Foreground service types are required

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><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>All apps</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/about/versions/14/behavior-changes-14" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /about/versions/14/behavior-changes-14" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/about/versions/14/behavior-changes-14" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Apps targeting Android 14</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/schedule-exact-alarms" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /about/versions/14/changes/schedule-exact-alarms" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/about/versions/14/changes/schedule-exact-alarms" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Schedule exact alarms are denied by default</span></a></li><li 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tooltip>API diffs - API 33 → API 34</span></a></li><li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/about/versions/14/reference/compat-framework-changes" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /about/versions/14/reference/compat-framework-changes" track-type="bookNav" track-name="click" track-metadata-eventdetail="/about/versions/14/reference/compat-framework-changes" ><span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>Compatibility framework changes</span></a></li></ul></div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-divider devsite-nav-heading"><div class="devsite-nav-title devsite-nav-title-no-path"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip>App compatibility</span> </div></li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"><a href="/guide/app-compatibility" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Book nav link, pathname: /guide/app-compatibility" track-type="bookNav" 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<span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Social & messaging </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/health-and-fitness" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Health & Fitness" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Health & Fitness </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/productivity" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Productivity" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Productivity </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/work/overview" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Enterprise apps" track-type="navMenu" 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data-label="Responsive Tab: Navigation" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Navigation </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/topic/modularization" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Modularization" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Modularization </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/training/testing/fundamentals" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Testing" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Testing </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item devsite-nav-heading"> <span class="devsite-nav-title" tooltip > <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Quality </span> </span> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Overview" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Overview </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/core-value" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: Core value" track-type="navMenu" track-metadata-eventDetail="globalMenu" track-metadata-position="nav"> <span class="devsite-nav-text" tooltip > Core value </span> </a> </li> <li class="devsite-nav-item"> <a href="/quality/user-experience" class="devsite-nav-title gc-analytics-event " data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Responsive Tab: User experience" track-type="navMenu" 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class="devsite-article-meta nocontent" role="navigation"> <ul class="devsite-breadcrumb-list" aria-label="Breadcrumb"> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <a href="https://developer.android.com/" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="1" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="1" track-metadata-eventdetail="Android Developers" > Android Developers </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/get-started" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="2" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="2" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Essentials </a> </li> <li class="devsite-breadcrumb-item "> <div class="devsite-breadcrumb-guillemet material-icons" aria-hidden="true"></div> <a href="https://developer.android.com/about/versions" class="devsite-breadcrumb-link gc-analytics-event" data-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" data-label="Breadcrumbs" data-value="3" track-type="globalNav" track-name="breadcrumb" track-metadata-position="3" track-metadata-eventdetail="" > Releases </a> </li> </ul> <devsite-thumb-rating position="header"> </devsite-thumb-rating> </div> <h1 class="devsite-page-title" tabindex="-1"> Foreground service types are required </h1> <devsite-feature-tooltip ack-key="AckCollectionsBookmarkTooltipDismiss" analytics-category="Site-Wide Custom Events" analytics-action-show="Callout Profile displayed" analytics-action-close="Callout Profile dismissed" analytics-label="Create Collection Callout" class="devsite-page-bookmark-tooltip nocontent" dismiss-button="true" id="devsite-collections-dropdown" dismiss-button-text="Dismiss" close-button-text="Got it"> <devsite-bookmark></devsite-bookmark> <span slot="popout-heading"> Stay organized with collections </span> <span slot="popout-contents"> Save and categorize content based on your preferences. </span> </devsite-feature-tooltip> <div class="devsite-page-title-meta"><devsite-view-release-notes></devsite-view-release-notes></div> <devsite-toc class="devsite-nav" depth="2" devsite-toc-embedded > </devsite-toc> <devsite-recommendations-dropdown class="nocontent"></devsite-recommendations-dropdown> <div class="devsite-article-body clearfix "> <p>To help developers be more intentional with defining user-facing <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services">foreground services</a>, Android 10 introduced the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code> attribute within the <a href="/guide/topics/manifest/service-element"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><service></code></a> element.