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class="region region-content"> <h1 class="page-header"><span>Adolfo Ley Gracia</span> </h1> <article role="article" about="/biografias/29360/adolfo-ley-gracia" class="bio full clearfix"> <div class="content"> <div class="wrapper-biografia"> <div class="field field--name-field-biografia field--type-text-long field--label-visually_hidden"> <div class="field--label sr-only">Biografía</div> <div class="field--item"><p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-weight:bold;">Ley Gracia, Adolfo. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 21.IV.1908 – Barcelona, 14.XII.1975. Médico, neurocirujano.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Comenzó la carrera de Medicina en la Facultad de Medicina de Salamanca, y la acabó en la Universidad de Barcelona. Trabajó en Cirugía con Antonio Trías i Pujol y con Juan Puig i Sureda e, incitado por el primero, decidió dedicarse a la Neurocirugía.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1931 marchó a Tartu (Estonia), donde permaneció en su clínica neurológica durante casi un año con Ludwing Puussepp, discípulo de Wladimir Mijailovich Bechterew.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Más tarde, fue a Estados Unidos gracias a una beca de la Fundación Rockefeller para trabajar con el Percival Bailey en la Clínica Universitaria de Chicago; en su período americano lo hizo además con Harvey Cushing y Walter Dandy.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1935 regresó a Barcelona y se hizo cargo de la Neurocirugía en el Instituto Neurológico Municipal, Hospital de la Cruz Roja y el Orfanato Ribas.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1944 volvió al Hospital Clínico, aunque con una dotación de medios escasa que le indujo a opositar en 1956, con éxito, a la Jefatura del Servicio de Neurocirugía de la Residencia General de la Seguridad Social.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">En 1957 alcanzó el grado de doctor con la tesis </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Aneurismas arteriovenosos congénitos intracraneales, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y en 1975 creó la Escuela Profesional de Neurocirugía en la Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona. Mantuvo la compatibilidad de ambos servicios hasta que este último se fusionó con el que Eduardo Tolosa i Colomer regentaba en la Residencia Generalísimo Franco.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">De formación anatomoclínica y quirúrgica, fue enormemente trabajador, apasionado, generoso y entregado por entero a sus pacientes, logrando montar uno de los mejores servicios de Neurocirugía en su época en España. Fue uno de los introductores en España de la electroenfelafografía clínica, y comenzó a realizar sistemáticamente angiografías cerebrales por vía percutánea. En 1949 publicó un caso de comprensión del nervio óptico por una dilatación fusiforme de la arteria carótica intracraneal, que estudió profundamente, y que debido a su aportación se conoce como </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Síndrome de Ley. </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Trabajó en muy diversos campos, destacando, entre otros, los realizados sobre disfunciones laberínticas con Adolfo Azoy Castañé, fisiopatología del líquido cefalorraquídeo e histología de los tumores del sistema nervioso central. Incorporó el microscopio como instrumento para obtener mejores resultados quirúrgicos convirtiéndose en una auténtica referencia en esta técnica. Destacó también en el campo de la neurotraumatología estudiando detenidamente el síndrome postconmocional y las epilepsias traumáticas.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Formó un importante número de colaboradores, entre los que sobresalen Emilio Ley Gracia, José Pons Tordera, Adolfo Ley Valle, José María Guitart, Antonio Martí, Agustín Bachs y Valentín de Armas.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Escribió múltiples artículos en revistas nacionales e internacionales, y destaca su colaboración en la obra de Agustín Pedro Pons </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Tratado de Patología Médica y Clínica Médica </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y sus libros </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Tumores intracraneales </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">y </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Abscesos cerebrales, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">que tuvieron gran aceptación.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Fundó, con Sixto Obrador Alcalde y otros muchos, la Sociedad Luso Española de Neurología. Fue miembro honorario de diversas sociedades científicas, como Société Internationale de Churigie, Society of British Neurological Surgeons, International College of Surgeons y miembro fundador de la Sociedad Española de Neurocirujanos. Recibió la Gran Cruz del Mérito Militar y la del Mérito Civil. En 1971 ingresó en la Real Academia de Medicina de Barcelona con el discurso </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Pasado, presente y futuro de la cirugía craneocerebral.