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<span>Construction</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Construction-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-History" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#History"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>History</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-History-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle History subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-History-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Asia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Asia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Asia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Asia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-China" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#China"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>China</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-China-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Thailand" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Thailand"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Thailand</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Thailand-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Near_East_and_Africa" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Near_East_and_Africa"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Near East and Africa</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Near_East_and_Africa-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Israel" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Israel"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.1</span> <span>Israel</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Israel-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Egypt" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Egypt"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2.2</span> <span>Egypt</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Egypt-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Europe" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Europe"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Europe</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Europe-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finland" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finland"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Finland</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finland-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Germany" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Germany"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.2</span> <span>Germany</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Germany-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Greece" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Greece"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.3</span> <span>Greece</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Greece-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rome" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rome"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.4</span> <span>Rome</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rome-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monaco" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monaco"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.5</span> <span>Monaco</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monaco-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Western_Australia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Western_Australia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Western Australia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Western_Australia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_States" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_States"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5</span> <span>United States</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_States-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Hawaii" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Hawaii"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.1</span> <span>Hawaii</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Hawaii-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Washington,_D.C." class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Washington,_D.C."> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.2</span> <span>Washington, D.C.</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Washington,_D.C.-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_states" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_states"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.5.3</span> <span>Other states</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_states-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gallery" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gallery"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Gallery</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gallery-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Boundary marker</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 41 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-41" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">41 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenzstein" title="Grenzstein – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Grenzstein" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AD%D8%AC%D8%B1_%D8%AD%D8%AF_(%D8%A3%D8%B1%D9%81%D8%A9)" title="حجر حد (أرفة) – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="حجر حد (أرفة)" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moll%C3%B3n" title="Mollón – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Mollón" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moastoa" title="Moastoa – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Moastoa" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fita_de_frontera" title="Fita de frontera – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Fita de frontera" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hrani%C4%8Dn%C3%AD_k%C3%A1men" title="Hraniční kámen – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Hraniční kámen" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A6nsesten" title="Grænsesten – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Grænsesten" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenzstein" title="Grenzstein – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Grenzstein" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hito_fronterizo" title="Hito fronterizo – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Hito fronterizo" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lim%C5%9Dtono" title="Limŝtono – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Limŝtono" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zedarri" title="Zedarri – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zedarri" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%B4%D8%A7%D9%86%DA%AF%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2" title="نشانگر مرز – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نشانگر مرز" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borne_fronti%C3%A8re" title="Borne frontière – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Borne frontière" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puntpeal" title="Puntpeal – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Puntpeal" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A7%80%EA%B3%84%ED%91%9C" title="지계표 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="지계표" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%B0%D5%B4%D5%A1%D5%B6%D5%A1%D6%84%D5%A1%D6%80" title="Սահմանաքար – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սահմանաքար" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cippo_di_confine" title="Cippo di confine – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Cippo di confine" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%91%D7%9F_%D7%92%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C" title="אבן גבול – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אבן גבול" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminus" title="Terminus – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Terminus" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maark" title="Maark – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Maark" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ribo%C5%BEenklis" title="Riboženklis – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Riboženklis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grenspaol" title="Grenspaol – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Grenspaol" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B5%D1%93%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA" title="Меѓник – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Меѓник" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Batu_sempadan" title="Batu sempadan – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Batu sempadan" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grensmarkering" title="Grensmarkering – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Grensmarkering" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A2%83%E7%95%8C%E6%A8%99" title="境界標 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="境界標" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grensemerke" title="Grensemerke – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Grensemerke" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grensestein" title="Grensestein – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Grensestein" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8rme_geografic" title="Tèrme geografic – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tèrme geografic" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Znak_graniczny" title="Znak graniczny – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Znak graniczny" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco_de_fronteira" title="Marco de fronteira – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Marco de fronteira" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saywa_rumi" title="Saywa rumi – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Saywa rumi" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A0%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%8E%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Разделяющий знак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Разделяющий знак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sh%C3%ABnuesi_i_kufirit" title="Shënuesi i kufirit – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Shënuesi i kufirit" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mejnik" title="Mejnik – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Mejnik" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD" title="Гранични камен – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Гранични камен" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajamerkki" title="Rajamerkki – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Rajamerkki" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%A4nsm%C3%A4rke" title="Gränsmärke – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gränsmärke" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C4%B1n%C4%B1r_ta%C5%9F%C4%B1" title="Sınır taşı – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Sınır taşı" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a 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searchaux" style="display:none">Physical marker that identifies a land boundary</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Boundary stones" redirects here. For the monoliths in Ukraine, see <a href="/wiki/Boundary_Stones_(Ukraine)" title="Boundary Stones (Ukraine)">Boundary Stones (Ukraine)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg/220px-0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg/330px-0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg/440px-0_ave_british_columbia_canada.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5146" data-file-height="3431" /></a><figcaption>A boundary marker on <a href="/wiki/0_Avenue" title="0 Avenue">0 Avenue</a> between Canada (left) and the United States (right)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg/170px-Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg/255px-Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg/340px-Boundary_stone_Maesglase.jpg 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="1200" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Slate" title="Slate">slate</a> boundary stone on <a href="/wiki/Maesglase" title="Maesglase">Maesglase</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_(klein)_in_Pehlen.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_%28klein%29_in_Pehlen.jpg/170px-D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_%28klein%29_in_Pehlen.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_%28klein%29_in_Pehlen.jpg/255px-D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_%28klein%29_in_Pehlen.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_%28klein%29_in_Pehlen.jpg/340px-D-NW-Bad_Salzuflen-W%C3%BCsten_-_Grenzstein_%28klein%29_in_Pehlen.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1536" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption>Historical boundary stone between the <a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Lippe" title="Principality of Lippe">Principality of Lippe</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Prussia" title="Kingdom of Prussia">Kingdom of Prussia</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>A <b>boundary marker</b>, <b>border marker</b>, <b>boundary stone</b>, or <b>border stone</b> is a robust physical marker that identifies the start of a land <a href="/wiki/Border" title="Border">boundary</a> or the change in a boundary, especially a change in direction of a boundary.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There are several other types of named border markers, known as <b>boundary trees</b>,<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <b>pillars</b>, <b>monuments</b>, <b>obelisks</b>, and <b>corners</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Border markers can also be markers through which a border line runs in a straight line to determine that border.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They can also be the markers from which a border marker has been fixed.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose">Purpose</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Purpose"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to Josiah Ober, boundary markers are "a way of imposing human, cultural, social meanings upon a once-undifferentiated natural environment." Boundary markers are linked to social hierarchies, since they derive their meaning from the authority of a person or group to declare the limits of a given space of land for political, social or religious reasons. Ober notes that "determining who can use parcels of arable land and for what purpose, has immediate and obvious economic implications."<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Many borders were drawn along invisible lines of <a href="/wiki/Latitude" title="Latitude">latitude</a> or <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>, which often created a need to mark these borders on the ground, as accurately as possible, using the technology of the day.