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</ul></div> <div class="footer__social"> <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/contact-us" ><i class="fas fa-envelope"></i></a> <a href="https://www.instagram.com/rightsresources/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-instagram"></i></a> <a href="https://www.facebook.com/rightsandresources/" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-square"></i></a> <a href="https://twitter.com/RightsResources" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-x-twitter"></i></a> <a href="https://www.youtube.com/@rightsandresources/videos" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-youtube"></i></a> <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/rights-and-resources-initiative" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-linkedin-in"></i></a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div>  </header>  <section class="blog-hero cover" style="background-image: url(https://rightsandresources.org/wp-content/uploads/Caption-Upper-Guma-women-cooperative-bylaws-meeting-with-Cooperative-Development-Authority-and-Ministry-of-Agriculture.-.jpg);"> <div class="container"> <div class="blog-hero__text"> <div class="blog-hero__upper">Blog</div> <div class="blog-hero__title">Can Liberia’s Land Rights Law improve community women’s livelihoods?</div> <span class="author">Mina Beyan, Patrick Kipalu & Kendi Borona</span> <p>Long-time RRI collaborator Social Entrepreneurs for Sustainable Development (SESDev) examines how Liberia’s Land Rights Law has impacted women’s land rights and livelihoods since 2018.</p> <div class="blog-hero--cont"> <div class="blog-author__cont"> <div class="blog-hero__data"> <span class="date">27 .06. 2022  </span> <div class="reading-time"> 5 minutes read </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div id="breadcrumbs"><div class="container"> <div class="aioseo-breadcrumbs"><span class="aioseo-breadcrumb"> <a href="https://rightsandresources.org" title="Home">Home</a> </span><span class="aioseo-breadcrumb-separator">»</span><span class="aioseo-breadcrumb"> <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/blog/" 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href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/africa-keyword/" rel="tag">Africa</a>, <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/collective-land-rights/" rel="tag">Collective Land Rights</a>, <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/gender-justice-keyword/" rel="tag">Gender Justice</a>, <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/indigenous-peoples/" rel="tag">Indigenous Peoples</a>, <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/liberia-keyword/" rel="tag">Liberia</a>, <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/local-communities/" rel="tag">Local Communities</a>, <a href="https://rightsandresources.org/keywords/strategic-response-mechanisms/" rel="tag">Strategic Response Mechanisms</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="post-row"> <div class="container"> <div class="single_social"> <div class="single_share">SHARE</div> <a class="single_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https://rightsandresources.org/blog/can-liberias-land-rights-law-improve-community-womens-livelihoods/&t=Can Liberia’s Land Rights Law improve community women’s livelihoods?" title="Share on Facebook" target="_blank" onclick="window.open('https://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=' + encodeURIComponent(document.URL) + '&t=' + encodeURIComponent(document.URL)); return false;" target="_blank"><i class="fab fa-facebook-square"></i></a> <a class="single_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?source=https://rightsandresources.org/blog/can-liberias-land-rights-law-improve-community-womens-livelihoods/&text=:%20https://rightsandresources.org/blog/can-liberias-land-rights-law-improve-community-womens-livelihoods/" target="_blank" title="Tweet" onclick="window.open('https://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=' + encodeURIComponent(document.title) + ':%20' + encodeURIComponent(document.URL)); return false;"><i class="fab 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class="post-text__box"> <p><span data-contrast="none">The enactment of Liberia’s Land Rights Law in 2018 opened doors to a new era of reform in the country’s community land rights. The law came into force after a long history of land dispossession for Indigenous and local communities and two brutal civil wars, whose main drivers are traced back to power struggles for land and natural resources. Land reform and justice have always been critical pillars of sustainable peace in Liberia, and this legislation sought to play a key role in this endeavor. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">To date, the law is one of the most progressive land rights laws in Africa and the first legislation to recognize customary ownership of land in Liberia. It also explicitly secures the rights of women to own land and to participate in decision-making processes concerning land governance. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">However, despite the wins this legislative victory has brought to Liberia’s rural communities, gaps remain in educating local populations – including both men and women – on its use so that its full implementation becomes a reality.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <h2><strong><span class="TextRun Highlight SCXW19087063 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="none"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW19087063 BCX8">Assessing the law’s</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW19087063 BCX8">impact on </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW19087063 BCX8">community</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW19087063 BCX8"> women</span></span></strong></h2> <p><span data-contrast="none">While agriculture and forestry occupy important places in Liberia’s economy, women’s access and control of land have historically been limited despite their making up the majority of agricultural workers and forestry laborers in Liberia. It is in this context that RRI collaborator, the Social Entrepreneurs for Sustainable Development (SESDev) began to critically examine how the new legal framework in the country has impacted women’s land rights and livelihoods. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">With the support of RRI, SESDev assessed the changes that have occurred to improve livelihood opportunities for women in Vahun District, Lofa County in northern Liberia since the law was enacted in 2018. Through data collected from 17 focus groups (11 with women and six with men) and 13 key informant interviews, this assessment highlighted the key role customary leaders had played in ensuring that women’s land rights, as enshrined in statutory laws, were fully realized, protected and enjoyed by women. It also assessed the role these rights were playing in improving community women’s livelihood opportunities.