Shanghaied, 1811

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valign="top"><div align="center"><A href="19frm.htm"><font face="arial,helvetica,geneva" size="1" color="#000000">19th Century</font></A></div></td> </tr> </table> <table bgcolor="#f0ecd0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%"> <tr> <td><div align="center"> <br> <span class="menu"> <A href="capital.htm">Washington D.C., 1800</A><br><br> <A href="jeffersonwhitehouse.htm">President Jefferson<br>in the White House</A><br><br> <A href="duel.htm">A Duel At Dawn, 1804</A><br><br> <A href="lordnelson.htm">The Death of Lord Nelson, 1805</A><br><br> <A href="fulton.htm">Fulton's First Steamboat Voyage, 1807</A><br><br> <A href="shanghaied.htm">"Shanghaied," 1811</A><br><br> <A href="oldironsides.htm">"Old Ironsides" Earns its Name, 1812</A><br><br> <A href="washingtonsack.htm">The British Burn Washington, 1814</A><br><br> <A href="dolleymadison.htm">Dolley Madison Flees the White House, 1814</A><br><br> <A href="battleofneworleans.htm">The Battle of New Orleans, 1815</A><br><br> <A href="waterloo.htm">The Battle of Waterloo, 1815</A><br><br> <A href="napoleon.htm">Napoleon Exiled to St. Helena, 1815</A><br><br> <A href="jacksoninauguration.htm">The Inauguration of<br>President Andrew<br>Jackson, 1829</A><br><br> <A href="slaveship.htm">Aboard a Slave Ship, 1829</A><br><br> <A href="tomthumb.htm">America's First Steam Locomotive, 1830</A><br><br> <A href="america1830.htm">A Portrait of America, 1830</A><br><br> <A href="nationalroad.htm">Traveling the National Road, 1833</A><br><br> <A href="slavelife.htm">A Slave's Life</A><br><br> <A href="eriecanal.htm">Traveling the Erie Canal, 1836</A><br><br> <A href="vic.htm">Victoria Becomes Queen, 1837</A><br><br> <A href="fdoug.htm">Escape From Slavery, 1838</A><br><br> <A href="flogging.htm">A Flogging at Sea, 1839</A><br><br> <A href="tomthumbbarnum.htm">P.T. Barnum Discovers "Tom Thumb" 1842</A><br> <br> <A href="shakers.htm">Living among the Shakers, 1843</A><br><br> <A href="redlight.htm">Visit to the "Red Light" District, 1843</A><br><br> <A href="irishfamine.htm">The Irish Potato Famine, 1847</A><br><br> <A href="whaling.htm">Aboard a Whaling Ship, 1850</A><br><br> <A href="mecca.htm">Entering<br>the Forbidden City<br>of Mecca, 1853</A><br><br> <A href="plantation.htm">Life on a Southern Plantation, 1854</A><br><br> <A href="fugitiveslave.htm">Return of a Fugitive Slave, 1854</A><br><br> <A href="lightbrigade.htm">Charge of the Light Brigade, 1854</A><br><br> <A href="livingstone.htm">Livingstone Discovers Victoria Falls, 1855</A><br><br> <A href="carnegie.htm">Andrew Carnegie Becomes a Capitalist, 1856</A><br><br> <A href="slaveauction.htm">Slave Auction, 1859</A><br><br> <A href="ladiesetiquette1859.htm">Good Manners for Young Ladies, 1859</A><br><br> <A href="john.htm">The Trial of Andrew Johnson, 1868</A><br><br> <A href="kkk.htm">The Ku Klux Klan, 1868</A><br><br> <A href="brooklynbridge.htm">Building the Brooklyn Bridge, 1871</A><br><br> <A href="stanley.htm">Stanley Finds Livingstone, 1871</A><br><br> <A href="baseball.htm">The Baseball Glove<br>Comes to Baseball,<br>1875</A><br><br> <A href="gar.htm">The Death of President<br>Garfield, 1881</A><br><br> <A href="edison.htm">A Portrait of Thomas Edison</A><br><br> <A href="football.htm">College Football, 1884</A><br><br> <A href="gildedage.htm">Opulence in the Gilded Age, 1890</A><br><br> <A href="riis.htm">Death of a Child, 1890</A><br><br> <A href="corbett.htm">Corbett Knocks Out Sullivan, 1892</A><br><br> <A href="hobo.htm">Hobo, 1894</A><br><br> <A href="promisedland.htm">Leaving Home for the "Promised Land", 1894</A><br><br> <A href="duryea.htm">America's First Auto Race, 1895</A><br><br> <A href="spray.htm">1st to Sail Around the World Alone, 1895</A><br><br> <A href="spanishwar.htm">The United States Declares War on Spain, 1898</A><br><br> <A href="manilabay.htm">The Battle of Manila Bay, 1898</A><br><br> <A href="roughriders.htm">The Rough Riders Storm San Juan Hill, 1898</A><br><br> </P> </span> </div> <p></p></td> </tr> </table>  <table bgcolor="#D1D2B4" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0" border="0" width="100%" height="3"> <tr> <td valign="top"></td> </tr> </table> <table border="0" bgcolor="#D1D2B4" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <TD align="left"><IMG alt="" src="images/box3bl4.gif" border=0></TD> <TD><IMG height=1 alt="" src="images/spacer.gif" width=1 border=0></TD> <TD align="right" valign="center"><IMG alt="" src="images/box3br4.gif" border=0></TD> </tr> </table> <p></p></td> </tr> </table></td>   <td valign="top" align="center"><table width="82%" cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td><p> <div align="center"><span class="title">"Shanghaied," 1811</span></div> <br> <div align="center"><span class="notes"><A href="pfshanghaied.html">Printer Friendly Version >>> </A></span> </div> <p>  <span class="capital"><b>I</b></span>t was an evening in 1811. Twenty-two-year-old Robert Hay was leisurely walking through a London neighborhood. Suddenly he was accosted by a group of shady characters eager to know if he was a seaman. Within hours he found himself aboard a British Naval vessel setting sail for the open sea. In American parlance, Robert Hay had been "Shanghaied" - forced into naval service against his will. In England, the same activity was described as "Impressment."