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The book also provides a cognitive pragmatics description of how addressees obtain humorous effects. Although the inferences at work in the processing of normal, non-humorous discourses are the same as those employed in the interpretation of humour, in the latter case these strategies (and also the accessibility of contextual information) are predicted and manipulated by the speaker (or writer) for the sake of generating humorous effects. The book covers aspects of research on humour such as the incongruity-resolution pattern, jokes and stand-up comedy performances. 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Chapters Eight and Nine deal with multimodal discourses : cartoons in the\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PR19\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA3","page_number":"3","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. inferential, rather than the output of decoding. Humans take the speaker\u0026#39;s words as input and turn them into fully contextualised propositions that presumably match the speaker\u0026#39;s intended interpretation. Since RT is a\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA3\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA6","page_number":"6","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. of the explicit interpretation of the utterance and contextual information. An example is Ann\u0026#39;s interpretation (5) from Mike\u0026#39;s utterance, an implicature which can only be obtained by combining the information that is\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA6\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA10","page_number":"10","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Inside this general cognitive principle of relevance , there is a sub - principle that is directly applied to ostensive communication ( instances of intentional communication whose underlying intentionality is also\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA10\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA14","page_number":"14","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. These two conditions of relevance are centred upon the actual information communicated by the utterance, but there are also non-propositional aspects that may play a part in the eventual relevance of the information\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA14\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA18","page_number":"18","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. ( 18 ) Information already available ( from encyclopaedic knowledge ) : a . Mary has just got divorced . b . Her ex is called John . C. She and her ex can\u0026#39;t stand each other . d . Whenever they meet they argue a lot . e\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA18\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA23","page_number":"23","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. so as to turn it into a relevant interpretation that presumably matches the one intended by the speaker. The logical form is the outcome of decoding and the only context- and inference-free stage of interpretation. Among\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA26","page_number":"26","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Propositional attitude ascription is tightly related to the human capacity for meta- representation.20 As summarised in \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e ( 2003b : 1318 ) , human beings have the ability to interpret any expression - token as\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA31","page_number":"31","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Contextual information needed: (1) People do not look odd if they wear what everybody is wearing. (More) Implicit answer (2): We are in Africa. Contextual information needed: (1) Many women in Africa wear cover cloths. (2)\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA32","page_number":"32","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. In Figure 1.2 , we can see how the typical object of pragmatic research is the intentional communication of explicit and / or implicated propositions , the latter being stronger or weaker depending on the speaker\u0026#39;s support\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA39","page_number":"39","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. (1) A policeman in Washington D.C. stops a lady and asks for her license. He says “Lady, it says here that you should be wearing glasses.” The woman answers “Well, I have contacts.” The policeman replies “I don\u0026#39;t care who\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA47","page_number":"47","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. as part of the task of building up an appropriate scenario of the joke ( the so - called make - sense frame ) and as part of the necessary inferential strategies intended to reach an adequate interpretation of the joke\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA50","page_number":"50","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. (e.g. an utterance directed at us) or are the result of a non-ostensive transmission of information (e.g. concluding that someone is embarrassed by observing the blush on her face), and even one\u0026#39;s thoughts on a particular\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA52","page_number":"52","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. in instructing the hearer to go through more effortful processing than would be demanded in normal – bona - fide – circumstances : epistemic vigilance checks , on the one hand , our interlocutors \u0026#39; benevolence and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA54","page_number":"54","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. more effort ) . This claim is also at work – and manipulated – in humorous com- municative instances . The hearer will evaluate and choose interpretations in the specific context in which they are processed . What is meant\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA56","page_number":"56","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. ( 17 ) The woman was in bed with her lover and had just told him how stupid her husband was when the door was thrown open and there stood her husband . He glared at her lover and bellowed , “ What are you doing ? \u0026quot; \u0026quot; There\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA57","page_number":"57","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. purely personal level, since there are individuals who are simply unable to \u0026#39;get\u0026#39; the jokes or they find irritating the jokes that most people find funny (Graham 1995, Dynel 2007: 260–265). Therefore, the same humorous\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA59","page_number":"59","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Ethnicity is an example that constraints the effectiveness of humorous dis- courses both in how the addressee of the discourse reacts to the humorous discourse depending on her ethnic origin, and also in how this discourse\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA62","page_number":"62","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Joke ( 19 ) plays with the construction of logical forms , also called semantic rep- resentations . The hearer has to identify the grammatical sequence of words in the utterance before ascribing contextualised meaning to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA63","page_number":"63","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. ( 22 ) Q. What do a meteorologist in a snowstorm and a woman\u0026#39;s sex life have in common ? A. They\u0026#39;re both concerned with how many inches and how long it will last . The second utterance in this joke involves saturation to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA65","page_number":"65","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. chapter. 3. Incongruity-resolution. revisited. 3.1 Introduction In the bibliography it is commonly acknowledged that there are three main theories (or, rather, approaches) of humour (see Lynch 2002, Morreall 2009b, Hildebrand\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA70","page_number":"70","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. patterns , one of the most frequent joke structures . Ruch ( 1992 : 31 ) goes as far as to claim that “ there is general agreement about the existence of this two - stage structure in the process of perceiving and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA77","page_number":"77","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. As I have already commented in passing, a problem in this model is the con- cept of salient meanings, defined as those coded in the mental lexicon. Their degree of salience may be affected by conventionality, familiarity\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA78","page_number":"78","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. mechanism would correspond to incongruity-resolution (Ritchie 2004: 56).6 It is even harder to incorporate them into a cognitive theory such as RT that focuses on how humorous texts are inferred, since these theories seem\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA85","page_number":"85","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Bednarek ( 2005 : 688 ) comments that these competing terms usually differ only in emphasis and cannot easily be distinguished . Furthermore , Raskin\u0026#39;s ( 1985 : 81 ) definition of script seems to cover qualities ascribed\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA89","page_number":"89","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. the pleasure often lies in a certain simultaneity of the alternative interpretations selected. Rather than discarding one interpretation and replacing it with another, previously unnoticed one, the hearer often entertains\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA93","page_number":"93","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. replaces it with a new , more relevant ( and humorous ) alternative , in humorous discourse the incongruity often lingers on even after a key to the incongruity has been found . In Forabosco\u0026#39;s ( 2008 : 50 ) words , if the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA97","page_number":"97","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. as RT claims , the hearer retrieves or constructs and then processes a number of assumptions in a linear , cumulative way . These assumptions form a gradually changing background against which new information is processed\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA105","page_number":"105","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. partly fits this Pattern 2 of the list of IRPs , and partly Pattern 6. The hearer acti- vates the typical frame of dealing with doctors . When the hearer encounters the word rabbit , she devotes little mental effort to\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA107","page_number":"107","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. ( 36 ) A plane crashed in deepest , darkest Africa and there were only five survivors , four men and one woman . It soon became obvious that they would never be rescued so they decided to start a small community and make\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA116","page_number":"116","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. ( 4 ) A grade school teacher was asking students what their parents did for a living . \u0026quot; Tim , you first . What does your mother do all day ? \u0026quot; Tim stood up and proudly said , \u0026quot; She\u0026#39;s a doctor . ” “ That\u0026#39;s wonderful . How\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA117","page_number":"117","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. This duality does not reflect the real quality of the inferential interpretation of jokes, in which social, collective and commonsense items of information are often combined with the interpretation of the text of the joke\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA128","page_number":"128","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. conclusion is derived by activating the cultural frame ( stereotype ) of weathermen as useless at getting the weather forecast right . Finally , in ( 21 ) the construction of an appropriate make - sense frame for the joke\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA129","page_number":"129","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. effort ) , but the last part of the joke foregrounds and forces an idiomatic meaning of the phrase ( do you have the guts to play tennis ? ) that the hearer could not have taken into account due to the general relevance\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA132","page_number":"132","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. 4.7.4 Type 4 : Make - sense frame Some jokes resort to make - sense frames as the main or only source of humorous effects , often without needing the aid of a manipulation of utterance interpretation or cultural frames\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA136","page_number":"136","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. encyclopedic features attached to anchors ) that are relevant in the current context , for example those referring to stability , reliance , etc. In ( 46b ) , by contrast , Ann is expected to select different encyclopedic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA144","page_number":"144","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. the two meanings are mutually exclusive (normally because the second one cancels the first one): the interpreter conducts an on-line analysis of a verbalisation which initially seems to be unambiguous and which yields one\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA145","page_number":"145","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. uses of words and phrases , with polysemy , and with homophony . An example would be ( 67 ) : ( 67 ) Q : Why didn\u0026#39;t Stevie Wonder and Ray Charles get on with each other ? A : Because they couldn\u0026#39;t see eye to eye . 3. No\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA148","page_number":"148","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. [ Label 1 : two possible senses in parallel ] [ Label 2 : homophony ] [ Label 3 : logical form ] ( 76 ) A very modest lady applied for a job at the factory where they made \u0026quot; Tickle me Elmo dolls ” . It was Friday and\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA149","page_number":"149","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. In ( 78 ) , the hearer comes across the chunk \u0026quot; I can\u0026#39;t decide if I should lay you or Jack off \u0026quot; and , aided by the information from the setup that is still active in the reader\u0026#39;s memory , she interprets initially that the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA153","page_number":"153","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. being instantiated in every member of the population for several generations . [ ... ] Each member of the group has , in his or her head , millions of mental repre- sentations , some short - lived , others stored in long\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA155","page_number":"155","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. 5.3 Some useful dichotomies 5.3.1 Mental versus public There are two types of representation which play an important role in cultural spread . Normally , people store many mental representations ( e.g. beliefs , con- cepts )\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA164","page_number":"164","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. have to be told that The solid wall gap . I go for the gap . [ ... ] I actually saw once a door which said this door is not an exit [ mimics puzzlement ] . [ ... ] I saw in Manchester , on the outside of a door , a notice\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA166","page_number":"166","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. racial hierarchy . In a society where racism is deeply rooted , they argue that race- based jokes reinforce racial differences , which are less likely to be critically chal- lenged when veiled through humour during the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA179","page_number":"179","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. had reached a time in her life in which what she needed was someone to give her security. And he has contracted a security guard and a dog. She didn\u0026#39;t mean that]. Here, the monologuist (Eva Hache) plays with two ad hoc\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA193","page_number":"193","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. and that may alert the hearer to an ironic intention . Furthermore , some ways to minimise the mental effort involved in activating these sources will be described . Thirdly , three theories that have addressed irony\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA201","page_number":"201","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. subsequent inferencing is contrasted . In this book , the role of previous discourse as effort - relieving in disambiguation has already been underlined . The same applies to ironical communication , since the intended\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA204","page_number":"204","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. My claim in proposing this distinction between leading and supportive