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class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Prehistoric"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.1 Prehistoric </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Prehistoric-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Pre-Columbian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pre-Columbian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.2 Pre-Columbian </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pre-Columbian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-European_arrival_(1522)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#European_arrival_(1522)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3 European arrival (1522) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-European_arrival_(1522)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Conquest_of_Cuzcatlán_and_Managuara" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Conquest_of_Cuzcatlán_and_Managuara"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.3.1 Conquest of Cuzcatlán and Managuara </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Conquest_of_Cuzcatlán_and_Managuara-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Colonial_period_(1525–1821)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Colonial_period_(1525–1821)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.4 Colonial period (1525–1821) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Colonial_period_(1525–1821)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Independence_(1821)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Independence_(1821)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.5 Independence (1821) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Independence_(1821)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-20th_century" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#20th_century"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6 20th century </div> </a> <ul id="toc-20th_century-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-La_Matanza" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#La_Matanza"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.6.1 La Matanza </div> </a> <ul id="toc-La_Matanza-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Salvadoran_Civil_War_(1979–1992)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Salvadoran_Civil_War_(1979–1992)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.7 Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Salvadoran_Civil_War_(1979–1992)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Post-war_(1992–2019)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Post-war_(1992–2019)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.8 Post-war (1992–2019) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Post-war_(1992–2019)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presidency_of_Nayib_Bukele_(2019–present)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presidency_of_Nayib_Bukele_(2019–present)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2.9 Presidency of Nayib Bukele (2019–present) </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presidency_of_Nayib_Bukele_(2019–present)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Geography </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Geography subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Climate </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Natural_disasters" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Natural_disasters"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Natural disasters </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Natural_disasters-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Extreme_weather_events" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Extreme_weather_events"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.1 Extreme weather events </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Extreme_weather_events-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Earthquakes_and_volcanic_activity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Earthquakes_and_volcanic_activity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2.2 Earthquakes and volcanic activity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Earthquakes_and_volcanic_activity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Flora_and_fauna" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Flora_and_fauna"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Flora and fauna </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Flora_and_fauna-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Government_and_politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Government_and_politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Government and politics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Government and politics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Government_and_politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.1 Politics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_military" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Foreign_relations_and_military"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.2 Foreign relations and military </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Foreign_relations_and_military-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Human_rights" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Human_rights"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.3 Human rights </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Human_rights-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Administrative_divisions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Administrative_divisions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4.4 Administrative divisions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Administrative_divisions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Economy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Economy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Economy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Energy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Energy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Energy </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Energy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Telecommunications_and_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Telecommunications_and_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Telecommunications and media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Telecommunications_and_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Official_corruption_and_foreign_investment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Official_corruption_and_foreign_investment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Official corruption and foreign investment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Official_corruption_and_foreign_investment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Tourism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tourism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.4 Tourism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tourism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Infrastructure" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Infrastructure"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Infrastructure </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Infrastructure-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Demographics </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Demographics subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.1 Ethnic groups </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Languages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Languages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.2 Languages </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Languages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Religion" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Religion"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7.3 