CINXE.COM
About Eos - Eos
<!doctype html> <html lang="en-US"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8" /> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1" /> <link rel="profile" href="https://gmpg.org/xfn/11" /> <meta name='robots' content='index, follow, max-image-preview:large, max-snippet:-1, max-video-preview:-1' /> <style>img:is([sizes="auto" i],[sizes^="auto," i]){contain-intrinsic-size: 3000px 1500px}</style> <script async src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script> window.googletag = window.googletag || { cmd: [] }; </script> <link rel='preconnect' href='https://i0.wp.com' > <!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.4 - https://yoast.com/wordpress/plugins/seo/ --> <title>About Eos - Eos</title><link rel="preload" href="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?fit=1056%2C540&ssl=1" as="image" imagesrcset="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?w=1056&ssl=1 1056w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=480%2C245&ssl=1 480w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=1024%2C524&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=768%2C393&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=400%2C205&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=706%2C361&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?fit=1056%2C540&ssl=1&w=370 370w" imagesizes="(max-width: 1056px) 100vw, 1056px" fetchpriority="high" /><link rel="preload" href="https://eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png" as="image" imagesrcset="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?w=200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1 80w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?w=400&ssl=1 400w" imagesizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" fetchpriority="high" /><style id="perfmatters-used-css">.widget_newspack-ads-widget{overflow:hidden;}#page{overflow:initial !important;}.newspack_global_ad{max-width:100%;flex:1 1 auto;}.newspack_global_ad.fixed-height{padding:16px 0;box-sizing:content-box;}.newspack_global_ad.fixed-height>*{margin:0;}</style> <meta name="description" content="Eos is the science news magazine published by AGU. Read about the latest climate and environmental news, exciting discoveries, and scientific endeavors to solve today’s most critical challenges." /> <link rel="canonical" href="https://eos.org/about-eos" /> <meta property="og:locale" content="en_US" /> <meta property="og:type" content="article" /> <meta property="og:title" content="About Eos - Eos" /> <meta property="og:description" content="Eos is the science news magazine published by AGU. Read about the latest climate and environmental news, exciting discoveries, and scientific endeavors to solve today’s most critical challenges." /> <meta property="og:url" content="http://eos.org/about-eos" /> <meta property="og:site_name" content="Eos" /> <meta property="article:publisher" content="https://www.facebook.com/AmericanGeophysicalUnion" /> <meta property="article:modified_time" content="2024-09-13T17:20:04+00:00" /> <meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image" /> <meta name="twitter:site" content="@AGU_Eos" /> <meta name="twitter:label1" content="Est. reading time" /> <meta name="twitter:data1" content="3 minutes" /> <meta name="twitter:label2" content="Written by" /> <meta name="twitter:data2" content="Faith Ishii" /> <script type="application/ld+json" class="yoast-schema-graph">{"@context":"https://schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https://eos.org/about-eos","url":"https://eos.org/about-eos","name":"About Eos - Eos","isPartOf":{"@id":"https://eos.org/#website"},"datePublished":"2021-09-17T20:42:24+00:00","dateModified":"2024-09-13T17:20:04+00:00","description":"Eos is the science news magazine published by AGU. Read about the latest climate and environmental news, exciting discoveries, and scientific endeavors to solve today’s most critical challenges.","breadcrumb":{"@id":"https://eos.org/about-eos#breadcrumb"},"inLanguage":"en-US","potentialAction":[{"@type":"ReadAction","target":["https://eos.org/about-eos"]}]},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https://eos.org/about-eos#breadcrumb","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https://eos.org/"},{"@type":"ListItem","position":2,"name":"About Eos"}]},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https://eos.org/#website","url":"https://eos.org/","name":"Eos","description":"Science News by AGU","publisher":{"@id":"https://eos.org/#organization"},"potentialAction":[{"@type":"SearchAction","target":{"@type":"EntryPoint","urlTemplate":"https://eos.org/?s={search_term_string}"},"query-input":{"@type":"PropertyValueSpecification","valueRequired":true,"valueName":"search_term_string"}}],"inLanguage":"en-US"},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https://eos.org/#organization","name":"American Geophysical Union","url":"https://eos.org/","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","inLanguage":"en-US","@id":"https://eos.org/#/schema/logo/image/","url":"https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?fit=1056%2C540&ssl=1","contentUrl":"https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?fit=1056%2C540&ssl=1","width":1056,"height":540,"caption":"American Geophysical Union"},"image":{"@id":"https://eos.org/#/schema/logo/image/"},"sameAs":["https://www.facebook.com/AmericanGeophysicalUnion","https://x.com/AGU_Eos","https://www.instagram.com/americangeophysicalunion/","https://www.linkedin.com/groups/2196290","https://www.youtube.com/user/AGUvideos"]}]}</script> <!-- / Yoast SEO plugin. --> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//stats.wp.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//cdn.parsely.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//www.googletagmanager.com' /> <link rel='dns-prefetch' href='//pagead2.googlesyndication.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//i0.wp.com' /> <link rel='preconnect' href='//c0.wp.com' /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Eos » Feed" href="https://eos.org/feed" /> <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="Eos » Comments Feed" href="https://eos.org/comments/feed" /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-block-library-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/css/dist/block-library/style.min.css' media='all' /> <style id='wp-block-library-theme-inline-css'>.wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-audio :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-audio{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-code{border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px;font-family:Menlo,Consolas,monaco,monospace;padding:.8em 1em}.wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-embed :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-embed{margin:0 0 1em}.blocks-gallery-caption{color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .blocks-gallery-caption{color:#ffffffa6}:root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme :root :where(.wp-block-image figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-image{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-pullquote{border-bottom:4px solid;border-top:4px solid;color:currentColor;margin-bottom:1.75em}.wp-block-pullquote cite,.wp-block-pullquote footer,.wp-block-pullquote__citation{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;text-transform:uppercase}.wp-block-quote{border-left:.25em solid;margin:0 0 1.75em;padding-left:1em}.wp-block-quote cite,.wp-block-quote footer{color:currentColor;font-size:.8125em;font-style:normal;position:relative}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-right){border-left:none;border-right:.25em solid;padding-left:0;padding-right:1em}.wp-block-quote:where(.has-text-align-center){border:none;padding-left:0}.wp-block-quote.is-large,.wp-block-quote.is-style-large,.wp-block-quote:where(.is-style-plain){border:none}.wp-block-search .wp-block-search__label{font-weight:700}.wp-block-search__button{border:1px solid #ccc;padding:.375em .625em}:where(.wp-block-group.has-background){padding:1.25em 2.375em}.wp-block-separator.has-css-opacity{opacity:.4}.wp-block-separator{border:none;border-bottom:2px solid;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.wp-block-separator.has-alpha-channel-opacity{opacity:1}.wp-block-separator:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){width:100px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-dots){border-bottom:none;height:1px}.wp-block-separator.has-background:not(.is-style-wide):not(.is-style-dots){height:2px}.wp-block-table{margin:0 0 1em}.wp-block-table td,.wp-block-table th{word-break:normal}.wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-table :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#555;font-size:13px;text-align:center}.is-dark-theme .wp-block-video :where(figcaption){color:#ffffffa6}.wp-block-video{margin:0 0 1em}:root :where(.wp-block-template-part.has-background){margin-bottom:0;margin-top:0;padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style> <style id='co-authors-plus-coauthors-style-inline-css'>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow [class*=wp-block-co-authors-plus]{display:inline}</style> <style id='co-authors-plus-avatar-style-inline-css'>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-avatar.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}</style> <style id='co-authors-plus-image-style-inline-css'>.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image{margin-bottom:0}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){height:auto;max-width:100%;vertical-align:bottom}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-coauthors.is-layout-flow .wp-block-co-authors-plus-image :where(img){vertical-align:middle}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignfull,.alignwide) :where(img){width:100%}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image:is(.alignleft,.alignright){display:table}.wp-block-co-authors-plus-image.aligncenter{display:table;margin-inline:auto}</style> <style id='wp-parsely-recommendations-style-inline-css'>.parsely-recommendations-list-title{font-size:1.2em}.parsely-recommendations-list{list-style:none;padding:unset}.parsely-recommendations-cardbody{overflow:hidden;padding:.8em;text-overflow:ellipsis;white-space:nowrap}.parsely-recommendations-cardmedia{padding:.8em .8em 0}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/mediaelementplayer-legacy.min.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-mediaelement-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/mediaelement/wp-mediaelement.min.css' media='all' /> <style id='jetpack-sharing-buttons-style-inline-css'>.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:flex;flex-direction:row;flex-wrap:wrap;gap:0;list-style-type:none;margin:5px;padding:0}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-small-icon-size{font-size:12px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-normal-icon-size{font-size:16px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-large-icon-size{font-size:24px}.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-huge-icon-size{font-size:36px}@media print{.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list{display:none!important}}.editor-styles-wrapper .wp-block-jetpack-sharing-buttons{gap:0;padding-inline-start:0}ul.jetpack-sharing-buttons__services-list.has-background{padding:1.25em 2.375em}</style> <style id='classic-theme-styles-inline-css'>.wp-block-button__link{color:#fff;background-color:#32373c;border-radius:9999px;box-shadow:none;text-decoration:none;padding:calc(.667em + 2px) calc(1.333em + 2px);font-size:1.125em}.wp-block-file__button{background:#32373c;color:#fff;text-decoration:none}</style> <style id='global-styles-inline-css'>:root{--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--square: 1;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--4-3: 4/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-4: 3/4;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--3-2: 3/2;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--2-3: 2/3;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--16-9: 16/9;--wp--preset--aspect-ratio--9-16: 9/16;--wp--preset--color--black: #000000;--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray: #abb8c3;--wp--preset--color--white: #FFFFFF;--wp--preset--color--pale-pink: #f78da7;--wp--preset--color--vivid-red: #cf2e2e;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange: #ff6900;--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber: #fcb900;--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan: #7bdcb5;--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan: #00d084;--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue: #8ed1fc;--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue: #0693e3;--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple: #9b51e0;--wp--preset--color--primary: #18191a;--wp--preset--color--primary-variation: #000000;--wp--preset--color--secondary: #007dba;--wp--preset--color--secondary-variation: #005592;--wp--preset--color--dark-gray: #111111;--wp--preset--color--medium-gray: #767676;--wp--preset--color--light-gray: #EEEEEE;--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(6,147,227,1) 0%,rgb(155,81,224) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(122,220,180) 0%,rgb(0,208,130) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(252,185,0,1) 0%,rgba(255,105,0,1) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red: linear-gradient(135deg,rgba(255,105,0,1) 0%,rgb(207,46,46) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(238,238,238) 0%,rgb(169,184,195) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(74,234,220) 0%,rgb(151,120,209) 20%,rgb(207,42,186) 40%,rgb(238,44,130) 