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style="font-size:200%;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Utopia" title="Utopia">Utopias</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg/120px-2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="91" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg/180px-2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2a/2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg/240px-2010_Utopien_arche04.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1890" data-file-height="1427" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Mythical and religious</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcadia_(utopia)" title="Arcadia (utopia)">Arcadia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/City_of_the_Caesars" title="City of the Caesars">City of the Caesars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_cuckoo_land" title="Cloud cuckoo land">Cloud cuckoo land</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cockaigne" title="Cockaigne">Cockaigne</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_Eden" title="Garden of Eden">Eden</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elysium" title="Elysium">Elysium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortunate_Isles" title="Fortunate Isles">Fortunate Isles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garden_of_the_gods_(Sumerian_paradise)" title="Garden of the gods (Sumerian paradise)">Garden of the gods</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Golden_Age" title="Golden Age">Golden Age</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Unity" title="Great Unity">Great Unity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ketumati" title="Ketumati">Ketumati</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_God" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of God">Kingdom of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libertatia" title="Libertatia">Libertatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mag_Mell" title="Mag Mell">Mag Mell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mahoroba" title="Mahoroba">Mahoroba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merry_England" title="Merry England">Merry England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mezzoramia" title="Mezzoramia">Mezzoramia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_world_order_(Bah%C3%A1%27%C3%AD)" class="mw-redirect" title="New world order (Bahá'í)">Most Great Peace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Penglai" title="Mount Penglai">Mount Penglai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Jerusalem" title="New Jerusalem">New Jerusalem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Opona" class="mw-redirect" title="Kingdom of Opona">Opona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satya_Yuga" title="Satya Yuga">Satya Yuga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shangri-La" title="Shangri-La">Shangri-La</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yvy_mar%C3%A3_e%27%E1%BB%B9" title="Yvy marã e'ỹ">Yvy marã e'ỹ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zion" title="Zion">Zion</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Literature</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ideology_and_Utopia" title="Ideology and Utopia">Ideology and Utopia</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_utopian_literature" title="List of utopian literature">List</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republic (Plato)">The Republic</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(book)" title="Utopia (book)">Utopia</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gulliver%27s_Travels" title="Gulliver's Travels">Gulliver's Travels </a></i></li></ul> </div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_dystopian_literature" title="List of dystopian literature">Dystopian literature</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Theory</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Communitas_perfecta" title="Communitas perfecta">Communitas perfecta</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Communist_society" title="Communist society">Communist society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heterotopia_(space)" title="Heterotopia (space)">Heterotopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ideal_city" title="Ideal city">Ideal city</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sforzinda" title="Sforzinda">Sforzinda</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantisocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_utopian_sociology" title="Real utopian sociology">Real utopian sociology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_International_Theory" title="Third International Theory">Third International Theory</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Utopia_for_Realists" title="Utopia for Realists">Utopia for Realists</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_studies" title="Utopian studies">Utopian studies</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Concepts</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arcology" title="Arcology">Arcology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agriculturalism" title="Agriculturalism">Agriculturalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Escapism" title="Escapism">Escapism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millenarianism" title="Millenarianism">Millenarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Man_(utopian_concept)" title="New Man (utopian concept)">New Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_harmony_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Social harmony (disambiguation)">Social harmony</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Technological_utopianism" title="Technological