Religion </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Religion-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Education </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Crime" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Crime"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Crime </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Crime-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Crime subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Crime-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2022_crackdown_on_gangs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022_crackdown_on_gangs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 2022 crackdown on gangs </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022_crackdown_on_gangs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Culture" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Culture"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 Culture </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Culture-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Culture subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Culture-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Cuisine" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Cuisine"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.1 Cuisine </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Cuisine-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Music" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Music"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.2 Music </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Music-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sport" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sport"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10.3 Sport </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sport-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 14 Further reading </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 15 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" > Toggle the table of contents </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading">El Salvador</h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 229 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-229" aria-hidden="true" > 229 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ace mw-list-item"><a href="https://ace.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88l_Salvador" title="Èl Salvador – Acehnese" lang="ace" hreflang="ace" data-title="Èl Salvador" data-language-autonym="Acèh" data-language-local-name="Acehnese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Acèh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbd mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Салвадор – Kabardian" lang="kbd" hreflang="kbd" data-title="Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Адыгэбзэ" data-language-local-name="Kabardian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгэбзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ady mw-list-item"><a href="https://ady.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Салвадор – Adyghe" lang="ady" hreflang="ady" data-title="Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Адыгабзэ" data-language-local-name="Adyghe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Адыгабзэ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target">Afrikaans</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Alemannisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8A%A4%E1%88%8D_%E1%88%B3%E1%88%8D%E1%89%AB%E1%8B%B6%E1%88%AD" title="ኤል ሳልቫዶር – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ኤል ሳልቫዶር" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target">አማርኛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-smn mw-list-item"><a href="https://smn.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Inari Sami" lang="smn" hreflang="smn" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Anarâškielâ" data-language-local-name="Inari Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Anarâškielâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%B0" title="एल सेल्वडॉर – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="एल सेल्वडॉर" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target">अंगिका</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D9%81%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="السلفادور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="السلفادور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aragonés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-roa-rup mw-list-item"><a href="https://roa-rup.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Aromanian" lang="rup" hreflang="rup" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Armãneashti" data-language-local-name="Aromanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Armãneashti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Arpitan" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="Arpitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Arpetan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Asturianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Avañe'ẽ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ay mw-list-item"><a href="https://ay.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Aymara" lang="ay" hreflang="ay" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Aymar aru" data-language-local-name="Aymara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Aymar aru</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Azərbaycanca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="السالوادور – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="السالوادور" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target">تۆرکجه</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ban mw-list-item"><a href="https://ban.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l_Salvador" title="Él Salvador – Balinese" lang="ban" hreflang="ban" data-title="Él Salvador" data-language-autonym="Basa Bali" data-language-local-name="Balinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Bali</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bm mw-list-item"><a href="https://bm.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Bambara" lang="bm" hreflang="bm" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Bamanankan" data-language-local-name="Bambara" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bamanankan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%8B%E0%A6%B0" title="এল সালভাদোর – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="এল সালভাদোর" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target">বাংলা</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-map-bms mw-list-item"><a href="https://map-bms.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Banyumasan" lang="jv-x-bms" hreflang="jv-x-bms" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Basa Banyumasan" data-language-local-name="Banyumasan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Basa Banyumasan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target">Башҡортса</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target">Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bh mw-list-item"><a href="https://bh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल सल्वाडोर – Bhojpuri" lang="bh" hreflang="bh" data-title="एल सल्वाडोर" data-language-autonym="भोजपुरी" data-language-local-name="Bhojpuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">भोजपुरी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bcl mw-list-item"><a href="https://bcl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Central Bikol" lang="bcl" hreflang="bcl" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Bikol Central" data-language-local-name="Central Bikol" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bikol Central</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bi mw-list-item"><a href="https://bi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvado" title="El Salvado – Bislama" lang="bi" hreflang="bi" data-title="El