</p> <table border="0" align=right cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="288"> <tr> <td align="center"><img src="images/shanghaied2.jpg" width="258" height="238"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"></td> </tr> </table> <p>Impressment had been a common method of filling the ranks of the British Navy since the seventeenth century, particularly in times of war. Gangs of British seamen would rove the streets of seaports in search of likely candidates for naval service. Once targeted, these hapless victims were forcibly taken aboard ship and sent to sea. Britain's life or death struggle with Napoleon at the beginning of the 19th century created a desperate need to fill the ranks of its war ships. Impressment was revitalized with vigor - a situation that would have direct consequences for the relations between Britain and America.</p> <p>Not surprisingly, this method of recruitment combined with the harsh conditions aboard British naval ships to create a high rate of desertion among its crews. In response, Britain initiated an aggressive campaign of retrieving deserters. This included stopping and searching American merchant ships on the high seas. Many of those targeted as deserters during these raids claimed American citizenship - a claim that was ignored by the British. Tensions between the two countries escalated and contributed to the outbreak of the War of 1812 - America's "Second War of Independence."</p> <p>Britain's impressment campaign would also have direct consequences for Robert Hays as he innocently strolled the streets of London.</p> <p><span class="header">"Take my advice, my lad, (he said)...and enter the service cheerfully."</span></p> <p><span class="description">Robert Hay was a ship's carpenter who had made one voyage aboard a British merchant ship. We join his story as he walks through a London neighborhood:</span> <p class="narrative">"I was, when crossing Towerhill, accosted by a person in seamen's dress who tapped me on the shoulder enquiring in a familiar and technical strain' What ship?' I assumed an air of gravity and surprise and told him I presumed he was under some mistake as I was not connected with shipping. The fellow, however, was too well acquainted with his business to be thus easily put off.</p> <p> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="left"> <tr> <td width="330"><div align="center"><span class="menu">ADVERTISMENT</SPAN></div> <div align="center">  <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/EyeWitnesstoHistorycom/ROS/tags.js"></script>  </div></td> </tr> </table> <p class="narrative">He gave a whistle and in a moment I was in the hands of six or eight ruffians who I immediately dreaded and soon found to be a press gang. They dragged me hurriedly along through several streets amid bitter execrations bestowed on them, expressions of sympathy directed towards me and landed me in one of their houses of rendezvous. I was immediately carried into the presence of the Lieutenant of the gang, who questioned me as to my profession. . . I made some evasive answers to these interrogations . . . but my hands being examined and found hard with work, and perhaps a little discolored with tar. . . I was remanded for further examination.</p> <p class="narrative"> Some of the gang then offered me spirits and attempted to comfort me. . .he very scoundrel who first laid hold of me put on a sympathizing look and observed what a pity it was to be pressed. . .. Such sympathy from such a source was well calculated to exasperate my feelings, but to think of revenge was folly. . . .</p> <p class="narrative"> In a short time I was reconducted for further examination before the Lieutenant, who told me as I was in his hands and would assuredly be kept I might as well make a frank confession of my circumstances, it would save time and insure me better treatment. . .. I therefore acknowledged that I had been a voyage to the West Indies and had come home Carpenter of a ship.</p> <p class="narrative"> His eye seemed to brighten at this intelligence. 'I am glad of that, my lad,' said he, , we are very much in want of Carpenters. Step along with these men and they will give you a passage on board.' I was then led back the way I came by the fellow who first seized me, put aboard of a pinnace at Tower Wharf and by midday was securely lodged on board the <i>Enterprise</i>.</p> <p class="narrative"> As soon as the boat reached the ship I was sent down into the great cabin, in various parts of which tables were placed covered with green cloth, loaded with papers and surrounded with men well dressed and powdered. Such silence prevailed and such solemn gravity was displayed in every countenance that I was struck with awe and dread. . .. No sooner did I enter the cabin door than every eye was darted on me. . . .</p> <p class="narrative"> A short sketch of what had passed between the press officer and myself had been communicated to the examining officer, for when I was ushered into his presence he thus addressed me:</p> <p class="narrative"> 'Well, young man, I understand you are a carpenter by trade.'