CINXE.COM

Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review - PubMed

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="en" > <head itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/WebPage" prefix="og: http://ogp.me/ns#" > <meta charset="UTF-8"> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=edge"> <!-- Mobile properties --> <meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="True"> <meta name="MobileOptimized" content="320"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"> <link rel="preconnect" href="https://www.google-analytics.com"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.5ecf62baa0fa.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.452c70ce66f7.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.7bf600913d6e.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.0bfa59184c7a.css" type="text/css"> <link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/css/output.b576742ffc3e.css" type="text/css"> <title>Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review - PubMed</title> <link rel="preload" as="font" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/uswds/dist/fonts/merriweather-bold-webfont.woff2" type="font/woff2" crossorigin /> <!-- Favicons --> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/ico" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.ico" /> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon.png" /> <!-- 192x192, as recommended for Android http://updates.html5rocks.com/2014/11/Support-for-theme-color-in-Chrome-39-for-Android --> <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-192.png" /> <!-- 57x57 (precomposed) for iPhone 3GS, pre-2011 iPod Touch and older Android devices --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png"> <!-- 72x72 (precomposed) for 1st generation iPad, iPad 2 and iPad mini --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="72x72" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-72.png"> <!-- 114x114 (precomposed) for iPhone 4, 4S, 5 and post-2011 iPod Touch --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="114x114" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-114.png"> <!-- 144x144 (precomposed) for iPad 3rd and 4th generation --> <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" sizes="144x144" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/favicons/favicon-144.png"> <!-- For Pinger + Google Optimize integration (NS-820) --> <meta name="ncbi_sg_optimize_id" content=""> <!-- Mobile browser address bar color --> <meta name="theme-color" content="#20558a"> <!-- Preserve the Referrer when going from HTTPS to HTTP --> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_gtm_track" content="true"/> <!-- Logging params: Pinger defaults --> <meta name="ncbi_app" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_db" content="pubmed" /> <meta name="ncbi_phid" content="2E48000141F012750000360B9BE1C705.1.m_6" /> <meta name="ncbi_pinger_stat_url" content="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/stat" /> <meta name="log_category" content="literature" /> <meta name="ncbi_cost_center" content="pubmed" /> <!-- Logging params: Pinger custom --> <meta name="ncbi_pdid" content="abstract" /> <meta name="log_op" content="retrieve" /> <meta name="uid" content="31557907" /> <meta name="ncbi_uid" content="31557907" /> <meta name="log_displayeduids" content="31557907" /> <meta name="log_source_db" content="pubmed,pmc" /> <meta name="log_icons_present" content="true" /> <!-- Social meta tags for unfurling urls --> <meta name="description" content="Video gaming, the experience of playing electronic games, has shown several benefits for human health. Recently, numerous video gaming studies showed beneficial effects on cognition and the brain. A systematic review of video gaming has been published. However, the previous systematic review has sev …"><meta name="keywords" content="pmid:31557907, PMC6826942, doi:10.3390/brainsci9100251, Review, Denilson Brilliant T, Rui Nouchi, Ryuta Kawashima, PubMed Abstract, NIH, NLM, NCBI, National Institutes of Health, National Center for Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, MEDLINE"><meta name="robots" content="index,nofollow,noarchive"><meta property="og:title" content="Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review - PubMed"><meta property="og:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/"><meta property="og:description" content="Video gaming, the experience of playing electronic games, has shown several benefits for human health. Recently, numerous video gaming studies showed beneficial effects on cognition and the brain. A systematic review of video gaming has been published. However, the previous systematic review has sev …"><meta property="og:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:image:secure_url" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"><meta property="og:type" content="website"><meta property="og:site_name" content="PubMed"><meta name="twitter:domain" content="pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov"><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"><meta name="twitter:title" content="Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review - PubMed"><meta name="twitter:url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/"><meta name="twitter:description" content="Video gaming, the experience of playing electronic games, has shown several benefits for human health. Recently, numerous video gaming studies showed beneficial effects on cognition and the brain. A systematic review of video gaming has been published. However, the previous systematic review has sev …"><meta name="twitter:image" content="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/pubmed-meta-image-v2.jpg"> <!-- OpenSearch XML --> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/persistent/opensearch.xml" title="PubMed search"> <!-- Disables severely broken elements when no JS --> <noscript> <link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/no-script.css"> </noscript> <meta name="citation_title" content="Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review"> <meta name="citation_authors" content="Brilliant T D;Nouchi R;Kawashima R;"> <meta name="citation_date" content="09/25/2019"> <meta name="citation_publisher" content="Brain Sci"> <meta name="citation_journal_title" content="Brain sciences"> <meta name="citation_pmid" content="31557907"> <meta name="citation_abstract_html_url" content="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/"> <meta name="citation_volume" content="9"> <meta name="citation_issue" content="10"> <meta name="citation_doi" content="10.3390/brainsci9100251"> <meta name="citation_issn" content="2076-3425"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/" /> </head> <body > <noscript> <div class="no-script-banner" id="no-script-banner"> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! </div> </div> </div> </noscript> <div class="no-session-banner" id="no-session-banner" hidden> <div class="warning-message"> <div class="warning-message-text"> Clipboard, Search History, and several other advanced features are temporarily unavailable. </div> <button class="close-banner-button" title="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" ref="linksrc=close_no_session_banner" aria-controls="no-session-banner" aria-label="Close Clipboard and Search History not available warning banner" aria-expanded="true"> </button> </div> </div> <a class="usa-skipnav" href="#article-details"> Skip to main page content </a> <!-- ========== BEGIN HEADER ========== --> <section class="usa-banner"> <div class="usa-accordion"> <header class="usa-banner-header"> <div class="usa-grid usa-banner-inner"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/favicons/favicon-57.png" alt="U.S. flag" /> <p>An official website of the United States government</p> <button class="usa-accordion-button usa-banner-button" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="gov-banner-top" > <span class="usa-banner-button-text">Here's how you know</span> </button> </div> </header> <div class="usa-banner-content usa-grid usa-accordion-content" id="gov-banner-top" > <div class="usa-banner-guidance-gov usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-dot-gov.svg" alt="Dot gov" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The .gov means it’s official.</strong> <br /> Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. Before sharing sensitive information, make sure you’re on a federal government site. </p> </div> </div> <div class="usa-banner-guidance-ssl usa-width-one-half"> <img class="usa-banner-icon usa-media_block-img" src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/uswds/img/icon-https.svg" alt="Https" /> <div class="usa-media_block-body"> <p> <strong>The site is secure.</strong> <br /> The <strong>https://</strong> ensures that you are connecting to the official website and that any information you provide is encrypted and transmitted securely. </p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </section> <div class="usa-overlay"></div> <header class="ncbi-header" role="banner" data-section="Header"> <div class="usa-grid"> <div class="usa-width-one-whole"> <div class="ncbi-header__logo"> <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" class="logo" aria-label="NCBI Logo" data-ga-action="click_image" data-ga-label="NIH NLM Logo"> <img src="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/coreutils/nwds/img/logos/AgencyLogo.svg" alt="NIH NLM Logo" /> </a> </div> <div class="ncbi-header__account"> <a id="account_login" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-button header-button" style="display:none" data-ga-action="open_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu">Log in</a> <button id="account_info" class="header-button" style="display:none" aria-controls="account_popup"> <span class="fa fa-user" aria-hidden="true"></span> <span class="username desktop-only" aria-hidden="true" id="uname_short"></span> <span class="sr-only">Show account info</span> </button> </div> <div class="ncbi-popup-anchor"> <div class="ncbi-popup account-popup" id="account_popup" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="ncbi-popup-head"> <button class="ncbi-close-button" data-ga-action="close_menu" data-ga-label="account_menu"><span class="fa fa-times"></span><span class="usa-sr-only">Close</span></button> <h4>Account</h4> </div> <div class="account-user-info"> Logged in as:<br/> <b><span class="username" id="uname_long">username</span></b> </div> <div class="account-links"> <ul class="usa-unstyled-list"> <li><a id="account_myncbi" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_myncbi">Dashboard</a></li> <li><a id="account_pubs" href="/myncbi/collections/bibliography/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_pubs">Publications</a></li> <li><a id="account_settings" href="/account/settings/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_settings">Account settings</a></li> <li><a id="account_logout" href="/account/signout/" class="set-base-url" data-ga-action="click_menu_item" data-ga-label="account_logout">Log out</a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div role="navigation" aria-label="access keys"> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_0" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/guide/browsers/#ncbi_accesskeys" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="0" tabindex="-1">Access keys</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_1" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="1" tabindex="-1">NCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_2" href="/myncbi/" class="set-base-url usa-sr-only" accesskey="2" tabindex="-1">MyNCBI Homepage</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_3" href="#maincontent" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="3" tabindex="-1">Main Content</a> <a id="nws_header_accesskey_4" href="#" class="usa-sr-only" accesskey="4" tabindex="-1">Main Navigation</a> </div> <section data-section="Alerts"> <div class="ncbi-alerts-placeholder"></div> </section> <!