60%,rgb(251,105,98) 80%,rgb(254,248,76) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,206,236) 0%,rgb(152,150,240) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(254,205,165) 0%,rgb(254,45,45) 50%,rgb(107,0,62) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,203,112) 0%,rgb(199,81,192) 50%,rgb(65,88,208) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(255,245,203) 0%,rgb(182,227,212) 50%,rgb(51,167,181) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(202,248,128) 0%,rgb(113,206,126) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--midnight: linear-gradient(135deg,rgb(2,3,129) 0%,rgb(40,116,252) 100%);--wp--preset--gradient--grad-1: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 24,25,26) 0%,rgb( 0,0,0) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-2: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 0,125,186) 0%,rgb( 0,85,146) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-3: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 17,17,17 ) 0%,rgb( 85,85,85 ) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-4: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 68,68,68 ) 0%,rgb( 136,136,136 ) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-5: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 119,119,119 ) 0%,rgb( 221,221,221 ) 100% );--wp--preset--gradient--grad-6: linear-gradient( 135deg,rgb( 221,221,221 ) 0%,rgb( 255,255,255 ) 100% );--wp--preset--font-size--small: 16px;--wp--preset--font-size--medium: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--large: 36px;--wp--preset--font-size--x-large: 42px;--wp--preset--font-size--normal: 20px;--wp--preset--font-size--huge: 44px;--wp--preset--spacing--20: 0.44rem;--wp--preset--spacing--30: 0.67rem;--wp--preset--spacing--40: 1rem;--wp--preset--spacing--50: 1.5rem;--wp--preset--spacing--60: 2.25rem;--wp--preset--spacing--70: 3.38rem;--wp--preset--spacing--80: 5.06rem;--wp--preset--shadow--natural: 6px 6px 9px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--deep: 12px 12px 50px rgba(0,0,0,0.4);--wp--preset--shadow--sharp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,0.2);--wp--preset--shadow--outlined: 6px 6px 0px -3px rgba(255,255,255,1),6px 6px rgba(0,0,0,1);--wp--preset--shadow--crisp: 6px 6px 0px rgba(0,0,0,1);}:where(.is-layout-flex){gap: 0.5em;}:where(.is-layout-grid){gap: 0.5em;}body .is-layout-flex{display: flex;}.is-layout-flex{flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;}.is-layout-flex > :is(*,div){margin: 0;}body .is-layout-grid{display: grid;}.is-layout-grid > :is(*,div){margin: 0;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}.has-black-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-color{color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-background-color{background-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-black-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--black) !important;}.has-cyan-bluish-gray-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-white-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--white) !important;}.has-pale-pink-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-pink) !important;}.has-vivid-red-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-red) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--luminous-vivid-amber) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--light-green-cyan) !important;}.has-vivid-green-cyan-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-pale-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--pale-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-cyan-blue) !important;}.has-vivid-purple-border-color{border-color: var(--wp--preset--color--vivid-purple) !important;}.has-vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--vivid-cyan-blue-to-vivid-purple) !important;}.has-light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--light-green-cyan-to-vivid-green-cyan) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-amber-to-luminous-vivid-orange) !important;}.has-luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-vivid-orange-to-vivid-red) !important;}.has-very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--very-light-gray-to-cyan-bluish-gray) !important;}.has-cool-to-warm-spectrum-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--cool-to-warm-spectrum) !important;}.has-blush-light-purple-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-light-purple) !important;}.has-blush-bordeaux-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--blush-bordeaux) !important;}.has-luminous-dusk-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--luminous-dusk) !important;}.has-pale-ocean-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--pale-ocean) !important;}.has-electric-grass-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--electric-grass) !important;}.has-midnight-gradient-background{background: var(--wp--preset--gradient--midnight) !important;}.has-small-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--small) !important;}.has-medium-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--medium) !important;}.has-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--large) !important;}.has-x-large-font-size{font-size: var(--wp--preset--font-size--x-large) !important;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-flex){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-post-template.is-layout-grid){gap: 1.25em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-flex){gap: 2em;}:where(.wp-block-columns.is-layout-grid){gap: 2em;}:root :where(.wp-block-pullquote){font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.6;}</style> <link rel="stylesheet" id="admin_eos_current_issue_wide_css-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/eos_required/eos_current_issue_wide/css/currentIssueWide.css?ver=6.7.2"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="newspack-ads-media-kit-frontend-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-ads/dist/media-kit-frontend.css?ver=1737396214"> <link rel="stylesheet" id="newspack-ads-frontend-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-ads/includes/../dist/frontend.css?ver=1737396214"> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-blocks-block-styles-stylesheet-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/block_styles.css?ver=4.6.0' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-newsletters-subscriptions-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-newsletters/includes/../dist/subscriptions.css?ver=1739815486' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='wp-components-css' href='https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/css/dist/components/style.min.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-commons-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/commons.css?ver=5.13.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-admin-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/admin.css?ver=5.13.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-reader-auth-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/reader-auth.css?ver=5.13.5' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-ui-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/newspack-ui.css?ver=5.13.5' media='all' /> <link rel="stylesheet" id="mc4wp-form-basic-css" media="all" data-pmdelayedstyle="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/mailchimp-for-wp/assets/css/form-basic.css?ver=4.10.1"> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-style-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-scott/style.css?ver=2.5.0' media='all' /> <style id='newspack-style-inline-css'>.cat-links:not(.sponsor-label){clip: rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);height: 1px;position: absolute;overflow: hidden;width: 1px;}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-print-style-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/styles/print.css?ver=2.5.0' media='print' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-font-import-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/cache/perfmatters/eos.org/fonts/2855427d3001.google-fonts.min.css' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-sponsors-style-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/styles/newspack-sponsors.css?ver=2.5.0' media='all' /> <style id='akismet-widget-style-inline-css'>.a-stats{--akismet-color-mid-green: #357b49;--akismet-color-white: #fff;--akismet-color-light-grey: #f6f7f7;max-width: 350px;width: auto;}.a-stats *{all: unset;box-sizing: border-box;}.a-stats strong{font-weight: 600;}.a-stats a.a-stats__link,.a-stats a.a-stats__link:visited,.a-stats a.a-stats__link:active{background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green);border: none;box-shadow: none;border-radius: 8px;color: var(--akismet-color-white);cursor: pointer;display: block;font-family: -apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,'Segoe UI','Roboto','Oxygen-Sans','Ubuntu','Cantarell','Helvetica Neue',sans-serif;font-weight: 500;padding: 12px;text-align: center;text-decoration: none;transition: all 0.2s ease;}.widget .a-stats a.a-stats__link:focus{background: var(--akismet-color-mid-green);color: var(--akismet-color-white);text-decoration: none;}.a-stats a.a-stats__link:hover{filter: brightness(110%);box-shadow: 0 4px 12px rgba(0,0,0,0.06),0 0 2px rgba(0,0,0,0.16);}.a-stats .count{color: var(--akismet-color-white);display: block;font-size: 1.5em;line-height: 1.4;padding: 0 13px;white-space: nowrap;}</style> <link rel='stylesheet' id='sharedaddy-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/modules/sharedaddy/sharing.css?ver=14.4-a.3' media='all' /> <link rel='stylesheet' id='social-logos-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/_inc/social-logos/social-logos.min.css?ver=14.4-a.3' media='all' /> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery.min.js" id="jquery-core-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/jquery/jquery-migrate.min.js" id="jquery-migrate-js"></script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/eos_required/eos_advertisement/js/widget.js?ver=1418014800" id="advertisement-widget-script-js" defer></script> <!-- Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <!-- Google Analytics snippet added by Site Kit --> <script src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-56WXWK14ET" id="google_gtagjs-js" async type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="google_gtagjs-js-after" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];function gtag(){dataLayer.push(arguments);} gtag("set","linker",{"domains":["eos.org"]}); gtag("js", new Date()); gtag("set", "developer_id.dZTNiMT", true); gtag("config", "G-56WXWK14ET"); </script> <!-- End Google tag (gtag.js) snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="https://api.w.org/" href="https://eos.org/wp-json/" /><link rel="alternate" title="JSON" type="application/json" href="https://eos.org/wp-json/wp/v2/pages/163845" /><link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" title="RSD" href="https://eos.org/xmlrpc.php?rsd" /> <link rel='shortlink' href='https://eos.org/?p=163845' /> <!-- Custom Logo: hide header text --> <style id="custom-logo-css">.site-title{position: absolute;clip: rect(1px,1px,1px,1px);}</style> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (JSON)" type="application/json+oembed" href="https://eos.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Feos.org%2Fabout-eos" /> <link rel="alternate" title="oEmbed (XML)" type="text/xml+oembed" href="https://eos.org/wp-json/oembed/1.0/embed?url=https%3A%2F%2Feos.org%2Fabout-eos&format=xml" /> <!-- start Simple Custom CSS and JS --> <style>.page .jp-relatedposts{display: none !important;}</style> <!-- end Simple Custom CSS and JS --> <script src="//eos.org/wp-content/uploads/custom-css-js/207907.js?v=2516" defer></script> <meta name="generator" content="Site Kit by Google 1.146.0" /> <script data-amp-plus-allowed> if ('serviceWorker' in navigator && navigator.serviceWorker.controller) { navigator.serviceWorker.controller.postMessage('newspack-reset-request-count'); navigator.serviceWorker.controller.postMessage('newspack-nonce-bb6fc9a68a'); navigator.serviceWorker.controller.postMessage('newspack-version-1'); } </script> <style>.jetpack-instant-search__widget-area{display: block !important;}</style> <link rel="manifest" href="https://eos.org/wp-json/wp/v2/web-app-manifest"> <meta name="theme-color" content="#fff"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <meta name="mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes"> <link rel="apple-touch-startup-image" href="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/cropped-AGU-Logo_50x50.png?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1"> <meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-title" content="Eos"> <meta name="application-name" content="Eos"> <style>img#wpstats{display:none}</style> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"WebPage","headline":"About Eos","url":"http:\/\/eos.org\/about-eos","mainEntityOfPage":{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"http:\/\/eos.org\/about-eos"},"thumbnailUrl":"","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":""},"articleSection":"Uncategorized","author":[{"@type":"Person","name":"Faith Ishii"}],"creator":["Faith Ishii"],"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Eos","logo":"https:\/\/eos.