</p> <p>If your app targets Android 14, it must specify appropriate foreground service types. As in previous versions of Android, multiple types can be combined. This list shows the foreground service types to choose from:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#camera"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">camera</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#connected-device"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">connectedDevice</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#data-sync"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">dataSync</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#health"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">health</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#location"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">location</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#media"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediaPlayback</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#media-projection"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediaProjection</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#microphone"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">microphone</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#phone-call"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">phoneCall</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#remote-messaging"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">remoteMessaging</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#short-service"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#special-use"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">specialUse</code></a></li> <li><a href="/about/versions/14/changes/fgs-types-required#system-exempted"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">systemExempted</code></a></li> </ul> <p>If a use case in your app isn't associated with any of these types, we strongly recommend that you migrate your logic to use <a href="/topic/libraries/architecture/workmanager">WorkManager</a> or <a href="/develop/background-work/background-tasks/uidt">user-initiated data transfer jobs</a>.</p> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">health, remoteMessaging, shortService, specialUse</code>, and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">systemExempted</code> types are new in Android 14.</p> <p>The following code snippet provides an example of a foreground service type declaration in the manifest:</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="XML"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><manifest<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>...> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><uses-permission<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE"<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>/> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><uses-permission<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:name="android.permission.FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK"<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>/> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><application<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>...> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><service <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:name=".MyMediaPlaybackService" <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:foregroundServiceType="mediaPlayback" <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:exported="false"> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span></service> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span></application> </manifest> </code></pre></devsite-code> <p>If an app that targets Android 14 doesn't define types for a given service in the manifest, then the system will raise <code translate="no" dir="ltr">MissingForegroundServiceTypeException</code> upon calling <a href="/reference/android/app/Service#startForeground(int,%20android.app.Notification)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></a> for that service.</p> <h2 id="permission-for-fgs-type" data-text="Declare new permission to use foreground service types" tabindex="-1">Declare new permission to use foreground service types</h2> <p>If apps that target Android 14 use a foreground service, they must declare a specific permission, based on the foreground service type, that Android 14 introduces. These permissions appear in the sections labeled "permission that you must declare in your manifest file" in the <a href="#use-cases">intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type</a> section on this page.</p> <p>All of the permissions are defined as <a href="/guide/topics/permissions/overview#install-time">normal permissions</a> and are granted by default. Users cannot revoke these permissions.</p> <aside class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong><span> If you call <a href="/reference/android/app/Service#startForeground(int,%20android.app.Notification)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></a> without declaring the appropriate foreground service type permission, the system throws a <a href="/reference/java/lang/SecurityException"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">SecurityException</code></a>.</span></aside> <h3 id="include-fgs-type-runtime" data-text="Include foreground service type at runtime" tabindex="-1">Include foreground service type at runtime</h3> <p>The best practice for applications starting foreground services is to use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ServiceCompat</code> version of <a href="/reference/androidx/core/app/ServiceCompat#startForeground(android.app.Service,int,android.app.Notification,int)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></a> (available in androidx-core 1.12 and higher) where you pass in a bitwise integer of foreground service types. You can choose to pass one or more type values.</p> <p>Usually, you should declare only the types required for a particular use case. This makes it easier to meet the <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#fgs-prerequisites">system's expectations for each foreground service type</a>. In cases where a foreground service is started with multiple types, then the foreground service must adhere to the <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#runtime-permissions">platform enforcement requirements</a> of <strong>all</strong> types.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="Kotlin"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><span class="devsite-syntax-n">ServiceCompat</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">.