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Advances in <a href="/wiki/GPS" class="mw-redirect" title="GPS">GPS</a> technology have shown that there are many borders inaccurately marked on the ground.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Boundary markers have often been used to mark critical points<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="margin-left:0.1em; white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_clarify" title="Wikipedia:Please clarify"><span title="The text near this tag may need clarification or removal of jargon. (February 2016)">clarification needed</span></a></i>]</sup> on political boundaries, i.e. those between countries, <a href="/wiki/Federated_state" title="Federated state">states</a> or local administrations, but have also been used to mark out the limits of private landholdings, especially in areas where fences or walls are impractical or unnecessary.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (January 2012)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Boundary markers are integral to boundary law in the United States, both in the original colonial states and those added later during westward expansion (otherwise known as the Public Land Survey System<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). Man-made boundary markers, or monuments, are considered to be second-highest in the Order of Evidence in boundary law in the United States, behind only natural markers such as boulders and rivers.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boundary markers also have legal meaning in <a href="/wiki/Japan" title="Japan">Japan</a>, and are generally installed across the country.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Markers are still used extensively for marking international borders, which are traditionally classified into two categories: natural boundaries, correlating to topographical features such as rivers or mountain ranges, and artificial boundaries, which have no obvious relation to topography. The latter category includes borders defined by boundary markers such as stones and walls.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> International boundary markers are placed and can be maintained by mutual agreement of the bordering countries. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Construction">Construction</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Construction"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Boundary markers, traditionally, were often made of <a href="/wiki/Rock_(geology)" title="Rock (geology)">stone</a>, but later many have been made with concrete or a mixture of materials.<sup id="cite_ref-kimberley_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-kimberley-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They are typically placed at a notable or especially visible point. Many are inscribed with relevant information such as the abbreviation of the boundary holder and often a date.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Asia">Asia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Asia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="China">China</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: China"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The oldest known boundary stone in China is from Jiangsu Province. Dating from 12 A.D., it bears the inscription "the sea area from Jiaozhou Bay to the east of Guixan county belongs to Langya Shire and the waters from the south of Guixan county to the east of the estuary of Guanhe River belongs to Donghai Shire."<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> More recently, the border between Russia and China was formally demarcated with boundary stones as the result of the Treaty of Kiakhta in 1727.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the nineteenth century, stones were used to outline the limits of the International Settlement in Shanghai.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Thailand">Thailand</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Thailand"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In ancient Thailand, sacred boundary stones called <i>Sema Hin</i> delimited Buddhist temple precincts. In some cases they feature inscriptions recounting the history of the temple;<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (April 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> others were carved with wheels of the law,<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> while some specimens consist of unfinished stone.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition to temples, <i>sema</i> could enclose statues of Buddha or sacred mounds.<sup id="cite_ref-:1_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Near_East_and_Africa">Near East and Africa</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Near East and Africa"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Israel">Israel</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Israel"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>According to B. S. Jackson, stones were put in place in ancient Israel to "mark the boundary of a territory (public or private), and to seek to deter potential violators of that boundary through the use of threats."<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Hebrew Bible contains a strict prohibition against the unauthorized displacement or removal of boundary markers.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Egypt">Egypt</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Egypt"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>An example of boundary markers in ancient Egypt were the boundary stelae of Akhenaten. They defined the limits of the sacred city of Akhet-Aten, built by Akhenaten as the center of the Aten religious cult which he founded. Egyptologists categorize the stelae based on whether they are inscribed with the "Earlier Proclamation," a general explanation of why the location was selected and how the city would be designed, or the "Later Proclamation," which provides additional details about the perimeters of the city.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Europe">Europe</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Europe"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg/170px-German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="233" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg/255px-German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a2/German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg/340px-German_troops_crossing_the_Soviet_border.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2017" data-file-height="2767" /></a><figcaption>German troops at the Soviet state border marker during <a href="/wiki/Operation_Barbarossa" title="Operation Barbarossa">Operation Barbarossa</a>, 1941</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finland">Finland</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Finland"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Glacial_erratic" title="Glacial erratic">Glacial erratics</a> and similar natural stones were often used as boundary markers between properties. Knowledge of their locations was typically maintained by oral tradition, wherein men of each house would walk the length of the border. These stones then became boundary markers for <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_Finland" title="Municipalities of Finland">municipalities</a>, and eventually provinces and countries. For example, Kuhankuono is a stone that marks the <a href="/wiki/Quadripoint#Multipoints_of_greater_numerical_complexity" title="Quadripoint">multipoint</a> border between seven municipalities in <a href="/wiki/Kurjenrahka_National_Park" title="Kurjenrahka National Park">Kurjenrahka National Park</a> near <a href="/wiki/Turku" title="Turku">Turku</a>. Today, however, steel rods topped with a cube painted orange are usually used. Municipalities often post a traffic sign featuring their coat of arms on the border on major roads. On the <a href="/wiki/Finnish-Russian_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Finnish-Russian border">Finnish-Russian border</a>, many historical border stones, marked with Swedish and Imperial Russian symbols, are still in use. The actual Finnish-Russian border is marked by small white bollard, but on both sides of the border there are large striped bollards decorated with a coat of arms: a blue/white bollard on the Finnish side, a red/green bollard on the Russian side.