CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91354bebbc41fd0e',cH: 'ItXw3kolugfqLusFElcwBwnKiOBP.588j0wV0i_Z7L8-1739790266-1.2.1.1-EaGmG8gl5lczX2Emm.sUpgE8IUOWYp4wmAKfAIsmKpM3jR2cgdAjbdlciVzkSQFk',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belaineh%20Girma&__cf_chl_tk=p73FZeYem49TIn8Gy7FnmICamO.QHrN_BOMzoodSwZo-1739790266-1.0.1.1-4jxau1Sk24_0QJf4_4o3VLyfEKMrTlP_IcZyedVXb.A",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739790266',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belaineh%20Girma&__cf_chl_f_tk=p73FZeYem49TIn8Gy7FnmICamO.QHrN_BOMzoodSwZo-1739790266-1.0.1.1-4jxau1Sk24_0QJf4_4o3VLyfEKMrTlP_IcZyedVXb.A",md: "hOtljZ3Uh9c.awcF4j2xK4dGP5KreZwbxwDceMx4d1U-1739790266-1.2.1.1-7u_.ElLJvnsFWgI0YPTn2A.oj3hMCog8COO.lFfMvGwwOIm1cVq7Uu5lrvH5F2ycLWsiPkYch96Y0apH_ZZqxcFUEiezn3qOqvu0MnPrroxasMBu5.yHeOPLUhmiZJCzD.eiCMB0skypxeKRx.mjhm7L1wRmuZWAYNshGKv1WHO8jDuFCynngYdAHcqN_f4B5tKcy3Xpf9ha3dJSjApoK2KJPBRrJUPw1UdJrhOg8kp5VC8CI4qC5N_lbPouqo1kL4A6TrO2yFxzPlARzHcliIZUpQDRAczhWjEOWfXYL3IiI0nNXtxWC0KRLWbTSU7qjdfloTAEijWr06QLEQkr_AVQZwhcCNUaMfPlfTwLHnEUEYsQi5FHSMYhdlkj_ROci_Ckuwa8udKDTDd.KpNZouUkODburMYu8Vck31VLkLnxqHQUPJQDJ_uxxG1gF6c7OK9IICZQMjJFFrZIoLCF7LLJsez.WnN9xmkmp4WWTQGg2vzvkNkgfXLVJPHNFx0FcULkxguhruo4XDqmc8XTIdNuNhRa5vKSoRlLjj60IyCf5zrlA.dDSJp0nWgNBiCuafOY2fhx93I45.q8KrXQ0RJaEPXtq_XDXVsiSfsUmk9kgmP0QQnHDVxaSMC155efXhdduYiC54m0.i6sluG967kSrea.K29mI35OzzxBp8tmz3lgbcOejA.OIJJXZ1GoIgXaTuo1uWwNuBtugjLhnd6XPNWqjzyvVUPTh3Jsp55BkmZPc4O3s0Q0N8RrwN8QuTikYe_xcL4ZGd7m7Ju2xCUWMmhgqSEPrqp85dk7ulPmsfLHKfsG7Wqkng0C8mDhAU2F3X0Eydt2s_irKo3khtPVcaIkrraxrmx_GYN2Z62Xbb7MLQ1KsuHIn3LzvRS_jik8qSYWvGH4VnjOTGwLSwZDHjjwua0HzumV.nIJlRp8oSsM7lpidpEzN_e2AeJxc.Ko71lcyg0v0AghnMWjHTZRvzYfEzZntxDyv3ApnaV_Ki5Zqro9Vy0cmrr_Lq.Np.n2MQfXSgNnZNo2f3Bz84IJSRfZJzykpwf2pf76rBhUClyiFtD.gBWJRZDWuc1AnjeYdYB0KSgwhClmt9tpjk_xmwvFmTq_xsEYxw7OuHqJK1nWz6gHF3K6fIhk.xS9QUNKXgc3_SdWcRIkjIaJhK03_UcZHxtzBhUiZuVXVZWKxiZL5l34wJkZELRsHNh9B_uvK3BS0mWW5IRZzSPvpY9LyyGLW2Pc9Prxl7gUhrzVwxX79qaaCp5dKu8Ws5geitfo6LTKbJbyGWTAXTUnuczWQ4I1JMj1eqaNU0j6mpEeDjusBRsaf4k632MjoNO0KxIqChn3bC47b.HJrO5zc4FS8JFccdyPguWwq7dvZtJKbh2u3o.DizsE5QtrL763qg0cG3WS8pHcXBokSNQUmSlcWecwVqTNrnB7yK.n8aZGRNIJOH4JD85R7crak1Xj93igQKY7HanfYYyT.AawbkbwvWlRXqX1_0DmUn0cGlmUF6pEDxSkaaOFqkh84JZKOoFR8c23oigymDHFRQZJzS0oohDEPlZiI76DpAxUtyJFVV9P169X7Ik1pfaRcdJlAKAYnko4qoQx4mbXU_vpnESx_kp5jzBFoCF_yLOgO_a5Lyv6jaZ.7ifj0jxDvQXwUp3WNtelLjhPdtGQjgKnxWJVltuxwN8uiwhW26Cm7U8uqQQPz7g95T93ZMGFHULgi.ZoZCim5M3StUBSBPTDlMN2rToWm8YUH_D7w0.cFFN9SZrNtwbSlh09DVDN.zeHTmXeQn9wrG.yxw4v1R6e60bbjBQKbz4FxY5jftXhZojLMVLnG.lZLEoYa8tm5NSdWZe6WVLx43jQnmrxyX8Lf6Lw2nHQNmP7cPx3U0RKw9zaY2C.NrRKtxggnsovJCfUFKPurP49VZFB2tL4o8rowWC79t.Urh1BpDNYDh91TGg",mdrd: "gjfiy0z12Gj8w0t8V0_X5ZeWmm_dad.bXXoQVeuvT6g-1739790266-1.2.1.1-M69NFZpGTIUSgXULADHFNvqr_VyhqrXr4mWAExMgk.UhmHFsJpyQ5oXRecsVRdBrL8OwgKykbj7hM3PZ7.hTYjJuezaEHOCnQobhGBgpkjwFh3qeEnoHnVT2llkOz_yPawcDCYkFwiAa9c9Y8e4TUfkTIsRNRz7bS3klbTWfXkT5B747fIgRiRTG0Ws4sKB0s9UpJrdJWX89kqjS2UUcM6dxciwNBJ1XOdQriy91u3KdPi9KZkX9TvAuvM3x6rIMONVKDfN7q8Un5H3LXvoTsmg.ZWlmcyCyQ0UskHheVL_3AOatVgDfBSaZaXL9SCP87gAsDRHvPZ0v4ykCPm9TzKjf1BQnZxOmAmlpFFVr8_7Xcq4TpusYVwIuK1LmcFvUznANclPM.EIz4MOSGYQxMsk2Bu_EJulBzgHWo3b3I4TGZbUSzjoZ2vZR_nWGpjXTdaGJXH2BFOrhdlxFOLCgW_ps.9.1Z8mpJi3wyyZeLXYF9PJJJl0VehtDsZeW42h_DeBJNkDBzWNFGzjAcflYpm6IJtyh7iocjEbeCWHrjLczSthI5Ua2W3aKda_kC8igV8DBeIZwcMqx6tRGOQPaa9oM.6VccHEaeqyAqLu8pvMGV4HmFdxCZf2_4a1Ix2XM8t4qlAMobafRhEE1srFum39LawaeK.avNJlMo1UKgoLr4BYV8nrGyw62YWP6CPsR5jtrnWtbJs3pL9Pw0ZaNQkxaJkJWW.iCUb.IB4sDTxfCwlvdCqTcYNYOjMlyA4qf9ColQyeRwfLslHnRm8g_Fih4RKZPIchgdwAF_RRkWl3n9uUDL45rKX5KUZ3f0zHP6jTuNle6kMl5mz7ND.pEjKee1LDXurLBhroAHeqKFjkCEV99PTvO7cOsY1Os2OPJl4fQnak3MkLTEoi9bDGnn1fh7e.aYwfLEPTMwdJNeoX88tKoUdvpoTxIzytolcBdEgRLivVa0SXux0kNE26WqEUVwc6IKVEQUdC.bAJCiJHuKugNchdMDufKzSHPqIDahL7oGu_k2fnxDSikqJL.bmY0V6lLxrYdTfpLUwXYWHMwaskce_cnaGbHmzkrXnUJJoynfhatjc47GXwW5fR_wmG3xzBEh.IttneVhPDzl.dZFmGpfEPCzU5XzvyOqtzvwpx8TMKC3KwJ9fivQHbB4rUNR9mF7ZX_YHFciTCratFdLvICQblLMk4Ze9lpyxCqIhdnWAVTp9.WBw0KXPMlcagaut7m0sLxjY_TWKyUiDlk0gJJ_dQOQsatCIzH9hLf46zLxzDljsPnpPLZwEST6CkMHE_ukqjMfnm5vgzEwmyGoWn.EOQwy0mlGW6vkYiVepRUzQ0YDWa709rxSSO14gepPMFRwiKEgLfE3cIlDZ8STzobC2fRAcR0YhfebgsqfHb_Dh1cOtFw7bsqXQsQr70ubG3O11VcQf_OcTMi3asjRJq7Il1_3m2bR_ZVO_oLVzRnzM7GsSjE1.376aDFi2_6S_CGVyVHH4yPJmhZaQ7yBT.II.r5ndyQTbHk.RI7S_h.KhhPTmK0bHxQ8WLbgo1OG58_6hx8tjbL4LRtIhPweYt9pi5LNR2WvtMgQFAr2J4LPe6Vr6mfFcY7VMTpWVSlCV1unlwttHWBVAIRy.0x145fIeP3CAcfj1HwDDjzy1EevtpjLT3f0LXpjl2XASNa0R4FHoXWTrqfiLd4Uo6y_RbO1obPuS4F_QHjtAkjt2VcC.c1yEfAAC6OKosiQSaEY735fmz9SAPG.y_GUZGD5wBGL7sg2jznDG1h8qL13blEF7BMjFBy_AU.DLluqibLuKhFi6WlJHSMRGNc8kv9d1YRhA7EWievGrNlAxH2aVbenpSLE1xzJni2s9gWQvFww8eAp1oyDLYGp0vEFJNcIeHk4_AQkkhrHx_FbcfD5uBzUgCJE0rFPem2gFUAzANjOJPBGbreX4e806U2OhoiNtGnivKGn3RQu7_q2tr1GDTb5kf.soz7Pg.ZrG027w"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91354bebbc41fd0e';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=Belaineh%20Girma&__cf_chl_rt_tk=p73FZeYem49TIn8Gy7FnmICamO.QHrN_BOMzoodSwZo-1739790266-1.0.1.1-4jxau1Sk24_0QJf4_4o3VLyfEKMrTlP_IcZyedVXb.A" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>