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Obras de ~: </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Tumores intracraneales, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Administración, 1940; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">La tríada otoneurológica: disfunciones laberínticas subagudas y crónicas, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Administración, 1950; “Nueva contribución al estudio de la compresión del nervio óptico debido a anomalías de la arteria carotídea”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Revista Española de Otoneurooftalmología y Neurocirugía, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">55 (1951), págs. 153-162; con A. G. Rosendo, “Primary sarcomas of the cerebellum”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Acta Neurochir </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(Wien), 3 (1952), págs. 1-16; con J. M. Guitart, “Resultados tardíos del tratamiento quirúrgico de la epilepsia cortical”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Revista Española de Otoneurooftalmología y Neurocirugía, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">23 (1964), págs. 75-87; </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Accidentes vasculares cerebrales, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, X Congreso Nacional de Neuro-Psiquiatría, 1969; con J. M. Guitart, “Clinical observations on sensory effects of trigeminal dorsal root section”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">34 (1971), págs. 260-264.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Bibl.: R. Calsapeu, “Adolfo Ley Gracia. Gran Pionero de la Neurocirugía”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Minutos Menarini </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">(1977), págs. 5-8; J. Prim Capdevila, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Evolución histórica de la neurocirugía en Cataluña, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">tesis doctoral, Barcelona, Universidad Autónoma, 1992; M. Broggi, “Adolfo Ley”, en </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Reflexions i records, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Barcelona, Editorial Triggi, Clasics Nausica. 1998, págs. 231-236; M. Díaz-Rubio, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';font-style:italic;">Médicos españoles del siglo xx. Segunda serie, </span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Madrid, You & Us, 2003.</span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';"> </span></p> <p lang="es-ES" style="text-align:justify;text-indent:0pt;margin-left:0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;margin-right:0pt;line-height:100%;" xml:lang="es-ES"><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';">Manuel Díaz-Rubio García </span></p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </article> </div> </section> <aside class="col-sm-4" role="complementary"> <div class="region region-sidebar-second"> <section id="block-preguntasfrecuentes" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentbb506541-4315-4ede-8b34-510511732f52 clearfix"> <div class="field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item"><p><a href="/preguntas-frecuentes">Preguntas 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class="img-responsive" /> </a> <div class="carousel-caption"> <h3><a href="/biografias/portal-historia-hispanica" hreflang="und">Portal "Historia Hispánica"</a></h3> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> </div> </aside> </div> <div class="row content-wrapper"> <div class="region region-content-bottom"> <section id="block-dbepersonajesrelacionados" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-relacionados clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-relacionados-wrapper"> <h1>Relación con otros personajes del DBE</h1> <div class="col-xs-12 block-personajes-content"> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-first"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_2 js-view-dom-id-c15cb035b90b2da0a7ea4eddcb16d80b75e0cfaf864061887e4a17934dcacc3c"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Biografías que citan a este personaje</h2> </div> <div class="view-content"> <div 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src="/sites/default/files/default_images/personaje-azul.svg" alt="DBE" title="DBE" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-responsive" /> </a> </div></div><div class="views-field views-field-title"><span class="field-content"><a href="/biografias/29360/adolfo-ley-gracia" hreflang="und">Adolfo Ley Gracia</a></span></div></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-xs-12 col-sm-5 col-last"> <div class="views-element-container form-group"><div class="view view-personajes-relacionados view-id-personajes_relacionados view-display-id-block_1 js-view-dom-id-5a05660465e0669d0a527001f3582b7941c2e41b47f4c0135b07f9749d56caf9"> <div class="view-header"> <h2>Personajes citados en esta biografía</h2> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <section id="block-dbepersonajessimilares" class="block block-dbe-block block-dbe-personajes-similares clearfix"> <div class="block-personajes-similares-wrapper"> <h1>Personajes similares</h1> <div class="personajes-similares-select-wrapper"> <select 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