</span><span class="devsite-syntax-na">startForeground</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">(</span><span class="devsite-syntax-m">0</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">notification</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">,</span><span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><span class="devsite-syntax-n">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION</span><span class="devsite-syntax-p">)</span> </code></pre></devsite-code> <p>If the foreground service type is not specified in the call, the type defaults to the values defined in the manifest. If you didn't specify the service type in the manifest, the system throws <a href="/reference/android/app/MissingForegroundServiceTypeException"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MissingForegroundServiceTypeException</code></a>.</p> <p>If the foreground service needs new permissions after you launch it, you should call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code> again and add the new service types. For example, suppose a fitness app runs a running-tracker service that always needs <code translate="no" dir="ltr">location</code> information, but might or might not need <code translate="no" dir="ltr">media</code> permissions. You would need to declare both <code translate="no" dir="ltr">location</code> and <code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediaPlayback</code> in the manifest. If a user starts a run and just wants their location tracked, your app should call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code> and pass just the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">location</code> service type. Then, if the user wants to start playing audio, call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code> again and pass <code translate="no" dir="ltr">location|mediaPlayback</code>.</p> <p><a id="system-checks-appropriate-use-fgs"></a></p> <h2 id="system-runtime-checks" data-text="System runtime checks" tabindex="-1">System runtime checks</h2> <p>The system checks for proper use of foreground service types and confirms that the app has requested the proper runtime permissions or uses the required APIs. For instance, the system expects apps that use the foreground service type <a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION</code></a> type to request either <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION</code>.</p> <p>This implies that apps must follow a very specific order of operations when requesting permissions from the user and starting foreground services. Permissions must be requested and granted <em>before</em> the app attempts to call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code>. Apps that request the appropriate permissions after the foreground service has been started must change this order of operations and request the permission before starting the foreground service.</p> <aside class="caution"><strong>Caution:</strong><span> If your app doesn't fulfill all of the runtime requirements for starting a foreground service, the system throws a <a href="/reference/java/lang/SecurityException"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">SecurityException</code></a> after you call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code> for that service. This prevents the foreground service from starting, might cause a running foreground service to be removed from the foreground process state, and might cause your app to crash.</span></aside> <p>The specifics of platform enforcement appear in the sections labeled "runtime requirements" in the <a href="#use-cases">intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type</a> section on this page.</p> <h2 id="use-cases" data-text="Intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type" tabindex="-1">Intended use cases and enforcement for each foreground service type</h2> <p>In order to use a given foreground service type, you must declare a particular permission in your manifest file, you must fulfill specific runtime requirements, and your app must fulfill one of the intended sets of use cases for that type. The following sections explain the permission that you must declare, the runtime prerequisites, and the intended use cases for each type.</p> <h3 id="camera" data-text="Camera" tabindex="-1">Camera</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under <code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">camera</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CAMERA</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CAMERA</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>Request and be granted the <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#CAMERA"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CAMERA</code></a> runtime permission</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">CAMERA</code> runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">camera</code> foreground service while your app is in the background, <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions-exemptions">with a few exceptions</a>. For more information, see <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions">Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions</a>.</p></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Continue to access the camera from the background, such as video chat apps that allow for multitasking.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="connected-device" data-text="Connected device" tabindex="-1">Connected device</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">connectedDevice</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_CONNECTED_DEVICE</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_CONNECTED_DEVICE</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>At least one of the following conditions must be true:</p> <ul> <li><p>Declare at least one of the following permissions in your manifest:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CHANGE_NETWORK_STATE</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#CHANGE_WIFI_STATE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CHANGE_WIFI_STATE</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CHANGE_WIFI_MULTICAST_STATE</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#NFC"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">NFC</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#TRANSMIT_IR"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">TRANSMIT_IR</code></a></li> </ul></li> <li><p>Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#BLUETOOTH_CONNECT"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">BLUETOOTH_CONNECT</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">BLUETOOTH_ADVERTISE</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#BLUETOOTH_SCAN"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">BLUETOOTH_SCAN</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#UWB_RANGING"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">UWB_RANGING</code></a></li> </ul></li> <li><p>Call <a href="/reference/android/hardware/usb/UsbManager#requestPermission(android.hardware.usb.UsbDevice,%20android.app.PendingIntent)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">UsbManager.requestPermission()</code></a></p></li> </ul></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Interactions with external devices that require a Bluetooth, NFC, IR, USB, or network connection.