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California</title> <meta name="description" content="Search results for: California"> <meta name="keywords" content="California"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, minimum-scale=1, maximum-scale=1, user-scalable=no"> <meta charset="utf-8"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/favicon.ico" type="image/x-icon" rel="shortcut icon"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/bootstrap-4.2.1/css/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/plugins/fontawesome/css/all.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <link href="https://cdn.waset.org/static/css/site.css?v=150220211555" rel="stylesheet"> </head> <body> <header> <div class="container"> <nav class="navbar navbar-expand-lg navbar-light"> <a class="navbar-brand" href="https://waset.org"> <img src="https://cdn.waset.org/static/images/wasetc.png" alt="Open Science Research Excellence" title="Open Science Research Excellence" /> </a> <button class="d-block d-lg-none navbar-toggler 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id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="California"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 163</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: California</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">163</span> The impact of International Trade on Maritime Ecosystems: Evidence from the California Emission Control Area and the Kelp Forests</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fabien%20Candau">Fabien Candau</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Florian%20Lafferrere"> Florian Lafferrere</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This article analyses how an emission policy for vessels (named California’s Ocean-Going Vessel Fuel Rule) was implemented in 2009 in California impacts trade and marine biodiversity. By studying the decrease in emission levels anticipated by the policy, we measure not only the consequences for port activities but also for one of the most important marine ecosystems of the California Coast: the Kelp forests. Using the Difference in Difference (DiD) approach at the Californian ports level, we find that this policy has led to a significant decrease in trade volume during this period. Therefore, we find a positive and significant effect of shipping policy on kelp canopy and biomass growth by controlling the specific climatic and environmental characteristics of California coastal areas. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=international%20trade" title="international trade">international trade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shipping" title=" shipping"> shipping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=marine%20biodiversity" title=" marine biodiversity"> marine biodiversity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emission%20control%20area" title=" emission control area"> emission control area</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177949/the-impact-of-international-trade-on-maritime-ecosystems-evidence-from-the-california-emission-control-area-and-the-kelp-forests" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/177949.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">61</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">162</span> Optimal Design of the Power Generation Network in California: Moving towards 100% Renewable Electricity by 2045</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wennan%20Long">Wennan Long</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yuhao%20Nie"> Yuhao Nie</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yunan%20Li"> Yunan Li</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adam%20Brandt"> Adam Brandt</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> To fight against climate change, California government issued the Senate Bill No. 100 (SB-100) in 2018 September, which aims at achieving a target of 100% renewable electricity by the end of 2045. A capacity expansion problem is solved in this case study using a binary quadratic programming model. The optimal locations and capacities of the potential renewable power plants (i.e., solar, wind, biomass, geothermal and hydropower), the phase-out schedule of existing fossil-based (nature gas) power plants and the transmission of electricity across the entire network are determined with the minimal total annualized cost measured by net present value (NPV). The results show that the renewable electricity contribution could increase to 85.9% by 2030 and reach 100% by 2035. Fossil-based power plants will be totally phased out around 2035 and solar and wind will finally become the most dominant renewable energy resource in California electricity mix. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=100%25%20renewable%20electricity" title="100% renewable electricity">100% renewable electricity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California" title=" California"> California</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=capacity%20expansion" title=" capacity expansion"> capacity expansion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mixed%20integer%20non-linear%20programming" title=" mixed integer non-linear programming"> mixed integer non-linear programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110652/optimal-design-of-the-power-generation-network-in-california-moving-towards-100-renewable-electricity-by-2045" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110652.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">171</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">161</span> Comparison of the Common Factors of the Top Academic Elementary Schools to the Average Elementary Schools in California: Looking beyond School Leadership</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lindy%20Valdez">Lindy Valdez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daryl%20Parker"> Daryl Parker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: There has been much research on academic achievement in elementary schools. Most of the research has been on school leadership. While research has focused on the role of leadership on school improvement, little research has examined what variables the top elementary schools have in common. To undertake school improvement, it is important to understand what factors the best schools share. The purpose of this study was to examine data of the “Best Elementary Schools in California,” based on academic achievement as rated by three prominent websites and determine if these schools had any common factors which were different than the statewide averages. The variables examined included access to subject matter specialists (physical education, art, and music), librarians, after school programs, class size, socioeconomic status, and diversity. The participants consisted of the top public elementary schools in California based on the websites i)https://www.niche.com/k12/search/best-schools/, ii)https://www.finder.com/best-schools-california,and iii)https://www.schooldigger.com/go/CA/schoolrank.aspx. The data for subject matter specialists (physical education, art, and music), librarians, after school programs, class size, socioeconomic status, and diversity were collected from these top schools and compared to California statewide averages. Results indicate that top public elementary schools in California have a high number of subject matter specialists that teach physical education, art, and music. These positions are on the decline in the average public elementary school in California, but the top schools have abundant access to these specialists. The physical education specialist has the highest statistically significant difference between the nationwide average and the top schools—librarians, and after school programs are also most commonly high in top public elementary schools in California. The high presence of these programs may be aiding academic achievement in less visible ways. Class size is small, socio-economic status is high, and diversity is low among top public elementary schools in California when compared to the statewide average public elementary schools in California. The single largest area of discrepancy was between physical education specialists in a top school and their state and nationwide averages. The socioeconomic status of schools and parents may be an underlining factor affecting several other variables. This affluence could explain how these schools were able to have access to subject matter specialists, after-school activities, and, therefore, more opportunities for physical activity and greater learning opportunities affecting academic achievement. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=academic%20achievement" title="academic achievement">academic achievement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=elementary%20education" title=" elementary education"> elementary education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factors" title=" factors"> factors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=schools" title=" schools"> schools</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114838/comparison-of-the-common-factors-of-the-top-academic-elementary-schools-to-the-average-elementary-schools-in-california-looking-beyond-school-leadership" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114838.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">133</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">160</span> The University of California at Los Angeles-Young Autism Project: A Systematic Review of Replication Studies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Michael%20Nicolosi">Michael Nicolosi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Karola%20Dillenburger"> Karola Dillenburger</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The University of California at Los Angeles-Young Autism Project (UCLA-YAP) provides one of the best-known and most researched comprehensive applied behavior analysis-based intervention models for young children on the autism spectrum. This paper reports a systematic literature review of replication studies over more than 30 years. The data show that the relatively high-intensity UCLA-YAP model can be greatly beneficial for children on the autism spectrum, particularly with regard to their cognitive functioning and adaptive behavior. This review concludes that, while more research is always welcome, the impact of the UCLA-YAP model on autism interventions is justified by more than 30 years of outcome evidence. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ABA" title="ABA">ABA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=applied%20behavior%20analysis" title=" applied behavior analysis"> applied behavior analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title=" autism"> autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20at%20Los%20Angeles%20Young%20Autism%20project" title=" California at Los Angeles Young Autism project"> California at Los Angeles Young Autism project</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=intervention" title=" intervention"> intervention</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lovaas" title=" Lovaas"> Lovaas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UCLA-YAP" title=" UCLA-YAP"> UCLA-YAP</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152727/the-university-of-california-at-los-angeles-young-autism-project-a-systematic-review-of-replication-studies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/152727.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">103</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">159</span> Consolidating a Regime of State Terror: A Historical Analysis of Necropolitics and the Evolution of Policing Practices in California as a Former Colony, Frontier, and Late-Modern Settler Society</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peyton%20M.%20Provenzano">Peyton M. Provenzano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper draws primarily upon the framework of necropolitics and presents California as itself a former frontier, colony, and late-modern settler society. The convergence of these successive and overlapping regimes of state terror is actualized and traceable through an analysis of historical and contemporary police practices. At the behest of the Spanish Crown and with the assistance of the Spanish military, the Catholic Church led the original expedition to colonize California. The indigenous populations of California were subjected to brutal practices of confinement and enslavement at the missions. After the annex of California by the United States, the western-most territory became an infamous frontier where new settlers established vigilante militias to enact violence against indigenous populations to protect their newly stolen land. Early mining settlements sought to legitimize and fund vigilante violence by wielding the authority of rudimentary democratic structures. White settlers circulated petitions for funding to establish a volunteer company under California’s Militia Law for ‘protection’ against the local indigenous populations. The expansive carceral practices of Los Angelinos at the turn of the 19th century exemplify the way in which California solidified its regime of exclusion as a white settler society. Drawing on recent scholarship that queers the notion of biopower and names police as street-level sovereigns, the police murder of Kayla Moore is understood as the latest manifestation of a carceral regime of exclusion and genocide. Kayla Moore was an African American transgender woman living with a mental health disability that was murdered by Berkeley police responding to a mental health crisis call in 2013. The intersectionality of Kayla’s identity made her hyper-vulnerable to state-sanctioned violence. Kayla was a victim not only of the explicitly racial biopower of police, nor the regulatory state power of necropolitics but of the ‘asphyxia’ that was intended to invisibilize both her life and her murder. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=asphyxia" title="asphyxia">asphyxia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=biopower" title=" biopower"> biopower</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=california" title=" california"> california</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carceral%20state" title=" carceral state"> carceral state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=genocide" title=" genocide"> genocide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=necropolitics" title=" necropolitics"> necropolitics</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police" title=" police"> police</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=police%20violence" title=" police violence"> police violence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106005/consolidating-a-regime-of-state-terror-a-historical-analysis-of-necropolitics-and-the-evolution-of-policing-practices-in-california-as-a-former-colony-frontier-and-late-modern-settler-society" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/106005.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">137</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">158</span> The Proposal of Modification of California Pipe Method for Inclined Pipe </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Wojciech%20D%C4%85browski">Wojciech Dąbrowski</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joanna%20B%C4%85k"> Joanna Bąk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laurent%20Solliec"> Laurent Solliec</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Nowadays technical and technological progress and constant development of methods and devices applied to sanitary engineering is indispensable. Issues related to sanitary engineering involve flow measurements for water and wastewater. The precise measurement is very important and pivotal for further actions, like monitoring. There are many methods and techniques of flow measurement in the area of sanitary engineering. Weirs and flumes are well–known methods and common used. But also there are alternative methods. Some of them are very simple methods, others are solutions using high technique. The old–time method combined with new technique could be more useful than earlier. Paper describes substitute method of flow gauging (California pipe method) and proposal of modification of this method used for inclined pipe. Examination of possibility of improving and developing old–time methods is direction of the investigation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20pipe" title="California pipe">California pipe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sewerage" title=" sewerage"> sewerage</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20rate%20measurement" title=" flow rate measurement"> flow rate measurement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water" title=" water"> water</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=wastewater" title=" wastewater"> wastewater</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=improve" title=" improve"> improve</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=modification" title=" modification"> modification</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=hydraulic%20monitoring" title=" hydraulic monitoring"> hydraulic monitoring</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stream" title=" stream "> stream </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13243/the-proposal-of-modification-of-california-pipe-method-for-inclined-pipe" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13243.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">438</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">157</span> Viability of Irrigation Water Conservation Practices in the Low Desert of California</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Montazar">Ali Montazar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> California and the Colorado River Basin are facing increasing uncertainty concerning water supplies. The Colorado River is the main source of irrigation water in the low desert of California. Currently, due to an increasing water-use competition and long-term drought at the Colorado River Basin, efficient use of irrigation water is one of the highest conservation priorities in the region. This study aims to present some of current irrigation technologies and management approaches in the low desert and assess the viability and potential of these water management practices. The results of several field experiments are used to assess five water conservation practices of sub-surface drip irrigation, automated surface irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, tail-water recovery system, and deficit irrigation strategy. The preliminary results of several ongoing studies at commercial fields are presented, particularly researches in alfalfa, sugar beets, kliengrass, sunflower, and spinach fields. The findings indicate that all these practices have significant potential to conserve water (an average of 1 ac-ft/ac) and enhance the efficiency of water use (15-25%). Further work is needed to better understand the feasibility of each of these applications and to help maintain profitable and sustainable agricultural production system in the low desert as water and labor costs, and environmental issues increase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=automated%20surface%20irrigation" title="automated surface irrigation">automated surface irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=deficit%20irrigation" title=" deficit irrigation"> deficit irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=low%20desert%20of%20California" title=" low desert of California"> low desert of California</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sprinkler%20irrigation" title=" sprinkler irrigation"> sprinkler irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-surface%20drip%20irrigation" title=" sub-surface drip irrigation"> sub-surface drip irrigation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tail-water%20recovery%20system" title=" tail-water recovery system"> tail-water recovery system</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98630/viability-of-irrigation-water-conservation-practices-in-the-low-desert-of-california" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98630.