utopianism">Technological</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cyber-utopianism" title="Cyber-utopianism">Cyber-utopianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Post-scarcity_economy" class="mw-redirect" title="Post-scarcity economy">Post-scarcity economy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transhumanism" title="Transhumanism">Transhumanism</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_socialism" title="Utopian socialism">Utopian socialism</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="background:#ddddff;"> Practice</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Utopian_architecture" title="Utopian architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitality_exchange_service" title="Hospitality exchange service">HosPex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_borders" class="mw-redirect" title="Open borders">Open borders</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pirate_utopia" title="Pirate utopia">Pirate utopia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Basic_Income" class="mw-redirect" title="Universal Basic Income">UBI</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intentional_community" title="Intentional community">Intentional community</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Atarashiki-mura" title="Atarashiki-mura">Atarashiki-mura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egalitarian_community" title="Egalitarian community">Egalitarian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huaxi_Village" title="Huaxi Village">Huaxi Village</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nanjie" title="Nanjie">Nanjie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sustainable_community" title="Sustainable community">Sustainable</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Communities by country <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_American_utopian_communities" title="List of American utopian communities">America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Finnish_utopian_communities" title="List of Finnish utopian communities">Finland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_utopian_communities" title="List of German utopian communities">Germany</a></li></ul></li></ul> <ul><li>Organizations <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Union_of_Associationists" title="American Union of Associationists">Associationists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anthroposophical_Society" title="Anthroposophical Society">Anthroposophs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lindisfarne_Association" title="Lindisfarne Association">Lindisfarne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Millennium_Project" title="The Millennium Project">Millennium</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/World_Future_Society" title="World Future Society">WSF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Zeitgeist_Movement" title="The Zeitgeist Movement">Zeitgeist</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Utopia" title="Template:Utopia"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Utopia" title="Template talk:Utopia"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Utopia" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Utopia"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Pantisocracy</b> (from the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek" title="Ancient Greek">Greek</a> πᾶν and ἰσοκρατία meaning "equal or level government by/for all") was a utopian scheme devised in 1794 by, among others, the poets <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a> for an <a href="/wiki/Egalitarian" class="mw-redirect" title="Egalitarian">egalitarian</a> community. It is a system of government where all rule equally. They originally intended to establish such a community in the United States, choosing a site on the banks of the <a href="/wiki/Susquehanna_River" title="Susquehanna River">Susquehanna River</a> after considering other places such as Kentucky.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By 1795 Southey had doubts about the viability of this and proposed moving the project to <a href="/wiki/Wales" title="Wales">Wales</a>. The two men were unable to agree on the location, causing the project to collapse.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Others involved included the poet <a href="/wiki/Robert_Lovell" title="Robert Lovell">Robert Lovell</a> and three of the Fricker sisters, <a href="/wiki/Sara_Fricker" class="mw-redirect" title="Sara Fricker">Sara</a>, Edith and Mary, who married the three poets, and <a href="/wiki/George_Burnett_(writer)" title="George Burnett (writer)">George Burnett</a> (who proposed unsuccessfully to another Fricker sister, Martha). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Principles">Principles</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Principles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The Pantisocrats believed that contemporary society and politics were responsible for cultures of servitude and oppression.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Having abandoned these corrupting influences along with <a href="/wiki/Personal_property" title="Personal property">personal property</a> for a fresh start in the wilderness, the Pantisocrats hoped that men might be governed by the "dictates of rational benevolence". </p><p>As spelled out by Southey, the utopian community he and Coleridge planned was to be built on two principles: "Pantisocracy" (meaning government by all) and "Aspheterism" (meaning general ownership of property).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The scheme called for a small group of educated individuals to give up their possessions and labor together for the <a href="/wiki/Common_good" title="Common good">common good</a>. Few regulations would be necessary to govern the colony and decisions would be made so as to avoid one man having more power than another. Coleridge envisioned Pantisocracy as a way to minimize the greed among men.