</p> <aside class="note"><strong>Note:</strong><span> If your app performs a projection or remote messaging operation, use the corresponding <a href="#media-projection">media projection</a> or <a href="#remote-messaging">remote messaging</a> type instead.</span></aside></dd> <dt>Alternatives</dt> <dd><p>If your app needs to do continuous data transfer to an external device, consider using the <a href="/guide/topics/connectivity/companion-device-pairing">companion device manager</a> instead. Use the <a href="/guide/topics/connectivity/companion-device-pairing#keep-awake">companion device presence API</a> to help your app stay running while the companion device is in range.</p></dd> <dd><p>If your app needs to scan for bluetooth devices, consider using the <a href="/guide/topics/connectivity/bluetooth/find-ble-devices">Bluetooth scan API</a> instead.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="data-sync" data-text="Data sync" tabindex="-1">Data sync</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">dataSync</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_DATA_SYNC</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_DATA_SYNC</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Data transfer operations, such as the following:</p> <ul> <li>Data upload or download</li> <li>Backup-and-restore operations</li> <li>Import or export operations</li> <li>Fetch data</li> <li>Local file processing</li> <li>Transfer data between a device and the cloud over a network</li> </ul></dd> <dt>Alternatives</dt> <dd><p>See <a href="/about/versions/15/changes/datasync-migration">Alternatives to data sync foreground services</a> for detailed information.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="health" data-text="Health" tabindex="-1">Health</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">health</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_HEALTH</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_HEALTH</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>At least one of the following conditions must be true:</p> <ul> <li><p>Declare the <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">HIGH_SAMPLING_RATE_SENSORS</code></a> permission in your manifest.</p></li> <li><p>Request and be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#BODY_SENSORS"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">BODY_SENSORS</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACTIVITY_RECOGNITION</code></a></li> </ul></li> </ul> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">BODY_SENSORS</code> runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">health</code> foreground service that uses body sensors while your app is in the background, <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions-exemptions">with a few exceptions</a>. For more information, see <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions">Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions</a>.</p></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Any long-running use cases to support apps in the fitness category such as exercise trackers.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="location" data-text="Location" tabindex="-1">Location</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">location</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_LOCATION</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_LOCATION</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>The user must have enabled location services and the app must be granted at least one of the following runtime permissions:</p> <ul> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION</code></a></li> <li><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION</code></a></li> </ul> <p><strong>Note:</strong> In order to check that the user has enabled location services as well as granted access to the runtime permissions, use <a href="/reference/androidx/core/content/PermissionChecker#checkSelfPermission(android.content.Context,java.lang.String)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">PermissionChecker#checkSelfPermission()</code></a></p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The location runtime permissions are subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">location</code> foreground service while your app is in the background, unless you've been granted the <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION</code></a> runtime permission. For more information, see <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions">Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions</a>.</p></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Long-running use cases that require location access, such as navigation and location sharing.</p></dd> <dt>Alternatives</dt> <dd><p>If your app needs to be triggered when the user reaches specific locations, consider using the <a href="/training/location/geofencing">geofence API</a> instead.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="media" data-text="Media" tabindex="-1">Media</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediaPlayback</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PLAYBACK</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd>Continue audio or video playback from the background. Support Digital Video Recording (DVR) functionality on <a href="/training/tv/tif/content-recording">Android TV</a>.</dd> <dt>Alternatives</dt> <dd>If you're showing picture-in-picture video, use <a href="/develop/ui/views/picture-in-picture">Picture-in-Picture mode</a>.</dd> </dl> <h3 id="media-projection" data-text="Media projection" tabindex="-1">Media projection</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">mediaProjection</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MEDIA_PROJECTION</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MEDIA_PROJECTION</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>Call the <a href="/reference/android/media/projection/MediaProjectionManager#createScreenCaptureIntent(android.media.projection.MediaProjectionConfig)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">createScreenCaptureIntent()</code></a> method before starting the foreground service. Doing so shows a permission notification to the user; the user must grant the permission before you can create the service.</p></dd> <dd><p>After you have created the foreground service, you can call <a href="/reference/android/media/projection/MediaProjectionManager#getMediaProjection(int,%20android.content.Intent)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MediaProjectionManager.getMediaProjection()</code></a>.