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">158</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">156</span> The Legal Implications of Gender Quota for Public Companies</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Murat%20Can%20Pehlivanoglu">Murat Can Pehlivanoglu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Historically, gender equality has been mainly defended in the legal arenas of constitutional law and employment law. However, social and economic progress has required corporate law to provide gender equality on corporate boards. Recently, following the trend in Europe, the State of California (United States) enacted a law requiring that every publicly traded corporation based in California should have women on its board of directors. Still, the legal, social and economic implications of this law are yet to be discovered. The contractarian view of corporate law is predominant in the U.S. jurisprudence. However, gender quota law may not be justified through contractarian theory grounds. Therefore, the conformity of gender quota law with the general principles of U.S. corporate law remains questionable, and the immunity of close corporations from the scope of gender quota legislation provides support for the discrepancy. The methodology employed in this paper in the discussion of the rule’s conformity with corporate law is doctrinal, and American case law and legal scholarship are the basis for this discussion. This paper uses the aforementioned California law as sample legislation to evaluate the gender quota laws’ conformity with the contractarian theory of corporate law. It chooses California law as the sample due to its newness and the presence of pending shareholder lawsuits against it. Also, since California is home to global companies, the effect of such law is expected to be wider. As alternative theories laid down by corporate law may already be activated to provide gender equality on boards of publicly traded corporations, enacting a specific gender quota law would not be justified by an allegedly present statutory deficiency based on contractarian theory. However, this theoretical reality would not enable shareholders to succeed in their lawsuits against such law on corporate law grounds, and investors will have limited options against its results. This will eventually harm the integrity of the marketplace. Through the analysis of the contractarian theory of corporate law and California gender quota law, the major finding of this paper is that the contractarian theory of corporate law does not permit mandating board room equality through corporate law. In conclusion, it expresses that the issue should be dealt with through separate legislation with a different remedial structure, to preserve the traditional rationale of corporate law in U.S. law. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=board%20of%20directors" title="board of directors">board of directors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20equality" title=" gender equality"> gender equality</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gender%20quota" title=" gender quota"> gender quota</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=publicly%20traded%20corporations" title=" publicly traded corporations"> publicly traded corporations</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119882/the-legal-implications-of-gender-quota-for-public-companies" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/119882.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">155</span> A Map to Integrating Media into the Spanish Curriculum: The Case of California Lutheran University</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carrollyne%20Aasen">Carrollyne Aasen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Laverne%20Seales"> Laverne Seales</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> With increased Latinx communities within the United States, specifically in California, and more universities receiving designations of Hispanic-Serving institutions, Spanish programs have evolved to include more targeted and applicable practical skills. The Spanish program in the Languages and Cultures Department at California Lutheran University incorporated an interdisciplinary project with the Communication Department to create student-generated Spanish-language news inserts, which serve as a sister publication to the English-language student newspaper, The Echo. California Lutheran University is a Hispanic-Serving Institution, meaning it is an accredited undergraduate institution with full-time Hispanic/Latinx students equivalent to at least 25 percent of the total students enrolled. As a Hispanic Serving Institution with growing numbers of bilingual students, faculty, staff, and community members, the need for more information aimed at Hispanic/Latinx communities increased, resulting in the opportunity to reflect topics of interest by community members. This project was developed to fulfill the Spanish program's goals for proficiency by using the American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages guidelines and the university's need to support students and the community's voices. This article describes the stages from inception to production and the incorporation of journalism principles into the Spanish curriculum. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interdisciplinary" title="interdisciplinary">interdisciplinary</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=media" title=" media"> media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=foreign%20languages" title=" foreign languages"> foreign languages</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HSI" title=" HSI"> HSI</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165406/a-map-to-integrating-media-into-the-spanish-curriculum-the-case-of-california-lutheran-university" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/165406.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">69</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">154</span> Prediction of California Bearing Ratio from Physical Properties of Fine-Grained Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bao%20Thach%20Nguyen">Bao Thach Nguyen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abbas%20Mohajerani"> Abbas Mohajerani</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The California bearing ratio (CBR) has been acknowledged as an important parameter to characterize the bearing capacity of earth structures, such as earth dams, road embankments, airport runways, bridge abutments, and pavements. Technically, the CBR test can be carried out in the laboratory or in the field. The CBR test is time-consuming and is infrequently performed due to the equipment needed and the fact that the field moisture content keeps changing over time. Over the years, many correlations have been developed for the prediction of CBR by various researchers, including the dynamic cone penetrometer, undrained shear strength, and Clegg impact hammer. This paper reports and discusses some of the results from a study on the prediction of CBR. In the current study, the CBR test was performed in the laboratory on some fine-grained subgrade soils collected from various locations in Victoria. Based on the test results, a satisfactory empirical correlation was found between the CBR and the physical properties of the experimental soils. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20bearing%20ratio" title="California bearing ratio">California bearing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fine-grained%20soils" title=" fine-grained soils"> fine-grained soils</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20physical%20properties" title=" soil physical properties"> soil physical properties</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=pavement" title=" pavement"> pavement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil%20test" title=" soil test"> soil test</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18104/prediction-of-california-bearing-ratio-from-physical-properties-of-fine-grained-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/18104.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">510</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">153</span> Effect of Lime and Leaf Ash on Engineering Properties of Red Mud</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pawandeep%20Kaur">Pawandeep Kaur</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Prashant%20Garg"> Prashant Garg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Red mud is a byproduct of aluminum extraction from Bauxite industry. It is dumped in a pond which not only uses thousands of acres of land but having very high pH, it pollutes the ground water and the soil also. Leaves are yet another big waste especially during autumn when they contribute immensely to the blockage of drains and can easily catch fire, among other risks hence also needs to be utilized effectively. The use of leaf ash and red mud in highway construction as a filling material may be an efficient way to dispose of leaf ash and red mud. In this study, leaf ash and lime were used as admixtures to improve the geotechnical engineering properties of red mud. The red mud was taken from National Aluminum Company Limited, Odisha, and leaf ash was locally collected. The aim of present study is to investigate the effect of lime and leaf ash on compaction characteristics and strength characteristics of red mud. California Bearing Ratio and Unconfined Compression Strength tests were performed on red mud by varying different percentages of lime and leaf ash. Leaf ash was added in proportion 2%,4%,6%,8% and 10% whereas lime was added in proportions of 5% to 15%. Optimized value of lime was decided with respect to maximum CBR (California Bearing Ratio) of red mud mixed with different proportions of lime. An increase of 300% in California Bearing ratio of red mud and an increase of 125% in Unconfined Compression Strength values were observed. It may, therefore, be concluded that red mud may be effectively utilized in the highway industry as a filler material. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=stabilization" title="stabilization">stabilization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime" title=" lime"> lime</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=red%20mud" title=" red mud"> red mud</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=leaf%20ash" title=" leaf ash"> leaf ash</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87827/effect-of-lime-and-leaf-ash-on-engineering-properties-of-red-mud" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/87827.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">242</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">152</span> Anthropometric Profile and Its Influence on the Vital Signs of Baja California College Students</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20A.