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id="toc-Art_collection" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Art_collection"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Art collection</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Art_collection-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Marriages,_divorces_and_children" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Marriages,_divorces_and_children"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Marriages, divorces and children</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Marriages,_divorces_and_children-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Kidnapping_of_grandson_John_Paul_Getty_III" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Kidnapping_of_grandson_John_Paul_Getty_III"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Kidnapping of grandson John Paul Getty III</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Kidnapping_of_grandson_John_Paul_Getty_III-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reputation_for_frugality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reputation_for_frugality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Reputation for frugality</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Reputation_for_frugality-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Reputation for frugality subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Reputation_for_frugality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Coin-box_telephone" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coin-box_telephone"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Coin-box telephone</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coin-box_telephone-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_years_and_death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_years_and_death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later years and death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_years_and_death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Media_portrayals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Media_portrayals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Media portrayals</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Media_portrayals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Quotations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Quotations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Quotations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Quotations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Published_works" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Published_works"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Published works</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Published_works-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">J. Paul Getty</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 46 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-46" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">46 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%8A" title="جيه بول جيتي – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جيه بول جيتي" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pol_Qetti" title="Pol Qetti – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Pol Qetti" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%86%D1%96" title="Пол Геці – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Пол Геці" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BD_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Жан Пол Гети – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жан Пол Гети" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B6%CE%B9%CE%BD_%CE%A0%CE%BF%CE%BB_%CE%93%CE%BA%CE%AD%CF%84%CE%B9" title="Τζιν Πολ Γκέτι – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τζιν Πολ Γκέτι" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C._%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%AF%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="جی. پال گتی – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جی. پال گتی" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%84_%ED%8F%B4_%EA%B2%8C%ED%8B%B0" title="진 폴 게티 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="진 폴 게티" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%93%D5%B8%D5%AC_%D4%B3%D5%A5%D5%A9%D5%AB" title="Փոլ Գեթի – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Փոլ Գեթի" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%9F_%D7%A4%D7%95%D7%9C_%D7%92%D7%98%D7%99" title="ז'אן פול גטי – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אן פול גטי" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Пол Гетти – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Пол Гетти" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BD._Pols_Getijs" title="Ž. Pols Getijs – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Ž. Pols Getijs" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87_%D8%A8%D9%88%D9%84_%D8%AC%D9%8A%D8%AA%D9%89" title="جيه بول جيتى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جيه بول جيتى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%83%9D%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%82%B2%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3" title="ジャン・ポール・ゲティ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャン・ポール・ゲティ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%87._%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%88%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%80" title="ਜੇ. ਪਾਲ ਗੈੱਟੀ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜੇ. ਪਾਲ ਗੈੱਟੀ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B8,_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB" title="Гетти, Пол – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Гетти, Пол" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%8F._%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8" title="Џ. Пол Гети – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Џ. Пол Гети" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean_Paul_Getty" title="Jean Paul Getty – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jean Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%BB_%D0%93%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96" title="Пол Гетті – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Пол Гетті" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%92_%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%B9%DB%8C" title="جے پال گیٹی – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جے پال گیٹی" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="J. Paul Getty" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" title="J. Paul Getty – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="J. 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American industrialist (1892–1976)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Not to be confused with <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a> or <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_III" title="John Paul Getty III">John Paul Getty III</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">J. Paul Getty</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:JP_Getty,1944.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/JP_Getty%2C1944.jpg/220px-JP_Getty%2C1944.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="341" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/JP_Getty%2C1944.jpg/330px-JP_Getty%2C1944.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/JP_Getty%2C1944.jpg/440px-JP_Getty%2C1944.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3380" data-file-height="5237" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Getty in 1944</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Jean Paul Getty</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1892-12-15</span>)</span>December 15, 1892<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, Minnesota, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">June 6, 1976<span style="display:none">(1976-06-06)</span> (aged 83)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Woking" title="Woking">Woking</a>, Surrey, England</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Burial place</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Villa" title="Getty Villa">Getty Villa</a><br />Los Angeles, California</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Education</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a> <br /> <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College, Oxford</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Businessman" class="mw-redirect" title="Businessman">Businessman</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Jeanette Demont</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1923; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1926)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Allene Ashby</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1926; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1928)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Adolphine