con- textual sources was that human cognition , typically geared to the maximisation of relevance , has evolved in such a way that it is capable of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA215","page_number":"215","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. processed ) , he provides additional contextual support that does lead to the intended ironical interpretation . This situation resembles a dual stage , which the speaker could have prevented by making the irony more\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA219","page_number":"219","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. f . The source of the echo is located . As pointed out above , the source of the echo can be broad or specific , directed at an individual or referring to general norms , but all instances of irony involve an echoic\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA245","page_number":"245","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. predicted by the source-language speaker in order to generate humorous effects. This is the limit that will fit the proposal of a Chart of cases of greater or lesser translatability below. Secondly, the balance of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA265","page_number":"265","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. READ THE SL TEXT ( JOKE ) AS THE SL AUTHOR INTENDED HIS / HER SL AUDIENCE TO INTERPRET IT AND PREDICTING THE SL AUDIENCE\u0026#39;S COGNITIVE ENVIRONMENT MUTUAL PARALLEL ADJUSTMENT OF ... CONTEXTUAL INFORMATION NEEDED TO REACH A\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA267","page_number":"267","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. chapter 8 Multimodal humour The case of cartoons in the press 8.1 Introduction This chapter addresses cartoons in the press and the role that combinations of text and image play in the generation of humorous effects (or\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA268","page_number":"268","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. 8.2 Cartoons: Combining text and image One of the typical features of cartoons is the frequent combination of text and image (but this is not obligatory, since many cartoons are only text- or image-based). As such, they\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA269","page_number":"269","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Table 8.1 Combinations of text and image in alternative comics ( \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e 1997b ) The character\u0026#39;s utterance ... In this visual background ... Produces this implication of the bus Bus driver : \u0026quot; Are you doubting Passer - by\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA272","page_number":"272","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Scene 2: The couple are in bed. She is wearing striped pyjamas; the wallpaper is also striped. She gets up, looks at her husband sleeping, goes to the window (which has a Venetian blind), pulls down one of the strips of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA274","page_number":"274","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. In this phase of perception, some elements of the image strike the viewer as anomalous (visual metaphors typically exhibit non-natural connections of the ele- ments depicted). In short, an incongruity is detected between\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA275","page_number":"275","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. the same time, some mental effort has to be devoted to identifying the vehicle and topic images in the first place, since these are not always clearly distin- guishable, even when both images are present. 2. What kind of\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA278","page_number":"278","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. following conclusions: (a) the saucepan is the vehicle image; (b) the Earth is the topic image; (c) the encyclopaedic referent earth has qualities of the encyclopaedic referent saucepan; and (d) these are the prototypical\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA299","page_number":"299","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. CHAPTER 9 Multimodal humour The case of advertisements 9.1 Introduction : Advertising We live in an ad - saturated society . We are constantly being bombarded with advertisements everywhere . Billboards while driving on\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA308","page_number":"308","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. attention to the advertisement than she would have devoted to a more tradi- tional advertisement that simply provided positive attributes of the cars. The intended (and effort-demanding) interpretation of these\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA309","page_number":"309","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Claims 1–3 are typically found in punning in advertising, and will be explained and exemplified in Section 9.3.1. Claim 4, of a more social connotation, will be briefly described in Section 9.3.2 below. In general though\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA317","page_number":"317","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. hearer to interpret an idiomatic expression literally ( word by word ) or vice versa , a literal expression turned idiomatic . An example provided for the latter was ( 20 ) , repeated again for convenience ( see chapter 4\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA322","page_number":"322","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. be more a consequence of how the model has been applied , rather than its essen- tial explanatory apparatus \u0026quot; ( p . 237 ) . By contrast , Chiera ( 2014 : 14 ) is rather critical of RT\u0026#39;s apparent lack of inter- est in\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA327","page_number":"327","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. 