%20Lopez">J. A. Lopez</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20E.%20Olguin"> J. E. Olguin</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Camargo"> C. Camargo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=G.%20A.%20Quijano"> G. A. Quijano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Martinez"> R. Martinez </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An anthropometric study applied to 1,115 students of the Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Engineering of the Autonomous University of California. Thirteen individual measurements were taken in a sitting position. The results obtained allow forming a reliable anthropometric database for statistical studies and analysis and inferences of specific distributions, so the opinion of experts in occupational medicine recommendations may emit to reduce risks resulting in an alteration of the vital signs during the execution of their school activities. Another use of these analyses is to use them as a reliable reference for future deeper research, to the design of spaces, tools, utensils, workstations, with anthropometric dimensions and ergonomic characteristics suitable to use. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=anthropometry" title="anthropometry">anthropometry</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vital%20signs" title=" vital signs"> vital signs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=students" title=" students"> students</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medicine" title=" medicine"> medicine</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13271/anthropometric-profile-and-its-influence-on-the-vital-signs-of-baja-california-college-students" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/13271.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">385</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">151</span> Design of Seismically Resistant Tree-Branching Steel Frames Using Theory and Design Guides for Eccentrically Braced Frames</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=R.%20Gary%20Black">R. Gary Black</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abolhassan%20Astaneh-Asl"> Abolhassan Astaneh-Asl</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The International Building Code (IBC) and the California Building Code (CBC) both recognize four basic types of steel seismic resistant frames; moment frames, concentrically braced frames, shear walls and eccentrically braced frames. Based on specified geometries and detailing, the seismic performance of these steel frames is well understood. In 2011, the authors designed an innovative steel braced frame system with tapering members in the general shape of a branching tree as a seismic retrofit solution to an existing four story “lift-slab” building. Located in the seismically active San Francisco Bay Area of California, a frame of this configuration, not covered by the governing codes, would typically require model or full scale testing to obtain jurisdiction approval. This paper describes how the theories, protocols, and code requirements of eccentrically braced frames (EBFs) were employed to satisfy the 2009 International Building Code (IBC) and the 2010 California Building Code (CBC) for seismically resistant steel frames and permit construction of these nonconforming geometries. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=eccentrically%20braced%20frame" title="eccentrically braced frame">eccentrically braced frame</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lift%20slab%20construction" title=" lift slab construction"> lift slab construction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=seismic%20retrofit" title=" seismic retrofit"> seismic retrofit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=shear%20link" title=" shear link"> shear link</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=steel%20design" title=" steel design"> steel design</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2712/design-of-seismically-resistant-tree-branching-steel-frames-using-theory-and-design-guides-for-eccentrically-braced-frames" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/2712.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">468</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">150</span> Family Homicide: A Comparison of Rural and Urban Communities in California</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bohsiu%20Wu">Bohsiu Wu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study compares the differences in social dynamics between rural and urban areas in California to explain homicides involving family members. It is hypothesized that rural homicides are better explained by social isolation and lack of intervention resources, whereas urban homicides are attributed to social disadvantage factors. Several critical social dynamics including social isolation, social disadvantages, acculturation, and intervention resources were entered in a hierarchical linear model (HLM) to examine whether county-level factors affect how each specific dynamic performs at the ZIP code level, a proxy measure for communities. Homicide data are from the Supplementary Homicide Report for all 58 counties in California from 1997 to 1999. Predictors at both the county and ZIP code levels are derived from the 2000 US census. Preliminary results from a HLM analysis show that social isolation is a significant but moderate predictor to explain rural family homicide and various social disadvantage factors are significant factors accounting for urban family homicide. Acculturation has little impact. Rurality and urbanity appear to interact with various social dynamics in explaining family homicide. The implications for prevention at both the county and community level as well as directions for future study on the differences between rural and urban locales are explored in the paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communities" title="communities">communities</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=family" title=" family"> family</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HLM" title=" HLM"> HLM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=homicide" title=" homicide"> homicide</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=rural" title=" rural"> rural</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urban" title=" urban"> urban</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41826/family-homicide-a-comparison-of-rural-and-urban-communities-in-california" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/41826.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">326</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">149</span> Awareness for Air Pollution Impacts on Lung Cancer in Southern California: A Pilot Study for Designed Smartphone Application</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Mohammed%20Raoof">M. Mohammed Raoof</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Enkhtaivan"> A. Enkhtaivan</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=H.%20Aljuaid"> H. Aljuaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study follows the design science research methodology to design and implement a smartphone application artifact. The developed artifact was evaluated through three phases. The System Usability Scale (SUS) metric was used for the evaluation. The designed artifact aims to spread awareness about reducing air pollution, decreasing lung cancer development, and checking the air quality status in Southern California Counties. Participants have been drawn for a pilot study to facilitate awareness of air pollution. The study found that smartphone applications have a beneficial effect on the study’s aims. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=air%20pollution" title="air pollution">air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=design%20science%20research" title=" design science research"> design science research</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=indoor%20air%20pollution" title=" indoor air pollution"> indoor air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lung%20cancer" title=" lung cancer"> lung cancer</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=outdoor%20air%20pollution" title=" outdoor air pollution"> outdoor air pollution</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=smartphone%20application" title=" smartphone application"> smartphone application</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166908/awareness-for-air-pollution-impacts-on-lung-cancer-in-southern-california-a-pilot-study-for-designed-smartphone-application" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/166908.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">119</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">148</span> Seismic Behavior of Existing Reinforced Concrete Buildings in California under Mainshock-Aftershock Scenarios</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ahmed%20Mantawy">Ahmed Mantawy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=James%20C.