</p></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Project content to non-primary display or external device using the <a href="/reference/android/media/projection/MediaProjection"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MediaProjection</code></a> APIs. This content doesn't have to be exclusively media content.</p></dd> <dt>Alternatives</dt> <dd><p>To stream media to another device, use the <a href="https://developers.google.com/cast/docs/android_sender">Google Cast SDK</a>.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="microphone" data-text="Microphone" tabindex="-1">Microphone</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">microphone</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_MICROPHONE</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_MICROPHONE</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>Request and be granted the <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#RECORD_AUDIO"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">RECORD_AUDIO</code></a> runtime permission.</p> <p><strong>Note:</strong> The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">RECORD_AUDIO</code> runtime permission is subject to while-in-use restrictions. For this reason, you cannot create a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">microphone</code> foreground service while your app is in the background, <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions-exemptions">with a few exceptions</a>. For more information, see <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#wiu-restrictions">Restrictions on starting foreground services that need while-in-use permissions</a>.</p></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Continue microphone capture from the background, such as voice recorders or communication apps.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="phone-call" data-text="Phone call" tabindex="-1">Phone call</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">phoneCall</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_PHONE_CALL</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_PHONE_CALL</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd><p>At least one of these conditions must be true:</p></dd> <dd><ul> <li>App has declared the <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#MANAGE_OWN_CALLS"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">MANAGE_OWN_CALLS</code></a> permission in its manifest file.</li> </ul></dd> <dd><ul> <li>App is the default dialer app through the <a href="/reference/android/app/role/RoleManager#ROLE_DIALER"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ROLE_DIALER</code></a> role.</li> </ul></dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Continue an ongoing call using the <a href="/reference/android/telecom/ConnectionService"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ConnectionService</code></a> APIs.</p></dd> <dt>Alternatives</dt> <dd><p>If you need to make phone, video, or VoIP calls, consider using the <a href="/reference/android/telecom/package-summary"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android.telecom</code></a> library.</p></dd> <dd><p>Consider using <a href="/reference/android/telecom/CallScreeningService"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">CallScreeningService</code></a> to screen calls.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="remote-messaging" data-text="Remote messaging" tabindex="-1">Remote messaging</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">remoteMessaging</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_REMOTE_MESSAGING</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_REMOTE_MESSAGING</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd>Transfer text messages from one device to another. Assists with continuity of a user's messaging tasks when they switch devices.</dd> </dl> <h3 id="short-service" data-text="Short service" tabindex="-1">Short service</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Quickly finish critical work that cannot be interrupted or postponed.</p> <p>This type has some unique characteristics:</p> <ul> <li>Can only run for a short period of time (about 3 minutes).</li> <li>No support for <a href="/reference/android/app/Service#START_STICKY">sticky</a> foreground services.</li> <li>Cannot start other foreground services.</li> <li>Doesn't require a <a href="#permission-for-fgs-type">type-specific permission</a>, though it still requires the <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE</code></a> permission.</li> <li>A <code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code> can only change to another service type if the app is currently eligible to start a new foreground service.</li> <li>A foreground service can change its type to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code> at any time, at which point the timeout period begins.</li> </ul> <p>The timeout for shortService begins from the moment that <a href="/reference/android/app/Service#startForeground(int,%20android.app.Notification,%20int)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.startForeground()</code></a> is called. The app is expected to call <a href="/reference/android/app/Service#stopSelf()"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.stopSelf()</code></a> or <a href="/reference/android/app/Service#stopForeground(int)"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.stopForeground()</code></a> before the timeout occurs. Otherwise, the new <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.onTimeout()</code> is called, giving apps a brief opportunity to call <code translate="no" dir="ltr">stopSelf()</code> or <code translate="no" dir="ltr">stopForeground()</code> to stop their service.</p> <p>A short time after <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.onTimeout()</code> is called, the app enters a <a href="/guide/components/activities/process-lifecycle">cached state</a> and is no longer considered to be in the foreground, unless the user is actively interacting with the app. A short time after the app is cached and the service has not stopped, the app receives an <a href="/topic/performance/vitals/anr">ANR</a>. The ANR message mentions <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE</code>. For these reasons, it's considered best practice to implement the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.onTimeout()</code> callback.</p> <p>The <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.onTimeout()</code> callback doesn't exist on Android 13 and lower. If the same service runs on such devices, it doesn't receive a timeout, nor does it ANR. Make sure that your service stops as soon as it finishes the processing task, even if it hasn't received the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.onTimeout()</code> callback yet.