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/09\/Eos_Black_logo.png"},"keywords":[],"dateCreated":"2021-09-17T20:42:24Z","datePublished":"2021-09-17T20:42:24Z","dateModified":"2024-09-13T17:20:04Z"}</script> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-colors-scott">.mobile-sidebar .article-section-title::before,.mobile-sidebar .accent-header::before{background-color: #e1e1e1;}.h-sb .middle-header-contain{background-color: #ffffff;}.h-sb .top-header-contain{background-color: #f5f5f5;border-bottom-color: #f0f0f0;}.h-sb .site-header,.h-sb .site-title,.h-sb .site-title a:link,.h-sb .site-title a:visited,.h-sb .site-description,.h-sb.h-sh .nav1 .main-menu > li,.h-sb.h-sh .nav1 ul.main-menu > li > a,.h-sb.h-sh .nav1 ul.main-menu > li > a:hover,.h-sb .top-header-contain,.h-sb .middle-header-contain{color: black;}#colophon,#colophon .widget-title,#colophon .social-navigation a,#colophon .widgettitle{color: white;}#colophon .footer-branding .wrapper,#colophon .footer-widgets:first-child{border: 0;}.site-footer .accent-header::before,.site-footer .article-section-title::before{background-color: #040506;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-fonts-scott"></style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-colors">:root{--newspack-theme-color-primary: #18191a;--newspack-theme-color-primary-variation: #000000;--newspack-theme-color-secondary: #007dba !important;--newspack-theme-color-secondary-variation: #005592;--newspack-theme-color-primary-darken-5: #131415;--newspack-theme-color-primary-darken-10: #0e0f10;--newspack-theme-color-primary-against-white: #18191a;--newspack-theme-color-secondary-against-white: #007dba;--newspack-theme-color-primary-variation-against-white: #000000;--newspack-theme-color-secondary-variation-against-white: #005592;--newspack-theme-color-against-primary: white;--newspack-theme-color-against-secondary: white;}input[type="checkbox"]::before{background-image: url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 24 24' width='24' height='24'%3E%3Cpath d='M16.7 7.1l-6.3 8.5-3.3-2.5-.9 1.2 4.5 3.4L17.9 8z' fill='white'%3E%3C/path%3E%3C/svg%3E");}.mobile-sidebar{background: #ffffff;}.mobile-sidebar,.mobile-sidebar button:hover,.mobile-sidebar a,.mobile-sidebar a:visited,.mobile-sidebar .nav1 .sub-menu > li > a,.mobile-sidebar .nav1 ul.main-menu > li > a,.mobile-sidebar .nav3 a{color: black;}.h-sb .bottom-header-contain{background: #111111;}.h-sb .bottom-header-contain .nav1 .main-menu > li,.h-sb .bottom-header-contain .nav1 .main-menu > li > a,.h-sb .bottom-header-contain #search-toggle{color: white;}.site-footer{background: #18191a;}.site-footer,.site-footer a,.site-footer a:hover,.site-footer .widget-title,.site-footer .widgettitle,.site-info{color: white;}.site-footer a:hover,.site-footer .widget a:hover{opacity: 0.7;}.site-info .widget-area .wrapper,.site-info .site-info-contain:first-child{border-top-color: #040506;}.button.mb-cta,.button.mb-cta:not(:hover):visited,.tribe_community_edit .button.mb-cta{background-color: #007dba;color: white;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="newspack-theme-colors-variables">:root{--newspack-primary-color: #18191a;--newspack-secondary-color: #007dba;--newspack-cta-color: #007dba;--newspack-header-color: #ffffff;--newspack-primary-menu-color: #111111;--newspack-footer-color: #18191a;--newspack-primary-contrast-color: white;--newspack-secondary-contrast-color: white;--newspack-cta-contrast-color: white;--newspack-header-contrast-color: black;--newspack-primary-menu-contrast-color: white;--newspack-footer-contrast-color: white;}</style> <style type="text/css" id="custom-theme-fonts">:root{--newspack-theme-font-heading: "ProximaCond","Helvetica","sans-serif";}:root{--newspack-theme-font-body: "Merriweather","Georgia","serif";}</style> <style>.sponsor-label .flag,amp-script .sponsor-label .flag{background: #FED850;color: black;}</style> <!-- Google AdSense meta tags added by Site Kit --> <meta name="google-adsense-platform-account" content="ca-host-pub-2644536267352236"> <meta name="google-adsense-platform-domain" content="sitekit.withgoogle.com"> <!-- End Google AdSense meta tags added by Site Kit --> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/vendor/fastclick/pmfastclick.min.js" defer></script><script>"addEventListener"in document&&document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",function(){FastClick.attach(document.body)},!1);</script> <!-- Google AdSense snippet added by Site Kit --> <script async src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js?client=ca-pub-8536418659933563&host=ca-host-pub-2644536267352236" crossorigin="anonymous" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <!-- End Google AdSense snippet added by Site Kit --> <link rel="icon" href="https://eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/cropped-AGU-Logo_50x50-80x80.png?crop=1" sizes="32x32" /> <link rel="icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/cropped-AGU-Logo_50x50.png?fit=192%2C192&ssl=1" sizes="192x192" /> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/cropped-AGU-Logo_50x50.png?fit=180%2C180&ssl=1" /> <meta name="msapplication-TileImage" content="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/cropped-AGU-Logo_50x50.png?fit=270%2C270&ssl=1" /> <script type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> ( function() { // Load GA script if not yet found if ( 'undefined' === typeof gtag ) { var element = document.createElement( 'script' ); element.src = 'https://www.googletagmanager.com/gtag/js?id=G-WCB5CPNSNW'; element.async = true; document.head.appendChild( element ); window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || []; window.gtag = function() { window.dataLayer.push( arguments ) }; gtag( 'js', new Date() ); } gtag( 'config', 'G-WCB5CPNSNW' ); } )(); </script> <style id="wp-custom-css">@font-face{font-family: ProximaRegular;src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNovaRegular.otf');font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;}@font-face{font-family: ProximaRegular;src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNovaRegular-Italic.otf');font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;}@font-face{font-family: ProximaRegular;src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNova-Semibold.otf');font-weight: 600;font-style: normal;}@font-face{font-family: ProximaRegular;src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNova-Semibold-Italic.otf');font-weight: 600;font-style: italic;}@font-face{font-family: 'ProximaCond';src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNovaCondensed-Regular.otf');font-weight: 400;font-style: normal;}@font-face{font-family: 'ProximaCond';src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNovaCondensed-Regular-Italic.otf');font-weight: 400;font-style: italic;}@font-face{font-family: 'ProximaCond';src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNovaCondensed-Semibold.otf');font-weight: 600;font-style: normal;}@font-face{font-family: 'ProximaCond';src: url( '/wp-content/uploads/eos-fonts/ProximaNovaCondensed-Semibold-Italic.otf');font-weight: 600;font-style: italic;}.page-subtitle,.cat-links{text-transform: uppercase;}.wp-block-group .wp-block-group__inner-container > h5 + h6{margin-top: -20px;}.entry-content p{font-size: 16px;}@media (min-width: 782px){.entry-content p,.entry-content li{font-size: 18px;}}.entry-content .has-small-font-size{font-size: 0.8em;}.entry-content .has-large-font-size{font-size: 1.4em;}.entry-content .has-huge-font-size,.entry-content .has-x-large-font-size{font-size: 1.8em;}.entry-content a{color: #007DBA;}.nav2,.nav1 .main-menu > li,.nav3,.desktop-menu-toggle{text-transform: uppercase;}.h-sb .top-header-contain{color: #888;}.site-header{border-bottom: 1px solid #111}.site-header .nav1{font-size: 0.8rem;}.nav1 .main-menu > li.menu-item-has-children .submenu-expand{top: -3px;position: relative;}.h-sb .bottom-header-contain{padding: 0.25em 0;}.nav3 .menu-highlight a{background: #007DBA;border: 0;color: #fff;font-size: 0.8rem;}.site-branding{align-items: flex-end;}.site-description{font-family: 'Merriweather',serif;}@media (min-width: 782px){.site-description{font-size: 1.1rem;}}@media screen and (max-width: 781px){.h-cta .site-header .custom-logo-link{max-width: 80px;}}.social-links-menu li a svg{height: 20px;width: 20px;}.accent-header:not(.widget-title)::before,.article-section-title::before,.cat-links::before,.page-title::before,.site-breadcrumb .wrapper > span::before{display: none;}.accent-header,.accent-header:not(.widget-title),.article-section-title{border-bottom: 1px solid currentColor;color: #111;font-size: 1.25rem;padding-bottom: 0.25rem;position: relative;text-transform: none;}.accent-header:after,.article-section-title:after{background: url('/wp-content/uploads/2021/07/title-bubbles.png' );bottom: -10px;display: block;content: '';height: 19px;position: absolute;right: 0;width: 56px;}.home-cta .wp-block-columns .wp-block-column > *{margin-bottom: 12px;margin-top: 12px;}.byline .author:nth-last-child(2):not(:nth-child(2)):after{content: ',';}.byline .author-prefix,.single .entry-header .byline > span:first-child{text-transform: capitalize;}.single .entry-header .author-avatar{display: none;}.newspack-front-page .entry .entry-content .wp-block-group.alignfull > div > .wp-block-columns:not(.alignfull):not(.alignwide){max-width: 1232px}@media (max-width: 782px){.newspack-front-page .entry-content > .wp-block-columns{display: block;}}.wp-block-button__link,.button,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"]{border-radius: 0;text-transform: uppercase;}.wp-block-button:not(.is-style-outline) .wp-block-button__link:not(.has-text-color):not(:hover),.button,.button:visited,button,input[type="button"],input[type="reset"],input[type="submit"],.button.mb-cta,.button.mb-cta:not(:hover):visited{color: #fff;}@media (min-width: 782px){.wp-block-buttons > .wp-block-button{margin-bottom: 0;}}.wp-block-separator,hr{border-color: #111;}.entry .entry-content > .wp-block-separator,.entry .entry-content > hr{margin-top: 32px;margin-bottom: 32px;}.archive.category-current-issues article .byline,.single.cat-current-issues .entry-header .byline,.search .category-current-issues .byline{display: none;}.error-404 .page-content:after{background-image: url('/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/eos-error-page.png');background-repeat: no-repeat;background-size: contain;content: '';display: block;margin-top: 1rem;padding-bottom: 47%;}.error-404 .page-title{display: none;}.above-footer-widgets .wrapper{background: #eee;padding: 10px 20px;display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;}.site-footer .widget,.above-footer-widgets .widget{margin-bottom: 0;}.site-footer .footer-widgets p{margin: 0;}.site-footer .footer-widgets .widget amp-img{margin: 6px 2rem 2rem 0;}@media (min-width: 782px){.above-footer-widgets .widget{width: 30%;}.site-footer .footer-widgets .widget{min-width: calc( 20% - 2rem)}.site-footer .footer-widgets .widget:first-of-type{min-width: calc( 60% - 2rem);}}.above-footer-widgets .widget:first-of-type{width: 100%;}.widget_block .widget{font-size: inherit;}.site-info .imprint{display: none;}@media print{.above-footer-widgets,amp-iframe[src^="https://automattic.github.io/newspack-disqus-amp/comment-loader.html"],iframe[src^="https://automattic.github.io/newspack-disqus-amp/comment-loader.html"]{display: none;}.site-info,.site-info a{color: #111;}}.single .category-rtl .entry-header,.single .category-rtl .main-content,.single .category-rtl #secondary{direction: rtl;}.single .category-rtl .entry-header .posted-on,.single .category-rtl .jp-relatedposts,.single .category-rtl .entry-footer,.single .category-rtl .comments-area,.single .category-rtl .author-bio{direction: ltr;}.single .category-rtl .sd-content ul li.share-end{margin: 0;}@media only screen and (min-width: 782px){.single .category-rtl .featured-image-beside .entry-header .entry-meta .byline{margin-left: 1rem;margin-right: 0;}}.single .category-rtl .featured-image-behind .entry-meta .byline{margin-left: 1rem;margin-right: 0;}.single .category-rtl .wpnbha.has-text-align-left{text-align: right;}@media only screen and (min-width: 782px){.single.single-featured-image-default .category-rtl .byline,.single.single-featured-image-above .category-rtl .byline{margin-right: 0;margin-left: 1.5rem;}}.single .category-rtl .entry-meta .author-avatar:not(:empty){float: right;margin-right: 0;margin-left: 0.5rem;}.single .category-rtl figcaption{text-align: right;}.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote blockquote p:first-of-type::before{content: "”";}.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote blockquote p:first-of-type::before{left: calc(50% - 0.4em);}.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote cite::before{margin-left: 0.25rem;margin-right: 0;}.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote.alignleft,.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote.alignright{text-align: right;}.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote.alignleft blockquote::before,.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote.alignright blockquote::before{right: 2.5em;left: 15%;}.