Helmle</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1928; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1932)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Ann_Rork" class="mw-redirect" title="Ann Rork">Ann Rork</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1932; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1936)<wbr /></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"></li></ul> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Getty_Gaston" title="Teddy Getty Gaston">Louise Dudley "Teddy" Lynch</a></div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1939; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1958)<wbr /></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Partners</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Lady_Ursula_d%27Abo" title="Lady Ursula d'Abo">Lady Ursula d'Abo</a><br /><a href="/wiki/Mary_Teissier" title="Mary Teissier">Mary Teissier</a><br />Rosabella Burch<br />Penelope Kitson</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>5, including:</li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gordon_Getty" title="Gordon Getty">Gordon Peter Getty</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Parents</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/George_Getty" title="George Getty">George Franklin Getty</a></li> <li>Sarah Catherine McPherson Risher</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jean Paul Getty Sr.</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/ɛ/: 'e' in 'dress'">ɛ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span></span>/</a></span></span>; December 15, 1892 – June 6, 1976) was an American-born British petroleum industrialist who founded the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Oil" title="Getty Oil">Getty Oil Company</a> in 1942 and was the patriarch of the <a href="/wiki/Getty_family" title="Getty family">Getty family</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A native of <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, he was the son of pioneer oilman <a href="/wiki/George_Getty" title="George Getty">George Getty</a>. In 1957, <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i> magazine named him the <a href="/wiki/Wealthiest_Americans_(1957)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wealthiest Americans (1957)">wealthiest living American</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while the 1966 <i><a href="/wiki/Guinness_Book_of_Records" class="mw-redirect" title="Guinness Book of Records">Guinness Book of Records</a></i> declared him the world's wealthiest private citizen, worth an estimated $1.2 billion (approximately $8.6 billion in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> At the time of his death, he was worth more than $6 billion (approximately $25 billion in 2023).<sup id="cite_ref-Lenzner_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lenzner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A book published in 1996 ranked him as the 67th wealthiest American who ever lived (based on his wealth as a percentage of the concurrent <a href="/wiki/Measures_of_national_income_and_output" title="Measures of national income and output">gross national product</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Getty is considered to have been frugal, notably negotiating his <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_III#Kidnapping" title="John Paul Getty III">grandson's kidnapping ransom</a> in 1973. He had five children and divorced five times. Getty was an avid collector of art and antiquities. His collection formed the basis of the <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">J. Paul Getty Museum</a> in Los Angeles; more than $661 million of his estate was left to the museum after his death.<sup id="cite_ref-Lenzner_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lenzner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He established the <a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Trust" title="J. Paul Getty Trust">J. Paul Getty Trust</a> in 1953. The trust, which is the world's wealthiest art institution, operates the J. Paul Getty Museum Complexes: the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Center" title="Getty Center">Getty Center</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Villa" title="Getty Villa">Getty Villa</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Foundation" title="Getty Foundation">Getty Foundation</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Research_Institute" title="Getty Research Institute">Getty Research Institute</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Conservation_Institute" title="Getty Conservation Institute">Getty Conservation Institute</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Getty was born in <a href="/wiki/Minneapolis" title="Minneapolis">Minneapolis</a>, Minnesota, to Sarah Catherine McPherson (Risher) and <a href="/wiki/George_Getty" title="George Getty">George Getty</a>, who was an attorney in the insurance industry. His parents raised him as a <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a>; his father was a devout <a href="/wiki/Christian_Scientist" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian Scientist">Christian Scientist</a>, and both were strict <a href="/wiki/Teetotalers" class="mw-redirect" title="Teetotalers">teetotalers</a>. He was of part <a href="/wiki/Scottish_American" class="mw-redirect" title="Scottish American">Scottish</a> descent.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1903, when Getty was 10 years old, George Getty traveled to <a href="/wiki/Bartlesville,_Oklahoma" title="Bartlesville, Oklahoma">Bartlesville</a>, Oklahoma, and bought the <a href="/wiki/Mineral_rights" title="Mineral rights">mineral rights</a> for 1,100 acres of land. The Getty family subsequently moved to Bartlesville, where J. Paul Getty attended the Garfield School. Within a few years Getty had established wells on the land that were producing 100,000 barrels of <a href="/wiki/Crude_oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Crude oil">crude oil</a> a month.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 20">: 20 </span></sup> </p><p>As newly minted millionaires, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a>, but J. Paul Getty later returned to Oklahoma. At age 14, he attended <a href="/wiki/Harvard_Military_School" class="mw-redirect" title="Harvard Military School">Harvard Military School</a> for a year, followed by <a href="/wiki/John_H._Francis_Polytechnic_High_School" title="John H. Francis Polytechnic High School">Polytechnic High School</a> of reading.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became fluent in French, German and Italian, and conversational in Spanish, <a href="/wiki/Greek_language" title="Greek language">Greek</a>, Arabic and Russian. A love of the <a href="/wiki/Classics" title="Classics">classics</a> led Getty to acquire reading proficiency in <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Ancient Greek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Latin" title="Latin">Latin</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Getty enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_California,_Berkeley" title="University of California, Berkeley">University of California, Berkeley</a>, but did not complete a degree.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Enamored of Europe after traveling abroad with his parents in 1910, he enrolled at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Oxford" title="University of Oxford">University of Oxford</a> on November 28, 1912.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A <a href="/wiki/Letter_of_introduction" title="Letter of introduction">letter of introduction</a> by then-President of the United States <a href="/wiki/William_Howard_Taft" title="William Howard Taft">William Howard Taft</a> enabled him to gain independent instruction from tutors at <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_College,_Oxford" title="Magdalen College, Oxford">Magdalen College</a>. Although he was not registered at Magdalen, he claimed the aristocratic students "accepted me as one of their own" and he fondly boasted of the friends he made, including <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII" title="Edward VIII">the Prince of Wales</a>, the future King <a href="/wiki/Edward_VIII_of_the_United_Kingdom" class="mw-redirect" title="Edward VIII of the United Kingdom">Edward VIII of the United Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 29">: 29 </span></sup> He obtained a diploma in economics and political science from Oxford in June 1913,<sup id="cite_ref-:0_10-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then spent months traveling throughout Europe and <a href="/wiki/Egypt" title="Egypt">Egypt</a> before meeting his parents in Paris and returning with them to the U.S. in June 1914. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg/220px-Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg/330px-Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c7/Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg/440px-Oklahoma_Oil_Corp._1922.