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodring_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodring-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Additionally, Coleridge and Southey hoped to enjoy a more relaxing existence than was possible in England, and expected that each member of the community would have to work just two to three hours per day to sustain the <a href="/wiki/Colony" title="Colony">colony</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 132">: 132 </span></sup> </p><p>The Pantisocrats viewed their attempt as not only a search for personal domestic peace, but also as an attempt to change the status quo in England.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> One influence on the plan was disillusionment with the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French Revolution</a> and with the current politics of <a href="/wiki/England" title="England">England</a>, from which Coleridge may have sought solace through a utopian escape.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodring_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodring-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coleridge viewed the utopian scheme as an <a href="/wiki/Experiment" title="Experiment">experiment</a> that, if successful, might be gradually extended to a larger citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coleridge also hoped that through a more active, natural lifestyle he would live a healthier and more wholesome existence with his family.<sup id="cite_ref-Woodring1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Woodring1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Inspirations">Inspirations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Inspirations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Like many utopian societies, the Pantisocracy envisioned by the members owed its origins to Plato's ideal commonwealth, envisioned in the later books of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Republic_(Plato)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Republic (Plato)">The Republic</a></i> and in <i><a href="/wiki/Critias_(dialogue)" title="Critias (dialogue)">Critias</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 134">: 134 </span></sup> More modern examples for the Pantisocrats included <a href="/wiki/Thomas_More" title="Thomas More">Sir Thomas More</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/Utopia_(More_book)" class="mw-redirect" title="Utopia (More book)">Utopia</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Francis_Bacon" title="Francis Bacon">Francis Bacon</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/New_Atlantis" title="New Atlantis">New Atlantis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Tommaso_Campanella" title="Tommaso Campanella">Tommaso Campanella</a>'s <i><a href="/wiki/The_City_of_the_Sun" title="The City of the Sun">Civitas Solis</a></i>, and the accounts of <a href="/wiki/Cotton_Mather" title="Cotton Mather">Cotton Mather</a>. </p><p>The Pantisocrats were also heavily influenced by contemporary travel accounts of the new world.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many writers who visited the new world (including <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Pierre_Brissot" title="Jacques Pierre Brissot">J. P. Brissot</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Cooper_(American_politician,_born_1759)" title="Thomas Cooper (American politician, born 1759)">Thomas Cooper</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Priestley" title="Joseph Priestley">Joseph Priestley</a>) described a fresh and inviting country, whose inhabitants were untainted by the evils of society. Coleridge and Southey pored over these and other accounts of the American continent. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Beginnings">Beginnings</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Beginnings"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As early as November 1793, Robert Southey was envisioning a utopia in the US.<sup id="cite_ref-Southey_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Southey-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Coleridge's schoolfriend Robert Allen had become acquainted with Southey while at Oxford and introduced the two men while Coleridge was on a walking tour with another friend, Joseph Hucks. Southey would later write "that meeting fixed the future fortunes of us both". Coleridge extended his stay in Oxford for several weeks while the two men discussed the problems of the time and the possibility of setting up a utopian society in the United States, which Coleridge first dubbed "Pantocracy" then "Pantisocracy". Allen and Southey's friend <a href="/wiki/George_Burnett_(writer)" title="George Burnett (writer)">George Burnett</a> were early allies and when Coleridge and Huck departed for Wales, Southey and Burnett accompanied them part of the way. On their return journey to Oxford, Southey and Burnett discussed the practicalities of the scheme. </p><p>Throughout July, Coleridge corresponded regularly with Southey about their plans (unfortunately, while many of Coleridge's letters to Southey have survived, only part of one of Southey's letters to Coleridge is known). Coleridge even went so far as to share his enthusiasm for Pantisocracy with many of the people he and Hucks met along the road, offending several listeners with their radical ideas. During the walking tour Coleridge also encountered an old flame, Mary Evans, and his interaction with her momentarily drove thoughts of Pantisocracy from his mind. On August 3, Coleridge and Hucks rejoined Southey in Bristol.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 159">: 159 </span></sup> </p><p>In Bristol, Southey and Coleridge continued to flesh out their plans, and spoke openly of their radical ideas. One listener was John Poole, cousin of <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Poole_(tanner)" title="Thomas Poole (tanner)">Tom Poole</a> of Nether Stowey, who writes of his encounter with the two young men: "Each of them was shamefully hot with Democratic rage as regards politics, and both <a href="/wiki/Infidel" title="Infidel">Infidel</a> as to religion. I was extremely indignant...".