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(PDF) Between Grassroots Politics and the Ethnicizing Imperative of the Multicultural State: Latin American Immigrant Organizations in Toronto
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They draw on the concept of social fields to map Latin American community politics and to capture a wide range of relevant organizations, events, and strategic moments that feed into the constitution of more visible and formal organizations. Five distinct waves of Latin American migration to Toronto produce three types of community organizations: ethno-national, intersectional panethnic, and mainstream panethnic groupings. This migration pattern also leads to a layering process as established organizations evolve and new migrant groups with specific priorities and ways of organizing emerge. The authors present a case study of the development and agenda-setting process of the Centre for Spanish Speaking People, a mainstream, multiservice, panethnic organization. Agenda setting is defined as the process of defining the vision and mission of an organization or cluster of organizations. The case study captures how a mainstream panethnic organization mediates between diverse in-group agendas of Latin American immigrants and out-group, specifically, state-generated, agendas, and how this agenda-setting process changes over time in tune with shifts in the political opportunity structure. The authors propose, however, that agenda setting is a dialogic social process that involves more than navigating the existing political opportunity structure. Agenda setting involves in-group and out-group dialogues embedded within a complex organizational field. It is an instance of political learning. The analysis of these dialogues over time for a specific group and organization captures immigrant politics in practice.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Agenda Setting and Immigrant Politics: The Case of Latin Americans in Toronto","attachmentId":42901524,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20382746/Agenda_Setting_and_Immigrant_Politics_The_Case_of_Latin_Americans_in_Toronto","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20382746/Agenda_Setting_and_Immigrant_Politics_The_Case_of_Latin_Americans_in_Toronto"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="1" data-entity-id="8180396" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8180396/The_Role_of_Nonprofit_Sector_Networks_as_Mechanisms_for_Immigrant_Political_Participation">The Role of Nonprofit Sector Networks as Mechanisms for Immigrant Political Participation</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12866055" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/LuisaVeronis">Luisa Veronis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Issues of immigrant political incorporation and transnational politics have drawn increased interest among migration scholars. This paper contributes to debates in this field by examining the role of networks, partnerships, and collaborations of immigrant community organizations as mechanisms for immigrant political participation both locally and transnationally. These issues are addressed through an ethnographic study of the Hispanic Development Council, an umbrella advocacy organization representing settlement agencies serving Latin American immigrants in Toronto, Canada. Analysis of HDC’s three sets of networks (at the community, city, and transnational levels) from a geographic and relational approach demonstrates the potentials and limits of non-profit sector partnerships as mechanisms and concrete spaces for immigrant mobilization, empowerment, and social action in a context of neoliberal governance. It is argued that a combination of partnerships with a range of both state and non-state actors and at multiple scales can be significant in enabling non-profit organizations to advance the interests of immigrant, minority and disadvantaged communities.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"The Role of Nonprofit Sector Networks as Mechanisms for Immigrant Political Participation","attachmentId":34614166,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8180396/The_Role_of_Nonprofit_Sector_Networks_as_Mechanisms_for_Immigrant_Political_Participation","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8180396/The_Role_of_Nonprofit_Sector_Networks_as_Mechanisms_for_Immigrant_Political_Participation"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="2" data-entity-id="38166415" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/38166415/_Looking_out_for_Paisanos_Latino_Hometown_Associations_as_Transnational_Advocacy_Networks_Migration_and_Development_3_1_130_41">“Looking out for Paisanos: Latino Hometown Associations as Transnational Advocacy Networks.” Migration and Development 3(1): 130-41.</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="45672629" href="https://csusb.academia.edu/JoseMunoz">José Muñoz</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Migration and Development, 2014</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">Migrant organizations are part of everyday associational life in the US. These organizations range in size and scope with interests that include the home and host country. In particular, one form of migrant organization, the Latin American hometown association (HTA), has taken as part of its purpose to aid in development and civic projects within their sending communities. HTAs have identified problems in the home country and take the initiative in solving the problem at hand which has at times allowed them to circumvent the government. Overtime, this ability to solve problems has granted migrants new political access in the home country. The work by HTAs has pressured the government to act on creating new policies that guide how it implements development projects to communities in need. This paper addresses how Latin American HTAs work towards transnational mobilization. Some attention is also given to the critiques of HTA organization.