-- ========== END HEADER ========== --> <a id="maincontent" aria-label="Main page content below" role="navigation"></a> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <form action="/" method="get" autocomplete="off" class="usa-search usa-search-big search-form content-page-layout" id="search-form" role="search"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <a class="pubmed-logo" aria-label="Pubmed Logo" href="/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="pubmed_logo"> <img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/images/pubmed-logo-blue.svg" alt="pubmed logo" /> </a> <a href="#" class="search-input-trigger" data-alt-title="Hide search bar" title="Show search bar" aria-label="Show search bar"> </a> <div role="search" class="search-input"> <div class="form-field "> <label class="usa-sr-only" for="id_term"> Search: </label> <input type="search" name="term" data-skip-ie-scroll-to-top="" data-replace-term-with-exact="" data-exact-query="" placeholder="" class="term-input" required="required" id="id_term"/><a href="#" class="clear-btn" aria-label="Clear search input" title="Clear search input" role="button" data-pinger-ignore></a><button type="submit" class="search-btn" aria-label="Search" disabled data-pinger-ignore><span class="usa-search-submit-text">Search</span></button> </div> </div> <!-- Create alert and Create RSS are buttons that look like links --> <!-- Better for them to look like buttons but no space --> <div class="search-links-wrapper content-page-layout"> <div class="search-links"> <a href="/advanced/" class="search-input-link adv-search-link" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="adv_search">Advanced</a> <a href="/clipboard/" class="search-input-link clipboard-link hidden" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="clipboard"> Clipboard <span class="amount-in-clipboard"></span> </a> </div> <span class="search-input-link user-guide-link" role="navigation" aria-label="User guide"> <a href="/help/" data-ga-category="featured_link" data-ga-action="user_guide"> User Guide </a> </span> </div> </div> </form> <div id="article-page-header"> <div id="article-top-actions-bar" class="article-top-actions-bar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="actions-container"> <div class="return-to-search"> </div> <div class="multiple-results-actions " role="region" aria-label="save, email, send to"> <button id="save-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="save-results save-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="save-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="open"> Save </button><button id="email-results-panel-trigger" type="button" class="email-results email-results-panel-trigger" aria-expanded="false" aria-controls="email-action-panel" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="open"> Email </button><div class="more-actions dropdown-block"><button id="more-actions-trigger" type="button" class="trigger more-actions-trigger" ref="linksrc=show_moreactions_btn" aria-label="Send to" aria-controls="more-actions-dropdown">Send to</button><div id="more-actions-dropdown" class="dropdown dropdown-container" hidden><div class="content"><ul class="more-actions-links"><li><a class="clipboard-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link " href="#" role="button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="clipboard" data-ga-label="send"> Clipboard </a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link bibliography-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31557907%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li><li><a role="button" class="dropdown-block-link collections-trigger-target" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31557907%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li><li><a role="button" class="citation-manager-panel-trigger dropdown-block-link citation-manager-trigger-target" href="#">Citation manager</a></li></ul></div></div></div> </div> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="article-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> </div> </div> </div> <div id="article-panels-container" class="article-panels-container"> <div id="save-action-panel" class="save-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Save citation to file </h2> <form id="save-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="save-action-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="save-action-format" name="results-format" class="action-panel-selector"> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="pubmed-text">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="csv">CSV</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Save citations to file' panel" ref="linksrc=close_save_panel" aria-controls="save-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="save" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="email-action-panel" class="email-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-recaptcha-script-url="https://www.recaptcha.net/recaptcha/enterprise.js?render=explicit&onload=onloadCaptchaCallback" data-recaptcha-enabled="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Email citation </h2> <form id="email-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/send-email/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-email-by-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/send-email/" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post" method="post" > <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <span class="action-panel-label"> Subject: </span> <span class="email-subject" id="email-subject" aria-label="Email subject">1 selected item: 31557907 - PubMed</span> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject" value="1 selected item: 31557907"/> <input type="hidden" name="email-subject-hash" value="1840322daf2bfd9917598f20bf218789843d9b96b019bcf2cfae9fe7359cad22"/> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-to" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> To: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Recipient Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-to" class="email-to" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="100" required> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-from" class="action-panel-label"> From: </label> <input type="email" aria-label="Sender Email Address" placeholder="email@example.com" id="email-from" class="email-from" pattern="^[a-zA-Z0-9_.+-]+@[a-zA-Z0-9-]+\.[a-zA-Z0-9-.]+$" maxlength="256"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="email-citation-format" class="action-panel-label"> Format: </label> <select id="email-citation-format" name="citation-format" class="action-panel-selector email-citation-format"> <option selected="selected" value="summary">Summary</option> <option value="summary-text">Summary (text)</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="abstract-text">Abstract (text)</option> </select> </div> <div class="include-supplemental-container"> <input type="checkbox" aria-label="Include MeSH and other data" name="include-supplemental" id="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental"> <label for="email-include-supplemental" class="email-include-supplemental-label">MeSH and other data</label> </div> <div class="form-field recaptcha "> <div class="g-recaptcha" id="id-recaptcha" data-sitekey="6LfsWHMdAAAAAClKbtOpjQ2pMjgsGxvv7NdZW9uI"></div> </div> <div id="captcha-error-message" class="usa-input-error-message captcha-validation-message" role="alert"></div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="send"> Send email </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Email citations' panel" ref="linksrc=close_email_panel" aria-controls="email-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="email" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details" value="" /> <input type="hidden" name="email-search-details-hash" value="0e42663a6c3bd85498fcb88798998fed7bfdc45d457db35281e41afe13cc0524" /> </form> </div> </div> <div id="collections-action-panel" class="collections-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-collections-open-panel-enabled="false" data-collections-open-panel-url-hash="#open-collections-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to Collections </h3> <form id="collections-action-panel-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-add-to-collection-max-amount="1000" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"> <label for="collections-action-panel-new">Create a new collection</label> </li> <li> <input type="radio" id="collections-action-panel-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"> <label for="collections-action-panel-existing">Add to an existing collection</label> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="controls-wrapper"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label> <input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-panel-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"> <div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"> <label for="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label> <select id="collections-action-panel-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('#collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"> </select> <div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="collections" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="bibliography-action-panel" class="bibliography-action-panel action-panel in-progress-dots-panel" aria-hidden="true" data-bibliography-open-panel-enabled="false" data-bibliography-open-panel-url-hash="#open-bibliography-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h3 class="action-panel-heading"> Add to My Bibliography </h3> <form id="bibliography-action-panel-form" class="bibliography-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-add-to-bibliography-max-amount="100" data-add-to-bibliography-batch-size="10" data-bibliography-delegates-url="/list-bibliography-delegates/" data-add-to-bibliography-url="/add-to-bibliography/" data-get-article-ids-by-search-url="/get-article-ids-by-search/" data-mybib-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/mybibliography/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap bibliographies-controls"> <div class="choice-group"> <ul class="bibliographies-action-add radio-group-items"> <li> <input name="bibliography" id="my-bibliography" class="my-bibliography" type="radio" checked/> <label for="my-bibliography">My Bibliography</label> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="bibliographies-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your delegates due to an error<br> <a href="#">Please try again</a> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore> Add </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to bibliography' panel" ref="linksrc=close_bibliography_panel" aria-controls="bibliography-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="mybib" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="saved-search-action-panel" class="saved-search-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true" data-saved-search-open-panel-enabled="false" data-saved-search-open-panel-url-hash="#open-saved-search-panel"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your saved search </h2> <form