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3392" data-file-height="2628" /></a><figcaption>Share of the Oklahoma Oil Corp., issued July 15, 1922, signed by President J. Paul Getty</figcaption></figure> <p>In the autumn of 1914, George Getty gave his son $10,000 to invest in expanding the family's oil field holdings in Oklahoma. The first lot he bought, the Nancy Taylor No. 1 Oil Well Site near <a href="/wiki/Haskell,_Oklahoma" title="Haskell, Oklahoma">Haskell, Oklahoma</a>, was crucial to his early financial success. The well struck oil in August 1915 and by the next summer the 40 percent net production royalty he accrued from it had made him a millionaire.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 34">: 34 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1919, Getty returned to business in Oklahoma. During the 1920s, he added about $3 million to his already sizable estate. His succession of marriages and divorces so distressed his father that Getty inherited only $500,000 of the $10 million fortune his father left at the time of his death in 1930. Getty was left with one-third of the stock from George Getty Inc., while his mother received the remaining two-thirds, giving her a controlling interest.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 47">: 47 </span></sup> </p><p>In 1936, Getty's mother convinced him to contribute to the establishment of a $3.3 million <a href="/wiki/Investment_trust" title="Investment trust">investment trust</a>, called the Sarah C. Getty Trust, to ensure the family's ever-growing wealth could be channeled into tax-free, secure income for future generations of the Getty family. The trust enabled Getty to have easy access to ready capital, which he was funneling into the purchase of <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater Petroleum">Tidewater Petroleum</a> stock.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 63–65">: 63–65 </span></sup> </p><p>During the <a href="/wiki/Great_Depression" title="Great Depression">Great Depression</a>, Getty acquired <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Western_Oil_Corporation" title="Pacific Western Oil Corporation">Pacific Western Oil Corporation</a> and began the acquisition (completed in 1953) of the Mission Corporation, which included <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_Petroleum" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater Petroleum">Tidewater Oil</a> and <a href="/wiki/Skelly_Oil" title="Skelly Oil">Skelly Oil</a>. In 1967, Getty merged these holdings into Getty Oil.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1948–49, Getty paid <a href="/wiki/Ibn_Saud" title="Ibn Saud">Ibn Saud</a> $9.5 million in cash, guaranteed $1 million a year, and a royalty of 55 cents a barrel for the <a href="/wiki/Saudi_Arabian-Kuwaiti_neutral_zone" class="mw-redirect" title="Saudi Arabian-Kuwaiti neutral zone">Saudi Arabian Neutral Zone</a> concession, which was 2.5 times more than what other major oil companies were paying in the Middle East at the time. Oil was finally discovered in March 1953.<sup id="cite_ref-dy_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-dy-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 1953, Getty's gamble produced 16 million barrels a year, which contributed greatly to the fortune responsible for making him one of the richest people in the world. </p> <table class="toccolours" style="float: left; margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 2em; font-size: 85%; background:#c6dbf7; color:black; width:25em; max-width: |25%;" cellspacing="5"> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align: left;">The meek shall inherit the earth, but not its mineral rights. </td></tr> <tr> <td style="text-align: left;">— dictum attributed to Jean Paul Getty<sup id="cite_ref-Manser2007_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manser2007-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Getty's wealth and ability to speak Arabic enabled his unparalleled expansion into the Middle East. He owned the controlling interest in about 200 businesses, including Getty Oil. Getty owned <a href="/wiki/Getty_Oil" title="Getty Oil">Getty Oil</a>, Getty Inc., George F. Getty Inc., <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Western_Oil_Corporation" title="Pacific Western Oil Corporation">Pacific Western Oil Corporation</a>, Mission Corporation, Mission Development Company, <a href="/wiki/Tidewater_Oil" class="mw-redirect" title="Tidewater Oil">Tidewater Oil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Skelly_Oil" title="Skelly Oil">Skelly Oil</a>, Mexican Seaboard Oil, Petroleum Corporation of America, <a href="/wiki/Spartan_Aircraft_Company" title="Spartan Aircraft Company">Spartan Aircraft Company</a>, Spartan Cafeteria Company, Minnehoma Insurance Company, Minnehoma Financial Company, <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Hotel" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Hotel">Pierre Hotel</a>, Pierre Marques Hotel, a 15th-century palace and nearby castle at Ladispoli on the coast northwest of Rome, a Malibu ranch home, and <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place,_Surrey" title="Sutton Place, Surrey">Sutton Place</a>, a 72-room mansion near <a href="/wiki/Guildford" title="Guildford">Guildford</a>, Surrey.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Art_collection">Art collection</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Art collection"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Getty's first forays into collecting began in the late 1930s, when he was inspired by the collection of 18th-century French paintings and furniture of the landlord of his New York City penthouse, Amy Guest, a relation of <a href="/wiki/Sir_Winston_Churchill" class="mw-redirect" title="Sir Winston Churchill">Sir Winston Churchill</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 72">: 72 </span></sup> A fan of 18th-century France, Getty began buying furniture from the period at reduced prices because of the depressed art market. He wrote several books on collecting, including <i>Europe and the 18th Century</i> (1949), <i>Collector's Choice: The Chronicle of an Artistic Odyssey through Europe</i> (1955) and <i>The Joys of Collecting</i> (1965). His stinginess limited the range of his collecting because he refused to pay full price. Getty's companion in later life, Penelope Kitson, said, "Paul was really too mean ever to allow himself to buy a great painting."<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 84">: 84 </span></sup> Nonetheless, at the time of his death he owned more than 600 works valued at more than $4 million, including paintings by <a href="/wiki/Rubens" class="mw-redirect" title="Rubens">Rubens</a>, <a href="/wiki/Titian" title="Titian">Titian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Gainsborough" title="Thomas Gainsborough">Gainsborough</a>, <a href="/wiki/Renoir" class="mw-redirect" title="Renoir">Renoir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Tintoretto" title="Tintoretto">Tintoretto</a>, <a href="/wiki/Degas" class="mw-redirect" title="Degas">Degas</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Monet" class="mw-redirect" title="Monet">Monet</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Getty's reluctance to donate any more artworks to <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles County">Los Angeles County</a> after he realized how his first donations had been shabbily presented at the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Museum_of_History,_Science_and_Art" class="mw-redirect" title="Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art">Los Angeles Museum of History, Science and Art</a> caused <a href="/wiki/Edward_W._Carter" title="Edward W. Carter">Edward W. Carter</a> to orchestrate the fundraising effort for the <a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County_Museum_of_Art" title="Los Angeles County Museum of Art">Los Angeles County Museum of Art</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MargaretLeslieDavis_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MargaretLeslieDavis-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the 1950s, Getty's interests shifted to <a href="/wiki/Greco-Roman" class="mw-redirect" title="Greco-Roman">Greco-Roman</a> sculpture, which led to the building of the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Villa" title="Getty Villa">Getty Villa</a> in the 1970s to house the collection.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 86–87">: 86–87 </span></sup> These items were transferred to the <a href="/wiki/Getty_Museum" class="mw-redirect" title="Getty Museum">Getty Museum</a> and the Getty Villa in Los Angeles after his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Marriages,_divorces_and_children"><span id="Marriages.2C_divorces_and_children"></span>Marriages, divorces and children</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Marriages, divorces and children"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Getty was a notorious womanizer from the time of his youth, which horrified his conservative parents. His lawyer, Robin Lund, once said, "Paul could hardly ever say 'no' to a woman, or 'yes' to a man."