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote.alignleft p:first-of-type::before,.single .category-rtl .wp-block-pullquote.alignright p:first-of-type::before{left: auto;right: 0;text-align: right width: 0.5em;}.page-id-208019{background-color: #edf9d6;}.page-id-212831{background-color: #eef8ff;}</style> <noscript><style>.perfmatters-lazy[data-src]{display:none !important;}</style></noscript><style>.perfmatters-lazy-youtube{position:relative;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:0;padding-bottom:56.23%;overflow:hidden}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube img{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;display:block;width:100%;max-width:100%;height:auto;margin:auto;border:none;cursor:pointer;transition:.5s all;-webkit-transition:.5s all;-moz-transition:.5s all}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube img:hover{-webkit-filter:brightness(75%)}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube .play{position:absolute;top:50%;left:50%;right:auto;width:68px;height:48px;margin-left:-34px;margin-top:-24px;background:url(https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/img/youtube.svg) no-repeat;background-position:center;background-size:cover;pointer-events:none;filter:grayscale(1)}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube:hover .play{filter:grayscale(0)}.perfmatters-lazy-youtube iframe{position:absolute;top:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;z-index:99}.wp-has-aspect-ratio .wp-block-embed__wrapper{position:relative;}.wp-has-aspect-ratio .perfmatters-lazy-youtube{position:absolute;top:0;right:0;bottom:0;left:0;width:100%;height:100%;padding-bottom:0}</style></head> <body class="page-template-default page page-id-163845 wp-custom-logo wp-embed-responsive jps-theme-newspack-scott singular hide-homepage-title hide-site-tagline h-nsub h-sb h-ll h-dh h-cta has-tertiary-menu has-sidebar af-widget has-summary footer-logo-small newspack--font-loading categories-hidden" data-amp-auto-lightbox-disable> <style>@media ( min-width: 728px ){.newspack_global_ad.global_above_header{min-height: 90px;}}</style> <div class='newspack_global_ad global_above_header fixed-height'> <!-- /79039190/Eos_1.0_Leaderboard_ATF_728x90 --><div id='div-gpt-ad-c03fe22906-0'></div> </div> <aside id="mobile-sidebar-fallback" class="mobile-sidebar"> <button class="mobile-menu-toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> Close </button> <nav class="tertiary-menu nav3" aria-label="Tertiary Menu" toolbar-target="tertiary-nav-contain" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> </nav> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://eos.org/"> <label for="search-form-1"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-form-1" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search </span> </button> </form> <nav class="main-navigation nav1 dd-menu" aria-label="Top Menu" toolbar-target="site-navigation" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-primary-navigation" class="main-menu"><li id="menu-item-165034" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-163845 current_page_item menu-item-165034"><a href="https://eos.org/about-eos" aria-current="page">About</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163889" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-163889"><a href="https://eos.org/special-reports">Sections</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163817" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163817"><a>Topics</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState163817 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState163817 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState163817: !setState163817 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-163817"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState163817 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-169285" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-169285"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/climate">Climate</a></li> <li id="menu-item-167299" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167299"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/earth-science">Earth Science</a></li> <li id="menu-item-167300" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167300"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/oceans">Oceans</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163811" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163811"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/space-planets">Space & Planets</a></li> <li id="menu-item-167309" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167309"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/health-ecosystems">Health & Ecosystems</a></li> <li id="menu-item-167375" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167375"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/culture-policy">Culture & Policy</a></li> <li id="menu-item-167304" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167304"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/education-and-careers">Education & Careers</a></li> <li id="menu-item-164986" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-164986"><a href="https://eos.org/opinions">Opinions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-163821" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163821"><a href="#">Projects</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState163821 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState163821 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState163821: !setState163821 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-163821"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState163821 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li id="menu-item-163816" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163816"><a href="https://eos.org/engage">ENGAGE</a></li> <li id="menu-item-221427" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221427"><a href="https://eos.org/ed-highlights">Editors’ Highlights</a></li> <li id="menu-item-221424" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221424"><a href="https://eos.org/ed-vox">Editors’ Vox</a></li> <li id="menu-item-220593" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-220593"><a href="https://eos.org/landslide-blog">The Landslide Blog</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163819" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163819"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/eos-en-espanol"><em>Eos</em> en Español</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163820" class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163820"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/eos-simplified-chinese"><em>Eos</em> 简体中文版</a></li> <li id="menu-item-177328" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-177328"><a href="https://eos.org/archive-2025">Print Archive</a></li> </ul> </li> <li id="menu-item-163822" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163822"><a href="https://eos.org/newsletters">Newsletter</a></li> <li id="menu-item-165032" class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-165032"><a href="https://eos.org/submit">Submit to <em>Eos</em></a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="secondary-menu nav2 dd-menu" aria-label="Secondary Menu" toolbar-target="secondary-nav-contain" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-header-utility-navigation" class="secondary-menu"><li id="menu-item-163798" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163798"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.agu.org/">AGU.org</a></li> <li id="menu-item-180653" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-180653"><a href="https://findajob.agu.org/jobs/">Career Center</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163802" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163802"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.agu.org/Join">Join AGU</a></li> <li id="menu-item-163803" class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163803"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.agu.org/Give-to-AGU/Giving">Give to AGU</a></li> </ul> </nav> <nav class="social-navigation" aria-label="Social Links Menu" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)" toolbar-target="social-nav-contain"> </nav><!-- .social-navigation --> </aside> <aside id="desktop-sidebar-fallback" class="desktop-sidebar dir-left"> <button class="desktop-menu-toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> Close </button> <section id="nav_menu-6" class="below-content widget widget_nav_menu"><div class="menu-primary-navigation-container"><ul id="menu-primary-navigation-1" class="menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-163845 current_page_item menu-item-165034"><a href="https://eos.org/about-eos" aria-current="page">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-163889"><a href="https://eos.org/special-reports">Sections</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163817"><a>Topics</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-169285"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/climate">Climate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167299"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/earth-science">Earth Science</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167300"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/oceans">Oceans</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163811"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/space-planets">Space & Planets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167309"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/health-ecosystems">Health & Ecosystems</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167375"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/culture-policy">Culture & Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167304"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/education-and-careers">Education & Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-164986"><a href="https://eos.org/opinions">Opinions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163821"><a href="#">Projects</a> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163816"><a href="https://eos.org/engage">ENGAGE</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221427"><a href="https://eos.org/ed-highlights">Editors’ Highlights</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221424"><a href="https://eos.org/ed-vox">Editors’ Vox</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-220593"><a href="https://eos.org/landslide-blog">The Landslide Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163819"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/eos-en-espanol"><em>Eos</em> en Español</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163820"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/eos-simplified-chinese"><em>Eos</em> 简体中文版</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-177328"><a href="https://eos.org/archive-2025">Print Archive</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163822"><a href="https://eos.org/newsletters">Newsletter</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-165032"><a href="https://eos.org/submit">Submit to <em>Eos</em></a></li> </ul></div></section> </aside> <div id="page" class="site"> <a class="skip-link screen-reader-text" href="#main">Skip to content</a> <header id="masthead" class="site-header hide-header-search" [class]="searchVisible ? 'show-header-search site-header ' : 'hide-header-search site-header'"> <div class="top-header-contain desktop-only"> <div class="wrapper"> <button class="desktop-menu-toggle" on="tap:desktop-sidebar.toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z" /></svg> <span>Menu</span> </button> <div id="secondary-nav-contain"> <nav class="secondary-menu nav2 dd-menu" aria-label="Secondary Menu" toolbar-target="secondary-nav-contain" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-header-utility-navigation-1" class="secondary-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163798"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.agu.org/">AGU.org</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-180653"><a href="https://findajob.agu.org/jobs/">Career Center</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163802"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.agu.org/Join">Join AGU</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163803"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.agu.org/Give-to-AGU/Giving">Give to AGU</a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div id="social-nav-contain"> <nav class="social-navigation" aria-label="Social Links Menu" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)" toolbar-target="social-nav-contain"> </nav><!-- .social-navigation --> </div> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </div><!-- .top-header-contain --> <div class="middle-header-contain"> <div class="wrapper"> <div class="site-branding"> <style>.site-header .custom-logo{height: 74px;max-height: 540px;max-width: 600px;width: 145px;}@media (max-width: 781px){.site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 127px;max-height: 65px;}}@media (min-width: 782px){.h-stk:not(.h-sub) .site-header .custom-logo{max-height: 90px;max-width: 176px;}.h-sub .site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 118px;max-height: 60px;}}@media (max-width: 1199px) and (min-width: 782px){.h-stk.h-cl:not(.h-sub) .site-header .custom-logo{max-width: 100%;width: auto;}}</style><a href="https://eos.org/" class="custom-logo-link" rel="home"><img data-perfmatters-preload width="1056" height="540" src="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?fit=1056%2C540&ssl=1" class="custom-logo" alt="Eos" decoding="async" fetchpriority="high" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?w=1056&ssl=1 1056w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=480%2C245&ssl=1 480w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=1024%2C524&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=768%2C393&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=400%2C205&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?resize=706%2C361&ssl=1 706w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Eos_Black_logo.png?fit=1056%2C540&ssl=1&w=370 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1056px) 100vw, 1056px" /></a> <div class="site-identity"> <p class="site-title"><a href="https://eos.org/" rel="home">Eos</a></p> <p class="site-description"> Science News by AGU </p> </div><!-- .site-identity --> </div><!-- .site-branding --> <div class="nav-wrapper desktop-only"> <div id="tertiary-nav-contain"> <nav class="tertiary-menu nav3" aria-label="Tertiary Menu" toolbar-target="tertiary-nav-contain" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> </nav> </div><!