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <figure id="attachment_58854" aria-describedby="caption-attachment-58854" style="width: 1280px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><img fetchpriority="high" decoding="async" class="wp-image-58854 size-full" src="https://rightsandresources.org/wp-content/uploads/Caption-Upper-Guma-women-cooperative-bylaws-meeting-with-Cooperative-Development-Authority-and-Ministry-of-Agriculture.-.jpg" alt="" width="1280" height="960" srcset="https://rightsandresources.org/wp-content/uploads/Caption-Upper-Guma-women-cooperative-bylaws-meeting-with-Cooperative-Development-Authority-and-Ministry-of-Agriculture.-.jpg 1280w, https://rightsandresources.org/wp-content/uploads/Caption-Upper-Guma-women-cooperative-bylaws-meeting-with-Cooperative-Development-Authority-and-Ministry-of-Agriculture.--900x675.jpg 900w, https://rightsandresources.org/wp-content/uploads/Caption-Upper-Guma-women-cooperative-bylaws-meeting-with-Cooperative-Development-Authority-and-Ministry-of-Agriculture.--300x225.jpg 300w" sizes="(max-width: 1280px) 100vw, 1280px" /><figcaption id="caption-attachment-58854" class="wp-caption-text">Upper Guma women cooperative bylaws meeting with Cooperative Development Authority and Ministry of Agriculture in Liberia.</figcaption></figure> <h2><b>Customary leaders as agents of change</b></h2> <p><span data-contrast="none">In Vahun District, customary leaders have emerged as key figures for women’s economic empowerment, by offering them sections of customary land for them to cultivate cash crops like cocoa, palm, coffee, and banana, once the sole domain of men. In the past, the chiefs would never offer land to women in the community unless they presented approval from their husbands. This practice is now changing, resulting in improved income and new livelihood opportunities for women. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="none">While it takes a long time for cultural norms to truly shift, the example from Vahun District is a significant step forward toward the pursuit of land justice and women’s rights. According to Joseph,* a local leader in the district: </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <h3 style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="TextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">Holding onto our tradition</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">s</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> has not augured well for us as chiefs and elders. Because of the education on land rights</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> we have tried to provide space to give women the rights to land. Men used to discuss land matters in the bush</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> making the women afraid by bringing the country devil outside to create fear because that was how our forefathers used to treat women.</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">[1]</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> But today</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> the story has changed because of the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">(new) </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">law </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">so </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW218447893 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">that women and men have equal rights to land.</span></span></em></h3> <p> </p> <p><span class="TextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">Increased </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">awareness about the provisions of the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">Land Rights Law</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8"> on women</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">’s</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8"> land rights has </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">in some cases</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">even </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">influenced</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">the beliefs held by </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">male</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8"> family</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">members</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">. </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">According to </span><span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW36299137 BCX8">Adama</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SpellingErrorV2Themed SCXW36299137 BCX8">Dunor</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">a community member who participated in the women</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">’s</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8"> focus groups</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW36299137 BCX8">:</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW36299137 BCX8" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <h3 style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="TextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">We as children inherited land from our father. I decided to start developing part of the land by planting cocoa. Every year when my husband makes the farm</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> we plant cocoa after harvesting the rice. When my </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">o</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">lder brother saw that our farm was getting big and being very productive</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">,</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> he wanted to remove me from the land. One day</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">,</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">our</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">community animators </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">(mobilizers) </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">had gone to the community to talk about women</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">’s</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> land </span><span class="NormalTextRun ContextualSpellingAndGrammarErrorV2Themed SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">rights</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> and he was in that meeting. When </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">he </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">read </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">out </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">the </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">l</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW201365601 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">aw to us, my brother understood that I too have rights to the land and today he has given me more support and has encouraged me to do more. Now I can even plant palm.