<sup id="cite_ref-vanityfair.com_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanityfair.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Lord_Beaverbrook" class="mw-redirect" title="Lord Beaverbrook">Lord Beaverbrook</a> called him "priapic" and "ever-ready" in his sexual habits.<sup id="cite_ref-vanityfair.com_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanityfair.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1917, when he was 25, Elsie Eckstrom filed a <a href="/wiki/Paternity_suit" class="mw-redirect" title="Paternity suit">paternity suit</a> against Getty in Los Angeles, claiming he was the father of her daughter, Paula.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 36–37">: 36–37 </span></sup> Eckstrom said that Getty had taken her virginity while she was drunk and fathered the child. His legal team tried to undermine her credibility by claiming that she had a history of promiscuity. Getty agreed to a settlement of $10,000, upon which Eckstrom left town with the baby.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 37">: 37 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Getty was married and divorced five times. He had five sons with four of his wives:<sup id="cite_ref-Lenzner_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Lenzner-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Vallely_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vallely-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ol><li>Jeanette Demont (married 1923 – divorced 1926); one son, <a href="/wiki/George_Getty#George_Getty_II" title="George Getty">George F. Getty II</a> (1924–1973).</li> <li>Allene Ashby (1926–1928); no children.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Getty met 17-year-old Ashby, the daughter of a <a href="/wiki/Texas" title="Texas">Texas</a> rancher, in <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a> while he was studying Spanish and overseeing his family's business interests. They eloped to <a href="/wiki/Cuernavaca,_Mexico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuernavaca, Mexico">Cuernavaca, Mexico</a>, but the marriage was bigamous as he was not yet divorced from Jeanette. The two quickly decided to dissolve the union while still in Mexico.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 42">: 42 </span></sup></li> <li>Adolphine Helmle (1928–1932); one son, Jean Ronald Getty (1929–2009), whose son, Christopher Ronald Getty, married <a href="/wiki/Pia_Getty" title="Pia Getty">Pia Miller</a>, sister of <a href="/wiki/Marie-Chantal,_Crown_Princess_of_Greece" title="Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece">Marie-Chantal, Crown Princess of Greece</a>. Like his first and second wives, Adolphine was 17 when Getty met her in <a href="/wiki/Vienna,_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Vienna, Austria">Vienna</a>. She was the daughter of a prominent German doctor who opposed her marriage to the twice-divorced, 36-year-old Getty.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 45">: 45 </span></sup> The two eloped to Cuernavaca, where he had married Ashby, then settled in Los Angeles. After their son was born, Getty lost interest in her and her father convinced her to return to Germany with their son in 1929. After a protracted and contentious battle, their divorce was finalized in August 1932, with Adolphine receiving a huge sum for <a href="/wiki/Punitive_damage" class="mw-redirect" title="Punitive damage">punitive damages</a> and full custody of Ronald.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 48, 59–60">: 48, 59–60 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ann_Rork_Light" title="Ann Rork Light">Ann Rork</a> (1932–1936); two sons, <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a> (1932–2003) and <a href="/wiki/Gordon_Getty" title="Gordon Getty">Gordon Peter Getty</a> (born 1933). Getty was introduced to Rork when she was 14, but she did not become his romantic partner until she was 21 in 1930. Because he was in the midst of his divorce from Adolphine, the couple had to wait two years to marry. He was largely absent during their marriage, staying for long stretches of time in Europe. She sued him for divorce in 1936, alleging emotional abuse and neglect. She described an incident while the two were abroad in Italy in which she claimed Getty forced her to climb to view the crater of <a href="/wiki/Mount_Vesuvius" title="Mount Vesuvius">Mount Vesuvius</a> while she was pregnant with their first son.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 71">: 71 </span></sup> The court ruled in her favor and she was awarded $2,500 per month in <a href="/wiki/Alimony" title="Alimony">alimony</a> plus $1,000 each in <a href="/wiki/Child_support" title="Child support">child support</a> for her sons.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 71">: 71 </span></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teddy_Getty_Gaston" title="Teddy Getty Gaston">Louise Dudley "Teddy" Lynch</a> (1939–1958); one son, Timothy Ware Getty (1946–1958).</li></ol> <p>In 2013, at age 99, Getty's fifth wife, Louise, known as Teddy Getty Gaston, published a memoir recounting how Getty had scolded her for spending money too freely in the 1950s on the treatment of their six-year-old son, Timmy, who had become blind from a <a href="/wiki/Brain_tumor" title="Brain tumor">brain tumor</a>. Timmy died at age 12, and Getty, living in England apart from his family, who were in the U.S., did not attend the funeral. Gaston divorced Getty that year.<sup id="cite_ref-Newman_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Newman-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> She died in 2017 at the age of 103.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Getty was quoted as saying "A lasting relationship with a woman is only possible if you are a business failure"<sup id="cite_ref-Vallely_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Vallely-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and "I hate to be a failure. I hate and regret the failure of my marriages. I would gladly give all my millions for just one lasting marital success."<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Kidnapping_of_grandson_John_Paul_Getty_III">Kidnapping of grandson John Paul Getty III</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Kidnapping of grandson John Paul Getty III"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Kidnapping_of_John_Paul_Getty_III" class="mw-redirect" title="Kidnapping of John Paul Getty III">Kidnapping of John Paul Getty III</a></div> <p>In Rome on July 10, 1973, <a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a> kidnappers abducted Getty's 16-year-old grandson, <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_III" title="John Paul Getty III">John Paul Getty III</a>, and demanded $17 million (equivalent to $117 million in 2023)<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for his safe return. The family suspected a ploy by the rebellious teenager to extract money from his miserly grandfather.<sup id="cite_ref-TelegraphPaulObit_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelegraphPaulObit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/John_Paul_Getty_Jr." title="John Paul Getty Jr.">John Paul Getty Jr.</a> asked his father for the money, but was refused, arguing that his 13 other grandchildren could also become kidnapping targets if he paid.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In November 1973, an envelope containing a lock of hair and a human ear arrived at a daily newspaper. The second demand had been delayed three weeks by an Italian postal strike.<sup id="cite_ref-TelegraphPaulObit_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelegraphPaulObit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The demand threatened that Paul would be further mutilated unless the victims paid $3.2 million. The demand stated: "This is Paul's ear. If we don't get some money within 10 days, then the other ear will arrive. In other words, he will arrive in little bits."<sup id="cite_ref-TelegraphPaulObit_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-TelegraphPaulObit-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>When the kidnappers reduced their demand to $3 million, Getty agreed to pay no more than $2.2 million (equivalent to $15.1 million in 2023<sup id="cite_ref-inflation-US_23-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-inflation-US-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>), the maximum that would be tax-deductible. He lent his son the remaining $800,000 at four percent interest. Getty's grandson was found alive on December 15, 1973, in a <a href="/wiki/Lauria" title="Lauria">Lauria</a> filling station, in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Potenza" title="Province of Potenza">province of Potenza</a>, shortly after the ransom was paid.