-- #tertiary-nav-contain --> </div><!-- .nav-wrapper --> <a class="button mb-cta" href="https://eos.org/newsletters" target="_blank">Sign Up for Newsletter</a> <button class="mobile-menu-toggle" on="tap:mobile-sidebar.toggle"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="20" height="20" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /><path d="M3 18h18v-2H3v2zm0-5h18v-2H3v2zm0-7v2h18V6H3z" /></svg> <span>Menu</span> </button> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </div><!-- .middle-header-contain --> <div class="bottom-header-contain desktop-only"> <div class="wrapper"> <div id="site-navigation"> <nav class="main-navigation nav1 dd-menu" aria-label="Top Menu" toolbar-target="site-navigation" toolbar="(min-width: 767px)"> <ul id="menu-primary-navigation-2" class="main-menu"><li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page current-menu-item page_item page-item-163845 current_page_item menu-item-165034"><a href="https://eos.org/about-eos" aria-current="page">About</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-163889"><a href="https://eos.org/special-reports">Sections</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163817"><a>Topics</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState163817 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState163817 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState163817: !setState163817 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-163817"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState163817 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-169285"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/climate">Climate</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167299"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/earth-science">Earth Science</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167300"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/oceans">Oceans</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163811"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/space-planets">Space & Planets</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167309"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/health-ecosystems">Health & Ecosystems</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167375"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/culture-policy">Culture & Policy</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-167304"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/education-and-careers">Education & Careers</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-category menu-item-164986"><a href="https://eos.org/opinions">Opinions</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-has-children menu-item-163821"><a href="#">Projects</a><button aria-expanded="false" class="submenu-expand" [class]="setState163821 ? 'submenu-expand open-dropdown' : 'submenu-expand'" [aria-expanded]="setState163821 ? 'true' : 'false'" on="tap:AMP.setState( { setState163821: !setState163821 } )" aria-haspopup="true" data-toggle-parent-id="toggle-163821"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="24" height="24" aria-hidden="true" role="img" focusable="false" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M7.41 8.59L12 13.17l4.59-4.58L18 10l-6 6-6-6 1.41-1.41z"></path><path fill="none" d="M0 0h24v24H0V0z"></path></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="setState163821 ? 'Close dropdown menu' : 'Open dropdown menu'">Open dropdown menu</span> </button> <ul class="sub-menu"> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163816"><a href="https://eos.org/engage">ENGAGE</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221427"><a href="https://eos.org/ed-highlights">Editors’ Highlights</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-221424"><a href="https://eos.org/ed-vox">Editors’ Vox</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-220593"><a href="https://eos.org/landslide-blog">The Landslide Blog</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163819"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/eos-en-espanol"><em>Eos</em> en Español</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-taxonomy menu-item-object-post_tag menu-item-163820"><a href="https://eos.org/tag/eos-simplified-chinese"><em>Eos</em> 简体中文版</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-177328"><a href="https://eos.org/archive-2025">Print Archive</a></li> </ul> </li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-custom menu-item-object-custom menu-item-163822"><a href="https://eos.org/newsletters">Newsletter</a></li> <li class="menu-item menu-item-type-post_type menu-item-object-page menu-item-165032"><a href="https://eos.org/submit">Submit to <em>Eos</em></a></li> </ul> </nav> </div> <div class="header-search-contain"> <button id="search-toggle" on="tap:AMP.setState( { searchVisible: !searchVisible } ), search-form-2.focus" aria-controls="search-menu" [aria-expanded]="searchVisible ? 'true' : 'false'" aria-expanded="false"> <span class="screen-reader-text" [text]="searchVisible ? 'Close Search' : 'Open Search'"> Open Search </span> <span class="search-icon"><svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg></span> <span class="close-icon"><svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M19 6.41L17.59 5 12 10.59 6.41 5 5 6.41 10.59 12 5 17.59 6.41 19 12 13.41 17.59 19 19 17.59 13.41 12z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg></span> </button> <div id="header-search" [aria-expanded]="searchVisible ? 'true' : 'false'" aria-expanded="false"> <form role="search" method="get" class="search-form" action="https://eos.org/"> <label for="search-form-2"> <span class="screen-reader-text">Search for:</span> </label> <input type="search" id="search-form-2" class="search-field" placeholder="Search …" value="" name="s" /> <button type="submit" class="search-submit"> <svg class="svg-icon" width="28" height="28" aria-hidden="true" role="img" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path d="M15.5 14h-.79l-.28-.27C15.41 12.59 16 11.11 16 9.5 16 5.91 13.09 3 9.5 3S3 5.91 3 9.5 5.91 16 9.5 16c1.61 0 3.09-.59 4.23-1.57l.27.28v.79l5 4.99L20.49 19l-4.99-5zm-6 0C7.01 14 5 11.99 5 9.5S7.01 5 9.5 5 14 7.01 14 9.5 11.99 14 9.5 14z" /><path d="M0 0h24v24H0z" fill="none" /></svg> <span class="screen-reader-text"> Search </span> </button> </form> </div><!-- #header-search --> </div><!-- .header-search-contain --> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </div><!-- .bottom-header-contain --> </header><!-- #masthead --> <div class='newspack_global_ad global_below_header fixed-height'> </div> <div id="content" class="site-content"> <section id="primary" class="content-area"> <main id="main" class="site-main"> <header class="entry-header"> <h1 class="entry-title "> About <em>Eos</em> </h1> </header> <div class="main-content"> <article id="post-163845" class="post-163845 page type-page status-publish hentry entry"> <div class="entry-content"> <p><em>Eos </em>is the <a href="https://eos.org/eos-awards" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">award-winning</a> science news magazine published by <a href="https://www.agu.org/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">AGU</a>. </p> <p><a href="https://eos.org/contact" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Masthead / Contact Us</a></p> <p><a href="https://eos.org/advertise" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advertise with <em>Eos</em></a></p> <p><a href="https://eos.org/submit" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Submit an Article Proposal</a></p> <p><a href="https://eos.org/sitemap" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sitemap</a></p> <p>View the <em>Eos</em> print archive: <a href="https://eos.org/archive-2024" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">2014–Current</a>; <a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1002/%28ISSN%292324-9250/issues" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">1997–2014</a>; <a href="https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/23249250" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">1920–1996</a> (available to AGU members only).</p> <p>To receive the monthly print edition of <em>Eos</em>, <a href="https://www.agu.org/Join" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">become an AGU member today</a>. Or sign up for our <a href="https://eos.org/newsletters" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">free weekly e-newsletters</a> <em>Eos</em> Buzz and the <em>Eos</em> E-Alert. Submit an article proposal or news tip <a href="http://bit.ly/propose-an-article-to-Eos" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">here</a>.</p> <p><em>Eos</em> is a digital-first publication; articles that appear on Eos.org are the versions of record.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center"><strong>Copies and Citations </strong></h2> <p>Teachers, students, researchers, and libraries acting for these individuals are permitted to make copies of material in this publication for their own use in research or teaching, including multiple copies for classroom or library reserve use, provided such copies are not sold.</p> <p>Copying for sale is subject to payment or copying fees; contact eos@agu.org for such permissions. Permission is granted to use short quotes from <em>Eos</em> and to reproduce figures and tables for publication in scientific books, journals, blogs, and news articles, provided that the articles’ authors, <em>Eos,</em> and AGU are cited appropriately.</p> <p><em>Eos</em> citations appear at the end of each article and can be copied directly.</p> <h2 class="wp-block-heading has-text-align-center"><strong>Policies and Standards</strong></h2> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Ethics policy</strong></h3> <p><em>Eos</em> is published by AGU and thus abides by the organization’s <a href="https://www.agu.org/-/media/Files/Publications/Scientific-Integrity-and-Professional-Ethics.pdf" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Scientific Integrity and Professional Ethics Policy</a>, which governs all AGU members, staff, volunteers, and non-members participating in AGU sponsored programs and activities.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Verification and fact-checking standards</strong></h3> <p><em>Eos</em> writers have primary responsibility for reporting, writing, and fact-checking their stories and are expected to report information from primary or verified sources, with sufficient attribution. Articles are subject to review by one or more editors, who are expected to question reporters about inconsistencies, missing information, and other potential deficits before publication.</p> <p><em>Eos</em> staff editors and Science Advisers reserve the right to reject proposals or decline publication of manuscripts in progress for any reason.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Corrections policy</strong></h3> <p><em>Eos</em> strives to promptly address published errors. Scientific inaccuracies and factual errors will be corrected in a timely and transparent manner. When such a correction is necessary, the changes are made within the article and are noted at the end of the item. Minor errors of a grammatical, formatting, or typographical nature, including misspellings, may be corrected without being noted.</p> <p>If you believe that you have identified an error on <em>Eos</em>, please notify us by emailing <a href="mailto:eos@agu.org" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">eos@agu.org</a>.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><strong>Commenting policy</strong></h3> <p>Readers are encouraged to share thoughts and opinions in the comments sections of <em>Eos</em> articles. Personal attacks will not be permitted. Any criticism should relate to the content of the article in question.</p> <p>Posted comments, images, and/or external links do not represent the views of <em>Eos</em> or AGU, nor do they represent endorsement of any kind by <em>Eos</em> or AGU. <em>Eos</em> and AGU are not responsible for any content posted by users of the site.</p> <p><em>Eos</em> and AGU reserve the right to close or remove commenting. Repeated violations may cause the user or users to be blocked or permanently banned from Eos.org and other AGU activities, websites, and social media channels.</p> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://eos.org/privacy-policy" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Read AGU’s Master Privacy Policy</a> </h3> <h3 class="wp-block-heading"><a href="https://eos.org/terms-and-conditions" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Read AGU’s Terms and Conditions</a></h3> <p></p> </div><!-- .entry-content --> </article><!-- #post-163845 --> </div><!-- .main-content --> <aside id="secondary" class="widget-area"> <style>@media ( min-width: 160px ){.newspack_global_ad.sidebar_sidebar-1{min-height: 100px;}}</style> <div class='newspack_global_ad sidebar_sidebar-1 sidebar_sidebar-1-before hook-before stick-to-top fixed-height'> <!-- /79039190/Eos_1.0_Skyscrapper_160x600 --><div id='div-gpt-ad-95e9911661-0'></div> </div> <section id="block-48" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"><div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="aligncenter size-full is-resized"><a href="https://eos.org/agu24" target="_blank" rel=" noreferrer noopener"><img data-perfmatters-preload decoding="async" width="200" height="200" src="https://eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png" alt="A view of a Washington, D.C., skyline from the Potomac River at night. The Lincoln Memorial (at left) and the Washington Monument (at right) are lit against a purple sky. Over the water of the Potomac appear the text “#AGU24 coverage from Eos.”" class="wp-image-230843" style="width:200px" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?w=200&ssl=1 200w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?resize=80%2C80&ssl=1 80w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/12/sidebar.png?w=400&ssl=1 400w" sizes="(max-width: 200px) 100vw, 200px" /></a></figure></div></section></aside><!