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"“Looking out for Paisanos: Latino Hometown Associations as Transnational Advocacy Networks.” Migration and Development 3(1): 130-41.","attachmentId":58200988,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/38166415/_Looking_out_for_Paisanos_Latino_Hometown_Associations_as_Transnational_Advocacy_Networks_Migration_and_Development_3_1_130_41","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/38166415/_Looking_out_for_Paisanos_Latino_Hometown_Associations_as_Transnational_Advocacy_Networks_Migration_and_Development_3_1_130_41"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="3" data-entity-id="4673621" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/4673621/Organizing_Immigrant_Communities_in_American_Cities_Is_this_Transnationalism_or_What">Organizing Immigrant Communities in American Cities: Is this Transnationalism, or What?</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="5933670" href="https://unam.academia.edu/GustavoCano">Gustavo Cano</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Organizing Immigrant Communities in American Cities: Is this Transnationalism, or What?","attachmentId":32011887,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/4673621/Organizing_Immigrant_Communities_in_American_Cities_Is_this_Transnationalism_or_What","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/4673621/Organizing_Immigrant_Communities_in_American_Cities_Is_this_Transnationalism_or_What"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="4" data-entity-id="20382756" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/20382756/Immigrant_political_socialization_as_bridging_and_boundary_work_mapping_the_multi_layered_incorporation_of_Latin_American_immigrants_in_Toronto">Immigrant political socialization as bridging and boundary work: mapping the multi-layered incorporation of Latin American immigrants in Toronto</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="41741472" href="https://yorku.academia.edu/LuinGoldring">Luin Goldring</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Ethnic and Racial Studies, 2009</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">We present a longitudinal map of three overlapping organizational trajectories developed by Latin American immigrants in the city of Toronto. We propose the concept of bridging and boundary work to specify how new (1) intersectional political identities and organizational agendas are constituted by Latin American feminist women and artists in the interstice of (2) country-of-origin and (3) mainstream pan-ethnic organizations. Boundary work occurs as activists with intersectional priorities carve out a distinct political agenda; the 'out-group' relations based on a shared sectoral focus constitute bridging work. Tracing changes in the local and transnational political opportunity structures, we consider how negotiations over resources, representation and agendas between these three Latin American organizational forms generate multidirectional political learning and socialization and the coexistence of different Latin American political cultures. We define political socialization as in-group and out-group encounters between political cultures understood as civic toolkits or ways of doing politics.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immigrant political socialization as bridging and boundary work: mapping the multi-layered incorporation of Latin American immigrants in Toronto","attachmentId":41328767,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/20382756/Immigrant_political_socialization_as_bridging_and_boundary_work_mapping_the_multi_layered_incorporation_of_Latin_American_immigrants_in_Toronto","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/20382756/Immigrant_political_socialization_as_bridging_and_boundary_work_mapping_the_multi_layered_incorporation_of_Latin_American_immigrants_in_Toronto"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="5" data-entity-id="17305459" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/17305459/MNLCT_PAR_REPORT_A_QUESTION_OF_LACKING_ACCESS_OR_DIVERSIFYING_ACTION_RESEARCHING_THE_CIVIC_AND_POLITICAL_ENGAGEMENT_OF_LATIN_AMERICAN_NEWCOMERS_IN_TORONTO">MNLCT © PAR REPORT- A QUESTION OF LACKING ACCESS OR DIVERSIFYING ACTION RESEARCHING_THE CIVIC AND POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT OF LATIN AMERICAN NEWCOMERS IN TORONTO</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="608798" href="https://independent.academia.edu/SalazarAdriana">Adriana Salazar</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This study focuses on the newcomer Latin American community, particularly to investigate the limits of mainstream definitions of Civic and Political Engagement in the North West area of Toronto, Ontario. Through the use of Participatory Action Research methodology we sought