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After his release, the younger Getty called his grandfather to thank him for paying the ransom but Getty refused to come to the phone.<sup id="cite_ref-Weber2011_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nine people associated with 'Ndrangheta were later arrested for the kidnapping, but only two were convicted.<sup id="cite_ref-Weber2011_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Getty III was permanently affected by the trauma and became a drug addict. After a stroke brought on by a cocktail of drugs and alcohol in 1981, he was rendered speechless, nearly blind, and partially paralyzed for the rest of his life. He died on February 5, 2011, at age 54.<sup id="cite_ref-Weber2011_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Getty defended his initial refusal to pay the ransom on two grounds. He argued that his 13 other grandchildren could also become kidnapping targets if he paid<sup id="cite_ref-Weber2011_27-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and said: "The second reason for my refusal was much broader-based. I contend that acceding to the demands of criminals and terrorists merely guarantees the continuing increase and spread of lawlessness, violence and such outrages as terror-bombings, "skyjackings" and the slaughter of hostages that plague our present-day world."<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nine of the kidnappers were apprehended, including <a href="/wiki/Girolamo_Piromalli" title="Girolamo Piromalli">Girolamo Piromalli</a> and <a href="/wiki/Saverio_Mammoliti" title="Saverio Mammoliti">Saverio Mammoliti</a>, high-ranking members of the <a href="/wiki/%27Ndrangheta" title="'Ndrangheta">'Ndrangheta</a>, a Mafia organization in Calabria.<sup id="cite_ref-tim280174_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-tim280174-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Two of the kidnappers were convicted and sent to prison; the others were acquitted for lack of evidence, including the 'Ndrangheta bosses. Most of the ransom money was never recovered.<sup id="cite_ref-Weber2011_27-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Weber2011-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reputation_for_frugality">Reputation for frugality</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Reputation for frugality"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many anecdotal stories exist of Getty's thriftiness and parsimony, which struck observers as comical, even perverse, because of his extreme wealth.<sup id="cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Refinery29.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The two best-known examples are his reluctance to pay his grandson's kidnapping ransom and a pay phone he had installed at Sutton Place. A darker incident was his fifth wife's claim that Getty had scolded her for spending too much on their terminally ill son's medical treatment, though he was worth tens of millions of dollars at the time.<sup id="cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Refinery29.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was well known for bargaining on almost everything to obtain the lowest possible price, including suites at luxury hotels and virtually all purchases of artwork and real estate. In 1959, Sutton Place, a 72-room mansion, was purchased from <a href="/wiki/George_Sutherland-Leveson-Gower,_5th_Duke_of_Sutherland" title="George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland">George Sutherland-Leveson-Gower, 5th Duke of Sutherland</a>, for £60,000, about half of what the duke paid for it 40 years earlier.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 113">: 113 </span></sup> </p> <ul><li>Getty's secretary claimed that Getty did his laundry by hand because he did not want to pay for his clothes to be laundered. When his shirts became frayed at the cuffs, he would trim the frayed parts rather than buy new shirts.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Reusing stationery was another obsession of Getty's. He had a habit of writing responses to letters on the margins or back sides and mailing them back, rather than using a new sheet of paper. He also carefully saved and reused <a href="/wiki/Manila_envelope" class="mw-redirect" title="Manila envelope">manila envelopes</a>, rubber bands, and other office supplies.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Pages: 69, 121">: 69, 121 </span></sup></li> <li>When Getty took a group of friends to a dog show in London, he made them walk around the block for 10 minutes until the tickets became half-priced at 5 pm, because he did not want to pay the full 5 <a href="/wiki/Shilling_(British_coin)" title="Shilling (British coin)">shillings</a> per head.<sup id="cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Refinery29.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Getty moved to <a href="/wiki/Sutton_Place,_Surrey" title="Sutton Place, Surrey">Sutton Place</a> in part because the cost of living was cheaper than in London, where he had resided at the <a href="/wiki/The_Ritz_Hotel,_London" title="The Ritz Hotel, London">Ritz</a>. He once boasted to American columnist <a href="/wiki/Art_Buchwald" title="Art Buchwald">Art Buchwald</a> that it cost 10 cents for a <a href="/wiki/Rum_and_coke" class="mw-redirect" title="Rum and coke">rum and coke</a> at Sutton Place, whereas at the Ritz it was more than a dollar.<sup id="cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Refinery29.com-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Getty drove his own car to work every day.</li></ul> <p>Author <a href="/wiki/John_Pearson_(author)" title="John Pearson (author)">John Pearson</a> attributed part of Getty's extreme penny-pinching to the <a href="/wiki/Methodist" class="mw-redirect" title="Methodist">Methodist</a> sensibility of Getty's upbringing, which emphasized modest living and personal economy. His business acumen was also a major factor in Getty's thriftiness. "He would allow himself no self-indulgence in the purchase of a place to live, a work of art, even a piece of furniture, unless he could convince himself that it would appreciate in value."<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 42">: 42 </span></sup> Getty claimed his frugality toward others was a response to having been taken advantage of. "It's not the money I object to, it's the principle of the thing that bothers me", he said.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coin-box_telephone">Coin-box telephone</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Coin-box telephone"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Getty famously had a pay phone installed at Sutton Place, helping to seal his reputation as a miser.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He placed dial locks on all the regular telephones, limiting their use to authorized staff, and the coin-box telephone was installed for others. In his autobiography, he described his reasons: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Now, for months after Sutton Place was purchased, great numbers of people came in and out of the house. Some were visiting businessmen. Others were artisans or workmen engaged in renovation and refurbishing. Still others were tradesmen making deliveries of merchandise. Suddenly, the Sutton Place telephone bills began to soar. The reason was obvious. Each of the regular telephones in the house has direct access to outside lines and thus to long-distance and even overseas operators. All sorts of people were making the best of a rare opportunity. They were picking up Sutton Place phones and placing calls to girlfriends in Geneva or Georgia and to aunts, uncles and third cousins twice-removed in Caracas and Cape Town. The costs of their friendly chats were, of course, charged to the Sutton Place bill.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>In a 1963 televised interview with <a href="/wiki/Alan_Whicker" title="Alan Whicker">Alan Whicker</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Getty said that he thought guests would want to use a pay phone.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After 18 months, he said, "the in-and-out traffic flow at Sutton subsided. Management and operation of the house settled into a reasonable routine. With that, the pay telephone [was] removed, and the dial locks were taken off the telephones in the house."<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_years_and_death">Later years and death</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Later years and death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On June 30, 1960, Getty threw a 21st birthday party for a relative of his friend, the <a href="/wiki/Bernard_Fitzalan-Howard,_16th_Duke_of_Norfolk" title="Bernard Fitzalan-Howard, 16th Duke of Norfolk">16th Duke of Norfolk</a>, which served as a housewarming party for the newly purchased Sutton Place.