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Artificial cairns are found on the Norway-Russia-Finland tripoint (<a href="/wiki/Treriksr%C3%B8ysa" title="Treriksrøysa">Treriksrøysa</a>) and Norway-Sweden-Finland tripoint (<a href="/wiki/Three-Country_Cairn" title="Three-Country Cairn">Three-Country Cairn</a>). The Sweden-Finland border on <a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rket" title="Märket">Märket</a> is marked with holes drilled to the rock, because seasonal <a href="/wiki/Pack_ice" class="mw-redirect" title="Pack ice">pack ice</a> can shear off any protruding markers. In folklore, a type of <a href="/wiki/Haltija" title="Haltija">haltija</a>, <i>rajahaltija</i>, a kind of a local spirit, was believed to haunt borders that had been unjustly moved. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Germany">Germany</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Germany"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237032888/mw-parser-output/.tmulti">.mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner{display:flex;flex-direction:column}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{display:flex;flex-direction:row;clear:left;flex-wrap:wrap;width:100%;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{margin:1px;float:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .theader{clear:both;font-weight:bold;text-align:center;align-self:center;background-color:transparent;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbcaption{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-left{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-right{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .text-align-center{text-align:center}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .tmulti .thumbinner{width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:none!important;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow{justify-content:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle{float:none!important;max-width:100%!important;box-sizing:border-box;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .tsingle .thumbcaption{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .tmulti .trow>.thumbcaption{text-align:center}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .tmulti .multiimageinner img{background-color:white}}</style><div class="thumb tmulti tright"><div class="thumbinner multiimageinner" style="width:342px;max-width:342px"><div class="trow"><div class="tsingle" style="width:173px;max-width:173px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:227px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg/171px-Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg" decoding="async" width="171" height="228" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg/257px-Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bd/Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg/342px-Grenzstein_von_1755_im_Bullerbachtal.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1800" data-file-height="2400" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption"><span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wolfsangel</i></span> on a 1755 boundary marker near the wood of <a href="/wiki/Barsinghausen" title="Barsinghausen">Barsinghausen</a></div></div><div class="tsingle" style="width:165px;max-width:165px"><div class="thumbimage" style="height:227px;overflow:hidden"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg/163px-Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg" decoding="async" width="163" height="227" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg/245px-Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg/326px-Wolfsangel_Grenzstein.jpg 2x" data-file-width="395" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></div><div class="thumbcaption">The <span title="German-language text"><i lang="de">Wolfsangel</i></span> on an old field boundary stone in the <a href="/wiki/Deister" title="Deister">Deister</a> in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Saxony" title="Lower Saxony">Lower Saxony</a></div></div></div></div></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Dreieckiger_Pfahl" title="Dreieckiger Pfahl">Dreieckiger Pfahl</a> is a granite pillar that once marked the border between the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Hanover" title="Kingdom of Hanover">Kingdom of Hanover</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick" title="Duchy of Brunswick">Duchy of Brunswick</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Wolfsangel" title="Wolfsangel">Wolfsangel</a> in its horizontal form was used as a boundary marker in forests, and has been recorded as early as 1616 in a boundary treaty concluded between <a href="/wiki/Landgraviate_of_Hesse-Kassel" title="Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel">Hesse</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brunswick-L%C3%BCneburg" class="mw-redirect" title="Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg">Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg</a> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Greece">Greece</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Greece"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The earliest reference to a boundary stone in Greek literature is in the <i>Iliad</i>, which describes the goddess Athena using one as a projectile. Boundary stones, known as <i>horos</i>, could be made of either carved or undressed stones, and were typically inscribed with the Greek word <i>horos</i>. One such stone was used to indicate the edge of the Athenian <i>agora</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The practice of separating areas of land with boundary stones, though common, was widely considered by classical writers to be a violation of the principle of communal land ownership.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Rome">Rome</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Rome"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg/220px-Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg/330px-Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg/440px-Grenzstein_Limes_Feldberg_Taunus.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4032" data-file-height="3024" /></a><figcaption>Old boundary stone one the <a href="/wiki/Upper_Germanic-Rhaetian_Limes" title="Upper Germanic-Rhaetian Limes">Limes border wall</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Empire" title="Roman Empire">Roman Empire</a></figcaption></figure> <p>In ancient Roman religion, the god <a href="/wiki/Terminus_(god)" title="Terminus (god)">Terminus</a> was worshiped as the patron god of boundary markers.<sup id="cite_ref-cukwurah_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cukwurah-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Ovid, in a hymn directed to the god, wrote: "O Terminus, whether thou art a stone or a stump buried in the field, … thou dost set bounds to people and cities and vast kingdoms".<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Numa Pompillius made the first Roman law requiring boundary stones around private property and instituting capital punishment for anyone found guilty of moving these stones.