-- #secondary --> </main><!-- #main --> </section><!-- #primary --> <div class="above-footer-widgets"> <div class="wrapper"> <section id="block-47" class="above-footer widget widget_block"> <div class="wp-block-group has-light-gray-background-color has-background"><div class="wp-block-group__inner-container is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained"> <h4 class="wp-block-heading">Features from AGU Publications</h4> <div class="wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex"> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha ts-2 show-category has-text-align-left" style="" > <style id="newspack-blocks-inline-css" type="text/css">.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-title{font-size: 1.2em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .entry-meta{display: flex;flex-wrap: wrap;align-items: center;margin-top: 0.5em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .entry-meta{font-size: 0.8em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles article .avatar{height: 25px;width: 25px;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .post-thumbnail{margin: 0;margin-bottom: 0.25em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .post-thumbnail img{height: auto;width: 100%;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles .post-thumbnail figcaption{margin-bottom: 0.5em;}.wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles p{margin: 0.5em 0;}</style> <div data-posts data-current-post-id="163845"> <article data-post-id="232715" class="tag-agu-advances tag-cities tag-climate tag-climate-change tag-environmental-justice tag-health-ecosystems tag-minnesota tag-trees category-research-spotlights type-post post-has-image" > <div class="entry-wrapper"> <div class="cat-links "> <a href="https://eos.org/research-spotlights">Research Spotlights</a> </div> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://eos.org/research-spotlights/trees-can-cool-cities-but-only-with-a-little-help" rel="bookmark">Trees Can Cool Cities, But Only with a Little Help</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-14T10:15:24">14 February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-14T10:15:26-05:00">14 February 2025</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha ts-2 show-category has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="163845"> <article data-post-id="232560" class="tag-acoustics tag-earthquakes tag-hazards-disasters tag-journal-of-geophysical-research-solid-earth tag-seismology tag-tsunamis-storm-surges category-editor-highlights type-post post-has-image" > <div class="entry-wrapper"> <div class="cat-links "> <a href="https://eos.org/editor-highlights">Editors' Highlights</a> </div> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://eos.org/editor-highlights/t-waves-may-improve-tsunami-early-warning-systems" rel="bookmark">T-waves May Improve Tsunami Early Warning Systems</a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-17T09:00:00">17 February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-07T11:18:53-05:00">7 February 2025</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> </div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow"> <div class="wp-block-newspack-blocks-homepage-articles wpnbha ts-2 show-category has-text-align-left" style="" > <div data-posts data-current-post-id="163845"> <article data-post-id="232677" class="tag-agu-advances tag-diversity-equity-inclusion tag-early-career-researchers tag-notices-and-announcements tag-peer-review tag-publishing tag-sdgs category-editors-vox type-post post-has-image" > <div class="entry-wrapper"> <div class="cat-links "> <a href="https://eos.org/editors-vox">Editors' Vox</a> </div> <h2 class="entry-title"><a href="https://eos.org/editors-vox/editorial-handover-at-agu-advances" rel="bookmark">Editorial Handover at <em>AGU Advances</em></a></h2> <div class="entry-meta"> <time class="entry-date published" datetime="2025-02-12T08:38:07">12 February 2025</time><time class="updated" datetime="2025-02-12T08:38:09-05:00">12 February 2025</time> </div><!-- .entry-meta --> </div><!-- .entry-wrapper --> </article> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div></div> </section> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </div><!-- .above-footer-widgets --> <style>@media ( min-width: 728px ){.newspack_global_ad.global_above_footer{min-height: 90px;}}</style> <div class='newspack_global_ad global_above_footer fixed-height'> <!-- /79039190/Eos_1.0_Leaderboard_BTF_728x90 --><div id='div-gpt-ad-dc579464e0-0'></div> </div> <div class='newspack_global_ad sticky fixed-height'> <button class='newspack_sticky_ad__close'></button> </div> </div><!-- #content --> <footer id="colophon" class="site-footer"> <div class="footer-branding"> <div class="wrapper"> <a class="footer-logo-link" href="https://eos.org/" rel="home"> </a> <nav class="social-navigation" aria-label="Social Links Menu"> </nav><!-- .social-navigation --> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </div><!-- .footer-branding --> <aside class="widget-area footer-widgets" role="complementary" aria-label="Footer"> <div class="wrapper"> <section id="block-40" class="widget widget_block widget_media_image"><div class="wp-block-image"> <figure class="alignleft size-large"><img decoding="async" width="1024" height="131" src="https://eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023-1024x131.png" alt="Eos logo at left; AGU logo at right" class="wp-image-212334" srcset="https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023.png?resize=1024%2C131&ssl=1 1024w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023.png?resize=480%2C61&ssl=1 480w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023.png?resize=768%2C98&ssl=1 768w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023.png?resize=400%2C51&ssl=1 400w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023.png?w=1200&ssl=1 1200w, https://i0.wp.com/eos.org/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/logos-eos-agu-2023-1024x131.png?w=370&ssl=1 370w" sizes="(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px" /></figure></div></section><section id="text-9" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><div class="wp-block-group is-style-default"> <div class="wp-block-group__inner-container"> <div class="wp-block-columns"></div> </div> </div> <div class="wp-block-columns"> <div class="wp-block-column"> <p><a href="https://eos.org/about-eos" rel="noreferrer noopener">About<em> Eos</em></a><br /> <a href="https://eos.org/engage">ENGAGE</a><br /> <a href="https://eos.org/eos-awards">Awards</a><br /> <a href="https://eos.org/contact" rel="noreferrer noopener">Contact</a></p> </div> </div> </div> </section><section id="text-10" class="widget widget_text"> <div class="textwidget"><p><a href="https://eos.org/advertise" rel="noreferrer noopener">Advertise</a><br /> <a href="https://eos.org/submit" rel="noreferrer noopener">Submit</a><br /> <a href="https://findajob.agu.org/jobs/" rel="noreferrer noopener">Career Center</a><br /> <a href="https://eos.org/sitemap" rel="noreferrer noopener">Sitemap</a></p> </div> </section> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </aside><!-- .widget-area --> <div class="site-info"> <div class="wrapper site-info-contain"> <span class="copyright">© 2025 American Geophysical Union. All rights reserved</span> <a target="_blank" href="https://newspack.com/" class="imprint"> Powered by Newspack </a> </div><!-- .wrapper --> </div><!-- .site-info --> </footer><!-- #colophon --> </div><!-- #page --> <script type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1">(function(){var lazy_load ={"active":true,"fetch_margin_percent":100,"render_margin_percent":0,"mobile_scaling":2};googletag.cmd.push(function(){googletag.pubads().enableLazyLoad({fetchMarginPercent: lazy_load.fetch_margin_percent,renderMarginPercent: lazy_load.render_margin_percent,mobileScaling: lazy_load.mobile_scaling});});})();</script> <script type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1">(function(){var ad_config ={"network_code":"79039190","disable_initial_load":false};var all_ad_units ={"div-gpt-ad-c03fe22906-0":{"unique_id":"c03fe22906","name":"Above-the-fold banner","code":"Eos_1.0_Leaderboard_ATF_728x90","path":"","sizes":[[728,90]],"fluid":false,"fixed_height":{"active":true,"use_max_height":true,"max_height":100},"targeting":[],"sticky":false,"size_map":{"728":[[728,90]]},"bounds_selectors":[".wp-block-column",".entry-content",".sidebar",".widget-area"],"bounds_bleed":40},"div-gpt-ad-95e9911661-0":{"unique_id":"95e9911661","name":"Eos_1.0_Skyscrapper_160x600","code":"Eos_1.0_Skyscrapper_160x600","path":[],"sizes":[[160,600]],"fluid":false,"fixed_height":{"active":true,"use_max_height":true,"max_height":100},"targeting":[],"sticky":false,"size_map":{"160":[[160,600]]},"bounds_selectors":[".wp-block-column",".entry-content",".sidebar",".widget-area"],"bounds_bleed":40},"div-gpt-ad-dc579464e0-0":{"unique_id":"dc579464e0","name":"Below-the-fold banner","code":"Eos_1.0_Leaderboard_BTF_728x90","path":"","sizes":[[728,90]],"fluid":false,"fixed_height":{"active":true,"use_max_height":true,"max_height":100},"targeting":[],"sticky":false,"size_map":{"728":[[728,90]]},"bounds_selectors":[".wp-block-column",".entry-content",".sidebar",".widget-area"],"bounds_bleed":40}};var common_targeting ={"site":"eos.org","reader_status":[],"slug":"about-eos","author":["FIshii"],"post_type":"page","ID":163845};var defined_ad_units ={};var boundsContainers ={};function inOrPastViewport(element){var bounding = element.getBoundingClientRect();return(bounding.right <=(window.innerWidth || document.documentElement.clientWidth)&&bounding.bottom <=(window.innerHeight || document.documentElement.clientHeight));}for(var container_id in all_ad_units){var ad_unit = all_ad_units[ container_id ];var container = document.querySelector('#' + container_id);if(! container){continue;}ad_unit.in_viewport = inOrPastViewport(container);container.ad_unit = ad_unit;var boundsWidth = 0;findContainer: for(var i = 0;i < ad_unit['bounds_selectors'].length;i++){var selector = ad_unit['bounds_selectors'][ i ];if(typeof boundsContainers[ selector ] === 'undefined'){boundsContainers[ selector ] = document.querySelectorAll(selector);}if(boundsContainers[ selector ].length){for(var j = 0;j < boundsContainers[ selector ].length;j++){var boundsContainer = boundsContainers[ selector ][ j ];if(boundsContainer.contains(container)){boundsWidth = boundsContainer.offsetWidth;break findContainer;}}}}var shouldUseBounds = !! boundsWidth;var availableWidth = window.innerWidth;if(shouldUseBounds){var containerWidth = container.parentNode.offsetWidth;availableWidth = Math.max(boundsWidth,containerWidth)+ parseInt(ad_unit['bounds_bleed']);for(viewportWidth in ad_unit['size_map']){var width = parseInt(viewportWidth);if(shouldUseBounds&&width > availableWidth){delete ad_unit['size_map'][ viewportWidth ];}}}if(ad_unit.fixed_height.active){var height = 'auto';var prop = 'height';if(ad_unit.in_viewport){for(viewportWidth in ad_unit.size_map){if(viewportWidth < availableWidth){height = 0;for(size in ad_unit.size_map[ viewportWidth ]){height = Math.max(height,ad_unit.size_map[ viewportWidth ][ size ][1]);}}}if(ad_unit.fixed_height.use_max_height&&ad_unit.fixed_height.max_height < height){height = ad_unit.fixed_height.max_height;prop = 'min-height';}height = height + 'px';}container.parentNode.style[prop] = height;}}googletag.cmd.push(function(){for(var container_id in all_ad_units){var ad_unit = all_ad_units[ container_id ];var container = document.querySelector('#' + container_id);if(! container){continue;}var slotSizes = ad_unit['sizes'];if(ad_unit['fluid']){slotSizes = slotSizes.concat('fluid');}var codeParts = [ ad_config['network_code'] ];if(ad_unit.path&&ad_unit.path.length){codeParts = codeParts.concat(ad_unit.path.map(function(parent){return parent['code'];}));}codeParts.push(ad_unit['code']);var code = '/' + codeParts.join('/');defined_ad_units[ container_id ] = googletag.defineSlot(code,slotSizes,container_id).addService(googletag.pubads());for(var target_key in common_targeting){defined_ad_units[ container_id ].setTargeting(target_key,common_targeting[ target_key ]);}for(var target_key in ad_unit['targeting']){defined_ad_units[ container_id ].setTargeting(target_key,ad_unit['targeting'][ target_key ]);}var mapping = googletag.sizeMapping();var baseSizes = [];if(ad_unit['fluid']){baseSizes = baseSizes.concat('fluid');}for(viewportWidth in ad_unit['size_map']){var width = parseInt(viewportWidth);var mappedSizes = ad_unit['size_map'][ viewportWidth ];mapping.addSize([ width,0 ],baseSizes.concat(mappedSizes));}if(ad_unit['sticky']){mapping.addSize([600,0],baseSizes);var stickyContainer = container.parentNode;var stickyClose = stickyContainer.querySelector('button.newspack_sticky_ad__close');var initialBodyPadding = document.body.style.paddingBottom;if(stickyClose){stickyClose.addEventListener('click',function(){stickyContainer.parentNode.removeChild(stickyContainer);document.body.style.paddingBottom = initialBodyPadding;});}}mapping.addSize([0,0],baseSizes);defined_ad_units[ container_id ].defineSizeMapping(mapping.build());}if(ad_config['disable_initial_load']){googletag.pubads().disableInitialLoad();}googletag.pubads().collapseEmptyDivs();googletag.pubads().enableSingleRequest();googletag.enableServices();for(var container_id in defined_ad_units){googletag.display(container_id);}googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){var container = document.getElementById(event.slot.getSlotElementId());if(! container){return;}var ad_unit = container.ad_unit;if(! ad_unit){return;}if(ad_unit.fixed_height.active&&container.parentNode.style.height === 'auto'&&event.size){container.parentNode.style.height = event.size[1] + 'px';event.slot.defineSizeMapping(googletag.sizeMapping().addSize([ 0,0 ],event.size).build());}if(event.isEmpty&&(ad_unit.sticky || ! ad_unit.fixed_height.active ||(ad_unit.fixed_height.active&&! ad_unit.in_viewport))){container.parentNode.style.display = 'none';}else{container.parentNode.style.display = 'flex';}var sizes = event.slot.getSizes();if((event.size === null || event.size[0] === 0)&&Array.isArray(sizes)&&sizes.indexOf('fluid')!