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 119">: 119 </span></sup> Partygoers were irritated by Getty's stinginess, such as not providing cigarettes and relegating everyone to using <a href="/wiki/Creosote" title="Creosote">creosote</a> <a href="/wiki/Portable_toilet" title="Portable toilet">portable toilets</a> outside. At about 10 p.m. the party descended into pandemonium as party crashers arrived from London, swelling the already overcrowded halls and causing an estimated £20,000 in damage.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 119">: 119 </span></sup> A valuable silver ewer by the 18th century silversmith <a href="/wiki/Paul_de_Lamerie" title="Paul de Lamerie">Paul de Lamerie</a> was stolen, but returned anonymously when the London newspapers began covering the theft.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The event's failure made Getty the object of ridicule and he never threw another large party. </p><p>Getty remained an inveterate hard worker, boasting at age 74 that he often worked 16 to 18 hours per day overseeing his operations across the world.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The value of Getty Oil shares quadrupled during the Arab-Israeli <a href="/wiki/Yom_Kippur_War" title="Yom Kippur War">Yom Kippur War</a> of 1973, which caused a worldwide oil shortage for years. Getty's earnings topped $25.8 million in 1975.<sup id="cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page: 199">: 199 </span></sup> </p><p>Getty met the English interior designer Penelope Kitson in the 1950s and entrusted her with decorating his homes and the public rooms of the oil tankers he was launching. From 1960, Kitson resided in a cottage on the grounds of Sutton Place. Getty and Kitson maintained a platonic relationship and Getty held her in high respect and trust. </p><p>Getty's insatiable appetite for sex also continued into his 80s. He used an experimental drug, <i>H3</i>, to maintain his potency.<sup id="cite_ref-vanityfair.com_16-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanityfair.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mistresses who resided at Sutton Place included <a href="/wiki/Mary_Teissier" title="Mary Teissier">Mary Teissier</a>, a distant cousin of the last <a href="/wiki/Tsar_of_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Tsar of Russia">Tsar of Russia</a>; <a href="/wiki/Lady_Ursula_d%27Abo" title="Lady Ursula d'Abo">Lady Ursula d'Abo</a>, who had close connections to the British Royal Family; and Nicaraguan-born Rosabella Burch.<sup id="cite_ref-vanityfair.com_16-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanityfair.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i> wrote of Getty's domestic arrangement that he "ended his life with a collection of desperately hopeful women, all living together in his Tudor mansion in England, none of them aware that his favorite pastime was rewriting his will, changing his insultingly small bequests: $209 a month to one, $1,167 to another."<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Only Kitson received a significant bequest upon Getty's death: 5,000 shares of Getty Oil, which doubled in value during the 1980s, and a $1,167 monthly income.<sup id="cite_ref-vanityfair.com_16-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-vanityfair.com-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On June 6, 1976, Getty died of heart failure at age 83 in Sutton Place.<sup id="cite_ref-NYTobit_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Media_portrayals">Media portrayals</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Media portrayals"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Rudy_De_Luca" title="Rudy De Luca">Rudy De Luca</a> portrayed Getty in the 1991 <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> film <i><a href="/wiki/Life_Stinks" title="Life Stinks">Life Stinks</a></i>, in which Brooks plays a real estate tycoon who takes a bet that he can't live in the streets as a derelict for a month. Several times in the film he runs into a homeless man who claims to be Getty in a similar situation, but neither believes the other. It is never confirmed whether this character was supposed to actually be Getty or just a homeless person with a personality disorder, but he is credited as "J. Paul Getty". </p><p><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> portrayed Getty in the 2017 film <i><a href="/wiki/All_the_Money_in_the_World" title="All the Money in the World">All the Money in the World</a>,</i> which dramatizes his grandson's kidnapping. Getty was originally portrayed by <a href="/wiki/Kevin_Spacey" title="Kevin Spacey">Kevin Spacey</a>, but after sexual misconduct allegations surfaced against Spacey before the film premiered, Plummer refilmed Spacey's scenes. For his performance, Plummer received an <a href="/wiki/Academy_Awards" title="Academy Awards">Academy Award</a> nomination for <a href="/wiki/Academy_Award_for_Best_Supporting_Actor" title="Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor">Best Supporting Actor</a>. </p><p>The kidnapping is also dramatized in the first season of the American anthology drama series <i><a href="/wiki/Trust_(U.S._TV_series)" class="mw-redirect" title="Trust (U.S. TV series)">Trust</a></i>, in which <a href="/wiki/Donald_Sutherland" title="Donald Sutherland">Donald Sutherland</a> portrays Getty.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Quotations">Quotations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Quotations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>J. Paul Getty has one entry in the 8th Edition of <a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Quotations" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations">The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations</a>: "If you can actually count your money, then you are not really a rich man."<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Published_works">Published works</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Published works"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>The history of the bigger oil business of George F.S. F. and J. Paul Getty from 1903 to 1939</i>. Los Angeles?, 1941, <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/693373380">693373380</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>Europe in the Eighteenth Century</i>. [Santa Monica, Calif.]: privately printed, 1949, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1539420">1539420</a></li> <li>Le Vane, Ethel, and J. Paul Getty. <i>Collector's Choice: The Chronicle of an Artistic Odyssey through Europe</i>. London: W.H. Allen, 1955, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/901152222">901152222</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>My Life and Fortunes</i>. New York: Duell, Sloan & Pearce, 1963, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/804426417">804426417</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>The Joys of Collecting</i>. New York: Hawthorn Books, 1965, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/756465638">756465638</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>How to be Rich</i>. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1965, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/702557306">702557306</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>The Golden Age</i>. New York: Trident Press, 1968, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/3039906">3039906</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>How to be a Successful Executive</i>. Chicago: Playboy Press, 1971, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/11409794">11409794</a></li> <li>Getty, J. Paul. <i>As I See It: The Autobiography of J. Paul Getty</i>. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, 1976. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-13-049593-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-13-049593-X">0-13-049593-X</a>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1078950701">1078950701</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_richest_Americans_in_history" title="List of richest Americans in history">List of richest Americans in history</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NYTobit-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NYTobit_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitman1976" class="citation news cs1"><a href="/wiki/Alden_Whitman" title="Alden Whitman">Whitman, Alden</a> (June 6, 1976). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1215.html">"J. Paul Getty Dead at 83; Amassed Billions From Oil"</a>. On This Day. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180330155805/https://archive.nytimes.com/www.nytimes.com/learning/general/onthisday/bday/1215.html">Archived</a> from the original on March 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=J.+Paul+Getty+Dead+at+83%3B+Amassed+Billions+From+Oil&rft.date=1976-06-06&rft.aulast=Whitman&rft.aufirst=Alden&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.nytimes.com%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Flearning%2Fgeneral%2Fonthisday%2Fbday%2F1215.