</p> <p class="narrative"> 'Yes, sir.'</p> <p class="narrative"> 'And you have been at sea?'</p> <p class="narrative"> 'One voyage, sir.'</p> <p class="narrative"> 'Are you willing to join the King's Service?'</p> <p class="narrative"> 'No, sir.'</p> <table border="0" align=right cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="288"> <tr> <td align="center"><img src="images/shanghaied1.jpg" width="258" height="163"></td> </tr> <tr> <td align="center"><span class="caption">Press Gang</span><br></td> </tr> </table> <p class="narrative">'Why?' </p> <p class="narrative"> 'Because I get much better wages in the merchant service and should I be unable to agree with the Captain I am at liberty to leave him at the end of the voyage.'</p> <p class="narrative"> 'As to wages,' said he, 'the chance of prize money is quite an equivalent and obedience and respect shown to your officers are all that is necessary to insure you good treatment. . .. Take my advice, my lad,' continued he, 'and enter the service cheerfully, you will then have a bounty, and be in a fair way for promotion. If you continue to refuse, remember you are aboard. . ., you will be kept as a pressed man and treated accordingly.'</p> <p class="narrative"> I falteringly replied that I could not think of engaging in any service voluntarily when I knew of a better situation elsewhere. He said no more, but making a motion with his hand I was seized by two marines, hurried along towards the main hatchway with these words thundered in my ears, 'A pressed man to go below'. What injustice and mockery thought I . . . but my doom was fixed and I was thrust down among five or six score of miserable beings, who like myself had been kidnapped, and immured in the confined and unwholesome dungeon of a press room."</p> <P> <span class="references"> References:</span> <br>     This eyewitness account appears in: Hay, M.D (ed.), Landsman Hay -The Memories of Robert Hay 1789-1847 (1953), republished in: Charles-Edwards, T. and B. Richardson, They Saw it Happen, An Anthology of Eyewitness's Accounts of Events in British History 1689-1897 (1958). <p> <span class="citation"> How To Cite This Article: <br> "Shanghaied," 1811, EyeWitness to History, www.eyewitnesstohistory.com (2009).</span> <P> <div align="center">  <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/show_ads.js"> </script>  </div> <p></p></td> </tr> </table></td>   <td width="120" valign="top"><table width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" border="0"> <tr> <td> <script type="text/javascript"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="http://tags.expo9.exponential.com/tags/EyeWitnesstoHistorycom/ROS/tags.js"></script>    <table height=500 border="0"> <tr> <td valign="bottom"><span class="notes">Britain ended its practice of Impressment at the close of the War of 1812. Shanghaing was not outlawed in the United States until 1915.</span> </td> </tr> </table>  </td> </tr> </table></td>  </tr> </table>    <table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr> <td valign="top" width=121><IMG height=17 hspace=0 src="images/sidefillerb.gif" width=121 align=left border=0 hvspace="0"> </td> </tr> </table>   <table width="100%" bgcolor="#e6dfc8" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" border="0"> <tr> <td valign="bottom"><div align="center"><span class="navigation"><a href="awfrm.htm">Ancient World</a> | <a href="mefrm.htm">Middle Ages/Renassiance</a> | <a href="17frm.htm">17th Century</a> | <a href="18frm.htm">18th Century</a> | <a href="19frm.htm">19th Century</a> | <a href="cwfrm.htm">Civil War</a> | <a href="owfrm.htm">Old West</a> | <a href="20frm.htm">20th Century</a></span></div></td> </tr> <tr> <td><div align="center"><span class="navigation"><a href="w1frm.htm">World War One</a> | <a href="w2frm.htm">World War Two</a> | <a href="photofrm.htm">Photo of the Week</a> | <a href="snpfrm.htm">SnapShots</a> | <a href="vofrm.htm">Voices</a> | <a href="himmenu.htm">History in Motion</a> | <a href="eyindx.htm">Index</a> | <a href="index.html">Home</a></span></div></td> </tr> </table> <TABLE border="0" bgcolor="#D1D2B4" width="100%" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <td valign="top"><div align="center"> <font face="arial" Size="-2">Copyright © Ibis Communications, Inc.</font></div> <br> </td> </tr> </TABLE> <table border="0" bgcolor="#D1D2B4" width="100%" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tr> <TD align="left"><IMG alt="" src="images/boxbl4.gif" border=0></TD> <TD><IMG height=1 alt="" src="images/spacer.gif" width=1 border=0></TD> <TD align="right" valign="center"><IMG alt="" src="images/boxbr4.gif" border=0></TD> </tr> </table>  <map name="Map"> <area shape="rect" coords="3,2,200,195" HREF="javascript: pict('riisa.htm')" alt=""I scrubs:"> </map> <script src="http://www.google-analytics.com/urchin.js" type="text/javascript"> </script> <script type="text/javascript"> _uacct = "UA-1994783-1"; urchinTracker(); </script> </body> </html>

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Shanghaied, 1811