Salvado" data-language-autonym="Bislama" data-language-local-name="Bislama" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bislama</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Салвадор – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Български</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Boarisch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%A8%E0%BD%B2%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%A6%E0%BD%A3%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%9D%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%8C%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཨིལ་སལ་ཝ་ཌོར། – Tibetan" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཨིལ་སལ་ཝ་ཌོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="Tibetan" class="interlanguage-link-target">བོད་ཡིག</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bosanski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target">Brezhoneg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target">Буряад</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsalbador" title="Elsalbador – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Elsalbador" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cebuano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cbk-zam mw-list-item"><a href="https://cbk-zam.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Chavacano" lang="cbk" hreflang="cbk" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Chavacano de Zamboanga" data-language-local-name="Chavacano" class="interlanguage-link-target">Chavacano de Zamboanga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sn mw-list-item"><a href="https://sn.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Shona" lang="sn" hreflang="sn" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="ChiShona" data-language-local-name="Shona" class="interlanguage-link-target">ChiShona</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salfador" title="El Salfador – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="El Salfador" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Cymraeg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dag mw-list-item"><a href="https://dag.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Dagbani" lang="dag" hreflang="dag" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Dagbanli" data-language-local-name="Dagbani" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dagbanli</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="الصالڤادور – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="الصالڤادور" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">الدارجة</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-se mw-list-item"><a href="https://se.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Northern Sami" lang="se" hreflang="se" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Davvisámegiella" data-language-local-name="Northern Sami" class="interlanguage-link-target">Davvisámegiella</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dv mw-list-item"><a href="https://dv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DE%87%DE%AC%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%90%DE%AC%DE%8D%DE%B0%DE%88%DE%A6%DE%91%DE%AF%DE%83%DE%AA" title="އެލްސެލްވަޑޯރު – Divehi" lang="dv" hreflang="dv" data-title="އެލްސެލްވަޑޯރު" data-language-autonym="ދިވެހިބަސް" data-language-local-name="Divehi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ދިވެހިބަސް</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dolnoserbski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dty mw-list-item"><a href="https://dty.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल साल्भादोर – Doteli" lang="dty" hreflang="dty" data-title="एल साल्भादोर" data-language-autonym="डोटेली" data-language-local-name="Doteli" class="interlanguage-link-target">डोटेली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eesti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%95%CE%BB_%CE%A3%CE%B1%CE%BB%CE%B2%CE%B1%CE%B4%CF%8C%CF%81" title="Ελ Σαλβαδόρ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ελ Σαλβαδόρ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ελληνικά</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-myv mw-list-item"><a href="https://myv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Erzya" lang="myv" hreflang="myv" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Эрзянь" data-language-local-name="Erzya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Эрзянь</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoro" title="Salvadoro – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Salvadoro" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target">Esperanto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ext mw-list-item"><a href="https://ext.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvaol" title="El Salvaol – Extremaduran" lang="ext" hreflang="ext" data-title="El Salvaol" data-language-autonym="Estremeñu" data-language-local-name="Extremaduran" class="interlanguage-link-target">Estremeñu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target">Euskara</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ee mw-list-item"><a href="https://ee.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Ewe" lang="ee" hreflang="ee" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Eʋegbe" data-language-local-name="Ewe" class="interlanguage-link-target">Eʋegbe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="السالوادور – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="السالوادور" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fiji Hindi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fo mw-list-item"><a href="https://fo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Faroese" lang="fo" hreflang="fo" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Føroyskt" data-language-local-name="Faroese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Føroyskt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Frysk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ff mw-list-item"><a href="https://ff.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salwador" title="El Salwador – Fula" lang="ff" hreflang="ff" data-title="El Salwador" data-language-autonym="Fulfulde" data-language-local-name="Fula" class="interlanguage-link-target">Fulfulde</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/An_tSalvad%C3%B3ir" title="An tSalvadóir – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="An tSalvadóir" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaeilge</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yn_Salvador" title="Yn Salvador – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Yn Salvador" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gaelg</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gag mw-list-item"><a href="https://gag.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Gagauz" lang="gag" hreflang="gag" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Gagauz" data-language-local-name="Gagauz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagauz</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gd mw-list-item"><a href="https://gd.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salbhador" title="El Salbhador – Scottish Gaelic" lang="gd" hreflang="gd" data-title="El Salbhador" data-language-autonym="Gàidhlig" data-language-local-name="Scottish Gaelic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gàidhlig</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/O_Salvador" title="O Salvador – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="O Salvador" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gom mw-list-item"><a href="https://gom.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="अल साल्वाडोर – Goan Konkani" lang="gom" hreflang="gom" data-title="अल साल्वाडोर" data-language-autonym="गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni" data-language-local-name="Goan Konkani" class="interlanguage-link-target">गोंयची कोंकणी / Gõychi Konknni</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hak mw-list-item"><a href="https://hak.