== -1){if(container){var iframe = container.querySelector('iframe');if(iframe){iframe.style.width = '100%';}}}});googletag.pubads().addEventListener('slotRenderEnded',function(event){var container = document.getElementById(event.slot.getSlotElementId());if(! container){return;}var ad_unit = container.ad_unit;if(! ad_unit || ! ad_unit.sticky){return;}if(! event.isEmpty&&document.body.clientWidth <= 600){stickyContainer.style.display = 'flex';document.body.style.paddingBottom = stickyContainer.clientHeight + 'px';}});(function(){var stickyAd = document.querySelector('.h-stk .stick-to-top:last-child');var siteHeader = document.querySelector('.h-stk .site-header');if(stickyAd&&siteHeader){stickyAd.style.top = 'calc(' + siteHeader.offsetHeight + 'px + 1rem)';}})();});})();</script> <script defer id="bilmur" data-provider="wpcloud" data-service="newspack" src="https://s0.wp.com/wp-content/js/bilmur.min.js?m=202508"></script> <div class="jetpack-instant-search__widget-area" style="display: none"> <div id="jetpack-search-filters-7" class="widget jetpack-filters widget_search"> <div id="jetpack-search-filters-7-wrapper" class="jetpack-instant-search-wrapper"> </div></div> </div> <script type="module"> import { Workbox } from "https:\/\/eos.org\/wp-content\/plugins\/pwa\/wp-includes\/js\/workbox-v7.3.0\/workbox-window.prod.js"; if ( 'serviceWorker' in navigator ) { window.wp = window.wp || {}; window.wp.serviceWorkerWindow = new Workbox( "https:\/\/eos.org\/wp.serviceworker", {"scope":"\/"} ); window.wp.serviceWorkerWindow.register(); } </script> <link rel='stylesheet' id='newspack-blocks-homepage-articles-css' href='https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/homepage-articles/view.css?ver=4.6.0' media='all' /> <style id='core-block-supports-inline-css'>.wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1{flex-wrap:nowrap;}</style> <script id="custom-content-types-data-js-before"> var CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE; typeof CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE === "object" || (CUSTOM_CONTENT_TYPE__INITIAL_STATE = JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent("%7B%22active%22%3Atrue%2C%22over_ride%22%3Afalse%7D"))); </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-ads/dist/media-kit-frontend.js?ver=3.3.2" id="newspack-ads-media-kit-frontend-js" defer></script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/commons.js?ver=5.13.5" id="newspack_commons-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-reader-activation-js-extra"> var newspack_ras_config = {"auth_intention_cookie":"np_auth_intention","cid_cookie":"newspack-cid","is_logged_in":"","authenticated_email":"","otp_auth_action":"np_otp_auth","otp_rate_interval":"60","account_url":"","is_ras_enabled":""}; var newspack_reader_data = {"store_prefix":"np_reader_1_","is_temporary":"","reader_activity":[]}; </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/reader-activation.js?ver=5.13.5" id="newspack-reader-activation-js" async data-wp-strategy="async" data-amp-plus-allowed type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-reader-auth-js-extra"> var newspack_reader_activation_labels = {"title":"Sign in","invalid_email":"Please enter a valid email address.","invalid_password":"Please enter a password.","invalid_display":"Display name cannot match your email address. Please choose a different display name.","blocked_popup":"The popup has been blocked. Allow popups for the site and try again.","code_sent":"Code sent! Check your inbox.","code_resent":"Code resent! Check your inbox.","create_account":"Create an account","signin":{"title":"Sign in","success_title":"Success! You\u2019re signed in.","success_message":"Login successful!","continue":"Continue","resend_code":"Resend code","otp":"Email me a one-time code instead","otp_title":"Enter the code sent to your email.","forgot_password":"Forgot password","create_account":"Create an account","register":"Sign in to an existing account","go_back":"Go back","set_password":"Set a password (optional)"},"register":{"title":"Create an account","success_title":"Success! Your account was created and you\u2019re signed in.","success_description":"In the future, you\u2019ll sign in with a magic link, or a code sent to your email. If you\u2019d rather use a password, you can set one below."},"verify":"Thank you for verifying your account!","magic_link":"Please check your inbox for an authentication link.","password_reset_interval":"Please wait a moment before requesting another password reset email.","account_link":{"signedin":"My Account","signedout":"Sign In"},"newsletters_cta":"Subscribe to our newsletter","newsletters_confirmation":"Thanks for supporting Eos.","newsletters_continue":"Continue","newsletters_details":"Get the best of Eos directly in your email inbox.","newsletters_success":"Signup successful!","newsletters_title":"Sign up for newsletters","auth_form_action":"reader-activation-auth-form"}; </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/reader-auth.js?ver=5.13.5" id="newspack-reader-auth-js" async data-wp-strategy="async" data-amp-plus-allowed type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-plugin/dist/newspack-ui.js?ver=5.13.5" id="newspack-ui-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/dist/hooks.min.js" id="wp-hooks-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/dist/i18n.min.js" id="wp-i18n-js"></script> <script id="wp-i18n-js-after"> wp.i18n.setLocaleData( { 'text direction\u0004ltr': [ 'ltr' ] } ); </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-assets/build/i18n-loader.js?minify=true&ver=becd7d9884bc1b331e45" id="wp-jp-i18n-loader-js" defer></script> <script id="wp-jp-i18n-loader-js-after" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"> wp.jpI18nLoader.state = {"baseUrl":"https://eos.org/wp-content/languages/","locale":"en_US","domainMap":{"jetpack-admin-ui":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-assets":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-backup-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-blaze":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-boost-core":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-boost-speed-score":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-classic-theme-helper":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-compat":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-config":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-connection":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-explat":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-external-media":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-forms":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-image-cdn":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-import":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-ip":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-jitm":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-licensing":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-masterbar":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-my-jetpack":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-password-checker":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-plugins-installer":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-post-list":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-protect-models":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-protect-status":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-publicize-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-search-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-stats":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-stats-admin":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-sync":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-videopress-pkg":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-waf":"plugins/jetpack","jetpack-wordads":"plugins/jetpack","woocommerce-analytics":"plugins/jetpack"},"domainPaths":{"jetpack-admin-ui":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-admin-ui/","jetpack-assets":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-assets/","jetpack-backup-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-backup/","jetpack-blaze":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-blaze/","jetpack-boost-core":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-boost-core/","jetpack-boost-speed-score":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-boost-speed-score/","jetpack-classic-theme-helper":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-classic-theme-helper/","jetpack-compat":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-compat/","jetpack-config":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-config/","jetpack-connection":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-connection/","jetpack-explat":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-explat/","jetpack-external-media":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-external-media/","jetpack-forms":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-forms/","jetpack-image-cdn":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-image-cdn/","jetpack-import":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-import/","jetpack-ip":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-ip/","jetpack-jitm":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-jitm/","jetpack-licensing":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-licensing/","jetpack-masterbar":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-masterbar/","jetpack-my-jetpack":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-my-jetpack/","jetpack-password-checker":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-password-checker/","jetpack-plugins-installer":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-plugins-installer/","jetpack-post-list":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-post-list/","jetpack-protect-models":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-protect-models/","jetpack-protect-status":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-protect-status/","jetpack-publicize-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-publicize/","jetpack-search-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-search/","jetpack-stats":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-stats/","jetpack-stats-admin":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-stats-admin/","jetpack-sync":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-sync/","jetpack-videopress-pkg":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-videopress/","jetpack-waf":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-waf/","jetpack-wordads":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-wordads/","woocommerce-analytics":"jetpack_vendor/automattic/woocommerce-analytics/"}}; </script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/dist/vendor/wp-polyfill.min.js" id="wp-polyfill-js"></script> <script src="https://c0.wp.com/c/6.7.2/wp-includes/js/dist/url.min.js" id="wp-url-js"></script> <script id="jetpack-instant-search-js-before"> var JetpackInstantSearchOptions=JSON.parse(decodeURIComponent("%7B%22overlayOptions%22%3A%7B%22colorTheme%22%3A%22light%22%2C%22enableInfScroll%22%3Atrue%2C%22enableFilteringOpensOverlay%22%3Atrue%2C%22enablePostDate%22%3Atrue%2C%22enableSort%22%3Atrue%2C%22highlightColor%22%3A%22%23FFC%22%2C%22overlayTrigger%22%3A%22submit%22%2C%22resultFormat%22%3A%22expanded%22%2C%22showPoweredBy%22%3Afalse%2C%22defaultSort%22%3A%22relevance%22%2C%22excludedPostTypes%22%3A%5B%22page%22%2C%22attachment%22%2C%22product%22%2C%22newspack_lst_event%22%2C%22newspack_lst_generic%22%2C%22newspack_lst_mktplce%22%2C%22newspack_lst_place%22%2C%22newspack_nl_cpt%22%5D%7D%2C%22homeUrl%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feos.org%22%2C%22locale%22%3A%22en-US%22%2C%22postsPerPage%22%3A10%2C%22siteId%22%3A195464399%2C%22postTypes%22%3A%7B%22post%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Post%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Posts%22%7D%2C%22page%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Page%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Pages%22%7D%2C%22attachment%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Media%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Media%22%7D%2C%22newspack_nl_cpt%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Newsletter%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Newsletters%22%7D%2C%22newspack_nl_list%22%3A%7B%22singular_name%22%3A%22Subscription%20List%22%2C%22name%22%3A%22Subscription%20Lists%22%7D%7D%2C%22webpackPublicPath%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feos.org%5C%2Fwp-content%5C%2Fplugins%5C%2Fjetpack%5C%2Fjetpack_vendor%5C%2Fautomattic%5C%2Fjetpack-search%5C%2Fbuild%5C%2Finstant-search%5C%2F%22%2C%22isPhotonEnabled%22%3Atrue%2C%22isFreePlan%22%3Afalse%2C%22apiRoot%22%3A%22https%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Feos.org%5C%2Fwp-json%5C%2F%22%2C%22apiNonce%22%3A%2211532d0633%22%2C%22isPrivateSite%22%3Afalse%2C%22isWpcom%22%3Afalse%2C%22hasOverlayWidgets%22%3Atrue%2C%22widgets%22%3A%5B%7B%22filters%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%22Categories%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22taxonomy%22%2C%22taxonomy%22%3A%22category%22%2C%22count%22%3A10%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-7%22%2C%22filter_id%22%3A%22taxonomy_0%22%7D%2C%7B%22name%22%3A%22Tags%22%2C%22type%22%3A%22taxonomy%22%2C%22taxonomy%22%3A%22post_tag%22%2C%22count%22%3A15%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-7%22%2C%22filter_id%22%3A%22taxonomy_1%22%7D%5D%2C%22widget_id%22%3A%22jetpack-search-filters-7%22%7D%5D%2C%22widgetsOutsideOverlay%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22hasNonSearchWidgets%22%3Afalse%2C%22preventTrackingCookiesReset%22%3Afalse%7D")); </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/jetpack/jetpack_vendor/automattic/jetpack-search/build/instant-search/jp-search.js?minify=false&ver=749aa845a5ccb16bc8a6" id="jetpack-instant-search-js" async