<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 159">: 159 </span></sup> </p><p>During this time the young men also became acquainted with the family of Mrs. Fricker, a widow whose daughters seemed willing to join in the scheme (as Mrs. Southey and Coleridge).<sup id="cite_ref-OX_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OX-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Southey became interested in Edith and Coleridge began showing interest in Sara. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_planning_and_practical_implications">Further planning and practical implications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further planning and practical implications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the autumn of 1794, Coleridge began seriously to investigate the practical problems of setting up a community in America. During this time he encountered George Dyer, a student familiar with Priestley (who at the time was already living in Pennsylvania), and also spoke with a land agent. In a letter to Southey on September 6 he writes:<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>[The land agent] says £2000 will do; that he doubts not we can contract for our passage under £400; that we shall buy the land a great deal cheaper when we arrive in American than we could do in England...That twelve men may easily clear 300 acres in four or five months; and that, for 600 dollars, a thousand acres may be cleared and houses built on them. He recommends the Susquehannah for its excessive beauty and its security from hostile Indians.</p></blockquote> <p>Neither Coleridge nor Southey possessed the requisite wealth, but plans were laid for a spring departure in 1795.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 165">: 165 </span></sup> The young men hoped that other, wealthier immigrants who would join in the endeavor would be willing to fund it. Returning to Cambridge in late September, Coleridge began to spread word of the plan. </p><p>Coleridge at this time envisioned the community including "twelve men with their families", among whom the costs would be split, with the wealthier members of the community making up for the shortcomings of the poorer members.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 166">: 166 </span></sup> Besides money, other practical issues arose. Having little ability in farming or carpentry, the young men planned to acquire these skills over the winter in time for a March departure. Among the families who were planning to make the voyage were children, and Coleridge worried that they might already be deeply prejudiced by society, which could subvert and corrupt the Pantisocracy.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Disillusionment">Disillusionment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Disillusionment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>As the date set for departure arrived and the financial difficulties in undertaking the journey remained unsolved, the would-be emigrants began to lose excitement and resolve.<sup id="cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 168">: 168 </span></sup> Besides their lack of funds, other concerns challenged the Pantisocrats. Contrary to the glowing travel narratives that Coleridge pored over while researching the prospect of settling in America, other accounts of American life were less encouraging, and described a difficult and laborious existence.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In a review of Thomas Cooper's <i>Some Information Respecting America,</i> (one of the positive accounts of the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> that Coleridge consulted) a reviewer describes Cooper and those like him as "rival auctioneers, or rather show-men, stationed for the allurement of incautious passengers. 'Pray, ladies and gentlemen, walk in and admire the wonders of Kentucky—Pray, stop and see the incomparable beauties of the Susquehanna.<span style="padding-right:.15em;">'</span>" </p><p>Coleridge also faced personal challenges in carrying out the scheme. He received a letter from Mary Evans which argued against the plan, and his feelings for her for a time swayed him against Pantisocracy.<sup id="cite_ref-OX_12-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-OX-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Learning that she had become engaged, Coleridge turned his attention back to Pantisocracy and Sara Fricker. Under pressure from Southey to act with regard to Sara (both because of the demands of Pantisocracy and also because she was being courted by other men), Coleridge married Sara in October 1795. </p><p>As plans bogged down, Southey and Coleridge eventually reached an impasse. Coleridge, Southey and Burnett shared rooms in Bristol but the meticulous Southey grew worried by Coleridge's lifestyle and feared that finances were being left under his responsibility (he contributed four times more to their common funds than his roommates). Southey at one point advocated taking servants to the new world, a proposition Coleridge scoffed at. Southey and other would-be Pantisocrats also considered a less ambitious plan: the purchase of a common farm in Wales. Coleridge, still dreaming of the new world, felt that this compromise failed to meet the standards of Pantisocracy. In a letter to Southey he complains that private resources would not be abandoned at the farm in Wales and that, "In short, we were to commence partners in a petty farming trade."<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By the winter of 1795, the dream of Pantisocracy had all but died out. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Impact_on_Coleridge">Impact on Coleridge</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Impact on Coleridge"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>There are two of Coleridge's poems that directly address the plans he and Southey were envisioning. "Pantisocracy", a sonnet sent to Southey in a letter of September 18, 1794, was not published during Coleridge's lifetime.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A second sonnet, "On the Prospect of Establishing a Pantisocracy", has also been attributed to Coleridge, and was first published in 1826. Many of Coleridge's other works of the time implicitly suggest the New World, and may owe a debt to his musings over the Susquehanna.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An early version of the poem "To a Young Ass" also makes mention of Pantisocracy.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Pantisocracy presented Coleridge a practical outlet for ideas he had previously only considered theoretically.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> While the scheme never produced an actual community, it did impact Coleridge's philosophical thinking. His lectures of the time reflect his Pantisocratic thinking on social relations and wealth. He wrote of the scheme years afterward that it was "a plan as harmless as it was extravagant" but it can be argued that much of the fantastic imagery and political thoughts present in his work owe a debt both to Pantisocracy and to the research he conducted in preparation for his voyage.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On a literal level, perhaps the greatest impact Pantisocracy had on the young Coleridge was the addition of Sara Fricker (and their subsequent family) to his life. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 35em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFNewlyn2002" class="citation book cs1">Newlyn, Lucy (2002). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00lucy"><i>The Cambridge Companion to Coleridge</i></a></span>. Cambridge University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/cambridgecompani00lucy/page/129">129</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-65909-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-65909-4"><bdi>0-521-65909-4</bdi></a>. <q>Pantisocracy.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Companion+to+Coleridge&rft.pages=129&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-521-65909-4&rft.aulast=Newlyn&rft.aufirst=Lucy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fcambridgecompani00lucy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantisocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFulford2006" class="citation book cs1">Fulford, Tim (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=JRWDvjsIfeMC&pg=PA120&dq=Pantisocracy#PPA120,M1"><i>Romantic Indians: Native Americans, British Literature, and Transatlantic Culture, 1756–1830</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. 120–121. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-19-927337-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-19-927337-5"><bdi>0-19-927337-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Romantic+Indians%3A+Native+Americans%2C+British+Literature%2C+and+Transatlantic+Culture%2C+1756%E2%80%931830&rft.pages=120-121&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-19-927337-5&rft.aulast=Fulford&rft.aufirst=Tim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DJRWDvjsIfeMC%26pg%3DPA120%26dq%3DPantisocracy%23PPA120%2CM1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3APantisocracy" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrow, John (1990). <i>Coleridge's Political Thought</i>, p. 8. St. Martin's Press, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-03645-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-03645-0">0-312-03645-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Ed. Ernest Coleridge. (1895). <i>Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge</i>, vol. 1, p. 73. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3">1-4212-7161-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodring-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Woodring_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Woodring_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodring, Carl R. <i>Politics in the Poetry of Coleridge</i>, p. 63. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-MacGillivray-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-MacGillivray_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">MacGillivray, J.R., Ed. Malcolm Wallace (1931). "The Pantisocracy Scheme and Its Immediate Background" in <i>Studies in English</i>. The University of Toronto Press, Toronto. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/oclc/27738043">27738043</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Morrow, John (1990). <i>Coleridge's Political Thought</i>, p. 9. St. Martin's Press, New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-312-03645-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-312-03645-0">0-312-03645-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sister Eugenia (1930). "Coleridge's Scheme of Pantisocracy and American Travel Accounts", in <i>PMLA</i> p. 1079. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/457827">[1]</a> 28/1/2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Woodring1-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Woodring1_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodring, Carl R. (1961). <i>Politics in the Poetry of Coleridge</i>, p. 69. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sister Eugenia (1930). "Coleridge's Scheme of Pantisocracy and American Travel Accounts", in <i>PMLA</i> p. 1069-1074. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/457827">[2]</a> 28/1/2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Southey-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Southey_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Southey, Rev. Charles Cuthbert, Ed. (1850). <i>The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey</i>, vol. 1, p. 211. Longman, Brown, Greene, and Longmans, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4255-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4255-6343-0">1-4255-6343-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-OX-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-OX_12-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-OX_12-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Beer, John, (2004). "Samuel Taylor Coleridge", Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. Oxford University Press, Oxford. <a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5888">http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/article/5888</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Southey, Rev. Charles Cuthbert, Ed. (1850). <i>The Life and Correspondence of Robert Southey</i>, vol. 1, p. 193-196. Longman, Brown, Greene, and Longmans, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4255-6343-0" title="Special:BookSources/1-4255-6343-0">1-4255-6343-0</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Ed. Ernest Coleridge. (1895). <i>Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge</i>, vol. 1, p. 168. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3">1-4212-7161-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sister Eugenia (1930). "Coleridge's Scheme of Pantisocracy and American Travel Accounts", in <i>PMLA</i> p. 1079-1081. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/457827">[3]</a> 28/1/2010</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Ed. Ernest Coleridge. (1895). <i>Letters of Samuel Taylor Coleridge</i>, vol. 1, p. 140. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3">1-4212-7161-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Coleridge, Samuel Taylor. Ed. William Keach. (1997). <i>The Complete Poems</i>, p. 57-58. Houghton Mifflin & Co., Boston and New York. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3" title="Special:BookSources/1-4212-7161-3">1-4212-7161-3</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cottle, Joseph. (1847). <i>Reminiscences of Samuel Taylor Coleridge and Robert Southey</i>, p. 22. Houlston and Stoneman, London.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Woodring, Carl R. (1961). <i>Politics in the Poetry of Coleridge</i>, p. 70. The University of Wisconsin Press, Madison. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-299-02440-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-299-02440-6">978-0-299-02440-6</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Colmer, John. Ed. R.L. Brett. (1971). '"Coleridge and Politics," in <i>Writers and Their Background: S.T. Coleridge</i> p. 254 . G. Bell & Sons, London. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7135-1900-2" title="Special:BookSources/0-7135-1900-2">0-7135-1900-2</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Sister Eugenia (1930). "Coleridge's Scheme of Pantisocracy and American Travel Accounts", in <i>PMLA</i> p. 1084. <a rel="nofollow" class="external autonumber" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/457827">[4]</a> 28/1/2010</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output 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.hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Template:Samuel Taylor Coleridge"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Template talk:Samuel Taylor Coleridge"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Samuel Taylor Coleridge"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_poems_by_Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="List of poems by Samuel Taylor Coleridge">List of poems</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_life_of_Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Early life of Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Early life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge_and_opium" title="Coleridge and opium">Opium use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Albatross_(metaphor)" title="Albatross (metaphor)">Albatross metaphor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantisocracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Person_on_business_from_Porlock" title="Person on business from Porlock">Person on business from Porlock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_theory_of_life" title="Coleridge's theory of life">Coleridge's theory of life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organic_form" title="Organic form">Organic form</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romantic_epistemology" title="Romantic epistemology">Romantic epistemology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspension_of_disbelief" title="Suspension of disbelief">Suspension of disbelief</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="9" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg/75px-Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg" decoding="async" width="75" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg/112px-Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg/150px-Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge_portrait.jpg 2x" data-file-width="648" data-file-height="866" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Early poetry</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Destruction_of_the_Bastile" title="The Destruction of the Bastile">The Destruction of the Bastile</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Dura_Navis" title="Dura Navis">Dura Navis</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Easter_Holidays" title="Easter Holidays">Easter Holidays</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Monody_on_the_Death_of_Chatterton" title="Monody on the Death of Chatterton">Monody on the Death of Chatterton</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/On_Quitting_School" title="On Quitting School">On Quitting School</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Pain:_Composed_in_Sickness" title="Pain: Composed in Sickness">Pain: Composed in