id="saved-search-action-panel-form" class="saved-search-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-saved-search-url="/create-saved-search/" data-try-search-terms-url="/try-search-term/" data-saved-search-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/searches/"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-name" class="action-panel-label saved-search-name-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of saved search: </label> <input maxlength="200" type="text" name="saved-search-name" id="saved-search-name" class="saved-search-name" value="" required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-term" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Search terms: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-term" id="saved-search-term" class="saved-search-term" required></textarea> </div> <div class="test-search-term-wrap"> <a href="#" class="try-search-term">Test search terms</a> </div> <div class="choice-group action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <span class="action-panel-label" id="fieldset-label"> Would you like email updates of new search results? </span> <fieldset id="saved-search-alert" aria-describedby="fieldset-label"> <legend class="usa-sr-only">Saved Search Alert Radio Buttons</legend> <ul class="radio-group-items"> <li> <input type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-yes" class="saved-search-alert-yes" name="saved-search-alert" value="yes" checked> <label for="saved-search-alert-yes" class="action-panel-label">Yes</label> </li> <li> <input aria-label="No radio input" type="radio" id="saved-search-alert-no" class="saved-search-alert-no" name="saved-search-alert" value="no"> <label for="saved-search-alert-no" class="action-panel-label">No</label> </li> </ul> </fieldset> </div> <div class="alert-schedule-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label class="action-panel-label"> Email: </label> <span aria-label="Email address" id="saved-search-email" class="action-panel-label"><span class="action-panel-label-bold"></span> (<a class="myncbi-account-settings" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/settings/">change</a>)</span> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="saved-search-frequency" class="action-panel-label"> Frequency: </label> <select id="saved-search-frequency" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-frequency"> <option value="monthly">Monthly</option> <option value="weekly">Weekly</option> <option value="daily">Daily</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-monthly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-monthly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector"> <option value="Sunday">The first Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">The first Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">The first Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">The first Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">The first Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">The first Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">The first Saturday</option> <option value="day">The first day</option> <option value="weekday">The first weekday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap saved-search-weekly-additional"> <label for="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="action-panel-label"> Which day? </label> <select id="saved-search-weekly-on-day" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-weekly-on-day"> <option value="Sunday">Sunday</option> <option value="Monday">Monday</option> <option value="Tuesday">Tuesday</option> <option value="Wednesday">Wednesday</option> <option value="Thursday">Thursday</option> <option value="Friday">Friday</option> <option value="Saturday">Saturday</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-report" class="action-panel-label"> Report format: </label> <select id="saved-search-report" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-report"> <option value="DocSum">Summary</option> <option value="DocSumText">Summary (text)</option> <option value="Abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="AbstractText">Abstract (text)</option> <option value="MEDLINE">PubMed</option> </select> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-amount" class="action-panel-label"> Send at most: </label> <select id="saved-search-amount" class="no-border-panel-selector saved-search-amount"> <option value="1">1 item</option> <option value="5" selected>5 items</option> <option value="10">10 items</option> <option value="20">20 items</option> <option value="50">50 items</option> <option value="100">100 items</option> <option value="200">200 items</option> </select> </div> <div> <input type="checkbox" id="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="saved-search-send-if-no-result" name="saved-search-send-if-no-result"> <label for="saved-search-send-if-no-result" class="action-panel-label smaller-checkbox"> Send even when there aren't any new results </label> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap option-text-in-email-wrap"> <label for="saved-search-email-text" class="action-panel-label"> Optional text in email: </label> <textarea name="saved-search-email-text" id="saved-search-email-text" class="saved-search-email-text"></textarea> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Saving..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Save </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your saved search' panel" ref="linksrc=close_saved_search_panel" aria-controls="saved-search-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="citation-manager-action-panel" class="citation-manager-action-panel action-panel" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Create a file for external citation management software </h2> <form id="citation-manager-action-panel-form" class="action-panel-content action-form" action="/results-export-ids/" data-by-search-action="/results-export-search-data/" data-by-ids-action="/results-export-ids/" method="post" data-by-search-method="post" data-by-ids-method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <input name="results-format" type="hidden" value="pubmed"/> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Sending..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="save"> Create file </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Send citations to citation manager' panel" ref="linksrc=close_citation_manager_panel" aria-controls="citation-manager-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="citation_manager" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div id="rss-action-panel" class="rss-action-panel action-panel " aria-hidden="true"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <h2 class="action-panel-heading"> Your RSS Feed </h2> <form id="rss-action-panel-form" class="rss-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form" data-create-rss-feed-url="/create-rss-feed-url/" data-search-form-term-value=""> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap"> <label for="rss-name" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name of RSS Feed: </label> <input maxlength="200" placeholder="Name" type="text" name="rss-name" id="rss-name" class="rss-name" value='' required pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/"> </div> <div class="rss-limit-wrap"> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap action-panel-extra-margin-top"> <label for="rss-limit" class="action-panel-label"> Number of items displayed: </label> <select id="rss-limit" class="no-border-panel-selector rss-limit"> <option value="5">5</option> <option value="10">10</option> <option value="15" selected="selected">15</option> <option value="20">20</option> <option value="50">50</option> <option value="100">100</option> </select> </div> </div> <div class="action-panel-actions"> <button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Creating..." data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="save"> Create RSS </button> <button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Your RSS' panel" ref="linksrc=close_rss_panel" aria-controls="rss-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="alert" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button> </div> <div class="action-panel-control-wrap rss-link-copy-wrap"> <label for="rss-link" class="usa-sr-only">RSS Link</label> <input placeholder="Your RSS Feed Link" type="text" name="rss-link" id="rss-link" class="rss-link" title="RSS Link"> <button type="button" disabled class="rss-link-copy-button disabled" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="rss" data-ga-label="copy"> Copy </button> </div> </form> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="article-page" id="article-page" data-article-pmid="31557907"> <aside class="page-sidebar"> <div class="inner-wrap"> <div class="full-text-links"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Full text links </h3> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://www.mdpi.com/resolver?pii=brainsci9100251" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=6383&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=31557907&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101598646" title="See full text options at MDPI" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="MDPI" data-ga-label="31557907" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--res.mdpi.com-data-pubmed-linkout.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> MDPI </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/31557907/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=31557907&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101598646" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="31557907" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> <div class="short-view"> <a href="#" class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger"> Full text links </a> </div> </div> <div class="actions-buttons sidebar"><h3 class="title">Actions</h3><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/31557907/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/31557907/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><link type="text/css" href="ncbi-overlay-block/src/overlay-block.css"><div class="collections-button-container" data-article-id="31557907" data-article-db="pubmed"><button class="collections-button collections-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Save article in MyNCBI collections." data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_button" data-collections-open-dialog-enabled="false" data-collections-open-dialog-url="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31557907%2F%23open-collections-dialog" data-in-collections="false"><span class="button-label">Collections</span></button><div class="overlay" role="dialog"><div id="collections-action-dialog" class="dialog collections-dialog" aria-hidden="true"><div class="title">Add to Collections</div><div class="collections-action-panel action-panel"><form id="collections-action-dialog-form" class="collections-action-panel-form action-panel-content action-form action-panel-smaller-selectors" data-existing-collections-url="/list-existing-collections/" data-add-to-existing-collection-url="/add-to-existing-collection/" data-create-and-add-to-new-collection-url="/create-and-add-to-new-collection/" data-myncbi-max-collection-name-length="100" data-collections-root-url="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/myncbi/collections/"><input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"><div class="choice-group" role="radiogroup"><ul class="radio-group-items"><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-new" class="collections-new" name="collections" value="new" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_new"><label for="collections-action-dialog-new">Create a new collection</label></li><li><input type="radio" id="collections-action-dialog-existing" class="collections-existing" name="collections" value="existing" checked="true" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="collections_radio_existing"><label for="collections-action-dialog-existing">Add to an existing collection</label></li></ul></div><div class="controls-wrapper"><div class="action-panel-control-wrap new-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="action-panel-label required-field-asterisk"> Name your collection: </label><input type="text" name="add-to-new-collection" id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-new" class="collections-action-add-to-new" pattern="[^&quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;\/]*" title="The following characters are not allowed in the Name field: &quot;&amp;=&lt;&gt;/" maxlength="100" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="create_collection" data-ga-label="non_favorties_collection"><div class="collections-new-name-too-long usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Name must be less than 100 characters </div></div><div class="action-panel-control-wrap existing-collections-controls"><label for="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-label"> Choose a collection: </label><select id="collections-action-dialog-add-to-existing" class="action-panel-selector collections-action-add-to-existing" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="select_collection" data-ga-label="($('.collections-action-add-to-existing').val() === 'Favorites') ? 