<sup id="cite_ref-cukwurah_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-cukwurah-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Monaco">Monaco</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Monaco"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1828, the <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Principality of Monaco</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sardinia" title="Kingdom of Sardinia">Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia</a> established a physical border with 91 boundary stones, each numbered 1 to 91, running along the border from present-day <a href="/wiki/Fontvieille,_Monaco" title="Fontvieille, Monaco">Fontvieille</a> to <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton-Garavan</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Prior to 1848, the Principality of Monaco included the villages of Roquebrune, Monti, Garavan and Menton. Of the original 91 boundary stones only 12 remain: 6 within the <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Principality of Monaco</a>, 3 in <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune-Cap-Martin</a>, and 3 in <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>. The boundary stones numbered 9, 12, 15, and 31 are located in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>. Another stone has been cast in concrete in the Sainte-Cécile area of <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a> thus rendering its number illegible. Stone number 55, originally located in <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a>, was given as a gift from the city of <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a> to the <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Principality of Monaco</a> and is now located in <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>'s city hall. Stones numbered 56, 57, and 58 are located in <a href="/wiki/Roquebrune-Cap-Martin" title="Roquebrune-Cap-Martin">Roquebrune</a>. Stones numbered 62, 71, and 73 are located in <a href="/wiki/Menton" title="Menton">Menton</a>. All the boundary stones have three engraved sides: one side with their individual numbers (1 to 91), one side with the letter "M" indicating <a href="/wiki/Monaco" title="Monaco">Monaco</a>'s territory, and one side with a cross (+) indicating the Kingdom of Piedmont-Sardinia's territory. The cross represents the coat of arms of the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Savoy" title="House of Savoy">House of Savoy</a>, rulers of Piedmont-Sardinia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Western_Australia">Western Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Western Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The history of <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia_border#Marking_the_WA_border_on_the_ground" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Australia border">marking the Western Australian border on the ground</a> states that the "Austral Pillar" and the "Deakin Pillar" are points used to determine their position east of <a href="/wiki/Greenwich" title="Greenwich">Greenwich</a> and then fix a border from, in this case used to determine the line of the <a href="/wiki/129th_meridian_east" title="129th meridian east">129th meridian east</a> <a href="/wiki/Longitude" title="Longitude">longitude</a>, as the <a href="/wiki/Western_Australia_border" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Australia border">Western Australian border</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Deakin <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">Obelisk</a> and the Kimberley Obelisk in Australia are used in a slightly different way, in that a line is run north and south through a point on the obelisks, formed by a copper plug embedded into the top centre of the concrete obelisks.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The "corners" in Australia, such as <a href="/wiki/Cameron_Corner_Survey_Marker" title="Cameron Corner Survey Marker">Cameron Corner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Haddon_Corner" title="Haddon Corner">Haddon Corner</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poeppel_Corner" title="Poeppel Corner">Poeppel Corner</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Surveyor_Generals_Corner" title="Surveyor Generals Corner">Surveyor Generals Corner</a>, are where multiple borders meet or a border changes direction.<sup id="cite_ref-straight-border_1-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_States">United States</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Hawaii">Hawaii</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Hawaii"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The basic unit of the ancient Hawaiian land division system was the <i>ahupua'a</i>, a self-sustaining agricultural district.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The places where a road crossed the border of an <i>ahupua'a</i> were marked with distinctive altars, known as <i>ahu</i> or (stone) piles. These altars served not only as boundary markers but also as sites for the performance of religious rituals related to land taxation.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> C. J. Lyons, an early surveyor of Hawaii,<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> recorded that "[u]pon this altar at the annual progress of the akua makahiki (year god) was deposited the tax paid by the land whose boundary it marked, and also an image of a hog, <i>puaa</i>, carved out of kukui wood and stained with red ochre. … [F]rom this came the name, <i>ahupuaa</i>“.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Naturally occurring landscape features were also used as points of reference for district borders.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Washington,_D.C."><span id="Washington.2C_D.C."></span>Washington, D.C.</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Washington, D.C."><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Boundary_markers_of_the_original_District_of_Columbia" title="Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia">Boundary markers of the original District of Columbia</a></div> <p>The original boundaries of the District of Columbia were marked using boundary stones. These were made of saw-cut sandstone blocks and stood two feet high when set in the ground. Ten boundary stones were placed along each side of the 100 square mile (259 square kilometer) district of Columbia. Although the original surveyors intended each side to be ten miles (16 kilometers) long, their measurements were often inaccurate, resulting in the sometimes significant misplacement of stones and the overall skewing of the District boundaries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some of these discrepancies are intentional, because the ground at the exact mile point was covered in water; "in such cases", Andrew Ellicott, the leader of the surveying crew, noted in 1793, "the stones are placed on the nearest firm ground and the true distance in miles and poles is marked on them".<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Information engraved on the stones includes the number (1 through 10) of the stone within the sequence on that side of the District, the date of placement, and the words "Jurisdiction of the United States." In the twentieth century, the Daughters of the American Revolution voluntarily took responsibility for preserving the stones, which had fallen victim to vandalization and urban development.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the late 1990s renewed interest in the boundary stones led to increased preservation efforts by the DAR and other organizations.