Sickness</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Songs_of_the_Pixies" title="Songs of the Pixies">Songs of the Pixies</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Ballad_of_the_Dark_Ladi%C3%A9" title="The Ballad of the Dark Ladié">The Ballad of the Dark Ladié</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Love_(Coleridge)" title="Love (Coleridge)">Love</a></i> (<i>Introduction to the Tale of the Dark Ladie</i>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Plays</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Robespierre" title="The Fall of Robespierre">The Fall of Robespierre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorio_(play)" title="Osorio (play)">Remorse (Osorio)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zapolya_(play)" title="Zapolya (play)">Zapolya</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Cambridge and<br />Bristol poetry</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Destiny_of_Nations" title="The Destiny of Nations">The Destiny of Nations</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lines_on_an_Autumnal_Evening" title="Lines on an Autumnal Evening">Lines on an Autumnal Evening</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lines_Written_at_Shurton_Bars" title="Lines Written at Shurton Bars">Lines Written at Shurton Bars</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/On_Receiving_an_Account" title="On Receiving an Account">On Receiving an Account</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ode_on_the_Departing_Year" title="Ode on the Departing Year">Ode on the Departing Year</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Poems_on_Various_Subjects" title="Poems on Various Subjects">Poems on Various Subjects</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sibylline_Leaves" title="Sibylline Leaves">Sibylline Leaves</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Religious_Musings" title="Religious Musings">Religious Musings</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_a_Young_Ass" title="To a Young Ass">To a Young Ass</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_Fortune" title="To Fortune">To Fortune</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/To_the_River_Otter" title="To the River Otter">To the River Otter</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Lewti" title="Lewti">Lewti</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><i><a href="/wiki/Sonnets_on_Eminent_Characters" title="Sonnets on Eminent Characters">Eminent<br />Characters</a></i></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Erskine" title="To Erskine">To Erskine</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Burke" title="To Burke">To Burke</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Priestley" title="To Priestley">To Priestley</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Fayette" title="To Fayette">To Fayette</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Kosciusko" title="To Kosciusko">To Kosciusko</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Pitt" title="To Pitt">To Pitt</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Bowles" title="To Bowles">To Bowles</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Mrs_Siddons" title="To Mrs Siddons">To Mrs Siddons</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Godwin" title="To Godwin">To Godwin</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Southey" title="To Southey">To Southey</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Sheridan" title="To Sheridan">To Sheridan</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/To_Lord_Stanhope" title="To Lord Stanhope">To Lord Stanhope</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/Conversation_poems" title="Conversation poems">Conversation<br />poems</a></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-style:italic;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dejection:_An_Ode" title="Dejection: An Ode">Dejection: An Ode</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Eolian_Harp" title="The Eolian Harp">The Eolian Harp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fears_in_Solitude" title="Fears in Solitude">Fears in Solitude</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frost_at_Midnight" title="Frost at Midnight">Frost at Midnight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Nightingale:_A_Conversation_Poem" title="The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem">The Nightingale: A Conversation Poem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reflections_on_Having_Left_a_Place_of_Retirement" title="Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement">Reflections on Having Left a Place of Retirement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/This_Lime-Tree_Bower_My_Prison" title="This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison">This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/To_William_Wordsworth" title="To William Wordsworth">To William Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Late poetry and<br /><i><a href="/wiki/Lyrical_Ballads" title="Lyrical Ballads">Lyrical Ballads</a></i></div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Christabel_(poem)" title="Christabel (poem)">Christabel</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/France:_An_Ode" title="France: An Ode">France: An Ode</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Hymn_Before_Sunrise" title="Hymn Before Sunrise">Hymn Before Sunrise</a>"</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Kubla_Khan" title="Kubla Khan">Kubla Khan</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Rime_of_the_Ancient_Mariner" title="The Rime of the Ancient Mariner">The Rime of the Ancient Mariner</a></i></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Thoughts" title="The Devil's Thoughts">The Devil's Thoughts</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Time,_Real_And_Imaginary" class="mw-redirect" title="Time, Real And Imaginary">Time, Real And Imaginary</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Knight%27s_Tomb" title="The