'Favorites' : 'non_favorites_collection'"></select><div class="collections-retry-load-on-error usa-input-error-message selection-validation-message"> Unable to load your collection due to an error<br><a href="#">Please try again</a></div></div></div><div class="action-panel-actions"><button class="action-panel-submit" type="submit" data-loading-label="Adding..." data-pinger-ignore data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="add"> Add </button><button class="action-panel-cancel" aria-label="Close 'Add to Collections' panel" ref="linksrc=close_collections_panel" aria-controls="collections-action-panel" aria-expanded="false" data-ga-category="collections_button" data-ga-action="click" data-ga-label="cancel"> Cancel </button></div></form></div></div></div></div><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="sidebar-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="social-sharing"> <h3 class="title"> Share </h3> <ul class="social-sharing-links usa-unstyled-list"> <li> <a href="http://twitter.com/intent/tweet?text=Does%20Video%20Gaming%20Have%20Impacts%20on%20the%20Brain%3A%20Evidence%20from%20a%20Systematic%20Review%20https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/" class="share-link share-link-twitter" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Twitter" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="twitter"></a> </li> <li> <a href="http://www.facebook.com/sharer/sharer.php?u=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/" class="share-link share-link-facebook" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="Pubmed-Social-Media-Share-Popup" title="Share article on Facebook" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="social" data-ga-label="fb"></a> </li> <li> <div class="share-permalink"> <button class="trigger" title="Show article permalink" ref="linksrc=show_permalink_btn"> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Permalink </div> <div class="content"> <input type="text" class="permalink-text" value="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/" aria-label="Article permalink"/><button class="permalink-copy-button usa-button-primary" title="Copy article permalink" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="link" data-ga-label="copy_link"><span class="button-title">Copy</span></button> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <nav class="page-navigator" role="navigation" aria-label="Page navigation"> <div class="full-view"> <h3 class="title"> Page navigation </h3> <ul class="items-list"> <li class="heading "> <a href="#heading" aria-label="navigate to Title &amp; authors section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="heading"> Title &amp; authors </a> </li> <li class="abstract "> <a href="#abstract" aria-label="navigate to Abstract section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="abstract"> Abstract </a> </li> <li class="conflict-of-interest "> <a href="#conflict-of-interest" aria-label="navigate to Conflict of interest statement section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="conflict-of-interest"> Conflict of interest statement </a> </li> <li class="figures "> <a href="#figures" aria-label="navigate to Figures section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="figures"> Figures </a> </li> <li class="similar "> <a href="#similar" aria-label="navigate to Similar articles section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="similar"> Similar articles </a> </li> <li class="citedby "> <a href="#citedby" aria-label="navigate to Cited by section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="citedby"> Cited by </a> </li> <li class="references "> <a href="#references" aria-label="navigate to References section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="references"> References </a> </li> <li class="publication-types "> <a href="#publication-types" aria-label="navigate to Publication types section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="publication-types"> Publication types </a> </li> <li class="grants "> <a href="#grants" aria-label="navigate to Grants and funding section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="grants"> Grants and funding </a> </li> <li class="linkout "> <a href="#linkout" aria-label="navigate to LinkOut - more resources section" data-ga-category="page_nav" data-ga-action="linkout"> LinkOut - more resources </a> </li> </ul> </div> <select class="short-view" autocomplete="off" title="navigate to selected section" aria-label="Navigate to page section"> <option value="heading">Title &amp; authors</option> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="conflict-of-interest">Conflict of interest statement</option> <option value="figures">Figures</option> <option value="similar">Similar articles</option> <option value="citedby">Cited by</option> <option value="references">References</option> <option value="publication-types">Publication types</option> <option value="grants">Grants and funding</option> <option value="linkout">LinkOut - more resources</option> </select> </nav> </div> </aside> <main class="article-details" id="article-details"> <!-- "Filters applied" shows only when page is redirected from search --> <!-- because search found one result --> <header class="heading" id="heading"> <div class="full-view" id="full-view-heading"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="publication-type" >Review</div> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="full-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Brain sciences" tabindex="0" aria-controls="full-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Brain sciences" data-pinger-ignore> Brain Sci </button><div id="full-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Brain sciences"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Brain+Sci%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Brain+Sci%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Brain Sci" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Brain Sci"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Brain+Sci%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Brain Sci"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Brain Sci"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Brain Sci"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2019 Sep 25;9(10):251.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.3390/brainsci9100251. </span> </div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review </h1> <div class="inline-authors"> <div class="authors"> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brilliant+T+D&amp;cauthor_id=31557907" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Denilson Brilliant T">Denilson Brilliant T</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), East Jakarta 13210, Indonesia. d.brilliant@i3l.ac.id." href="#full-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nouchi+R&amp;cauthor_id=31557907" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rui Nouchi">Rui Nouchi</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#full-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#full-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kawashima+R&amp;cauthor_id=31557907" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ryuta Kawashima">Ryuta Kawashima</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#full-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#full-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> </div> <div class="short-article-details"> Affiliations <button class="more-details" id="toggle-authors" data-alt-text="Collapse" aria-controls="expanded-authors" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore data-fetch-url="/31557907/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title"> Expand </span> </button> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="expanded-authors" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="expanded-authors" id="full-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-1" id="full-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), East Jakarta 13210, Indonesia. d.brilliant@i3l.ac.id.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-2" id="full-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-3" id="full-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-4" id="full-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="full-view-affiliation-5" id="full-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="full-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">31557907</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC6826942&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6826942/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC6826942 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.3390/brainsci9100251&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100251" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.3390/brainsci9100251 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> <div class="short-view" id="short-view-heading"> <div class="publication-type" >Review</div> <h1 class="heading-title"> Does Video Gaming Have Impacts on the Brain: Evidence from a Systematic Review </h1> <div class="short-citation"> <span class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><span class="full-name">Denilson Brilliant T</span><span class="citation-separator">&nbsp;et al.</span></span> </span> <span class="citation-journal"> Brain Sci<span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> <span class="date"> <time class="citation-year" datetime="2019">2019</time><span class="citation-separator">.