CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,PHN2ZyB4bWxucz0iaHR0cDovL3d3dy53My5vcmcvMjAwMC9zdmciIHdpZHRoPSIzMiIgaGVpZ2h0PSIzMiIgZmlsbD0ibm9uZSI+PHBhdGggZmlsbD0iI0IyMEYwMyIgZD0iTTE2IDNhMTMgMTMgMCAxIDAgMTMgMTNBMTMuMDE1IDEzLjAxNSAwIDAgMCAxNiAzbTAgMjRhMTEgMTEgMCAxIDEgMTEtMTEgMTEuMDEgMTEuMDEgMCAwIDEtMTEgMTEiLz48cGF0aCBmaWxsPSIjQjIwRjAzIiBkPSJNMTcuMDM4IDE4LjYxNUgxNC44N0wxNC41NjMgOS41aDIuNzgzem0tMS4wODQgMS40MjdxLjY2IDAgMS4wNTcuMzg4LjQwNy4zODkuNDA3Ljk5NCAwIC41OTYtLjQwNy45ODQtLjM5Ny4zOS0xLjA1Ny4zODktLjY1IDAtMS4wNTYtLjM4OS0uMzk4LS4zODktLjM5OC0uOTg0IDAtLjU5Ny4zOTgtLjk4NS40MDYtLjM5NyAxLjA1Ni0uMzk3Ii8+PC9zdmc+);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '9150c9b17a533f4b',cH: 'OV3t_VstLqhbNUSYqXdCGpkj.cPcEP.z2FIgh7V7AM8-1740078533-1.2.1.1-N1S6GfJMD5PK7B.tCEfitcQF6RWuebayBjzG5TfZ.wxcvMcg8TirRff7NAco_MvH',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=geo-clustering&__cf_chl_tk=35iUuDUE6TUV7SmUdeRtIYtANeYse1IFGSWVcflIB00-1740078533-1.0.1.1-iVqbEJlyYj9.IxyeWCJFHXIrvLcIzZwswOwLBZ7_Dbs",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1740078533',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "unsupported-browser",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=geo-clustering&__cf_chl_f_tk=35iUuDUE6TUV7SmUdeRtIYtANeYse1IFGSWVcflIB00-1740078533-1.0.1.1-iVqbEJlyYj9.IxyeWCJFHXIrvLcIzZwswOwLBZ7_Dbs",md: "nsHeOJFTSUCI0y8CHz4WBA6A9Rh0wnq5TMM4W3wPNjA-1740078533-1.2.1.1-ux5hg0.Y.YvJjuBzQSAqZpGki06.NtYaLd7i4yH3qjNkl4x6s2GcyAzR1uJGB05Q97u6KMUWt4FXrkU1gOD.pBopX8T5R4ekdFiCmSrSX8dK7_g6Nuz2Thf51kz8VE.Ih4GtQKcffIuxP.nFlFOSJX7yjZFghRXHiYu7wa4SwDVsjIC0IAdtrlA6VeAH3WuD3w8c0SQSB71ogiLF4U6C87i9C7ufObV56VNRqhGydnHxK91riyIbjl1St14TXMh0rmgV4PTuxsFNp7yuzbH5_8d3n3KcuxQKYPzXKp7IJXEMnI0mj3.396q7Yn8nvyZe5zYPPHVwWYxU6eD85ij.0_.No.SNwj1EDFrPGQMhhWN3s2BsPZAZaEW4Dcs1tZoh1aTqu1wsO.qkoF0DDQv5OLo9Ic2By3iujO.gxiurNMesvB1VJooEKA5s0pJKAPyrZ.uDVGXmcQCbskymAqjLOQnbW9A5S6keksk4zi4TMtP5T_C0c7Qz0KY6IgUuGXKWCk3mbPrslMV3ifPRXUc7m2cg2.Gc.tNhywGveBI_Un7WSO4qbqKjcxs4DgGArYu6ALgTVAue7uCoUH7Oe5YacCWA7xt8Fsfe9lFnvsapbftkE18vZKW4uCzSJztJfshzRrqeuanIUK92J9YD_qgbgjdopapJN81PmGKNuzdIf7_lI4bui_hw4hQLvVfLgiWIgXy2FmrOAz6nrIeTcnhM.Qy1rX9Ngt0JaGfMs8YEIaJxsfu2.FPZ7tRGVI7Gbk2p_VuzpbhWKGBwjqRs7zG4taNYNdQoYd_sBJ2IYMSBhNS.My5M7IzpMvdC805Y2ZDMEe_n2mw5OnRdaJcao12i6Jk.8RC0otfCPxSiVCsJi2rhs7YdyhhDdcvlDSR.5h3lbHyx.lA2lOTUSEFB9dctBFYv1FaUVTVPTjQWy4eq1YS1ncnu5mSKEi5LdE5FoJzULO.4c7xqld7hW6z1OdlNnNSnAAdNE6475vRMkhfIJWYACxQETVxUp3VTfvaP2.o1b4C6Lwz_ETRgYbjzDFiKv6A4VTBkJsaZ5zcDz5j.iIMuHCAAbkdzKBywt0HLGqUOYY68zas.Qu0B4EqP5_HLsp5KR84ZhJ0I3KxrOIIFFp6y2iuY2_aBBZhlIaidWItyc_11uXTX_KCwzh7He.xXLECf663LgdU9uk53cDFDpm3WcE.CsSu6141JG0qNRdiV6fhqRkBicBzhytfq1x1St_tA9GqFAbFV6qZWGiaRpOxSfZcZpO0WIEx.5qZCL20tqWRLbdnS9Z01ICLTwdB8SEH0CoeflkjB6sjMkEYti432_UWbwNC7WV3yjn1O4MGOMf_1u0TziUJMAEpKUJhqlZLaFiN8n1NwvQmGLX6tceIOq.LePsbS_Q9QYBypfeCAP9.VaGScRSXXJlrp3uBCJgoF7oklORg6rRjmz5v_izNg8DwhAySU_I1EGLdtkZxbUWWVMGoS8lzZP.776P_e8PT9qNfh.uB374ClrY2XnzpKjrs9Nf9XFB7Ly3Ct.l3uFVqxfw6Jqf1ioIJ.w2X77c8sVEAhAi7MLoAW804ViA8CTYQx4.UKD0hcWSK03JB9SMM7sn5qq9B7w4UTMmdfe66lLMvoPcqaK6iobNeDDTNtELMnwm7lx4xVB2AcFeR_DpOHHAVnSzStKn4dHcDrSOLmZVmy0f3HGqutvEFY3KLD8CpobNfLy2Q.H5VWKMsnVB1IuydUzoBjBVJHMDkDABTC_1mpqZoF.J6OM_tG1K1Kp21lOoolDRjptjWwVUDNIq5_3_axyQfk0UWRppZXnmFtquaJt49U0FzJm1ItbVanLjqGczrlk2JfItA2ube1_4Ypwl6btmRQrQW0eyY8geokasySyeE5ADRSxFstpddjFhlF9KW14sat9fhboJRPiLhDvSwI3Nma9X7eZ2eqQa9oCv.vIlgO9Y2QJggpdpE",mdrd: "sl10wXHqnnrv9Vqmo3u972gXdY7y2zMCz_go44dJyvQ-1740078533-1.2.1.1-vigMjZkttjfFJfhcr8DqDzXnlFwimLMVIsA7Sp7T6C2C.o4_Ek4LBDYEQHFILB8OFZPaycsbsvfeiiJ73Wj4b89HW7QVLy2e2P8DpeSRp3YZr0qrt07gtqt0dilRJ1GuMFWqs1Tx57dUjOMMgy.932YY49WC2W_oIFiJSm.91nKzxq37ZQeIfTiEAQBKzyhxgISOk58BWoTKRD155FwmvyRRuJ1xD4xqdAiids1_d2uWNiXaG_r2h_yxtQj9DX3_coAWVRJOd.EN9znnOgQAtxnEzXSiGeVwyjBZXh1qRNMRUkmUVRDL7AFy9uQ3o5Mc10m25LQa4k0Z_kArr0AZ5KJf7a3slNHxcwZJ1e5VkzByGt7d9eDNB7gwV4MBK9xgg