%20Anderson"> James C. Anderson</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Numerous cases of earthquakes (main-shocks) that were followed by aftershocks have been recorded in California. In 1992 a pair of strong earthquakes occurred within three hours of each other in Southern California. The first shock occurred near the community of Landers and was assigned a magnitude of 7.3 then the second shock occurred near the city of Big Bear about 20 miles west of the initial shock and was assigned a magnitude of 6.2. In the same year, a series of three earthquakes occurred over two days in the Cape-Mendocino area of Northern California. The main-shock was assigned a magnitude of 7.0 while the second and the third shocks were both assigned a value of 6.6. This paper investigates the effect of a main-shock accompanied with aftershocks of significant intensity on reinforced concrete (RC) frame buildings to indicate nonlinear behavior using PERFORM-3D software. A 6-story building in San Bruno and a 20-story building in North Hollywood were selected for the study as both of them have RC moment resisting frame systems. The buildings are also instrumented at multiple floor levels as a part of the California Strong Motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP). Both buildings have recorded responses during past events such as Loma-Prieta and Northridge earthquakes which were used in verifying the response parameters of the numerical models in PERFORM-3D. The verification of the numerical models shows good agreement between the calculated and the recorded response values. Then, different scenarios of a main-shock followed by a series of aftershocks from real cases in California were applied to the building models in order to investigate the structural behavior of the moment-resisting frame system. The behavior was evaluated in terms of the lateral floor displacements, the ductility demands, and the inelastic behavior at critical locations. The analysis results showed that permanent displacements may have happened due to the plastic deformation during the main-shock that can lead to higher displacements during after-shocks. Also, the inelastic response at plastic hinges during the main-shock can change the hysteretic behavior during the aftershocks. Higher ductility demands can also occur when buildings are subjected to trains of ground motions compared to the case of individual ground motions. A general conclusion is that the occurrence of aftershocks following an earthquake can lead to increased damage within the elements of an RC frame buildings. Current code provisions for seismic design do not consider the probability of significant aftershocks when designing a new building in zones of high seismic activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reinforced%20concrete" title="reinforced concrete">reinforced concrete</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=existing%20buildings" title=" existing buildings"> existing buildings</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aftershocks" title=" aftershocks"> aftershocks</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=damage%20accumulation" title=" damage accumulation"> damage accumulation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60766/seismic-behavior-of-existing-reinforced-concrete-buildings-in-california-under-mainshock-aftershock-scenarios" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/60766.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">280</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">147</span> Risk Management of Water Derivatives: A New Commodity in The Market</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Daniel%20Mokatsanyane">Daniel Mokatsanyane</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Johnny%20Jansen%20Van%20Rensburg"> Johnny Jansen Van Rensburg</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper is a concise introduction of the risk management on the water derivatives market. Water, a new commodity in the market, is one of the most important commodity on earth. As important to life and planet as crops, metals, and energy, none of them matters without water. This paper presents a brief overview of water as a tradable commodity via a new first of its kind futures contract on the Nasdaq Veles California Water Index (NQH2O) derivative instrument, TheGeneralised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) statistical model will be the used to measure the water price volatility of the instrument and its performance since it’s been traded. describe the main products and illustrate their usage in risk management and also discuss key challenges with modeling and valuation of water as a traded commodity and finally discuss how water derivatives may be taken as an alternative asset investment class. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20derivatives" title="water derivatives">water derivatives</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commodity%20market" title=" commodity market"> commodity market</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nasdaq%20veles%20california%20water%20Index%20%28NQH2O" title=" nasdaq veles california water Index (NQH2O"> nasdaq veles california water Index (NQH2O</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=water%20price" title=" water price"> water price</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=risk%20management" title=" risk management"> risk management</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153057/risk-management-of-water-derivatives-a-new-commodity-in-the-market" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/153057.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">136</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">146</span> In the Spirit of Open Educational Resources: Library Resources and Fashion Merchandising</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lizhu%20Y.%20Davis">Lizhu Y. Davis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Gretchen%20Higginbottom"> Gretchen Higginbottom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Vang%20Vang"> Vang Vang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This presentation explores the adoption of library resources to engage students in a Visual Merchandising course during the 2016 spring semester. This study was a cross-disciplinary collaboration between the Fashion Merchandising Program and the Madden Library at California State University, Fresno. The goal of the project was to explore and assess the students’ use of library resources as a part of the Affordable Learning Solutions Initiative, a California State University (CSU) Office of the Chancellor Program that enables faculty to choose and provide high-quality, free or low-cost educational materials for their students. Students were interviewed afterwards and the results were generally favorable and provided insight into how students perceive and use library resources to support their research needs. This study reveals an important step in examining how open educational resources impact student learning. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=collaboration" title="collaboration">collaboration</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=library%20resources" title=" library resources"> library resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=open%20educational%20resources" title=" open educational resources"> open educational resources</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=visual%20merchandising" title=" visual merchandising"> visual merchandising</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54415/in-the-spirit-of-open-educational-resources-library-resources-and-fashion-merchandising" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/54415.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">145</span> A Consumption-Based Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment of Carbon Footprints in California: High Footprints in Small Urban Households </h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jukka%20Heinonen">Jukka Heinonen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Higher density reduces distances, private car dependency and thus reduces greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs). As a result, increased density has been given a central role among urban development targets. However, it is not just travel behavior that changes along with density. Rather, the consumption patterns, or overall lifestyles, change along with changing urban structure, particularly with changing housing types and consumption opportunities. Furthermore, elevated consumption of services, more frequent flying and less intra-household sharing have been shown to potentially outweigh the gains from reduced driving in more dense urban settlements. In this study, the geography of carbon footprints (CFs) in California is analyzed paying close attention to the household size differences and the resulting economies-of-scale advantages and disadvantages. A hybrid life cycle assessment (LCA) framework is employed together with consumer expenditure data to assess the CFs. According to the study, small urban households have the highest CFs in California. Their transport related emissions are significantly lower than those of the residents of less urbanized areas, but higher emissions from other consumption categories, together with the low degree of sharing of goods, overweigh the gains. Two functional units, per capita and per household, are used to analyze the CFs and to demonstrate the importance of household size. The lifestyle impacts visible through the consumption data are also discussed. The study suggests that there are still significant gaps in our understanding of the premises of low-carbon human settlements. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=carbon%20footprint" title="carbon footprint">carbon footprint</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=life%20cycle%20assessment" title=" life cycle assessment"> life cycle assessment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lifestyle" title=" lifestyle"> lifestyle</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=household%20size" title=" household size"> household size</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=consumption" title=" consumption"> consumption</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=economies-of-scale" title=" economies-of-scale"> economies-of-scale</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57381/a-consumption-based-hybrid-life-cycle-assessment-of-carbon-footprints-in-california-high-footprints-in-small-urban-households" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/57381.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">355</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">144</span> Effect of Soaking Period of Clay on Its California Bearing Ratio Value</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Robert%20G.