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Hakka Chinese" lang="hak" hreflang="hak" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî" data-language-local-name="Hakka Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">客家語 / Hak-kâ-ngî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%97%98%EC%82%B4%EB%B0%94%EB%8F%84%EB%A5%B4" title="엘살바도르 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="엘살바도르" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hausa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8D%D5%A1%D5%AC%D5%BE%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%B8%D6%80" title="Սալվադոր – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Սալվադոր" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Հայերեն</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="अल साल्वाडोर – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="अल साल्वाडोर" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target">हिन्दी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hornjoserbsce</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ido</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ilokano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bpy mw-list-item"><a href="https://bpy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%8F%E0%A6%B2_%E0%A6%B8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B2%E0%A6%AD%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A6%E0%A6%B0" title="এল সালভাদর – Bishnupriya" lang="bpy" hreflang="bpy" data-title="এল সালভাদর" data-language-autonym="বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী" data-language-local-name="Bishnupriya" class="interlanguage-link-target">বিষ্ণুপ্রিয়া মণিপুরী</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingua</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ie mw-list-item"><a href="https://ie.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Interlingue" lang="ie" hreflang="ie" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Interlingue" data-language-local-name="Interlingue" class="interlanguage-link-target">Interlingue</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ирон</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zu mw-list-item"><a href="https://zu.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Zulu" lang="zu" hreflang="zu" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="IsiZulu" data-language-local-name="Zulu" class="interlanguage-link-target">IsiZulu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%93%D7%95%D7%A8" title="אל סלוודור – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אל סלוודור" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%88l_Salvador" title="Èl Salvador – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Èl Salvador" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Jawa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%C9%A9vaad%C9%94%C9%94r%C9%A9" title="Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Salɩvaadɔɔrɩ" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kabɩyɛ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%8E%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D_%E0%B2%B8%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B2%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B5%E0%B2%A1%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%B0%E0%B3%8D" title="ಎಲ್ ಸಾಲ್ವಡಾರ್ – Kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಎಲ್ ಸಾಲ್ವಡಾರ್" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="Kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target">ಕನ್ನಡ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbador" title="Salbador – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Salbador" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kapampangan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სალვადორი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="სალვადორი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target">ქართული</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-csb mw-list-item"><a href="https://csb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwad%C3%B3r" title="Salwadór – Kashubian" lang="csb" hreflang="csb" data-title="Salwadór" data-language-autonym="Kaszëbsczi" data-language-local-name="Kashubian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kaszëbsczi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Қазақша</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kernowek</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rw mw-list-item"><a href="https://rw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saluvadoro" title="Saluvadoro – Kinyarwanda" lang="rw" hreflang="rw" data-title="Saluvadoro" data-language-autonym="Ikinyarwanda" data-language-local-name="Kinyarwanda" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ikinyarwanda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsavado" title="Elsavado – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Elsavado" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kiswahili</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kv mw-list-item"><a href="https://kv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Komi" lang="kv" hreflang="kv" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Коми" data-language-local-name="Komi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Коми</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadora" title="Salvadora – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Salvadora" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kotava</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ht mw-list-item"><a href="https://ht.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvad%C3%B2" title="Salvadò – Haitian Creole" lang="ht" hreflang="ht" data-title="Salvadò" data-language-autonym="Kreyòl ayisyen" data-language-local-name="Haitian Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kreyòl ayisyen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kriyòl gwiyannen</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Kurdî</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Kyrgyz" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="Kyrgyz" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кыргызча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Western Mari" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="Western Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Кырык мары</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lld mw-list-item"><a href="https://lld.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Ladin" lang="lld" hreflang="lld" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Ladin" data-language-local-name="Ladin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladin</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ladino</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BA%9B%E0%BA%B0%E0%BB%80%E0%BA%97%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%81%E0%BA%AD%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%8A%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%99%E0%BA%A7%E0%BA%B2%E0%BA%94%E0%BB%8D" title="ປະເທດແອນຊານວາດໍ – Lao" lang="lo" hreflang="lo" data-title="ປະເທດແອນຊານວາດໍ" data-language-autonym="ລາວ" data-language-local-name="Lao" class="interlanguage-link-target">ລາວ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvatoria" title="Salvatoria – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Salvatoria" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadora" title="Salvadora – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Salvadora" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lëtzebuergesch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadoras" title="Salvadoras – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Salvadoras" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lietuvių</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ligure</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Limburgs</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ln mw-list-item"><a href="https://ln.