1fCfbyLvBQChIHbRk__QWHUAufbNeIwcHW9SW4GYYX7KZXwXO62p.3aWuBXZpfsZStLjRquBoXecXuiz3eK_XKD49tOqFsmXV0O4x096cuqR0WucISpyUKW3yJsQeviD0RwtxNtmQ8mJCHxBx6qwmC3uKI5b5BeTbLwYJsbRDm5y20FnmTapmeewFlPC7ha_6gZlf1KNRhO.3H8I_i312VPDEmeJwHsZXe2FphS9961DCmbupb2_pWRmOJbDbyMPrAgVz7Mhbci8FAl8ATpQSrKFQWG_WdEOi_yTsJEeRtMwAeGNSBgXvBUqEyRyEbm8.Bl3tc5vyZy8uUANsLcxKE.66x19dDqt84EVsrGKZjhkrgeEXtL9TcBwV3BazNGILtu1JkwKURnymwAgHv.8rcau548vstCnk59pU0WAmF223ODBPkAVIjA1OJ5fya4wBBvbgTN69kJWZGb5QeAppUKWNLk0ijCOun_kl825lfRJ4p2GfCyZ_Faua4Bk7vE30JG0Xt7YY8PXCtKC75SVKE8To3F0amPnBdMHqhDAUzggpny4ZqIDTZnDJDL_Z4cBNz5CpVri3TnkFC0BAyLRthilORqQa2RtsO3HEN4uj4QExahwxDVgyM1TxZiqWxPniGFCZF6HlKfk1JQVifwbO2Gc6yMlveIZUXZq2OIsbflHPTK4lfYg23vTLx1p4gkZIrTBo0zeuhM2KyEqMwzDeMfcduSFrtDZYeivCoGKsy1TqgJazf4XnERq7gr7wqWXtEeOQ8hf58wKUiDrBmK_H8u4u9ZhzZ2VbUUYGGB22ksZaLUejWMAFo6sO1h2uRI.Itj3ExMuIvpFrCXfXk7i02O4JjgoOHZpzlQOy4iwaqNFJiV8GuSGgYUevjdhCiKa_Z8OEu_s8Ld1LSB03mQ1QTOrkKDlFPZxLfWtpd2Q0njftqTvyX8dF_rp7uOfnytYjKf8MqVZm_hxyMAxZlBdurgpkrBqMkCg0fGXage3ErbOtGjNx3wxIp6EnzlVIWLzdvSeUH4.o6k8DvhJuISY4xWHbikt7Of8OzfcYe2GypZ7CW2SoYXPQXyJygxUzjOHMkD36aiLx4AdqKHcUlvDbcp17MiJF7HZ.HlQKde9AnRzRcXCI2CTBpNfjRT1EpDjqXCZWjtC64gievZjkfFPKBoVd8DxF423SPKMcIEkkdpkc495fGhJF9bd24435qc1H45CAgwu2egt0SwLOkrAyB3W6zoyE7s5fS0zekMhUioCXM7rXWpWd8TCTLAf6Q.mjlQbtBCf.aSyQzv2CwZx2aiDIcszvWVq.cBU5AOgnscSC2wVTp5Deq.wXomioS4ce1MDFf5PSsd8.C6Han49vakL6HrA9H.ULmG88MlXGGywZY92lAMf_KPmJ7Ch7ESIEoEVw_wtQOFOfFx1U8heYzmRQrC9G8FbgiUVbBGHZcnxuWRuUbjgczzY7PMUvDlwxRvmHUBpYzCgwqTKyrmqXRntnWH6T0FenPzzUM2VoamY4ZdYAveQI1emzCGEDSOSpyVRwuSyjrEWeCc3ph6t4gkeCZ5p__hd73y1j62Pc.9GyT8qHijsuQTJXNxSNOd"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9150c9b17a533f4b';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=geo-clustering&__cf_chl_rt_tk=35iUuDUE6TUV7SmUdeRtIYtANeYse1IFGSWVcflIB00-1740078533-1.0.1.1-iVqbEJlyYj9.IxyeWCJFHXIrvLcIzZwswOwLBZ7_Dbs" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>