</span> </span> </div> <div class="more-article-details-section with-display-settings"> <button class="more-article-details" id="toggle-article-details" data-alt-text="Hide details" ref="linksrc=toggle_article_details" aria-controls="full-article-details" aria-expanded="false" data-fetch-url="/31557907/long-authors/" data-id-prefix=""> <span class="title">Show details</span> </button> <div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"> <button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"> <span class="button-label">Display options</span> </button> <div class="dropdown" hidden> <div class="title"> Display options </div> <div class="content"> <div class="format-container"> <span class="option-label"> Format </span> <select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="mobile-display-format"> <option value="abstract">Abstract</option> <option value="pubmed">PubMed</option> <option value="pmid">PMID</option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="extended-article-details" id="full-article-details" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="article-citation"> <div class="article-source"> <div class="journal-actions dropdown-block"><button id="short-view-journal-trigger" class="journal-actions-trigger trigger" ref="linksrc=journal_actions_btn" title="Brain sciences" tabindex="0" aria-controls="short-view-journal" aria-expanded="false" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for journal Brain sciences" data-pinger-ignore> Brain Sci </button><div id="short-view-journal" class="journal-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for journal Brain sciences"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="journal-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Brain+Sci%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Brain+Sci%22%5Bjour%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_journal_name_link&amp;journal_abbrev=Brain Sci" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Brain Sci"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-nlm-catalog-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=search_in_nlm_catalog_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nlmcatalog?term=%22Brain+Sci%22%5BTitle+Abbreviation%5D" data-ga-category="search_catalog" data-ga-action="journal_link" data-ga-label="Brain Sci"> Search in NLM Catalog </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref ="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term='"Brain Sci"[jour]' data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label='"Brain Sci"[jour]' href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div><span class="period">. </span><span class="cit">2019 Sep 25;9(10):251.</span> </div> <span class="citation-doi"> doi: 10.3390/brainsci9100251. </span> </div> <div class="expanded-authors" id="short-view-expanded-authors"> <div class="authors"> <h3 class="title"> Authors </h3> <div class="authors-list"> <span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Brilliant+T+D&amp;cauthor_id=31557907" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Denilson Brilliant T">Denilson Brilliant T</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), East Jakarta 13210, Indonesia. d.brilliant@i3l.ac.id." href="#short-view-affiliation-1" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 1 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Nouchi+R&amp;cauthor_id=31557907" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Rui Nouchi">Rui Nouchi</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#short-view-affiliation-2" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 2 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#short-view-affiliation-3" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 3 </a></sup><span class="comma">,&nbsp;</span></span><span class="authors-list-item "><a class="full-name" href="/?term=Kawashima+R&amp;cauthor_id=31557907" ref="linksrc=author_name_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="author_link" data-ga-label="Ryuta Kawashima">Ryuta Kawashima</a><sup class="affiliation-links"><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#short-view-affiliation-4" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 4 </a><span class="author-sup-separator">&nbsp;</span><a class="affiliation-link" title="Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp." href="#short-view-affiliation-5" ref="linksrc=author_aff"> 5 </a></sup></span> </div> </div> <div class="affiliations"> <h3 class="title"> Affiliations </h3> <ul class="item-list"> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-1" id="short-view-affiliation-1" ><sup class="key">1</sup> Department of Biomedicine, Indonesia International Institute for Life Sciences (i3L), East Jakarta 13210, Indonesia. d.brilliant@i3l.ac.id.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-2" id="short-view-affiliation-2" ><sup class="key">2</sup> Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-3" id="short-view-affiliation-3" ><sup class="key">3</sup> Department of Cognitive Health Science, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. rui@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-4" id="short-view-affiliation-4" ><sup class="key">4</sup> Smart Ageing Research Center (SARC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> <li data-affiliation-id="short-view-affiliation-5" id="short-view-affiliation-5" ><sup class="key">5</sup> Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8575, Japan. ryuta@tohoku.ac.jp.</li> </ul> </div> </div> <ul class="identifiers" id="short-view-identifiers"> <li> <span class="identifier pubmed"> <span class="id-label"> PMID: </span> <strong class="current-id" title="PubMed ID">31557907</strong> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier pmc"> <span class="id-label"> PMCID: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=PMC6826942&amp;id_type=PMC" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC6826942/" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMCID" > PMC6826942 </a> </span> </li> <li> <span class="identifier doi"> <span class="id-label"> DOI: </span> <a class="id-link" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=article_id_link&amp;article_id=10.3390/brainsci9100251&amp;id_type=DOI" href="https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9100251" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="DOI" > 10.3390/brainsci9100251 </a> </span> </li> </ul> <div class="in-clipboard-label " hidden> Item in Clipboard </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="actions-buttons inline"><div class="inner-wrap"><button class="full-text-links-button full-text-links-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with full text links" ref="linksrc=full_text_links"> Full text links </button><button class="citation-button citation-dialog-trigger" aria-label="Open dialog with citation text in different styles" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="open" data-all-citations-url="/31557907/citations/" data-citation-style="nlm" data-pubmed-format-link="/31557907/export/"><span class="button-label">Cite</span></button><button class="more-actions-button more-actions-dialog-trigger" title="Open dialog with more actions to take" ref="linksrc=more_actions_btn"></button><div class="display-options" data-format-key="format" data-default-format-value="abstract" data-current-format-value="abstract" role="region"><button class="trigger usa-button" title="Change format" data-ga-category="display_options" data-ga-action="display_options_dialog"><span class="button-label">Display options</span></button><div class="dropdown" hidden><div class="title"> Display options </div><div class="content"><div class="format-container"><span class="option-label"> Format </span><select name="format" data-initial-value="abstract" aria-label="Display format" id="inline-actions-display-format"><option value="abstract">Abstract</option><option value="pubmed">PubMed</option><option value="pmid">PMID</option></select></div></div></div></div></div></div> <div class="abstract" id="abstract"> <h2 class="title"> Abstract </h2> <div class="abstract-content selected" id="eng-abstract"> <p> Video gaming, the experience of playing electronic games, has shown several benefits for human health. Recently, numerous video gaming studies showed beneficial effects on cognition and the brain. A systematic review of video gaming has been published. However, the previous systematic review has several differences to this systematic review. This systematic review evaluates the beneficial effects of video gaming on neuroplasticity specifically on intervention studies. Literature research was conducted from randomized controlled trials in PubMed and Google Scholar published after 2000. A systematic review was written instead of a meta-analytic review because of variations among participants, video games, and outcomes. Nine scientific articles were eligible for the review. Overall, the eligible articles showed fair quality according to Delphi Criteria. Video gaming affects the brain structure and function depending on how the game is played. The game genres examined were 3D adventure, first-person shooting (FPS), puzzle, rhythm dance, and strategy. The total training durations were 16-90 h. Results of this systematic review demonstrated that video gaming can be beneficial to the brain. However, the beneficial effects vary among video game types. </p> </div> <p> <strong class="sub-title"> Keywords: </strong> brain; neuroplasticity; video gaming. </p> </div> <p class="disclaimer" id="disclaimer"> <a href="/disclaimer/" target="_blank" ga_category="literature_resources" ga_action="disclaimer_link" ga_label="under_abstract">PubMed Disclaimer</a> </p> <div class="conflict-of-interest" id="conflict-of-interest"> <h2 class="title"> Conflict of interest statement </h2> <div class="statement"> <p xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:p1="http://pubmed.gov/pub-one">None of the other authors has any conflict of interest to declare. Funding sources are not involved in the study design, collection, analysis, interpretation of data, or writing of the study report.</p> </div> </div> <div class="figures" id="figures"> <h2 class="title"> Figures </h2> <div class="figures-list" id="slides-container" itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageGallery"> <figure class="figure-item " itemscope itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="associatedMedia" data-slide-index="0" data-label-slug="figure-1"> <a class="figure-link" href="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c00c/6826942/03322fc8092a/brainsci-09-00251-g001.jpg" itemprop="contentUrl" aria-describedby="figure-caption-0" role="button" data-image-width="747" data-image-height="797" data-image-alt="Figure 1" data-pmc-id="PMC6826942" data-figure-id="brainsci-09-00251-f001"> <img class="figure-thumb" itemprop="thumbnail" id="article-image-0" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/blobs/c00c/6826942/ea564e2b6302/brainsci-09-00251-g001.gif" alt="Figure 1" /> </a> <meta itemprop="width" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="747"> <meta itemprop="height" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" content="797"> <div class="figure-caption figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="caption" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="caption-wrap"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Flowchart of literature search. </p></div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-caption-medium figure-caption-text" aria-hidden="true"> <strong class="figure-label"> <p> Figure 1 </p> </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents"><p> Flowchart of literature search. </p></div> </div> <figcaption id="figure-caption-0" class="figure-caption-full figure-caption-text" itemtype="http://schema.org/ImageObject" itemprop="description"> <strong class="figure-label"> Figure 1 </strong> <div class="figure-caption-contents">Flowchart of literature search.