to explore the experiences and perceptions of Latin American newcomers with formal and informal political spaces and to what extent each channel is responsive to the kinds of struggles they are facing. We found that the complexities of the migration experience and the particularities of the civic and political landscape in Toronto lead to complicated notions of which political spaces are deemed to be fulfilling and which ones provide avenues for addressing pressing socio-economic issues. The distance between informal and formal political spaces is found to be at least as much about the quality and purpose of the political energy as it is about the access to it. In the context of the 2014 Toronto municipal elections, the question of enfranchisement of Permanent Residents, although primarily an access question, played an important part in the perceptions newcomers held about the city government and its commitment to promote civic and political engagement among immigrants. The first part of the report, provides a brief literature review relating to the political engagement of Latin American immigrants. This is followed by an analytical description of how we, the Community Engagement Program at the MNLCT, have approached this topic. The section on methodology details how participatory action research tools have been used in this study. Following the summary of participant profiles are the main findings, in visual form and thereafter in analytical form. The report concludes with a summary of key challenges and recommendations for the City of Toronto about how to address the findings of this study.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"MNLCT © PAR REPORT- A QUESTION OF LACKING ACCESS OR DIVERSIFYING ACTION RESEARCHING_THE CIVIC AND POLITICAL ENGAGEMENT OF LATIN AMERICAN NEWCOMERS IN TORONTO","attachmentId":39425376,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/17305459/MNLCT_PAR_REPORT_A_QUESTION_OF_LACKING_ACCESS_OR_DIVERSIFYING_ACTION_RESEARCHING_THE_CIVIC_AND_POLITICAL_ENGAGEMENT_OF_LATIN_AMERICAN_NEWCOMERS_IN_TORONTO","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/17305459/MNLCT_PAR_REPORT_A_QUESTION_OF_LACKING_ACCESS_OR_DIVERSIFYING_ACTION_RESEARCHING_THE_CIVIC_AND_POLITICAL_ENGAGEMENT_OF_LATIN_AMERICAN_NEWCOMERS_IN_TORONTO"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="6" data-entity-id="8180571" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/8180571/Immigrant_Participation_in_the_Transnational_Era_Latin_Americans_Experiences_with_Collective_Organising_in_Toronto">Immigrant Participation in the Transnational Era: Latin Americans' Experiences with Collective Organising in Toronto</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="12866055" href="https://uottawa.academia.edu/LuisaVeronis">Luisa Veronis</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper examines the challenges migrant groups that are new and internally diverse face to participate and build community in host societies today. Qualitative research findings on Latin American migrants' experiences in Toronto, Canada, reveal that the group's participation is the result of a complexity of social and spatial processes. The paper contributes to current debates on the study of immigrant integration in three ways: (1) by focusing on immigrants' collective forms of organising, (2) by responding to ongoing calls for a closer examination of intra-group diversity, and (3) by drawing on transnationalism research to avoid the use of essentialising categories in the study of immigrant groups that are internally diverse.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immigrant Participation in the Transnational Era: Latin Americans' Experiences with Collective Organising in Toronto","attachmentId":34614299,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/8180571/Immigrant_Participation_in_the_Transnational_Era_Latin_Americans_Experiences_with_Collective_Organising_in_Toronto","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/8180571/Immigrant_Participation_in_the_Transnational_Era_Latin_Americans_Experiences_with_Collective_Organising_in_Toronto"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="7" data-entity-id="65899706" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/65899706/Building_Migrant_Civil_Society_Indigenous_Mexicans_in_the_US">Building Migrant Civil Society: Indigenous Mexicans in the US</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="104189" href="https://ucla.academia.edu/GasparRiveraSalgado">Gaspar Rivera-Salgado</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--metadata ds2-5-body-xs">Iberoamericana, 2005</p><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">This paper is based on Fox/Rivera-Salgado (2004a). 2 See López/Runsten (2004). Besserer documented that this municipality received remittances from 171 locations scattered across 7 states in Mexico and 15 states in the United States (2003: 67-69). 3 "Hablábamos en mexicano y no nos entendían, de esa manera pudimos organizarnos aunque estaba prohibido y luchamos por un pago justo. Hicimos la huelga en mexicano." Testimony of Florencio Martínez Hernández, from Tlaxcala, cited in Ramírez Cuevas (2003: 11).