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLubar1986" class="citation news cs1">Lubar, Robert (March 17, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1986/03/17/67242/index.htm">"The Odd Mr. Getty: The possibly richest man in the world was mean, miserly, sexy, fearful of travel and detergents"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a></i>. New York City. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170813224157/http://archive.fortune.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/1986/03/17/67242/index.htm">Archived</a> from the original on August 13, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Fortune&rft.atitle=The+Odd+Mr.+Getty%3A+The+possibly+richest+man+in+the+world+was+mean%2C+miserly%2C+sexy%2C+fearful+of+travel+and+detergents&rft.date=1986-03-17&rft.aulast=Lubar&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fmoney.cnn.com%2Fmagazines%2Ffortune%2Ffortune_archive%2F1986%2F03%2F17%2F67242%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcWhirterMcWhirter1966" class="citation book cs1">McWhirter, Norris; McWhirter, Ross (1966). <i>Guinness Book of Records</i>. London, England: Jim Pattison Group. p. 229.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Guinness+Book+of+Records&rft.place=London%2C+England&rft.pages=229&rft.pub=Jim+Pattison+Group&rft.date=1966&rft.aulast=McWhirter&rft.aufirst=Norris&rft.au=McWhirter%2C+Ross&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Lenzner-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Lenzner_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lenzner_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Lenzner_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Lenzner, Robert. 1985. <i>The great Getty: the life and loves of J. Paul Getty, richest man in the world</i>. New York: Crown Publishers. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-517-56222-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-517-56222-7">0-517-56222-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKlepperGunther1996" class="citation book cs1">Klepper, Michael M.; Gunther, Robert E. (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/wealthy100frombe00klep"><i>The wealthy 100: from Benjamin Franklin to Bill Gates: a ranking of the richest Americans, past and present</i></a>. Secaucus, New Jersey: Carol Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8065-1800-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-8065-1800-6"><bdi>0-8065-1800-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+wealthy+100%3A+from+Benjamin+Franklin+to+Bill+Gates%3A+a+ranking+of+the+richest+Americans%2C+past+and+present&rft.place=Secaucus%2C+New+Jersey&rft.pub=Carol+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-8065-1800-6&rft.aulast=Klepper&rft.aufirst=Michael+M.&rft.au=Gunther%2C+Robert+E.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fwealthy100frombe00klep&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWyatt2009" class="citation news cs1">Wyatt, Edward (April 30, 2009). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/arts/design/30gett.html">"Getty Fees and Budget Reassessed"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Los Angeles. p. C1. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180206190152/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/30/arts/design/30gett.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Getty+Fees+and+Budget+Reassessed&rft.pages=C1&rft.date=2009-04-30&rft.aulast=Wyatt&rft.aufirst=Edward&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2009%2F04%2F30%2Farts%2Fdesign%2F30gett.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1">"The McPherson ancestry of the Getty Family". <i>Creag Dubh</i>. No. 71. Clan MacPherson Association. 2019. p. 62.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Creag+Dubh&rft.atitle=The+McPherson+ancestry+of+the+Getty+Family&rft.issue=71&rft.pages=62&rft.date=2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearson1995-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-12"><sup><i><b>m</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-13"><sup><i><b>n</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-14"><sup><i><b>o</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-15"><sup><i><b>p</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-16"><sup><i><b>q</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-17"><sup><i><b>r</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-18"><sup><i><b>s</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-19"><sup><i><b>t</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Pearson1995_8-20"><sup><i><b>u</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearson1995" class="citation book cs1">Pearson, John (1995). <i>Painfully Rich: J. 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Murphy and the Transformation of Los Angeles</i></a></span>. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturebrokerfra00davi/page/29">29</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780520925557" title="Special:BookSources/9780520925557"><bdi>9780520925557</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Paul Getty III dies at 54; scion of oil dynasty"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=J.+Paul+Getty+III+dies+at+54%3B+scion+of+oil+dynasty&rft.date=2011-02-07&rft.aulast=Woo&rft.aufirst=Elaine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Fnews%2Fobituaries%2Fla-me-john-paul-getty-iii-20110208%2C0%2C1147525.story&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Refinery29.com-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Refinery29.com_31-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNicolaou2018" class="citation news cs1">Nicolaou, Elana (March 25, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211313/https://www.refinery29.com/2018/03/194296/was-jp-getty-cheap-refused-paying-ransom-trust-drama?bucketed=true">"Was J Paul Getty Really THAT Cheap?"</a>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 6,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Talk+at+the+BBC&rft.atitle=The+Solitary+Billionaire+J.+Paul+Getty&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fprogrammes%2Fp00nw1t5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Talk at the BBC</i>, BBC Four, April 5, 2012</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Getty, 1976, p. 320</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnthony_Haden-Guest2015" class="citation news cs1">Anthony Haden-Guest (September 27, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170920162644/http://www.thedailybeast.com/how-wild-was-j-paul-gettys-notorious-british-party">"How Wild Was J. Paul Getty's Notorious British Party?"</a>. <i>The Daily Beast</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thedailybeast.com/how-wild-was-j-paul-gettys-notorious-british-party">the original</a> on September 20, 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 30,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Beast&rft.atitle=How+Wild+Was+J.+Paul+Getty%27s+Notorious+British+Party%3F&rft.date=2015-09-27&rft.au=Anthony+Haden-Guest&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thedailybeast.com%2Fhow-wild-was-j-paul-gettys-notorious-british-party&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Reilly1986" class="citation news cs1">O'Reilly, Jane (March 30, 1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180330211214/https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/30/books/isn-t-it-funny-what-money-can-do.html">"Isn't It Funny What Money Can Do?"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1986/03/30/books/isn-t-it-funny-what-money-can-do.html">the original</a> on March 30, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 29,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Isn%27t+It+Funny+What+Money+Can+Do%3F&rft.date=1986-03-30&rft.aulast=O%27Reilly&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F03%2F30%2Fbooks%2Fisn-t-it-funny-what-money-can-do.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPetski2018" class="citation news cs1">Petski, Denise (January 5, 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180106065129/http://deadline.com/2018/01/fx-atlanta-the-americans-trust-premiere-dates-1202236211/">"FX Sets 'Atlanta' & 'The Americans' Return Dates, 'Trust' Premiere – TCA"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Deadline_Hollywood" title="Deadline Hollywood">Deadline Hollywood</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://deadline.com/2018/01/fx-atlanta-the-americans-trust-premiere-dates-1202236211/">the original</a> on January 6, 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">January 5,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=FX+Sets+%27Atlanta%27+%26+%27The+Americans%27+Return+Dates%2C+%27Trust%27+Premiere+%E2%80%93+TCA&rft.date=2018-01-05&rft.aulast=Petski&rft.aufirst=Denise&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadline.com%2F2018%2F01%2Ffx-atlanta-the-americans-trust-premiere-dates-1202236211%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJ.+Paul+Getty" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Oxford_Dictionary_of_Quotations" title="The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations">The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations</a>. 