</div> </figcaption> </figure> </div> <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. --> <div class="pswp figures-dialog" id="figures-dialog" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true" data-image-gallery-uid="article-figures" aria-label="Figures Dialog"> <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). --> <div class="pswp__bg"></div> <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. --> <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap"> <!-- Container that holds slides. PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory. Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. --> <div class="pswp__container"> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> <div class="pswp__item"></div> </div> <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. --> <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden"> <div class="pswp__top-bar"> <!-- Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. --> <div class="pswp__counter"></div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" title="Share"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button> <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR --> <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running --> <div class="pswp__preloader"> <div class="pswp__preloader__icn"> <div class="pswp__preloader__cut"> <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap"> <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div> </div> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)"> </button> <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)"> </button> <div class="pswp__caption"> <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="figure-dialog-caption"> <div class="figure-caption-link-container"> <a class="figure-caption-link" href="#">See this image and copyright information in PMC</a> </div> <div class="figure-caption-center" data-expand-title="click to show full caption" data-collapse-title="click to hide full caption"> </div> <button class="figure-caption-toggle-btn" aria-label="show full caption" data-expand-text="show full caption" data-collapse-text="hide full caption"> <!-- Dynamic text --> </button> </div> </div> <div class="similar-articles" id="similar"> <h2 class="title"> Similar articles </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="similar-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/34255648/" ref="article_id=34255648&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="34255648" data-ga-label=""> Association of Extensive Video Gaming and Cognitive Function Changes in Brain-Imaging Studies of Pro Gamers and Individuals With Gaming Disorder: Systematic Literature Review. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Choi E, Shin SH, Ryu JK, Jung KI, Hyun Y, Kim J, Park MH.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Choi E, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">JMIR Serious Games. 2021 Jul 9;9(3):e25793. doi: 10.2196/25793.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">JMIR Serious Games. 2021.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">34255648</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/28420601/" ref="article_id=28420601&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="28420601" data-ga-label=""> What Older People Like to Play: Genre Preferences and Acceptance of Casual Games. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Chesham A, Wyss P, Müri RM, Mosimann UP, Nef T.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Chesham A, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">JMIR Serious Games. 2017 Apr 18;5(2):e8. doi: 10.2196/games.7025.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">JMIR Serious Games. 2017.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">28420601</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/32528339/" ref="article_id=32528339&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="32528339" data-ga-label=""> Past Gaming Experience and Cognition as Selective Predictors of Novel Game Learning Across Different Gaming Genres. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Smith ET, Bhaskar B, Hinerman A, Basak C.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Smith ET, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Front Psychol. 2020 May 26;11:786. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00786. eCollection 2020.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Front Psychol. 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">32528339</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/25684613/" ref="article_id=25684613&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="25684613" data-ga-label=""> Versatility and addiction in gaming: the number of video-game genres played is associated with pathological gaming in male adolescents. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Donati MA, Chiesi F, Ammannato G, Primi C.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Donati MA, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015 Feb;18(2):129-32. doi: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0342.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2015.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">25684613</span></span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/32014027/" ref="article_id=32014027&amp;linksrc=similar_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=5" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="32014027" data-ga-label=""> Commercial video games and cognitive functions: video game genres and modulating factors of cognitive enhancement. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Choi E, Shin SH, Ryu JK, Jung KI, Kim SY, Park MH.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Choi E, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Behav Brain Funct. 2020 Feb 3;16(1):2. doi: 10.1186/s12993-020-0165-z.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Behav Brain Funct. 2020.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">32014027</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Review.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed&from_uid=31557907" data-ga-category="similar_article" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all similar articles </a> </div> </div> <div class="citedby-articles" id="citedby"> <h2 class="title"> Cited by </h2> <ul class="articles-list" id="citedby-articles-list"> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/38998822/" ref="article_id=38998822&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="38998822" data-ga-label=""> An Exploratory Study of the Potential of Online Counseling for University Students by a Human-Operated Avatar Counselor. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Kiuchi K, Umehara H, Irizawa K, Kang X, Nakataki M, Yoshida M, Numata S, Matsumoto K.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Kiuchi K, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Healthcare (Basel). 2024 Jun 27;12(13):1287. doi: 10.3390/healthcare12131287.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Healthcare (Basel). 2024.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">38998822</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/38806461/" ref="article_id=38806461&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="38806461" data-ga-label=""> Videogame training increases clinical well-being, attention and hippocampal-prefrontal functional connectivity in patients with schizophrenia. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Becker M, Fischer DJ, Kühn S, Gallinat J.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Becker M, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Transl Psychiatry. 2024 May 28;14(1):218. doi: 10.1038/s41398-024-02945-5.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Transl Psychiatry. 2024.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">38806461</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Clinical Trial.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/38393773/" ref="article_id=38393773&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="38393773" data-ga-label=""> Effectiveness of a Serious Video Game (MOON) for Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Martin-Moratinos M, Bella-Fernández M, Rodrigo-Yanguas M, González-Tardón C, Sújar A, Li C, Wang P, Royuela A, Lopez-Garcia P, Blasco-Fontecilla H.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Martin-Moratinos M, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">JMIR Res Protoc. 2024 Feb 23;13:e53191. doi: 10.2196/53191.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">JMIR Res Protoc. 2024.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">38393773</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/38371925/" ref="article_id=38371925&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=4" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="38371925" data-ga-label=""> Neuroimaging correlates of internet gaming disorder: Can we achieve the promise of translating understandings of brain functioning into clinical advances? </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Mestre-Bach G, Potenza MN.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Mestre-Bach G, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Can J Addict. 2023 Sep;14(3):7-17. doi: 10.1097/cxa.0000000000000178. Epub 2023 Sep 5.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Can J Addict. 2023.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">38371925</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> </div> </div> </li> <li class="full-docsum"> <div class="docsum-content" style="display:inline;"> <a class="docsum-title" href="/38201871/" ref="article_id=38201871&amp;linksrc=citedby_articles_link&amp;ordinalpos=5" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="38201871" data-ga-label=""> Cacao Polyphenol-Rich Dark Chocolate Intake Contributes to Efficient Brain Activity during Cognitive Tasks: A Randomized, Single-Blinded, Crossover, and Dose-Comparison fMRI Study. </a> <div class="docsum-citation full-citation"> <span class="docsum-authors full-authors">Sasaki A, Kawai E, Watanabe K, Yamano E, Oba C, Nakamura K, Natsume M, Mizuno K, Watanabe Y.</span> <span class="docsum-authors short-authors">Sasaki A, et al.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation full-journal-citation">Nutrients. 2023 Dec 21;16(1):41. doi: 10.3390/nu16010041.</span> <span class="docsum-journal-citation short-journal-citation">Nutrients. 2023.</span> <span class="citation-part">PMID: <span class="docsum-pmid">38201871</span></span> <span class="free-resources spaced-citation-item citation-part">Free PMC article.</span> <span class="publication-type spaced-citation-item citation-part">Clinical Trial.</span> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="actions-bar"> <a class="show-all-linked-articles" data-href="/?linkname=pubmed_pubmed_citedin&from_uid=31557907" data-ga-category="cited_by" data-ga-action="show_all" > See all "Cited by" articles </a> </div> </div> <div class="references" id="references"> <h2 class="title"> References </h2> <div id='top-references-list' class="references-lists-container"> <div class="refs-list"> <ol id="top-references-list-1" class="references-list"> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Ryan R.M., Rigby C.S., Przybylski A. The Motivational Pull of Video Games: A Self-Determination Theory Approach. Motiv. Emot. 2006;30:344–360. doi: 10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1007/s11031-006-9051-8" > DOI </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Gentile D.A., Gentile J.R. Violent Video Games as Exemplary Teachers: A Conceptual Analysis. J. Youth Adolesc. 2008;37:127–141. doi: 10.1007/s10964-007-9206-2. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-007-9206-2" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1007/s10964-007-9206-2" > DOI </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> McDougall J., Duncan M.J. Children, video games and physical activity: An exploratory study. Int. J. Disabil. Hum. Dev. 2008;7:89–94. doi: 10.1515/IJDHD.2008.7.1.89. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1515/ijdhd.2008.7.1.89" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1515/IJDHD.2008.7.1.89" > DOI </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Ni Mhurchu C., Maddison R., Jiang Y., Jull A., Prapavessis H., Rodgers A. Couch potatoes to jumping beans: A pilot study of the effect of active video games on physical activity in children. Int. J. Behav. Nutr. Phys. Act. 2008;5:8. doi: 10.1186/1479-5868-5-8. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-5-8" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.1186/1479-5868-5-8" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2254648/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="PMC2254648" > PMC </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/18257911/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=3" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="18257911" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> <li> <ol class="references-and-notes-list"> <li class="skip-numbering" value="1"> Murphy E.C.-S., Carson L., Neal W., Baylis C., Donley D., Yeater R. Effects of an exercise intervention using Dance Dance Revolution on endothelial function and other risk factors in overweight children. Int. J. Pediatr. Obes. 2009;4:205–214. doi: 10.3109/17477160902846187. - <a class="reference-link" href="https://doi.org/10.3109/17477160902846187" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=1" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="10.3109/17477160902846187" > DOI </a> - <a class="reference-link" href="/19922034/" ref="linksrc=references_link&amp;ordinalpos=2" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="19922034" > PubMed </a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> <div class="actions-bar"> <button class="show-all" ref="linksrc=show_all_references_link" aria-controls="top-references-list-1" data-next-page-url="/31557907/references/" data-ga-category="reference" data-ga-action="show_more" > Show all 86 references </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="publication-types" class="publication-types keywords-section"> <h2 class="title"> Publication types </h2> <ul class="keywords-list"><li><div class="keyword-actions dropdown-block"><button class="keyword-actions-trigger trigger keyword-link" aria-label="Toggle dropdown menu for keyword Review" tabindex="0" aria-controls="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" aria-expanded="false" data-pinger-ignore> Review </button><div id="keyword-actions-publication-types-0" class="keyword-actions-dropdown dropdown dropdown-container" hidden aria-label="Dropdown menu for keyword Review"><div class="title">Actions</div><div class="content"><ul class="keyword-actions-links"><li><a class="search-in-pubmed-link dropdown-block-link" href="/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" data-href="/?term=%22Review%22%5Bpt%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=search_in_pubmed_keyword_link&amp;keyword=&quot;Review&quot;[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="pub_type" data-ga-label="Review"> Search in PubMed </a></li><li><a class="search-in-mesh-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=search_in_mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh?term=Review" data-ga-category="search_mesh" data-ga-action="pub_type_link" data-ga-label="Review"> Search in MeSH </a></li><li><a class="add-to-search-link dropdown-block-link" ref="linksrc=add_to_search_link" role="button" data-search-term="&quot;Review&quot;[pt]" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="add_to_search" data-ga-label="&quot;Review&quot;[pt]" href="#"> Add to Search </a></li></ul></div></div></div></li></ul> </div> <div id="grants" class="grants"> <h2 class="title"> Grants and funding </h2> <div class="grants-list"><ul id="grants-head-list"><li class="grant-item"><a title="All articles for grant 17H06046/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science" href="/?term=17H06046%2FJapan+Society+for+the+Promotion+of+Science%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=grant_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="grant" data-ga-label="17H06046" > 17H06046/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science </a></li><li class="grant-item"><a title="All articles for grant 16KT0002/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science" href="/?term=16KT0002%2FJapan+Society+for+the+Promotion+of+Science%5BGrants+and+Funding%5D&amp;sort=date&amp;sort_order=desc" ref="linksrc=grant_link" data-ga-category="search" data-ga-action="grant" data-ga-label="16KT0002" > 16KT0002/Japan Society for the Promotion of Science </a></li></ul></div> </div> <div id="linkout" class="linkout"> <h2 class="title"> LinkOut - more resources </h2> <ul class="linkout-list"><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Full Text Sources</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://europepmc.org/abstract/MED/31557907" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=6082&uid=31557907&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101598646" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="Europe PubMed Central" > Europe PubMed Central </a></li><li><a href="https://www.mdpi.com/resolver?pii=brainsci9100251" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=6383&uid=31557907&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101598646" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="MDPI" > MDPI </a></li><li><a href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/31557907/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=3494&uid=31557907&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101598646" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Full Text Sources" data-ga-label="PubMed Central" > PubMed Central </a></li></ul></li><li><h3 class="linkout-category">Miscellaneous</h3><ul class="linkout-category-links"><li><a href="https://assays.cancer.gov/CPTAC-2212" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=linkout_link&PrId=8855&uid=31557907&db=pubmed&itool=Abstract&log$=linkoutlink&nlmid=101598646" data-ga-category="link_out" data-ga-action="Miscellaneous" data-ga-label="NCI CPTAC Assay Portal" > NCI CPTAC Assay Portal </a></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </main> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Full Text Links Dialog"> <div id="full-text-links-dialog" class="dialog full-text-links-dialog"> <strong class="title">Full text links</strong> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="3">[x]</button> <div class="full-text-links-list"> <a class="link-item dialog-focus" href="https://www.mdpi.com/resolver?pii=brainsci9100251" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=False&amp;PrId=6383&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=31557907&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101598646" title="See full text options at MDPI" tabindex="1" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="MDPI" data-ga-label="31557907" ><img src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/corehtml/query/egifs/https:--res.mdpi.com-data-pubmed-linkout.png" alt="full text provider logo"><span class="text"> MDPI </span></a><a class="link-item pmc " href="https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/pmid/31557907/" target="_blank" rel="noopener" ref="linksrc=fulltextorjournal_fulltext&amp;is_pmc=True&amp;PrId=3494&amp;itool=Abstract-def&amp;log$=linkouticon&amp;uid=31557907&amp;db=pubmed&amp;nlmid=101598646" title="Free full text at PubMed Central" tabindex="2" data-ga-category="full_text" data-ga-action="PMC" data-ga-label="31557907" ><span class="text"> Free PMC article </span></a> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="Citation Dialog"> <div class="dialog citation-dialog"> <button class="close-overlay" tabindex="1">[x]</button> <div class="title">Cite</div> <div class="citation-text-block"> <div class="citation-text"></div> <div class="citation-actions"> <button class="copy-button dialog-focus" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="copy" tabindex="2"> Copy </button> <form method="post"> <input type="hidden" name="csrfmiddlewaretoken" value="HA3abnBvQwBbnG70WkhUUF6d3x9PBvv5RQ9BtPZjZ01MHTyTyLkVlNQk61jWnWrs"> <button type="submit" class="export-button" data-ga-category="save_share" data-ga-action="cite" data-ga-label="download" title="Download a file for external citation management software" tabindex="3"> <span class="download-title">Download .nbib</span> <span class="download-title-mobile">.nbib</span> </button> </form> <div class="citation-style-selector-wrapper"> <label class="selector-label">Format:</label> <select aria-label="Format" class="citation-style-selector" tabindex="4"> <option data-style-url-name="ama" value="AMA" > AMA </option> <option data-style-url-name="apa" value="APA" > APA </option> <option data-style-url-name="mla" value="MLA" > MLA </option> <option data-style-url-name="nlm" value="NLM" selected="selected"> NLM </option> </select> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="overlay" role="dialog" aria-label="More Actions Dialog"> <div id="more-actions-dialog" class="dialog more-actions-dialog"> <strong class="title">Send To</strong> <ul class="more-actions-links"> <li><a id="clipboard-trigger" role="button" class="submit-button clipboard-trigger clipboard-trigger-target dialog-focus link-item " href="#">Clipboard</a></li> <li><a class="email-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Email</a></li> <li><a class="save-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Save</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31557907%2F%23open-bibliography-panel">My Bibliography</a></li> <li><a class="link-item" role="button" href="https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31557907%2F%23open-collections-panel">Collections</a></li> <li><a class="citation-manager-trigger link-item" role="button" href="#">Citation Manager</a></li> </ul> <button class="close-overlay">[x]</button> </div> </div> </div> <div id="ncbi-footer"> <div class="literature-footer" role="complementary" title="Links to NCBI Literature Resources"> <div class="usa-grid"> <p class="literature-footer-text">NCBI Literature Resources</p> <p class="literature-footer-text"> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="mesh_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/">MeSH</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="pmc_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/">PMC</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="bookshelf_link" href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books">Bookshelf</a> <a class="literature-footer-link" data-ga-category="literature_resources" data-ga-action="disclaimer_link" href="/disclaimer/">Disclaimer</a> </p> <p class="literature-footer-text attribution-statement">The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited.</p> </div> </div> <!