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Other_states">Other states</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Other states"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1773, a Franciscan friar named Francisco Palou erected the <a href="/wiki/Pal%C3%B3u_Line" title="Palóu Line">first boundary marker</a> between <a href="/wiki/Alta_California" title="Alta California">Alta</a> and <a href="/wiki/Baja_California" title="Baja California">Baja California</a>. Commissioned by the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish Crown">Spanish Crown</a>, it consisted of a cross made from alder wood and placed standing upright on a rock.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the British colonies, milestones were shipped from England to mark the <a href="/wiki/Mason%E2%80%93Dixon_line" title="Mason–Dixon line">Mason–Dixon line</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A block cut from sandstone was placed at the intersection of Wyoming, Colorado and Utah in 1879,<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and stone posts were used along the western border of South Dakota.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Boundaries were occasionally resurveyed and boundary stones replaced or restored, depending on their condition.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gallery">Gallery</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Gallery"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border stone from 1763 between Norway and Sweden, located in the Arctic"><img alt="Border stone from 1763 between Norway and Sweden, located in the Arctic" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg/120px-BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg/180px-BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e7/BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg/240px-BorderPost272_-_Norway_and_Sweden.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border stone from 1763 between <a href="/wiki/Norway" title="Norway">Norway</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sweden" title="Sweden">Sweden</a>, located in the <a href="/wiki/Arctic" title="Arctic">Arctic</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Border_stone.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Border stone at Passo San Giacomo between Val Formazza in Italy and Val Bedretto [it] in Switzerland"><img alt="Border stone at Passo San Giacomo between Val Formazza in Italy and Val Bedretto [it] in Switzerland" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Border_stone.JPG/120px-Border_stone.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Border_stone.JPG/180px-Border_stone.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Border_stone.JPG/240px-Border_stone.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border stone at <a href="/wiki/Passo_San_Giacomo" class="mw-redirect" title="Passo San Giacomo">Passo San Giacomo</a> between <a href="/wiki/Val_Formazza" title="Val Formazza">Val Formazza</a> in Italy and <a href="/wiki/Val_Bedretto" class="mw-redirect" title="Val Bedretto">Val Bedretto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Val_Bedretto" class="extiw" title="it:Val Bedretto">it</a>]</span> in Switzerland</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2011-02-13-chemin.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="French-Swiss border boundary marker."><img alt="French-Swiss border boundary marker." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2011-02-13-chemin.jpg/120px-2011-02-13-chemin.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="79" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2011-02-13-chemin.jpg/180px-2011-02-13-chemin.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/2011-02-13-chemin.jpg/240px-2011-02-13-chemin.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4182" data-file-height="2762" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">French-Swiss border boundary marker.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Boundary_Stone_(District_of_Columbia)_NE_2.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boundary stone of the original District of Columbia set in 1792 marking the boundary between Washington, D.C., and Maryland in the United States."><img alt="Boundary stone of the original District of Columbia set in 1792 marking the boundary between Washington, D.C., and Maryland in the United States." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Boundary_Stone_%28District_of_Columbia%29_NE_2.jpg/90px-Boundary_Stone_%28District_of_Columbia%29_NE_2.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Boundary_Stone_%28District_of_Columbia%29_NE_2.jpg/135px-Boundary_Stone_%28District_of_Columbia%29_NE_2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/bb/Boundary_Stone_%28District_of_Columbia%29_NE_2.jpg/180px-Boundary_Stone_%28District_of_Columbia%29_NE_2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1301" data-file-height="1734" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Boundary_Markers_of_the_Original_District_of_Columbia" class="mw-redirect" title="Boundary Markers of the Original District of Columbia">Boundary stone of the original District of Columbia</a> set in 1792 marking the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Washington,_D.C." title="Washington, D.C.">Washington, D.C.</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Maryland" title="Maryland">Maryland</a> in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Border stone in France between the communes of Nages, Murat-sur-Vèbre and Fraisse-sur-Agout"><img alt="Border stone in France between the communes of Nages, Murat-sur-Vèbre and Fraisse-sur-Agout" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG/120px-Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG/180px-Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG/240px-Nages_Peyre_sus_autre.JPG 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border stone in France between the communes of <a href="/wiki/Nages" title="Nages">Nages</a>, <a href="/wiki/Murat-sur-V%C3%A8bre" title="Murat-sur-Vèbre">Murat-sur-Vèbre</a> and <a href="/wiki/Fraisse-sur-Agout" title="Fraisse-sur-Agout">Fraisse-sur-Agout</a></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Moisburger_Stein.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="1754 German forest boundary stone set up in 1754; it marks one end of a line of 65 boundary stones between the Hanoverian state forest and the woods held in common by local villages. The border was marked by order of George II of Great Britain who was also Elector of Hanover at that time."><img alt="1754 German forest boundary stone set up in 1754; it marks one end of a line of 65 boundary stones between the Hanoverian state forest and the woods held in common by local villages. The border was marked by order of George II of Great Britain who was also Elector of Hanover at that time." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Moisburger_Stein.JPG/76px-Moisburger_Stein.JPG" decoding="async" width="76" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Moisburger_Stein.JPG/114px-Moisburger_Stein.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Moisburger_Stein.JPG/153px-Moisburger_Stein.JPG 2x" data-file-width="1299" data-file-height="2040" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">1754 German forest boundary stone set up in 1754; it marks one end of a line of 65 boundary stones between the <a href="/wiki/House_of_Hanover" title="House of Hanover">Hanoverian</a> state forest and the woods held in <a href="/wiki/The_commons" class="mw-redirect" title="The commons">common</a> by local villages. The border was marked by order of <a href="/wiki/George_II_of_Great_Britain" title="George II of Great Britain">George II of Great Britain</a> who was also <a href="/wiki/Elector_of_Hanover" class="mw-redirect" title="Elector of Hanover">Elector of Hanover</a> at that time.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="A boundary marker in Obdam, the Netherlands. It marks the boundary between Obdam and Hensbroek."