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Lingala" lang="ln" hreflang="ln" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Lingála" data-language-local-name="Lingala" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingála</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lingua Franca Nova</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-olo mw-list-item"><a href="https://olo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%E2%80%99vador" title="Sal’vador – Livvi-Karelian" lang="olo" hreflang="olo" data-title="Sal’vador" data-language-autonym="Livvinkarjala" data-language-local-name="Livvi-Karelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Livvinkarjala</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jbo mw-list-item"><a href="https://jbo.wikipedia.org/wiki/salbador" title="salbador – Lojban" lang="jbo" hreflang="jbo" data-title="salbador" data-language-autonym="La .lojban." data-language-local-name="Lojban" class="interlanguage-link-target">La .lojban.</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lmo mw-list-item"><a href="https://lmo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Lombard" lang="lmo" hreflang="lmo" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Lombard" data-language-local-name="Lombard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lombard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mad mw-list-item"><a href="https://mad.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Madurese" lang="mad" hreflang="mad" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Madhurâ" data-language-local-name="Madurese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Madhurâ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%95%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Ел Салвадор – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Ел Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvad%C3%B4ro" title="Salvadôro – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Salvadôro" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malagasy</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%8E%E0%B5%BD_%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%BE%E0%B5%BD%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%A6%E0%B5%8B%E0%B5%BC" title="എൽ സാൽവദോർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="എൽ സാൽവദോർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target">മലയാളം</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mt mw-list-item"><a href="https://mt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Maltese" lang="mt" hreflang="mt" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Malti" data-language-local-name="Maltese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Malti</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Te_Whakaora" title="Te Whakaora – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Te Whakaora" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target">Māori</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल साल्वादोर – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="एल साल्वादोर" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target">मराठी</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%A1%E1%83%90%E1%83%9A%E1%83%95%E1%83%90%E1%83%93%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98" title="სალვადორი – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="სალვადორი" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target">მარგალური</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="السالڤادور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="السالڤادور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">مصرى</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mzn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mzn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="السالوادور – Mazanderani" lang="mzn" hreflang="mzn" data-title="السالوادور" data-language-autonym="مازِرونی" data-language-local-name="Mazanderani" class="interlanguage-link-target">مازِرونی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Melayu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mni mw-list-item"><a href="https://mni.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%AF%91%EA%AF%A6%EA%AF%9C_%EA%AF%81%EA%AF%9C%EA%AF%9A%EA%AF%A5%EA%AF%97%EA%AF%A3%EA%AF%94" title="ꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯜꯚꯥꯗꯣꯔ – Manipuri" lang="mni" hreflang="mni" data-title="ꯑꯦꯜ ꯁꯜꯚꯥꯗꯣꯔ" data-language-autonym="ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ" data-language-local-name="Manipuri" class="interlanguage-link-target">ꯃꯤꯇꯩ ꯂꯣꯟ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-min mw-list-item"><a href="https://min.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Minangkabau" lang="min" hreflang="min" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Minangkabau" data-language-local-name="Minangkabau" class="interlanguage-link-target">Minangkabau</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cdo mw-list-item"><a href="https://cdo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Mindong" lang="cdo" hreflang="cdo" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄" data-language-local-name="Mindong" class="interlanguage-link-target">閩東語 / Mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/L_Salbador" title="L Salbador – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="L Salbador" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Mirandés</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mdf mw-list-item"><a href="https://mdf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Moksha" lang="mdf" hreflang="mdf" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Мокшень" data-language-local-name="Moksha" class="interlanguage-link-target">Мокшень</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Монгол</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%A1%E1%80%9A%E1%80%BA%E1%80%86%E1%80%AC%E1%80%97%E1%80%B1%E1%80%92%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%94%E1%80%AD%E1%80%AF%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%84%E1%80%B6" title="အယ်ဆာဗေဒိုနိုင်ငံ – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="အယ်ဆာဗေဒိုနိုင်ငံ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target">မြန်မာဘာသာ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds-nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Low Saxon" lang="nds-NL" hreflang="nds-NL" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Nedersaksies" data-language-local-name="Low Saxon" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nedersaksies</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ne mw-list-item"><a href="https://ne.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल साल्भादोर – Nepali" lang="ne" hreflang="ne" data-title="एल साल्भादोर" data-language-autonym="नेपाली" data-language-local-name="Nepali" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाली</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2_%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AD%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A6%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल साल्भादोर – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="एल साल्भादोर" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target">नेपाल भाषा</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A8%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B5%E3%83%AB%E3%83%90%E3%83%89%E3%83%AB" title="エルサルバドル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="エルサルバドル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Napulitano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target">Нохчийн</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salwadoor" title="El Salwadoor – Northern Frisian" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="El Salwadoor" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="Northern Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nordfriisk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pih mw-list-item"><a href="https://pih.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Norfuk / Pitkern" lang="pih" hreflang="pih" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Norfuk / Pitkern" data-language-local-name="Norfuk / Pitkern" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norfuk / Pitkern</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk nynorsk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nov mw-list-item"><a href="https://nov.