2. A different issue for RT is the study of multi - party conversations in which the humorous effects cannot be located in one single utterance told by one single speaker to a number of interlocutors , but demand the\u0026nbsp;..."},{"page_id":"PA331","page_number":"331","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. References Adetunji , Akin . 2013. “ The interactional context of humor in Nigerian stand - up comedy . \u0026quot; Pragmatics 23 ( 1 ) : 1–22 . doi : 10.1075 / prag.23.1.01ade Ahern , Aoife . 2010. “ Speaker attitude in relevance\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA331\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA333","page_number":"333","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Billig, Michael. 2005. Laughter and Ridicule. Towards a Social Critique of Humour. London: Sage. Blackmore, Susan. 1998. “Imitation and the definition of a meme.” Journal of Memetics 2(2). Blackmore, Susan. 1999. The Meme\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA333\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA334","page_number":"334","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Canestrari , Carla and Bianchi , Ivana . 2013. “ From perception of contraries to humorous incon- gruities . \u0026quot; In Developments in Linguistic Humour Theory , M. Dynel ( ed . ) , 3–24 . Amsterdam and Philadelphia : John\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA334\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA335","page_number":"335","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Chang, \u003cb\u003eYu\u003c/b\u003e Y. and Bandyopadhyay, Soumava. 2014. “The impact of American advertising humor on Taiwanese consumers.” International Business \u0026amp; Economics Research Journal 13(1): 93–101. Cheng, Winnie. 2003. “Humor in\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA335\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA349","page_number":"349","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Padilla Cruz, Manuel. 2015. “On the role of vigilance in the interpretation of puns.” Humor 28(3): 469–490. Padilla-García, Xosé. 2013. “Cartoons in Spanish press: A pragmatic approach.” In Irony and Humor: From Pragmatics\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA349\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA351","page_number":"351","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Roberts , Richard M. and Kreuz , Robert J. 1994. \u0026quot; Why do people use figurative language ? \u0026quot; Psy- chological Science 5 : 159–163 . doi : 10.1111 / j.1467-9280.1994.tb00653.x Rodrigues , Marjorie . 2013. Negotiating Power\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA351\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA353","page_number":"353","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Solska , Agnieszka . 2012d . “ Enforced reversals of meanings : A lexical pragmatic perspective . \u0026quot; Paper delivered at Meaning , Context and Cognition 2012. University of Lodz ( Poland ) . Spanakaki , Delia . 2007\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA353\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA356","page_number":"356","snippet_text":"... \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e , Francisco . 1995a . Pragmática y relevancia . Un modelo escripto - icónico aplicado al discurso del cómic inglés . PhD . Thesis . Alicante : University of Alicante . \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e , Francisco . 1995b . Conversational Cooperation in\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA356\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA357","page_number":"357","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e , Francisco . 1998d . “ Relevance theory and media discourse : A verbal - visual model of com- munication . \u0026quot; Poetics 25 : 293–309 . doi : 10.1016 / S0304-422X ( 97 ) 00020 - X \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e , Francisco . 1999a . “ Towards a\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA357\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA359","page_number":"359","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Žegarac , Vladimir . 2007. “ A cognitive pragmatic perspective on communication and culture . \u0026quot; In Handbook of Intercultural Communication , H. Kotthoff and H. Spencer - Oatey ( eds . ) , 31-54 . Berlin : Mouton de Gruyter\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA359\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA361","page_number":"361","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Alvarado Ortega , B. 57 , 220 , 326 Brubaker , R. 80 , 83 , 125 Forceville , C. 269 , 271 , 274 , 276. Name Index A Adams , R. 88 Adetunji , A. 176 Ahern , A. 137 Alba - Juez , L. 202 , 221-222 Alden , D. 301 Allott , N. 1\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA361\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA363","page_number":"363","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. Lynch , O. 65 , 325 Lyons , A. 153 , 158 , 168 M Mahapatra , A. 91 Mai , R. 311 Marino , M. 40 Martin , R. 37 , 66 , 68 , 83 , 91 , 94 , 123 Martínez Sierra , J. 241-243 , 247 Martínez Tejerina , A. 247 Mascaro , O. 51\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA363\u0026dq=Yus"},{"page_id":"PA367","page_number":"367","snippet_text":"Francisco \u003cb\u003eYus\u003c/b\u003e. personal 165-166 , 187 , 308 public 38 , 155 semantic 22 , 62 resolution 71 , 91–92 discourse - based 71 , 101 frame - based 71 , 101 full 92-93 implication - based 101 null 92-93 partial 92-93 rewards , cognitive 14 S T\u0026nbsp;...","page_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=g4WyCwAAQBAJ\u0026pg=PA367\u0026dq=Yus"}],"search_query_escaped":"Yus"},{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>