</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Building Migrant Civil Society: Indigenous Mexicans in the US","attachmentId":77297598,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/65899706/Building_Migrant_Civil_Society_Indigenous_Mexicans_in_the_US","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/65899706/Building_Migrant_Civil_Society_Indigenous_Mexicans_in_the_US"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="8" data-entity-id="11113780" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11113780/Immigrant_Organizations_and_the_politicization_of_cultural_diversity_in_the_city">Immigrant Organizations and the politicization of cultural diversity in the city</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="26848731" href="https://upf.academia.edu/JuanCarlosTrivi%C3%B1oSalazar">Juan Carlos Triviño-Salazar</a></div><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immigrant Organizations and the politicization of cultural diversity in the city","attachmentId":36783306,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11113780/Immigrant_Organizations_and_the_politicization_of_cultural_diversity_in_the_city","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11113780/Immigrant_Organizations_and_the_politicization_of_cultural_diversity_in_the_city"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div><div class="ds-related-work--container js-wsj-grid-card" data-collection-position="9" data-entity-id="11043177" data-sort-order="default"><a class="ds-related-work--title js-wsj-grid-card-title ds2-5-body-md ds2-5-body-link" href="https://www.academia.edu/11043177/Immigrant_organizations_and_the_politicizatin_of_cultural_diversity_in_the_city">Immigrant organizations and the politicizatin of cultural diversity in the city</a><div class="ds-related-work--metadata"><a class="js-wsj-grid-card-author ds2-5-body-sm ds2-5-body-link" data-author-id="888987" href="https://upf.academia.edu/JuanCarlosTrivi%C3%B1o">Juan Carlos Triviño</a></div><p class="ds-related-work--abstract ds2-5-body-sm">The literature on the local political participation of immigrants has focused on how institutional actors shape their organization and mobilization; however, these studies have not sufficiently explored the role of specific institutional actors in opening or closing access to the political process. This is more evident when certain aspects of immigrant cultural diversity are politicized through restrictive discourses and policy actions. Based on this, I ask in the present paper: How do immigrant organizations relate to political parties during specific moments of the politicization of cultural diversity at the local level? I argue that the way both actors relate to each other under these circumstances is strongly influenced by the ‘engagement strategies’ used by political parties to seek support for their positions. Based on the literature related to the political participation of immigrants from a political opportunity approach, I analyze the anti-Romanian-Roma campaign in the city of Badalona and the burka ban in public buildings in the city of Lleida, both in Catalonia, Spain. Initial findings show how political parties instrumentalize immigrant organizations to either legitimize their position or to mobilize them against other political parties. They also show how local dynamics define the interaction between these actors during politicization.</p><div class="ds-related-work--ctas"><button class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"wsj-grid-card-download-pdf-modal","work_title":"Immigrant organizations and the politicizatin of cultural diversity in the city","attachmentId":36753182,"attachmentType":"pdf","work_url":"https://www.academia.edu/11043177/Immigrant_organizations_and_the_politicizatin_of_cultural_diversity_in_the_city","alternativeTracking":true}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">download</span><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">Download free PDF</span></button><a class="ds2-5-text-link ds2-5-text-link--inline js-wsj-grid-card-view-pdf" href="https://www.academia.edu/11043177/Immigrant_organizations_and_the_politicizatin_of_cultural_diversity_in_the_city"><span class="ds2-5-text-link__content">View PDF</span><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 18px" translate="no">chevron_right</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--wrapper js-loswp-sticky-ctas hidden"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--grid-container"><div class="ds-sticky-ctas--container"><button class="ds2-5-button js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"continue-reading-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43025198,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}">See full PDF</button><button class="ds2-5-button ds2-5-button--secondary js-swp-download-button" data-signup-modal="{"location":"download-pdf-button--sticky-ctas","attachmentId":43025198,"attachmentType":"pdf","workUrl":null}"><span class="material-symbols-outlined" style="font-size: 20px" translate="no">download</span>Download PDF</button></div></div></div><div class="ds-below-fold--grid-container"><div class="ds-work--container js-loswp-embedded-document"><div class="attachment_preview" data-attachment="Attachment_43025198" style="display: none"><div class="js-scribd-document-container"><div class="scribd--document-loading js-scribd-document-loader" style="display: block;"><img alt="Loading..." src="//a.academia-assets.com/images/loaders/paper-load.gif" /><p>Loading Preview</p></div></div><div style="text-align: center;"><div class="scribd--no-preview-alert js-preview-unavailable"><p>Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. 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