><img alt="A boundary marker in Obdam, the Netherlands. It marks the boundary between Obdam and Hensbroek." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG/90px-Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG/135px-Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f7/Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG/180px-Grenspaal_Obdam_en_Hensbroek_3.JPG 2x" data-file-width="480" data-file-height="640" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A boundary marker in <a href="/wiki/Obdam" title="Obdam">Obdam</a>, the Netherlands. It marks the boundary between Obdam and <a href="/wiki/Hensbroek" title="Hensbroek">Hensbroek</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Boundary marker (also banishing pole) in Schardam, the Netherlands, showing the coat of arms of Hoorn."><img alt="Boundary marker (also banishing pole) in Schardam, the Netherlands, showing the coat of arms of Hoorn." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg/90px-Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg/135px-Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg/180px-Banpaal_met_eenhoorn_uit_1761.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2736" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Boundary marker (also banishing pole) in <a href="/wiki/Schardam" title="Schardam">Schardam</a>, the Netherlands, showing the <a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_Hoorn" title="Coat of arms of Hoorn">coat of arms of Hoorn</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border stone in Mount Nuang hiking track. Marks the boundary between Selangor and Pahang, Malaysia."><img alt="Border stone in Mount Nuang hiking track. Marks the boundary between Selangor and Pahang, Malaysia." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg/120px-Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg/180px-Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e2/Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg/240px-Pahang-Selangor_Border_Stone.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4288" data-file-height="3216" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border stone in <a href="/wiki/Mount_Nuang" title="Mount Nuang">Mount Nuang</a> hiking track. Marks the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Selangor" title="Selangor">Selangor</a> and <a href="/wiki/Pahang" title="Pahang">Pahang</a>, <a href="/wiki/Malaysia" title="Malaysia">Malaysia</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG" class="mw-file-description" title="Modern boundary marker on the 49th parallel north designating the border between the United States and Canada."><img alt="Modern boundary marker on the 49th parallel north designating the border between the United States and Canada." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG/42px-Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG" decoding="async" width="42" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG/64px-Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG/85px-Modern_Boundary_Marker_Point_Roberts.JPG 2x" data-file-width="427" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Modern boundary marker on the <a href="/wiki/49th_parallel_north" title="49th parallel north">49th parallel north</a> designating the border between the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:State_Border_of_Ukraine.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Typical border marker of Ukraine."><img alt="Typical border marker of Ukraine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/State_Border_of_Ukraine.png/80px-State_Border_of_Ukraine.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/State_Border_of_Ukraine.png/119px-State_Border_of_Ukraine.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/State_Border_of_Ukraine.png/159px-State_Border_of_Ukraine.png 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="560" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Typical border marker of <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Easternmost_finland.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Finland–Russia border markers: a white marker for the actual border, "guarded" by striped bollards"><img alt="Finland–Russia border markers: a white marker for the actual border, "guarded" by striped bollards" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Easternmost_finland.jpg/120px-Easternmost_finland.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Easternmost_finland.jpg/180px-Easternmost_finland.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Easternmost_finland.jpg/240px-Easternmost_finland.jpg 2x" data-file-width="604" data-file-height="453" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Finland%E2%80%93Russia_border" title="Finland–Russia border">Finland–Russia border</a> markers: a white marker for the actual border, "guarded" by striped bollards</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Parish Boundary Tree. The tree stands on the boundary between Clopton and Lilford-cum-Wigsthorpe."><img alt="Parish Boundary Tree. The tree stands on the boundary between Clopton and Lilford-cum-Wigsthorpe." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg/120px-Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg/180px-Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg/240px-Parish_Boundary_Tree_-_geograph.org.uk_-_111615.jpg 2x" data-file-width="640" data-file-height="480" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Parish Boundary Tree. The tree stands on the boundary between <a href="/wiki/Clopton,_Northamptonshire" title="Clopton, Northamptonshire">Clopton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Lilford-cum-Wigsthorpe_and_Thorpe_Achurch" title="Lilford-cum-Wigsthorpe and Thorpe Achurch">Lilford-cum-Wigsthorpe</a>.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="The border of Baarle-Hertog (Belgium) and Baarle-Nassau (Netherlands). Note the precision of the location of the Dutch café."><img alt="The border of Baarle-Hertog (Belgium) and Baarle-Nassau (Netherlands). Note the precision of the location of the Dutch café." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg/120px-Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg/180px-Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/da/Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg/240px-Baarle-Nassau_fronti%C3%A8re_caf%C3%A9.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="774" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">The border of <a href="/wiki/Baarle-Hertog" title="Baarle-Hertog">Baarle-Hertog</a> (<a href="/wiki/Belgium" title="Belgium">Belgium</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Baarle-Nassau" title="Baarle-Nassau">Baarle-Nassau</a> (<a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>). Note the precision of the location of the Dutch café. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border stone in China, foreground right, with Russian border marker to its left in background, striped red and green. The large gate is entirely in Russian territory."><img alt="Border stone in China, foreground right, with Russian border marker to its left in background, striped red and green. The large gate is entirely in Russian territory." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/120px-Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/180px-Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1f/Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg/240px-Mere_stone_between_China_and_Russia_-_panoramio.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2816" data-file-height="2112" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border stone in China, foreground right, with Russian border marker to its left in background, striped red and green. The large gate is entirely in Russian territory.