</span></span></em></h3> <p> </p> <p><span data-contrast="none">The community mobilizers referred to by Dunor are members selected from the community to help ensure meetings are well-publicized and represented by women, youth and elders.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335559739":0,"335559740":240}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">SESDev’s assessment revealed that more and more women are becoming involved in land governance</span><span data-contrast="auto">. For example, </span><span data-contrast="auto">one woman defied cultural norms and systemic biases to now sit as co-chair of her community’s Community Land Management Committee. </span></p> <h2><b>Inheritance norms remain a challenge for women</b></h2> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Despite these positive transformations, women’s access to land remains a challenge under inheritance frameworks. It is important to note that cultural and customary belief systems are deep-rooted and there is often pushback against progressive laws in Liberia as well as other parts of Africa. One community woman, Julia*, shared her experience with inheritance laws:</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <h3 style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="TextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">The inheritance of land is something of major concern to me as a daughter. Daughters are not inheriting their land from their fathers as the sons do. My father narrated to me that according </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">to our Muslim tradition, a woman is supposed to get a share of her father’s property when </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">she</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">reach</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">es</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> the age of marriage. But what he told me is not what is happening</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW226025276 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">.</span></span></em></h3> <p> </p> <p><span class="TextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8">Another community member, </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8">Hawa</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8">Vandi</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8">,</span> <span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8">said</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8">:</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW102651646 BCX8"> </span></span><span class="EOP SCXW102651646 BCX8" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <h3 style="padding-left: 40px;"><em><span class="TextRun SCXW261195322 BCX8" lang="EN-US" xml:lang="EN-US" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW261195322 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">My father has denied me rights to plant cocoa on his land on the grounds that women are property and as such cannot own property. After we till the soil, plant food crops, we harvest and sell</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW261195322 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis"> them</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW261195322 BCX8" data-ccp-charstyle="Emphasis">, our husbands can demand we give them the money because women do not have rights to the land.</span></span></em></h3> <p> </p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Even though Liberia’s Equal Rights of the Customary Marriage Law of 1998</span><span data-contrast="auto">—</span><span data-contrast="auto">also known as the “Inheritance Law”</span><span data-contrast="auto">—</span><span data-contrast="auto">provides a layer of security to women after the death of a spouse or a divorce, it has been poorly applied since its adoption in 2003. In fact, most people in rural areas, both men and women, are unaware of its existence. </span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> <p><span data-contrast="auto">Phase II of SESDev’s project will focus on raising awareness of the Inheritance Law among community members and customary leaders in Vahun District. They hope that this intervention will enhance awareness of this law and garner support from traditional authorities to continue to advance women’s land rights. SESDev also plans to support women’s cooperatives to strengthen their governance structures and ensure that their income-generating activities are diversified.</span><span data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></p> </div> </section> <section class="post-text"> <div class="post-text__box"> <p><em><span class="TextRun SCXW257752253 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257752253 BCX8">* </span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257752253 BCX8">Some names have been</span><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW257752253 BCX8"> changed to protect privacy.</span></span><span class="EOP SCXW257752253 BCX8" data-ccp-props="{"201341983":0,"335551550":6,"335551620":6,"335559739":200,"335559740":276}"> </span></em></p> <p><span class="TextRun SCXW167124260 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW167124260 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="annotation text">[1] </span></span><span class="TextRun SCXW167124260 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW167124260 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="annotation text">Country devils are traditional “masqueraders” who do not live among the people in a community but occasionally come out when there is a situation in the community that they must deal with. The situation could be construed as good or bad. They are highly respected in the community because they are the traditional leaders who can pronounce punishment when you break the law.</span></span></p> <p><span class="TextRun SCXW170099025 BCX8" lang="EN-CA" xml:lang="EN-CA" data-contrast="auto"><span class="NormalTextRun SCXW170099025 BCX8" data-ccp-parastyle="annotation text">For questions, please contact <strong><a href="/cdn-cgi/l/email-protection#dfb2b6b1bef1b0a8aaacaa9fb8b2beb6b3f1bcb0b2">Mina Beyan</a>. </strong></span></span></p> <p> </p> <p><em>Interested in receiving notifications about new blog posts? <a href="https://shorturl.at/dhmuR" target="new" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>Subscribe to The Land Writes Blog now</strong></a> to get new posts delivered right to your inbox.</em></p> </div> </section> </div> </div> </div> <div class="most_read"> <div class="container"> <div class="most_read--title">Related Stories</div> <div class="most_read--cont"> <div> <div class="most_read_item"> <div class="most_read__content"> 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