</p> <p>It's important to note that if the timeout of the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code> is not respected, the app will ANR even if it has other valid foreground services or other app lifecycle processes running.</p> <p>If an app is visible to the user or satisfies one of the <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#background-start-restriction-exemptions">exemptions</a> that allow foreground services to be started from the background, calling <code translate="no" dir="ltr">Service.StartForeground()</code> again with the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SHORT_SERVICE</code> parameter extends the timeout by another 3 minutes. If the app isn't visible to the user and doesn't satisfy one of the <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services#background-start-restriction-exemptions">exemptions</a>, any attempt to start another foreground service, regardless of type, causes a <a href="/reference/android/app/ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ForegroundServiceStartNotAllowedException</code></a>.</p> <p>If a user disables <a href="https://support.google.com/pixelphone/answer/7015477" class="external">battery optimization</a> for your app, it's still affected by the timeout of shortService FGS.</p> <p>If you start a foreground service that includes the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code> type and another foreground service type, the system ignores the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">shortService</code> type declaration. However, the service must still adhere to the prerequisites of the other declared types. For more information, see the <a href="/guide/components/foreground-services">Foreground services documentation</a>.</p></dd> </dl> <h3 id="special-use" data-text="Special use" tabindex="-1">Special use</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">specialUse</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SPECIAL_USE</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Covers any valid foreground service use cases that aren't covered by the other foreground service types.</p> <p>In addition to declaring the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SPECIAL_USE</code> foreground service type, developers should declare use cases in the manifest. To do so, they specify the <code translate="no" dir="ltr"><property></code> element within the <a href="/guide/topics/manifest/service-element"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><service></code></a> element. These values and corresponding use cases are reviewed when you submit your app in the Google Play Console. The use cases you provide are free-form, and you should make sure to provide enough information to let the reviewer see why you need to use the <code translate="no" dir="ltr">specialUse</code> type.</p> <div></div><devsite-code><pre class="devsite-click-to-copy" translate="no" dir="ltr" is-upgraded syntax="XML"><code translate="no" dir="ltr"><service<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:name="fooService"<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:foregroundServiceType="specialUse"> <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span><property<span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:name="android.app.PROPERTY_SPECIAL_USE_FGS_SUBTYPE" <span class="devsite-syntax-w"> </span>android:value="explanation_for_special_use"/> </service> </code></pre></devsite-code></dd> </dl> <h3 id="system-exempted" data-text="System exempted" tabindex="-1">System exempted</h3> <dl> <dt>Foreground service type to declare in manifest under</dt> <dt><code translate="no" dir="ltr">android:foregroundServiceType</code></dt> <dd><code translate="no" dir="ltr">systemExempted</code></dd> <dt>Permission to declare in your manifest</dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED</code></a></dd> <dt>Constant to pass to <code translate="no" dir="ltr">startForeground()</code></dt> <dd><a href="/reference/android/content/pm/ServiceInfo#FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">FOREGROUND_SERVICE_TYPE_SYSTEM_EXEMPTED</code></a></dd> <dt>Runtime prerequisites</dt> <dd>None</dd> <dt>Description</dt> <dd><p>Reserved for system applications and specific system integrations, to continue to use foreground services.</p> <p>To use this type, an app must meet at least one of the following criteria:</p></dd> </dl> <ul> <li>Device is in demo mode state</li> <li>App is a <a href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/admin/provision" class="external">Device Owner</a> </li> <li>App is a <a href="https://source.android.com/devices/tech/admin/managed-profiles" class="external">Profiler Owner</a> </li> <li>Safety Apps that have the <a href="/reference/android/app/role/RoleManager#ROLE_EMERGENCY"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">ROLE_EMERGENCY</code></a> role</li> <li><a href="/work/device-admin">Device Admin</a> apps</li> <li>Apps holding <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">SCHEDULE_EXACT_ALARM</code></a> or <a href="/reference/android/Manifest.permission#USE_EXACT_ALARM"><code translate="no" dir="ltr">USE_EXACT_ALARM</code></a> permission and are using Foreground Service to continue alarms in the background, including haptics-only alarms.</li> <li><p>VPN apps (configured using <strong>Settings > Network & Internet > VPN</strong>)</p> <p>Otherwise, declaring this type causes the system to throw a <code translate="no" dir="ltr">ForegroundServiceTypeNotAllowedException</code>.</p></li> </ul> <h2 id="google-play-enforcement" data-text="Google Play policy enforcement for using foreground service types" tabindex="-1">Google Play policy enforcement for using foreground service types</h2> <p>If your app targets Android 14 or higher, you'll need to declare your app's foreground service types in the Play Console's app content page (<strong>Policy > App content</strong>). For more information on how to declare your foreground service types in Play Console, see <a href="https://support.google.com/googleplay/android-developer/answer/13392821">Understanding foreground service and full-screen intent requirements</a>.</p> <devsite-hats-survey class="nocontent" hats-id="VxqvKSur40kxBYCLVTd0SSGykbno" listnr-id="5207477"></devsite-hats-survey> </div> <devsite-recommendations display="in-page" hidden yield> </devsite-recommendations> <devsite-thumb-rating position="footer"> </devsite-thumb-rating> <devsite-recommendations id="recommendations-link" yield></devsite-recommendations> <div class="devsite-floating-action-buttons"> </div> </article> <devsite-content-footer class="nocontent"> <p>Content and code samples on this page are subject to the licenses described in the <a href="/license">Content License</a>. 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