-- ========== BEGIN FOOTER ========== --> <footer> <section class="icon-section"> <div id="icon-section-header" class="icon-section_header">Follow NCBI</div> <div class="grid-container container"> <div class="icon-section_container"> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_twitter" href="https://twitter.com/ncbi" aria-label="Twitter"> <svg width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 37" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1008"> <path id="path1008" d="M6.06736 7L16.8778 20.8991L6.00001 32.2H10.2L18.6 23.1L25.668 32.2H34L22.8 17.5L31.9 7H28.4L20.7 15.4L14.401 7H6.06898H6.06736ZM9.66753 8.73423H12.9327L29.7327 30.4658H26.5697L9.66753 8.73423Z" fill="#5B616B"/> </g> </svg> </a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_facebook" href="https://www.facebook.com/ncbi.nlm" aria-label="Facebook"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>Facebook</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M210.5,115.12H171.74V97.82c0-8.14,5.39-10,9.19-10h27.14V52l-39.32-.12c-35.66,0-42.42,26.68-42.42,43.77v19.48H99.09v36.32h27.24v109h45.41v-109h35Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_linkedin" href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/ncbinlm" aria-label="LinkedIn"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <title>LinkedIn</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M101.64,243.37H57.79v-114h43.85Zm-22-131.54h-.26c-13.25,0-21.82-10.36-21.82-21.76,0-11.65,8.84-21.15,22.33-21.15S101.7,78.72,102,90.38C102,101.77,93.4,111.83,79.63,111.83Zm100.93,52.61A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,163,182v61.39H119.18s.51-105.23,0-114H163v13a54.33,54.33,0,0,1,34.54-12.66c26,0,44.39,18.8,44.39,55.29v58.35H198.1V182A17.54,17.54,0,0,0,180.56,164.44Z"> </path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_github" href="https://github.com/ncbi" aria-label="GitHub"><svg data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 300 300"> <defs> <style> .cls-11, .cls-12 { fill: #737373; } .cls-11 { fill-rule: evenodd; } </style> </defs> <title>GitHub</title> <path class="cls-11" d="M151.36,47.28a105.76,105.76,0,0,0-33.43,206.1c5.28,1,7.22-2.3,7.22-5.09,0-2.52-.09-10.85-.14-19.69-29.42,6.4-35.63-12.48-35.63-12.48-4.81-12.22-11.74-15.47-11.74-15.47-9.59-6.56.73-6.43.73-6.43,10.61.75,16.21,10.9,16.21,10.9,9.43,16.17,24.73,11.49,30.77,8.79,1-6.83,3.69-11.5,6.71-14.14C108.57,197.1,83.88,188,83.88,147.51a40.92,40.92,0,0,1,10.9-28.39c-1.1-2.66-4.72-13.42,1-28,0,0,8.88-2.84,29.09,10.84a100.26,100.26,0,0,1,53,0C198,88.3,206.9,91.14,206.9,91.14c5.76,14.56,2.14,25.32,1,28a40.87,40.87,0,0,1,10.89,28.39c0,40.62-24.74,49.56-48.29,52.18,3.79,3.28,7.17,9.71,7.17,19.58,0,14.15-.12,25.54-.12,29,0,2.82,1.9,6.11,7.26,5.07A105.76,105.76,0,0,0,151.36,47.28Z"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M85.66,199.12c-.23.52-1.06.68-1.81.32s-1.2-1.06-.95-1.59,1.06-.69,1.82-.33,1.21,1.07.94,1.6Zm-1.3-1"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M90,203.89c-.51.47-1.49.25-2.16-.49a1.61,1.61,0,0,1-.31-2.19c.52-.47,1.47-.25,2.17.49s.82,1.72.3,2.19Zm-1-1.08"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M94.12,210c-.65.46-1.71,0-2.37-.91s-.64-2.07,0-2.52,1.7,0,2.36.89.65,2.08,0,2.54Zm0,0"></path> <path class="cls-12" d="M99.83,215.87c-.58.64-1.82.47-2.72-.41s-1.18-2.06-.6-2.7,1.83-.46,2.74.41,1.2,2.07.58,2.7Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M107.71,219.29c-.26.82-1.45,1.2-2.64.85s-2-1.34-1.74-2.17,1.44-1.23,2.65-.85,2,1.32,1.73,2.17Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M116.36,219.92c0,.87-1,1.59-2.24,1.61s-2.29-.68-2.3-1.54,1-1.59,2.26-1.61,2.28.67,2.28,1.54Zm0,0"> </path> <path class="cls-12" d="M124.42,218.55c.15.85-.73,1.72-2,1.95s-2.37-.3-2.52-1.14.73-1.75,2-2,2.37.29,2.53,1.16Zm0,0"></path> </svg></a> <a class="footer-icon" id="footer_blog" href="https://ncbiinsights.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/" aria-label="Blog"> <svg id="Layer_1" data-name="Layer 1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 40 40"><defs><style>.cls-1{fill:#737373;}</style></defs><path class="cls-1" d="M14,30a4,4,0,1,1-4-4,4,4,0,0,1,4,4Zm11,3A19,19,0,0,0,7.05,15a1,1,0,0,0-1,1v3a1,1,0,0,0,.93,1A14,14,0,0,1,20,33.07,1,1,0,0,0,21,34h3a1,1,0,0,0,1-1Zm9,0A28,28,0,0,0,7,6,1,1,0,0,0,6,7v3a1,1,0,0,0,1,1A23,23,0,0,1,29,33a1,1,0,0,0,1,1h3A1,1,0,0,0,34,33Z"/></svg> </a> </div> </div> </section> <section class="container-fluid bg-primary"> <div class="container pt-5"> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p><a class="text-white" href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/socialmedia/index.html">Connect with NLM</a></p> <ul class="list-inline social_media"> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://twitter.com/NLM_NIH" aria-label="Twitter" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"> <svg width="35" height="35" viewBox="0 0 38 35" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"> <title>Twitter</title> <g id="twitterx1009" clip-path="url(#clip0_65276_3946)"> <path id="Vector" d="M17.5006 34.6565C26.9761 34.6565 34.6575 26.9751 34.6575 17.4996C34.6575 8.02416 26.9761 0.342773 17.5006 0.342773C8.02514 0.342773 0.34375 8.02416 0.34375 17.4996C0.34375 26.9751 8.02514 34.6565 17.5006 34.6565Z" fill="#205493" stroke="white" stroke-width="1.2" stroke-miterlimit="10"></path> <path id="path1009" d="M8.54811 8.5L16.2698 18.4279L8.50001 26.5H11.5L17.5 20L22.5486 26.5H28.5L20.5 16L27 8.5H24.5L19 14.5L14.5007 8.5H8.54927H8.54811ZM11.1197 9.73873H13.4519L25.4519 25.2613H23.1926L11.1197 9.73873Z" fill="white"></path> </g> <defs> <clipPath id="clip0_65276_3946"> <rect width="38" height="38" fill="white"></rect> </clipPath> </defs> </svg></a> </li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/nationallibraryofmedicine" aria-label="Facebook" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank"> <svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <style type="text/css"> .st10 { fill: #FFFFFF; } .st110 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } </style> <title>SM-Facebook</title> <g> <g> <path class="st10" d="M159,99.1h-24V88.4c0-5,3.3-6.2,5.7-6.2h16.8V60l-24.4-0.1c-22.1,0-26.2,16.5-26.2,27.1v12.1H90v22.5h16.9 v67.5H135v-67.5h21.7L159,99.1z"></path> </g> </g> <circle class="st110" cx="123.6" cy="123.2" r="108.2"></circle> </svg> </a></li> <li class="list-inline-item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/user/NLMNIH" aria-label="Youtube" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><svg version="1.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" x="0px" y="0px" viewBox="0 0 249 249" style="enable-background:new 0 0 249 249;" xml:space="preserve"> <title>SM-Youtube</title> <style type="text/css"> .st4 { fill: none; stroke: #FFFFFF; stroke-width: 8; stroke-miterlimit: 10; } .st5 { fill: #FFFFFF; } </style> <circle class="st4" cx="124.2" cy="123.4" r="108.2"></circle> <g transform="translate(0,-952.36218)"> <path class="st5" d="M88.4,1037.4c-10.4,0-18.7,8.3-18.7,18.7v40.1c0,10.4,8.3,18.7,18.7,18.7h72.1c10.4,0,18.7-8.3,18.7-18.7 v-40.1c0-10.4-8.3-18.7-18.7-18.7H88.4z M115.2,1058.8l29.4,17.4l-29.4,17.4V1058.8z"></path> </g> </svg></a></li> </ul> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12"> <p class="address_footer text-white">National Library of Medicine<br> <a href="https://www.google.com/maps/place/8600+Rockville+Pike,+Bethesda,+MD+20894/@38.9959508,-77.101021,17z/data=!3m1!4b1!4m5!3m4!1s0x89b7c95e25765ddb:0x19156f88b27635b8!8m2!3d38.9959508!4d-77.0988323" class="text-white" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">8600 Rockville Pike<br> Bethesda, MD 20894</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/web_policies.html" class="text-white">Web Policies</a><br> <a href="https://www.nih.gov/institutes-nih/nih-office-director/office-communications-public-liaison/freedom-information-act-office" class="text-white">FOIA</a><br> <a href="https://www.hhs.gov/vulnerability-disclosure-policy/index.html" class="text-white" id="vdp">HHS Vulnerability Disclosure</a></p> </div> <div class="col-lg-3 col-12 centered-lg"> <p><a class="supportLink text-white" href="https://support.nlm.nih.gov/">Help</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/accessibility.html" class="text-white">Accessibility</a><br> <a href="https://www.nlm.nih.gov/careers/careers.html" class="text-white">Careers</a></p> </div> </div> <div class="row"> <div class="col-lg-12 centered-lg"> <nav class="bottom-links"> <ul class="mt-3"> <li> <a class="text-white" href="//www.nlm.nih.gov/">NLM</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.nih.gov/">NIH</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.hhs.gov/">HHS</a> </li> <li> <a class="text-white" href="https://www.usa.gov/">USA.gov</a> </li> </ul> </nav> </div> </div> </div> </section> </footer> <!-- ========== END FOOTER ========== --> <!-- javascript to inject NWDS meta tags. Note: value of nwds_version is updated by "npm version" command --> <script type="text/javascript"> var nwds_version = "1.2.3"; var meta_nwds_ver = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds_ver.name = 'ncbi_nwds_ver'; meta_nwds_ver.content = nwds_version; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds_ver); var meta_nwds = document.createElement('meta'); meta_nwds.name = 'ncbi_nwds'; meta_nwds.content = 'yes'; document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(meta_nwds); var alertsUrl = "/core/alerts/alerts.js"; if (typeof ncbiBaseUrl !== 'undefined') { alertsUrl = ncbiBaseUrl + alertsUrl; } </script> </div> <!-- jQuery with plugins --> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/js/output.293fbf76aa18.js"></script> <!-- Project base scripts --> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/js/output.550e9c8906a2.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.basePage.init({ userInfo: { isLoggedIn: false, username: "", loginUrl: "https://account.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?back_url=https%3A%2F%2Fpubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2F31557907%2F", logoutUrl: "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/account/signout/?back_url=https%3A//pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31557907/" }, baseUrl: 'https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov', noSessionCookieName: "pm-ns", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", isOnSearchPageCookieName: "pm-iosp", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", clinicalSeeAllCookieName: "pm-csa", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", userShareRequestFailed: "", noSharedSettings: "myncbi_no_shared_settings", noSharedAccount: "myncbi_no_shared_account" }); </script> <script type="module"> import dismissableNCBIAlert from "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/core/dismissable-ncbi-alert.js"; jQuery.getScript("https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/alerts/alerts.js", function () { galert(['body > *:last-child']); dismissableNCBIAlert(); }).fail(function() { }); </script> <script defer type="text/javascript" src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/core/pinger/pinger.js"> </script> <script src="https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/CACHE/js/output.04d45d85d031.js"></script> <script> ncbi.awesome.articlePage.init({ baseSuggestionsUrl: "/suggestions/", mathJaxUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/mathjax/unpacked/MathJax.js?config=MML_CHTML", clipboardAPIRoot: "/ajax/clipboard/", clipboardNextPageUrl: "/clipboard-next-page/", searchIdCookieName: "pm-sid", searchFormSubmittedCookieName: "pm-sfs", backToSearchCookieName: "pm-btsl", jsCookieDomain: "pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov", longTermPrefix: "longquery", adjNavURLPath: "/31557907/adj-nav/", adjNavSearchIdCookieName: "pm-adjnav-sid", articlePageUrl: "/31557907/", markJSUrl: "https://cdn.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/ed1a5a1f-b279-475e-88e3-75f261729818/mark.js/dist/jquery.mark.js", termHighlightColor: "", highlightedTokens: "", citeFormatPreferenceCookieName: "pm-cf" }); </script> </body> </html>

Pages: 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10