type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="//stats.wp.com/w.js?ver=202508" id="jp-tracks-js" async type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/wp-parsely/build/loader.js?ver=b681bb9905652ac12735" id="wp-parsely-loader-js" defer></script> <script data-parsely-site="eos.org" src="https://cdn.parsely.com/keys/eos.org/p.js?ver=3.17.0" id="parsely-cfg" defer></script> <script id="newspack-amp-fallback-js-extra"> var newspackScreenReaderText = {"open_search":"Open Search","close_search":"Close Search","expand_comments":"Expand Comments","collapse_comments":"Collapse Comments","show_order_details":"Show details","hide_order_details":"Hide details","open_dropdown_menu":"Open dropdown menu","close_dropdown_menu":"Close dropdown menu","is_amp":""}; </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/js/dist/amp-fallback.js?ver=2.5.0" id="newspack-amp-fallback-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-menu-accessibility-js-extra"> var newspackScreenReaderText = {"open_search":"Open Search","close_search":"Close Search","expand_comments":"Expand Comments","collapse_comments":"Collapse Comments","show_order_details":"Show details","hide_order_details":"Hide details","open_dropdown_menu":"Open dropdown menu","close_dropdown_menu":"Close dropdown menu","is_amp":""}; </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/js/dist/menu-accessibility.js?ver=2.5.0" id="newspack-menu-accessibility-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="newspack-font-loading-js-extra"> var newspackFontLoading = {"fonts":["ProximaCond","Merriweather"]}; </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/themes/newspack-theme/js/dist/font-loading.js?ver=2.5.0" id="newspack-font-loading-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/eos_required/eos_twitter_widget/js/widget.js?ver=1413172800" id="twitter-widget-script-js" defer></script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/eos_required/eos_taxonomy_widget/js/widget.js?ver=1413172800" id="taxonomy-widget-script-js" defer></script> <script id="perfmatters-lazy-load-js-before"> window.lazyLoadOptions={elements_selector:"img[data-src],.perfmatters-lazy,.perfmatters-lazy-css-bg",thresholds:"0px 0px",class_loading:"pmloading",class_loaded:"pmloaded",callback_loaded:function(element){if(element.tagName==="IFRAME"){if(element.classList.contains("pmloaded")){if(typeof window.jQuery!="undefined"){if(jQuery.fn.fitVids){jQuery(element).parent().fitVids()}}}}}};window.addEventListener("LazyLoad::Initialized",function(e){var lazyLoadInstance=e.detail.instance;});function perfmattersLazyLoadYouTube(e){var t=document.createElement("iframe"),r="ID?";r+=0===e.dataset.query.length?"":e.dataset.query+"&",r+="autoplay=1",t.setAttribute("src",r.replace("ID",e.dataset.src)),t.setAttribute("frameborder","0"),t.setAttribute("allowfullscreen","1"),t.setAttribute("allow","accelerometer; autoplay; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture"),e.replaceChild(t,e.firstChild)} </script> <script async src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/perfmatters/js/lazyload.min.js?ver=2.3.9" id="perfmatters-lazy-load-js"></script> <script src="https://stats.wp.com/e-202508.js" id="jetpack-stats-js" data-wp-strategy="defer" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script id="jetpack-stats-js-after"> _stq = window._stq || []; _stq.push([ "view", JSON.parse("{\"v\":\"ext\",\"blog\":\"195464399\",\"post\":\"163845\",\"tz\":\"-5\",\"srv\":\"eos.org\",\"hp\":\"atomic\",\"ac\":\"6\",\"amp\":\"0\",\"j\":\"1:14.4-a.3\"}") ]); _stq.push([ "clickTrackerInit", "195464399", "163845" ]); </script> <script src="https://eos.org/wp-content/plugins/newspack-blocks/dist/homepage-articles/view.js?ver=592020a10b4ff0d8d3fd" id="newspack-blocks-homepage-articles-js" type="pmdelayedscript" data-cfasync="false" data-no-optimize="1" data-no-defer="1" data-no-minify="1"></script> <script> /(trident|msie)/i.test(navigator.userAgent)&&document.getElementById&&window.addEventListener&&window.addEventListener("hashchange",function(){var t,e=location.hash.substring(1);/^[A-z0-9_-]+$/.test(e)&&(t=document.getElementById(e))&&(/^(?:a|select|input|button|textarea)$/i.test(t.tagName)||(t.tabIndex=-1),t.focus())},!1); </script> <!-- start Simple Custom CSS and JS --> <script> jQuery(document).ready(function( $ ){ $('#landslidesearch').keyup(function() { let value = document.getElementById('landslidesearch').value; let newUrl = 'https://eos.org/landslide-blog?category=thelandslideblog&s='+value; window.location.replace(newUrl); }); });</script> <!-- end Simple Custom CSS and JS --> <!-- start Simple Custom CSS and JS --> <script> /* Default comment here */ jQuery(document).ready(function( $ ){ $('#catsearch').keyup(function() { var value = document.getElementById('catsearch').value; var newUrl = "https://eos.org/engage?category=engage-search&s="+value; window.location.replace(newUrl); }); }); </script> <!-- end Simple Custom CSS and JS --> <script id="perfmatters-delayed-scripts-js">const pmDelayClick=false;const pmDelayTimer=setTimeout(pmTriggerDOMListener,10*1000);const pmUserInteractions=["keydown","mousedown","mousemove","wheel","touchmove","touchstart","touchend"],pmDelayedScripts={normal:[],defer:[],async:[]},jQueriesArray=[],pmInterceptedClicks=[];var pmDOMLoaded=!1,pmClickTarget="";function pmTriggerDOMListener(){"undefined"!=typeof pmDelayTimer&&clearTimeout(pmDelayTimer),pmUserInteractions.forEach(function(e){window.removeEventListener(e,pmTriggerDOMListener,{passive:!0})}),document.removeEventListener("visibilitychange",pmTriggerDOMListener),"loading"===document.readyState?document.addEventListener("DOMContentLoaded",pmTriggerDelayedScripts):pmTriggerDelayedScripts()}async function pmTriggerDelayedScripts(){pmDelayEventListeners(),pmDelayJQueryReady(),pmSortDelayedScripts(),pmPreloadDelayedScripts(),await pmLoadDelayedScripts(pmDelayedScripts.normal),await pmLoadDelayedScripts(pmDelayedScripts.defer),await pmLoadDelayedScripts(pmDelayedScripts.async),await pmTriggerEventListeners(),document.querySelectorAll("link[data-pmdelayedstyle]").forEach(function(e){e.setAttribute("href",e.getAttribute("data-pmdelayedstyle"))}),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-allScriptsLoaded")),pmWaitForPendingClicks().then(()=>{pmReplayClicks()})}function pmDelayEventListeners(){let e={};function t(t,n){function r(n){return e[t].delayedEvents.indexOf(n)>=0?"perfmatters-"+n:n}e[t]||(e[t]={originalFunctions:{add:t.addEventListener,remove:t.removeEventListener},delayedEvents:[]},t.addEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=r(arguments[0]),e[t].originalFunctions.add.apply(t,arguments)},t.removeEventListener=function(){arguments[0]=r(arguments[0]),e[t].originalFunctions.remove.apply(t,arguments)}),e[t].delayedEvents.push(n)}function n(e,t){let n=e[t];Object.defineProperty(e,t,{get:n||function(){},set:function(n){e["perfmatters"+t]=n}})}t(document,"DOMContentLoaded"),t(window,"DOMContentLoaded"),t(window,"load"),t(window,"pageshow"),t(document,"readystatechange"),n(document,"onreadystatechange"),n(window,"onload"),n(window,"onpageshow")}function pmDelayJQueryReady(){let e=window.jQuery;Object.defineProperty(window,"jQuery",{get:()=>e,set(t){if(t&&t.fn&&!jQueriesArray.includes(t)){t.fn.ready=t.fn.init.prototype.ready=function(e){pmDOMLoaded?e.bind(document)(t):document.addEventListener("perfmatters-DOMContentLoaded",function(){e.bind(document)(t)})};let n=t.fn.on;t.fn.on=t.fn.init.prototype.on=function(){if(this[0]===window){function e(e){return e=(e=(e=e.split(" ")).map(function(e){return"load"===e||0===e.indexOf("load.")?"perfmatters-jquery-load":e})).join(" ")}"string"==typeof arguments[0]||arguments[0]instanceof String?arguments[0]=e(arguments[0]):"object"==typeof arguments[0]&&Object.keys(arguments[0]).forEach(function(t){delete Object.assign(arguments[0],{[e(t)]:arguments[0][t]})[t]})}return n.apply(this,arguments),this},jQueriesArray.push(t)}e=t}})}function pmSortDelayedScripts(){document.querySelectorAll("script[type=pmdelayedscript]").forEach(function(e){e.hasAttribute("src")?e.hasAttribute("defer")&&!1!==e.defer?pmDelayedScripts.defer.push(e):e.hasAttribute("async")&&!1!==e.async?pmDelayedScripts.async.push(e):pmDelayedScripts.normal.push(e):pmDelayedScripts.normal.push(e)})}function pmPreloadDelayedScripts(){var e=document.createDocumentFragment();[...pmDelayedScripts.normal,...pmDelayedScripts.defer,...pmDelayedScripts.async].forEach(function(t){var n=t.getAttribute("src");if(n){var r=document.createElement("link");r.href=n,"module"==t.getAttribute("data-perfmatters-type")?r.rel="modulepreload":(r.rel="preload",r.as="script"),e.appendChild(r)}}),document.head.appendChild(e)}async function pmLoadDelayedScripts(e){var t=e.shift();return t?(await pmReplaceScript(t),pmLoadDelayedScripts(e)):Promise.resolve()}async function pmReplaceScript(e){return await pmNextFrame(),new Promise(function(t){let n=document.createElement("script");[...e.attributes].forEach(function(e){let t=e.nodeName;"type"!==t&&("data-perfmatters-type"===t&&(t="type"),n.setAttribute(t,e.nodeValue))}),e.hasAttribute("src")?(n.addEventListener("load",t),n.addEventListener("error",t)):(n.text=e.text,t()),e.parentNode.replaceChild(n,e)})}async function pmTriggerEventListeners(){pmDOMLoaded=!0,await pmNextFrame(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-DOMContentLoaded")),await pmNextFrame(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-DOMContentLoaded")),await pmNextFrame(),document.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-readystatechange")),await pmNextFrame(),document.perfmattersonreadystatechange&&document.perfmattersonreadystatechange(),await pmNextFrame(),window.dispatchEvent(new Event("perfmatters-load")),await pmNextFrame(),window.perfmattersonload&&window.perfmattersonload(),await pmNextFrame(),jQueriesArray.forEach(function(e){e(window).trigger("perfmatters-jquery-load")});let e=new Event("perfmatters-pageshow");e.persisted=window.pmPersisted,window.dispatchEvent(e),await pmNextFrame(),window.perfmattersonpageshow&&window.perfmattersonpageshow({persisted:window.pmPersisted})}async function pmNextFrame(){return new Promise(function(e){requestAnimationFrame(e)})}function pmReplayClicks(){window.removeEventListener("touchstart",pmTouchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousedown",pmTouchStartHandler),pmInterceptedClicks.forEach(e=>{e.target.outerHTML===pmClickTarget&&e.target.dispatchEvent(new MouseEvent("click",{view:e.view,bubbles:!0,cancelable:!0}))})}function pmWaitForPendingClicks(){return new Promise(e=>{window.pmIsClickPending?pmPendingClickFinished=e:e()})}function pmPendingClickStarted(){window.pmIsClickPending=!0}function pmPendingClickFinished(){window.pmIsClickPending=!1}function pmClickHandler(e){e.target.removeEventListener("click",pmClickHandler),pmRenameDOMAttribute(e.target,"pm-onclick","onclick"),pmInterceptedClicks.push(e),e.preventDefault(),e.stopPropagation(),e.stopImmediatePropagation(),pmPendingClickFinished()}function pmTouchStartHandler(e){"HTML"!==e.target.tagName&&(pmClickTarget||(pmClickTarget=e.target.outerHTML),window.addEventListener("touchend",pmTouchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("mouseup",pmTouchEndHandler),window.addEventListener("touchmove",pmTouchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousemove",pmTouchMoveHandler),e.target.addEventListener("click",pmClickHandler),pmRenameDOMAttribute(e.target,"onclick","pm-onclick"),pmPendingClickStarted())}function pmTouchMoveHandler(e){window.removeEventListener("touchend",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",pmTouchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",pmTouchMoveHandler),e.target.removeEventListener("click",pmClickHandler),pmRenameDOMAttribute(e.target,"pm-onclick","onclick"),pmPendingClickFinished()}function pmTouchEndHandler(e){window.removeEventListener("touchend",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("mouseup",pmTouchEndHandler),window.removeEventListener("touchmove",pmTouchMoveHandler,{passive:!0}),window.removeEventListener("mousemove",pmTouchMoveHandler)}function pmRenameDOMAttribute(e,t,n){e.hasAttribute&&e.hasAttribute(t)&&(event.target.setAttribute(n,event.target.getAttribute(t)),event.target.removeAttribute(t))}window.pmIsClickPending=!1,window.addEventListener("pageshow",e=>{window.pmPersisted=e.persisted}),pmUserInteractions.forEach(function(e){window.addEventListener(e,pmTriggerDOMListener,{passive:!0})}),pmDelayClick&&(window.addEventListener("touchstart",pmTouchStartHandler,{passive:!0}),window.addEventListener("mousedown",pmTouchStartHandler)),document.addEventListener("visibilitychange",pmTriggerDOMListener);</script></body> </html> <!-- generated in 0.411 seconds 119518 bytes batcached for 300 seconds -->