8th Edition. Page 340</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/The_Observer" title="The Observer">The Observer</a> November 3, 1957</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Hewins, Ralph. <i>The Richest American: J. Paul Getty</i>. New York: Dutton, 1960.</li> <li>Lund, Robina. <i>The Getty I Knew</i>. Kansas City: Sheed Andrews and McMeel, 1977. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8362-6601-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-8362-6601-3">0-8362-6601-3</a>.</li> <li>Miller, Russell. <i>The House of Getty</i>. New York: Henry Holt, 1985. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8050-0023-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-8050-0023-2">0-8050-0023-2</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Somerset_de_Chair" title="Somerset de Chair">de Chair, Somerset Struben</a>. <i>Getty on Getty: a man in a billion</i>. London: Cassell, 1989. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-304-31807-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-304-31807-8">0-304-31807-8</a>.</li> <li>Pearson, John. <i>Painfully Rich: J. Paul Getty and His Heirs</i>. London: Macmillan, 1995. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-333-59033-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-333-59033-3">0-333-59033-3</a>.</li> <li>Wooster, Martin Morse. <i>Philanthropy Hall of Fame, J. Paul Getty</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.philanthropyroundtable.org/almanac/hall_of_fame/j._paul_getty">philanthropyroundtable.org.</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=J._Paul_Getty&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1250146164">.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow{padding:0.75em 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-abovebelow>b{display:block}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul{border-top:1px solid #aaa;padding:0.75em 0;width:217px;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .sister-box .side-box-text>ul>li{min-height:31px}.mw-parser-output .sister-logo{display:inline-block;width:31px;line-height:31px;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .sister-link{display:inline-block;margin-left:4px;width:182px;vertical-align:middle}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> <b>J. Paul Getty</b> at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects"><span id="sister-projects">sister projects</span></a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/20px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/40px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:J._Paul_Getty" class="extiw" title="c:Category:J. Paul Getty">Media</a> from Commons</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/J._Paul_Getty" class="extiw" title="q:J. Paul Getty">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</span></li><li><span class="sister-logo"><span class="mw-valign-middle" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/27px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/41px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/Wikidata-logo.svg/54px-Wikidata-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1050" data-file-height="590" /></span></span></span><span class="sister-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318591" class="extiw" title="d:Q318591">Data</a> from Wikidata</span></li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10020/cifaia40009">J. Paul Getty diaries, 1938–1946, 1948–1976</a> finding aid, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://hdl.handle.net/10020/cifaia20009">J. Paul Getty family collected papers, 1880s–1989, undated (bulk 1911–1977)</a> finding aid, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles.</li> <li><a href="https://hdl.handle.net/10020/cifaia20013" class="extiw" title="hdl:10020/cifaia20013">J. Paul Getty and Ashby sisters papers, 1926-1992</a>, finding aid, Getty Research Institute, Los Angeles.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6730">J. Paul Getty</a> at <a href="/wiki/Find_a_Grave" title="Find a Grave">Find a Grave</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · 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href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a 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Paul Getty Trust">J. Paul Getty Trust</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">Museum locations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Getty_Center" title="Getty Center">Getty Center</a> <ul><li><span style="font-size:85%;"><a href="/wiki/Getty_Center_Tram" title="Getty Center Tram">Tram</a></span></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty_Villa" title="Getty Villa">Getty Villa</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Programs</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="J. Paul Getty Museum">J. Paul Getty Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty_Foundation" title="Getty Foundation">Getty Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty_Research_Institute" title="Getty Research Institute">Getty Research Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Getty_Conservation_Institute" title="Getty Conservation Institute">Getty Conservation Institute</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:People_associated_with_the_J._Paul_Getty_Museum" title="Category:People associated with the J. Paul Getty Museum">People</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">J. Paul Getty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Harold_M._Williams" title="Harold M. Williams">Harold M. Williams</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barry_Munitz" title="Barry Munitz">Barry Munitz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_N._Wood" title="James N. Wood">James N. Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Cuno" title="James Cuno">James Cuno</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Category:Art_museums_and_galleries_in_Los_Angeles" title="Category:Art museums and galleries in Los Angeles">Art museums and galleries in Los Angeles</a> — <a href="/wiki/Category:Art_in_the_Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" title="Category:Art in the Greater Los Angeles Area">Art in the Greater Los Angeles Area</a> — <a href="/wiki/Category:Getty_family" title="Category:Getty family">Getty family</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318591#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q318591#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121221986">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/17223172">VIAF</a></span><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/110256487">2</a></span></li></ul></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/5184/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJhCH9Y4xhYB67CjwhGGpP">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118538993">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50016532">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11904773z">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11904773z">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00440813">Japan</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Getty, J. Paul"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/nome/SBLV097506">Italy</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36157580">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=jn20040106036&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX995631">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p072547960">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/90964421">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://kopkatalogs.lv/F?func=direct&local_base=lnc10&doc_number=000198430&P_CON_LNG=ENG">Latvia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&doc_number=000171554&local_base=nsk10">Croatia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.nlg.gr/cgi-bin/koha/opac-authoritiesdetail.pl?authid=65491">Greece</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC201809229">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://libris.kb.se/42gjkbpn0rhnzd6">Sweden</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810627074005606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007463315305171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14118665">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA04282800?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500318299">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://rkd.nl/en/explore/artists/434566">RKD Artists</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1221447">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118538993.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-digitale-bibliothek.de/person/gnd/118538993">DDB</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02688965X">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6x355m8">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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