%20Nini">Robert G. Nini </a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The quality of road pavement is affected mostly by the type of sub-grade which is acting as road foundation. The roads degradation is related to many factors especially the climatic conditions, the quality, and the thickness of the base materials. The thickness of this layer depends on its California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test value which by its turn is highly affected by the quantity of water infiltrated under the road after heavy rain. The capacity of the base material to drain out its water is predominant factor because any change in moisture content causes change in sub-grade strength. This paper studies the effect of the soaking period of soil especially clay on its CBR value. For this reason, we collected many clayey samples in order to study the effect of the soaking period on its CBR value. On each soil, two groups of experiments were performed: main tests consisting of Proctor and CBR test from one side and from other side identification tests consisting of other tests such as Atterberg limits tests. Each soil sample was first subjected to Proctor test in order to find its optimum moisture content which will be used to perform the CBR test. Four CBR tests were performed on each soil with different soaking period. The first CBR was done without soaking the soil sample; the second one with two days soaking, the third one with four days soaking period and the last one was done under eight days soaking. By comparing the results of CBR tests performed with different soaking time, a more detailed understanding was given to the role of the water in reducing the CBR of soil. In fact, by extending the soaking period, the CBR was found to be reduced quickly the first two days and slower after. A precise reduction factor of the CBR in relation with soaking period was found at the end of this paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20Bearing%20Ratio" title="California Bearing Ratio">California Bearing Ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=clay" title=" clay"> clay</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=proctor%20test" title=" proctor test"> proctor test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soaking%20period" title=" soaking period"> soaking period</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sub-grade" title=" sub-grade"> sub-grade</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98889/effect-of-soaking-period-of-clay-on-its-california-bearing-ratio-value" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98889.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">132</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">143</span> Innovations in Healthy and Active Aging: A Case Study of "Aging in Place" in Northern California</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lisa%20Handwerker">Lisa Handwerker</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Using a Medical Anthropological lens, the paper will explore ideas elated to "aging in place" among Northern Californian older adults. Older adults seek independence, autonomy, flexibility, engagement, fulfillment and community in their pursuit of the highest quality of life. These values are at the heart of healthy and active "aging in place'. Drawing on a case study, the paper will examine one membership based non-profit organization for older adults united by the members' desire to be healthy and active while remaining in their homes for as long as possible. Relying on both volunteer and paid work, the paper explores the use of volunteer peer-to peer support, community building and advanced technologies toward this goal. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aging%20in%20place" title="aging in place">aging in place</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=healthy%20and%20active%20aging" title=" healthy and active aging"> healthy and active aging</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=northern%20california" title=" northern california"> northern california</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=medical%20anthropologist" title=" medical anthropologist"> medical anthropologist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engagement" title=" engagement"> engagement</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autonomy" title=" autonomy"> autonomy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flexibility" title=" flexibility"> flexibility</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=community" title=" community"> community</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=volunteers" title=" volunteers"> volunteers</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=quality%20of%20life" title=" quality of life"> quality of life</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157134/innovations-in-healthy-and-active-aging-a-case-study-of-aging-in-place-in-northern-california" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/157134.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">101</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">142</span> Optimization and Validation for Determination of VOCs from Lime Fruit Citrus aurantifolia (Christm.) with and without California Red Scale Aonidiella aurantii (Maskell) Infested by Using HS-SPME-GC-FID/MS</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=K.%20Mohammed">K. Mohammed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=M.%20Agarwal"> M. Agarwal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=J.%20Mewman"> J. Mewman</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Ren"> Y. Ren</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An optimum technic has been developed for extracting volatile organic compounds which contribute to the aroma of lime fruit (<em>Citrus aurantifolia</em>). The volatile organic compounds of healthy and infested lime fruit with California red scale <em>Aonidiella</em> <em>aurantii</em> were characterized using headspace solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) combined with gas chromatography (GC) coupled flame ionization detection (FID) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) as a very simple, efficient and nondestructive extraction method. A three-phase 50/30 μm PDV/DVB/CAR fibre was used for the extraction process. The optimal sealing and fibre exposure time for volatiles reaching equilibrium from whole lime fruit in the headspace of the chamber was 16 and 4 hours respectively. 5 min was selected as desorption time of the three-phase fibre. Herbivorous activity induces indirect plant defenses, as the emission of herbivorous-induced plant volatiles (HIPVs), which could be used by natural enemies for host location. GC-MS analysis showed qualitative differences among volatiles emitted by infested and healthy lime fruit. The GC-MS analysis allowed the initial identification of 18 compounds, with similarities higher than 85%, in accordance with the NIST mass spectral library. One of these were increased by <em>A. aurantii</em> infestation, D-limonene, and three were decreased, Undecane, α-Farnesene and 7-epi-α-selinene. From an applied point of view, the application of the above-mentioned VOCs may help boost the efficiency of biocontrol programs and natural enemies’ production techniques. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lime%20fruit" title="lime fruit">lime fruit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Citrus%20aurantifolia" title=" Citrus aurantifolia"> Citrus aurantifolia</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20red%20scale" title=" California red scale"> California red scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aonidiella%20aurantii" title=" Aonidiella aurantii"> Aonidiella aurantii</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=VOCs" title=" VOCs"> VOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=HS-SPME%2FGC-FID-MS" title=" HS-SPME/GC-FID-MS"> HS-SPME/GC-FID-MS</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71759/optimization-and-validation-for-determination-of-vocs-from-lime-fruit-citrus-aurantifolia-christm-with-and-without-california-red-scale-aonidiella-aurantii-maskell-infested-by-using-hs-spme-gc-fidms" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71759.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">214</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">141</span> In-situ and Laboratory Characterization of Fiji Lateritic Soils</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Faijal%20Ali">Faijal Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Darga%20Kumar%20N."> Darga Kumar N.</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ravikant%20Singh"> Ravikant Singh</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajnil%20Lal"> Rajnil Lal</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Fiji has three major landforms such as plains, low mountains, and hills. The low land soils are formed on beach sand. Fiji soils contain high concentration of iron (III), aluminum oxides and hydroxides. The soil possesses reddish or yellowish colour. The characterization of lateritic soils collected from different locations along the national highway in Viti Levu, Fiji Islands. The research has been carried out mainly to understand the physical and strength properties to assess their suitability for the highway and building construction. In this paper, the field tests such as dynamic cone penetrometer test, field vane shear, field density and laboratory tests such as unconfined compression stress, compaction, grain size analysis and Atterberg limits are conducted. The test results are analyzed and presented. From the results, it is revealed that the soils are having more percentage of silt and clay which is more than 80% and 5 to 15% of fine to medium sand is noticed. The dynamic cone penetrometer results up to 3m depth had similar penetration resistance. For the first 1m depth, the rate of penetration is found 300mm per 3 to 4 blows. In all the sites it is further noticed that the rate of penetration at depths beyond 1.5 m is decreasing for the same number of blows as compared to the top soil. From the penetration resistance measured through dynamic cone penetrometer test, the California bearing ratio and allowable bearing capacities are 4 to 5% and 50 to 100 kPa for the top 1m layer and below 1m these values are increasing. The California bearing ratio of these soils for below 1m depth is in the order of 10% to 20%. The safe bearing capacity of these soils below 1m and up to 3m depth is varying from 150 kPa to 250 kPa. The field vane shear was measured within a depth of 1m from the surface and the values were almost similar varying from 60 kPa to 120 kPa. The liquid limit and plastic limits of these soils are in the range of 40 to 60% and 20 to 25%. Overall it is found that the top 1m soil along the national highway in majority places possess a soft to medium stiff behavior with low to medium bearing capacity as well low California bearing ratio values. It is recommended to ascertain these soils behavior in terms of geotechnical parameters before taking up any construction activity. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20bearing%20ratio" title="California bearing ratio">California bearing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dynamic%20cone%20penetrometer%20test" title=" dynamic cone penetrometer test"> dynamic cone penetrometer test</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=field%20vane%20shear" title=" field vane shear"> field vane shear</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compression%20stress." title=" unconfined compression stress. "> unconfined compression stress. </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79086/in-situ-and-laboratory-characterization-of-fiji-lateritic-soils" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/79086.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">187</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">140</span> Factor Structure of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale: Gender, Age, and Marital Status Differences</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hamzeh%20Dodeen">Hamzeh Dodeen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims at examining the effects of item wording effects on the factor structure of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) Loneliness Scale: gender, age, and marital status differences. A total of 2374 persons from the UAE participated, representing six different populations (teenagers/elderly, males/females, and married/unmarried). The results of the exploratory factor analysis using principal axis factoring with (oblique) rotation revealed that two factors were extracted from the 20 items of the scale. The nine positively worded items were highly loaded on the first factor, while 10 out of the 11 negatively worded items were highly loaded on the second factor. The two-factor solution was confirmed on the six different populations based on age, gender, and marital status. It has been concluded that the rating of the UCLA scale is affected by a response style related to the item wording. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=UCLA%20Loneliness%20Scale" title="UCLA Loneliness Scale">UCLA Loneliness Scale</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=loneliness" title=" loneliness"> loneliness</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=positively%20worded%20items" title=" positively worded items"> positively worded items</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=factor%20structure" title=" factor structure"> factor structure</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=negatively%20worded%20items" title=" negatively worded items"> negatively worded items</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64009/factor-structure-of-the-university-of-california-los-angeles-ucla-loneliness-scale-gender-age-and-marital-status-differences" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/64009.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">353</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">139</span> Association between a Forward Lag of Historical Total Accumulated Gasoline Lead Emissions and Contemporary Autism Prevalence Trends in California, USA</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mark%20A.%20S.%20Laidlaw">Mark A. S. Laidlaw</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Howard%20W.%20Mielke"> Howard W. Mielke</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In California between the late 1920’s and 1986 the lead concentrations in urban soils and dust climbed rapidly following the deposition of greater than 387,000 tonnes of lead emitted from gasoline. Previous research indicates that when children are lead exposed around 90% of the lead is retained in their bones and teeth due to the substitution of lead for calcium. Lead in children’s bones has been shown to accumulate over time and is highest in inner-city urban areas, lower in suburban areas and lowest in rural areas. It is also known that women’s bones demineralize during pregnancy due to the foetus's high demand for calcium. Lead accumulates in women’s bones during childhood and the accumulated lead is subsequently released during pregnancy – a lagged response. This results in calcium plus lead to enter the blood stream and cross the placenta to expose the foetus with lead. In 1970 in the United States, the average age of a first‐time mother was about 21. In 2008, the average age was 25.1. In this study, it is demonstrated that in California there is a forward lagged relationship between the accumulated emissions of lead from vehicle fuel additives and later autism prevalence trends between the 1990’s and current time period. Regression analysis between a 24 year forward lag of accumulated lead emissions and autism prevalence trends in California are associated strongly (R2=0.95, p=0.00000000127). It is hypothesized that autism in genetically susceptible children may stem from vehicle fuel lead emission exposures of their mothers during childhood and that the release of stored lead during subsequent pregnancy resulted in lead exposure of foetuses during a critical developmental period. It is furthermore hypothesized that the 24 years forward lag between lead exposures has occurred because that is time period is the average length for women to enter childbearing age. To test the hypothesis that lead in mothers bones is associated with autism, it is hypothesized that retrospective case-control studies would show an association between the lead in mother’s bones and autism. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that the forward lagged relationship between accumulated historical vehicle fuel lead emissions (or air lead concentrations) and autism prevalence trends will be similar in cities at the national and international scale. If further epidemiological studies indicate a strong relationship between accumulated vehicle fuel lead emissions (or accumulated air lead concentrations) and lead in mother’s bones and autism rates, then urban areas may require extensive soil intervention to prevent the development of autism in children. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=autism" title="autism">autism</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=bones" title=" bones"> bones</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=lead" title=" lead"> lead</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gasoline" title=" gasoline"> gasoline</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=petrol" title=" petrol"> petrol</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=prevalence" title=" prevalence "> prevalence </a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32269/association-between-a-forward-lag-of-historical-total-accumulated-gasoline-lead-emissions-and-contemporary-autism-prevalence-trends-in-california-usa" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/32269.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">294</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">138</span> The Iconic Pink Donut Box: An Analysis of Memory and Identity Amongst Cambodian Refugees in California</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Basmah%20Arshad">Basmah Arshad</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In the aftermath of the Cambodian genocide, many refugees resettled in America. They carved out a distinctively Cambodian-American space in California with donut shops, establishing a tight-knit community that worked to achieve ‘the American dream’. Urged by traumatic memories of the genocide and American society directly encouraging (if not demanding) cultural assimilation, these refugees and successive generations continuously worked to re-identify themselves as Americans. Artist Phung Huynh grew up in this context of family-owned donut shops and the frantic scramble for stability and security. It is this community that she depicts in her artwork series from the late 2010s, ‘Khmerican: Drawing on Pink Donut Boxes’. Huynh's artwork challenges dominant Western narratives about the Cambodian genocide by pushing forward images of resilience, resistance, and joy, while also allowing for a discussion about issues of assimilation, identity, and nostalgia in the Cambodian-American community. It also provokes deeply relevant questions about how refugees and immigrants deliberately appropriate elements of the Americana (eg, donuts) to assimilate and re-fashion their identity as a tactic for financial stability and social survival. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Cambodian%20diaspora" title="Cambodian diaspora">Cambodian diaspora</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cultural%20identity" title=" cultural identity"> cultural identity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=assimilation" title=" assimilation"> assimilation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=food" title=" food"> food</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artwork" title=" artwork"> artwork</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180014/the-iconic-pink-donut-box-an-analysis-of-memory-and-identity-amongst-cambodian-refugees-in-california" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/180014.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">137</span> Laboratory Studies to Assess the Effect of Recron Fiber on Soil Subgrade Characteristics</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Lokesh%20Gupta">Lokesh Gupta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rakesh%20Kumar"> Rakesh Kumar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Stabilization of weak subgrade soil is mainly aimed for the improvement of soil strength and its durability. Highway engineers are concerned to get the soil material or system that will hold under the design use conditions and for the designed life of the engineering project. The present study envisages the effect of Recron fibres mixed in different proportion (up to 1% by weight of dry soil) on Atterberg limits, Compaction of the soil, California bearing ratio (CBR) values and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of the soil. The present study deals with the influence of varying in length (20 mm, 30mm, 40mm and 50mm) and percentage (0.25 %, 0.50 %, 0.75 % and 1.0 %) of fibre added to the soil samples. The aim of study is to determine the reinforcing effect of randomly distributed fibres on the Compaction characteristics, penetration resistance and unconfined compressive strength of soils. The addition of fibres leads to an increase in the optimum moisture content and decrease in maximum dry density. With the addition of the fibres, the increases in CBR and UCS values are observed. The test result shows higher CBR and unconfined compressive strength value for the soil reinforced with 0.5% Recron fibre, once keeping aspect ratio as 160. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title="soil">soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=recron%20fiber" title=" recron fiber"> recron fiber</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=unconfined%20compressive%20strength%20%28UCS%29" title=" unconfined compressive strength (UCS)"> unconfined compressive strength (UCS)</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20bearing%20ratio%20%28CBR%29" title=" California bearing ratio (CBR)"> California bearing ratio (CBR)</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98907/laboratory-studies-to-assess-the-effect-of-recron-fiber-on-soil-subgrade-characteristics" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98907.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">164</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">136</span> The Predicted Values of the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) by Using the Measurements of the Soil Resistivity Method (DC)</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fathi%20Ali%20Swaid">Fathi Ali Swaid</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The CBR test is widely used in the assessment of granular materials in base, subbase and subgrade layers of road and airfield pavements. Despite the success of this method, but it depends on a limited numbers of soil samples. This limitation do not adequately account for the spatial variability of soil properties. Thus, assessment is derived using these cursory soil data are likely to contain errors and thus make interpretation and soil characterization difficult. On the other hand quantitative methods of soil inventory at the field scale involve the design and adoption of sampling regimes and laboratory analysis that are time consuming and costly. In the latter case new technologies are required to efficiently sample and observe the soil in the field. This is particularly the case where soil bearing capacity is prevalent, and detailed quantitative information for determining its cause is required. In this paper, an electrical resistivity method DC is described and its application in Elg'deem Dirt road, located in Gasser Ahmad - Misurata, Libya. Results from the DC instrument were found to be correlated with the CBR values (r2 = 0.89). Finally, it is noticed that, the correlation can be used with experience for determining CBR value using basic soil electrical resistivity measurements and checked by few CBR test representing a similar range of CBR. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California%20bearing%20ratio" title="California bearing ratio">California bearing ratio</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=basic%20soil%20electrical%20resistivity" title=" basic soil electrical resistivity"> basic soil electrical resistivity</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=CBR" title=" CBR"> CBR</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=soil" title=" soil"> soil</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subgrade" title=" subgrade"> subgrade</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=new%20technologies" title=" new technologies"> new technologies</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15183/the-predicted-values-of-the-california-bearing-ratio-cbr-by-using-the-measurements-of-the-soil-resistivity-method-dc" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/15183.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">448</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">135</span> Viability of Sub-Surface Drip Irrigation in Agronomic and Vegetable Crops Production</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ali%20Montazar">Ali Montazar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study aims to assess the viability of sub-surface drip irrigation (SDI) using several ongoing and conducted researches in the low desert region of California. The experiments were carried out in the University of California Desert Research and Extension Center (UC DREC) and ten commercial fields at alfalfa, sugar beets, dehydrated onions, and spinach crops. The results demonstrated greater yields, actual crop water consumption, and water productivity of SDI as compared with conventional irrigation practices (border, furrow, and sprinkler irrigation) with an average increase of 21%, 7%, and 15%, respectively. The severity of plant disease, particularly root rot in sugar beet, and downy mildew in onions and spinach, were significantly lower in SDI than furrow and sprinkler irrigation (an average of 3-5 times). While utilizing this irrigation technology may have ability to achieve higher yields, conserve water, improve the efficiency of water and nutrient use, and manage food safety risks and plant disease, further work is required to better understand the impact of management practices and strategies on the viability of SDI application, and maintain its profitability in various agricultural production systems as water, labor costs, and environmental concerns increase. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=alfalfa" title="alfalfa">alfalfa</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=onions" title=" onions"> onions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=spinach" title=" spinach"> spinach</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sugar%20beets" title=" sugar beets"> sugar beets</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=subsurface%20drip%20irrigation" title=" subsurface drip irrigation"> subsurface drip irrigation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110229/viability-of-sub-surface-drip-irrigation-in-agronomic-and-vegetable-crops-production" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/110229.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">127</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">134</span> The Effects of Above-Average Precipitation after Extended Drought on Phytoplankton in Southern California Surface Water Reservoirs</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Margaret%20K.%20Spoo-Chupka">Margaret K. Spoo-Chupka</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The Metropolitan Water District of Southern California (MWDSC) manages surface water reservoirs that are a source of drinking water for more than 19 million people in Southern California. These reservoirs experience periodic planktonic cyanobacteria blooms that can impact water quality. MWDSC imports water from two sources – the Colorado River (CR) and the State Water Project (SWP). The SWP brings supplies from the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta that are characterized as having higher nutrients than CR water. Above average precipitation in 2017 after five years of drought allowed the majority of the reservoirs to fill. Phytoplankton was analyzed during the drought and after the drought at three reservoirs: Diamond Valley Lake (DVL), which receives SWP water exclusively, Lake Skinner, which can receive a blend of SWP and CR water, and Lake Mathews, which generally receives only CR water. DVL experienced a significant increase in water elevation in 2017 due to large SWP inflows, and there were no significant changes to total phytoplankton biomass, Shannon-Wiener diversity of the phytoplankton, or cyanobacteria biomass in 2017 compared to previous drought years despite the higher nutrient loads. The biomass of cyanobacteria that could potentially impact DVL water quality (Microcystis spp., Aphanizomenon flos-aquae, Dolichospermum spp., and Limnoraphis birgei) did not differ significantly between the heavy precipitation year and drought years. Compared to the other reservoirs, DVL generally has the highest concentration of cyanobacteria due to the water supply having greater nutrients. Lake Mathews’ water levels were similar in drought and wet years due to a reliable supply of CR water and there were no significant changes in the total phytoplankton biomass, phytoplankton diversity, or cyanobacteria biomass in 2017 compared to previous drought years. The biomass of cyanobacteria that could potentially impact water quality at Lake Mathews (L. birgei and Microcystis spp.) did not differ significantly between 2017 and previous drought years. Lake Mathews generally had the lowest cyanobacteria biomass due to the water supply having lower nutrients. The CR supplied most of the water to Lake Skinner during drought years, while the SWP was the primary source during 2017. This change in water source resulted in a significant increase in phytoplankton biomass in 2017, no significant change in diversity, and a significant increase in cyanobacteria biomass. Cyanobacteria that could potentially impact water quality at Skinner included: Microcystis spp., Dolichospermum spp., and A.flos-aquae. There was no significant difference in Microcystis spp. biomass in 2017 compared to previous drought years, but biomass of Dolichospermum spp. and A.flos-aquae were significantly greater in 2017 compared to previous drought years. Dolichospermum sp. and A. flos-aquae are two cyanobacteria that are more sensitive to nutrients than Microcystis spp., which are more sensitive to temperature. Patterns in problem cyanobacteria abundance among Southern California reservoirs as a result of above-average precipitation after more than five years of drought were most closely related to nutrient loading. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=drought" title="drought">drought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=reservoirs" title=" reservoirs"> reservoirs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cyanobacteria" title=" cyanobacteria"> cyanobacteria</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=and%20phytoplankton%20ecology" title=" and phytoplankton ecology"> and phytoplankton ecology</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78359/the-effects-of-above-average-precipitation-after-extended-drought-on-phytoplankton-in-southern-california-surface-water-reservoirs" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/78359.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">286</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=California&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" 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