Knight's Tomb">The Knight's Tomb</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Biographical and<br />other works</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Biographia_Literaria" title="Biographia Literaria">Biographia Literaria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Watchman_(periodical)" title="The Watchman (periodical)">The Watchman</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coleridge%27s_notebooks" title="Coleridge's notebooks">Notebooks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sara_Coleridge" title="Sara Coleridge">Sara Coleridge</a> (daughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Derwent_Coleridge" title="Derwent Coleridge">Derwent Coleridge</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hartley_Coleridge" title="Hartley Coleridge">Hartley Coleridge</a> (son)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christabel_Rose_Coleridge" title="Christabel Rose Coleridge">Christabel Rose Coleridge</a> (granddaughter)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ernest_Hartley_Coleridge" title="Ernest Hartley Coleridge">Ernest Hartley Coleridge</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Herbert_Coleridge" title="Herbert Coleridge">Herbert Coleridge</a> (grandson)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Coleridge" title="James Coleridge">James Coleridge</a> (brother)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Nelson_Coleridge" title="Henry Nelson Coleridge">Henry Nelson Coleridge</a> (nephew and son-in-law)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Robert_Southey" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Robert_Southey" title="Template:Robert Southey"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Robert_Southey" title="Template talk:Robert Southey"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Robert_Southey" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Robert Southey"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Robert_Southey" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Southey" title="Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/After_Blenheim" title="After Blenheim">After Blenheim</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Inchcape_Rock" title="The Inchcape Rock">The Inchcape Rock</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cataract_of_Lodore" title="Cataract of Lodore">Cataract of Lodore</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Abou_Ben_Adhem_(poem)" title="Abou Ben Adhem (poem)">Abou Ben Adhem</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/The_Devil%27s_Thoughts" title="The Devil's Thoughts">The Devil's Walk</a>"</li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px;padding-left: 0.5em;"><div><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/91px-Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg" decoding="async" width="91" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/137px-Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg/183px-Robert_Southey_-_Project_Gutenberg_eText_13103.jpg 2x" data-file-width="224" data-file-height="245" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Epic poems</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Curse_of_Kehama" title="Curse of Kehama">Curse of Kehama</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Joan_of_Arc_(poem)" title="Joan of Arc (poem)">Joan of Arc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Madoc_(poem)" title="Madoc (poem)">Madoc</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roderick_the_Last_of_the_Goths" title="Roderick the Last of the Goths">Roderick the Last of the Goths</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thalaba_the_Destroyer" title="Thalaba the Destroyer">Thalaba the Destroyer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Plays</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/The_Fall_of_Robespierre" title="The Fall of Robespierre">The Fall of Robespierre</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Children's literature</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Goldilocks_and_the_Three_Bears" title="Goldilocks and the Three Bears">The Story of the Three Bears</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/What_Are_Little_Boys_Made_Of%3F" title="What Are Little Boys Made Of?">What Are Little Boys Made Of?</a>"</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Poets" title="Lake Poets">Lake Poets</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Pantisocracy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Caroline_Anne_Southey" title="Caroline Anne Southey">Caroline Anne Southey (second wife)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henry_Herbert_Southey" title="Henry Herbert Southey">Henry Herbert Southey (brother)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor Coleridge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Lamb" title="Charles Lamb">Charles Lamb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Savage_Landor" title="Walter Savage Landor">Walter Savage Landor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Wordsworth" title="William Wordsworth">William Wordsworth</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&oldid=1184285879">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Pantisocracy&oldid=1184285879</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Egalitarianism" title="Category:Egalitarianism">Egalitarianism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ideocracy" title="Category:Ideocracy">Ideocracy</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Political_movements_in_England" title="Category:Political movements in England">Political movements in England</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Robert_Southey" title="Category:Robert Southey">Robert Southey</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Samuel_Taylor_Coleridge" title="Category:Samuel Taylor Coleridge">Samuel Taylor 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