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Border stones in Japan, marking Gifu (left) and Shiga (right) prefectures"><img alt="Border stones in Japan, marking Gifu (left) and Shiga (right) prefectures" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg/120px-Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg/180px-Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg/240px-Border_sign%EF%BC%88Shiga-Gifu%EF%BC%89-02.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Border stones in Japan, marking Gifu (left) and Shiga (right) prefectures</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Milestone in France, doubling as a border marker between départements"><img alt="Milestone in France, doubling as a border marker between départements" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg/90px-Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg" decoding="async" width="90" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg/135px-Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg/180px-Le_Boisle_FR-80_%26_Labroye-FR-62-limite_d%C3%A9partementale-01.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3024" data-file-height="4032" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Milestone" title="Milestone">Milestone</a> in France, doubling as a border marker between <i>départements</i></div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City boundary marker between Sumedang Regency and Bandung Regency, located in Indonesia. Photo was taken from Sumedang side."><img alt="City boundary marker between Sumedang Regency and Bandung Regency, located in Indonesia. Photo was taken from Sumedang side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg/67px-KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg/101px-KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/80/KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg/135px-KabSmd-KabBdg-Marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">City boundary marker between <a href="/wiki/Sumedang_Regency" title="Sumedang Regency">Sumedang Regency</a> and <a href="/wiki/Bandung_Regency" title="Bandung Regency">Bandung Regency</a>, located in <a href="/wiki/Indonesia" title="Indonesia">Indonesia</a>. Photo was taken from Sumedang side.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="City boundary marker between Bandung City and Cimahi City, Indonesia, as a result of former's enlargement by the government regulation changes in 1987. Photo was taken from Bandung side."><img alt="City boundary marker between Bandung City and Cimahi City, Indonesia, as a result of former's enlargement by the government regulation changes in 1987. Photo was taken from Bandung side." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg/67px-BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg" decoding="async" width="67" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg/101px-BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d7/BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg/135px-BoundaryMarker_BdgCimahi.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2340" data-file-height="4160" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">City boundary marker between <a href="/wiki/Bandung" title="Bandung">Bandung City</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cimahi" title="Cimahi">Cimahi City</a>, Indonesia, as a result of former's enlargement by the <a href="/wiki/Government_of_Indonesia" title="Government of Indonesia">government</a> regulation changes in 1987. Photo was taken from Bandung side. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Symbolic Finnish border marker on casters in the immigration hall of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport."><img alt="Symbolic Finnish border marker on casters in the immigration hall of Helsinki-Vantaa Airport." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg/64px-Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg" decoding="async" width="64" height="120" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg/96px-Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dc/Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg/128px-Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport_Finnish_border_boundary_marker.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1976" data-file-height="3688" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"> Symbolic Finnish border marker on <a href="/wiki/Caster" title="Caster">casters</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Immigration" title="Immigration">immigration</a> hall of <a href="/wiki/Helsinki-Vantaa_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Helsinki-Vantaa Airport">Helsinki-Vantaa Airport</a>. </div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A triangulation station in Fangchuan, China, one of three set by treaty, the actual China–North Korea–Russia tripoint being riverine."><img alt="A triangulation station in Fangchuan, China, one of three set by treaty, the actual China–North Korea–Russia tripoint being riverine." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg/120px-%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg/180px-%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg/240px-%E4%B8%89%E3%82%AB%E5%9B%BD%E8%BE%BA%E5%A2%83%E8%A8%98%E5%BF%B5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1300" data-file-height="975" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Triangulation_station" title="Triangulation station">triangulation station</a> in <a href="/wiki/Fangchuan" title="Fangchuan">Fangchuan</a>, China, one of three set by treaty, the actual <a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93North_Korea%E2%80%93Russia_tripoint" title="China–North Korea–Russia tripoint">China–North Korea–Russia tripoint</a> being riverine. </div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bai_Sema" class="mw-redirect" title="Bai Sema">Bai Sema</a>, which delimit sacred areas</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Border_barrier" title="Border barrier">Border barrier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butts_and_bounds" title="Butts and bounds">Butts and bounds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dreiherrenstein" title="Dreiherrenstein">Dreiherrenstein</a>, historical tripoints of the Holy Roman Empire</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kudurru" title="Kudurru">Kudurru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Landmark" title="Landmark">Landmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milestone" title="Milestone">Milestone</a>, mile peg or <a href="/wiki/Kilometre" title="Kilometre">kilometre</a> sign</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Survey_marker" title="Survey marker">Survey marker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triangulation_station" title="Triangulation station">Triangulation station</a> (Trig Point – Australia/NZ/UK)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripoint" title="Tripoint">Tripoint</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Boundary_marker&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-straight-border-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-straight-border_1-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output 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United States Government Printing Office. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ/page/n80">71</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Boundaries+of+the+United+States&rft.pages=71&rft.pub=United+States+Government+Printing+Office&rft.date=1976&rft.aulast=Van+Zandt&rft.aufirst=Franklin+K.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_skxAAAAAIAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABoundary+marker" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 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