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Novial" lang="nov" hreflang="nov" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Novial" data-language-local-name="Novial" class="interlanguage-link-target">Novial</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo_Salvador" title="Lo Salvador – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Lo Salvador" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Occitan</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mhr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mhr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Eastern Mari" lang="mhr" hreflang="mhr" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Олык марий" data-language-local-name="Eastern Mari" class="interlanguage-link-target">Олык марий</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-or mw-list-item"><a href="https://or.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AC%8F%E0%AC%B2_%E0%AC%B8%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%B2%E0%AC%AD%E0%AC%BE%E0%AC%A1%E0%AD%8B%E0%AC%B0" title="ଏଲ ସାଲଭାଡୋର – Odia" lang="or" hreflang="or" data-title="ଏଲ ସାଲଭାଡୋର" data-language-autonym="ଓଡ଼ିଆ" data-language-local-name="Odia" class="interlanguage-link-target">ଓଡ଼ିଆ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-om mw-list-item"><a href="https://om.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvaador" title="El Salvaador – Oromo" lang="om" hreflang="om" data-title="El Salvaador" data-language-autonym="Oromoo" data-language-local-name="Oromo" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oromoo</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target">Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸਾਲਵਾਦੋਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਸਾਲਵਾਦੋਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pi mw-list-item"><a href="https://pi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल-साल्वाडोर – Pali" lang="pi" hreflang="pi" data-title="एल-साल्वाडोर" data-language-autonym="पालि" data-language-local-name="Pali" class="interlanguage-link-target">पालि</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ami mw-list-item"><a href="https://ami.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_salvador" title="El salvador – Amis" lang="ami" hreflang="ami" data-title="El salvador" data-language-autonym="Pangcah" data-language-local-name="Amis" class="interlanguage-link-target">Pangcah</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ال سالواڈور – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="ال سالواڈور" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target">پنجابی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pap mw-list-item"><a href="https://pap.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Papiamento" lang="pap" hreflang="pap" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Papiamentu" data-language-local-name="Papiamento" class="interlanguage-link-target">Papiamentu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvaduor" title="El Salvaduor – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="El Salvaduor" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Patois</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target">Picard</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Piemontèis</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Plattdüütsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwador" title="Salwador – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Salwador" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kaa mw-list-item"><a href="https://kaa.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Kara-Kalpak" lang="kaa" hreflang="kaa" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Qaraqalpaqsha" data-language-local-name="Kara-Kalpak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qaraqalpaqsha</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Qırımtatarca</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwathur" title="Salwathur – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Salwathur" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target">Runa Simi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Салвадор – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русиньскый</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%AD%D0%BB_%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Эл Салвадор – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Эл Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target">Саха тыла</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szy mw-list-item"><a href="https://szy.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Sakizaya" lang="szy" hreflang="szy" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Sakizaya" data-language-local-name="Sakizaya" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sakizaya</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sm mw-list-item"><a href="https://sm.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Samoan" lang="sm" hreflang="sm" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Gagana Samoa" data-language-local-name="Samoan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Gagana Samoa</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sa mw-list-item"><a href="https://sa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%8F%E0%A4%B2-%E0%A4%B8%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B2%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A1%E0%A5%8B%E0%A4%B0" title="एल-साल्वाडोर – Sanskrit" lang="sa" hreflang="sa" data-title="एल-साल्वाडोर" data-language-autonym="संस्कृतम्" data-language-local-name="Sanskrit" class="interlanguage-link-target">संस्कृतम्</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sc mw-list-item"><a href="https://sc.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvad%C3%B2r" title="El Salvadòr – Sardinian" lang="sc" hreflang="sc" data-title="El Salvadòr" data-language-autonym="Sardu" data-language-local-name="Sardinian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sardu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-trv mw-list-item"><a href="https://trv.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Taroko" lang="trv" hreflang="trv" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Seediq" data-language-local-name="Taroko" class="interlanguage-link-target">Seediq</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvadori" title="Salvadori – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Salvadori" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sicilianu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%91%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A_%E0%B7%83%E0%B7%90%E0%B6%BD%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%9D%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%BA" title="එල් සැල්වදෝරය – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="එල් සැල්වදෝරය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target">සිංහල</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%8A%D9%84_%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%84%D9%88%D9%8A%DA%8A%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ايل سيلويڊور – Sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ايل سيلويڊور" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="Sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target">سنڌي</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ss mw-list-item"><a href="https://ss.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISalivado" title="ISalivado – Swati" lang="ss" hreflang="ss" data-title="ISalivado" data-language-autonym="SiSwati" data-language-local-name="Swati" class="interlanguage-link-target">SiSwati</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salv%C3%A1dor" title="Salvádor – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Salvádor" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenčina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-szl mw-list-item"><a href="https://szl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salwad%C5%AFr" title="Salwadůr – Silesian" lang="szl" hreflang="szl" data-title="Salwadůr" data-language-autonym="Ślůnski" data-language-local-name="Silesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Ślůnski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-so mw-list-item"><a href="https://so.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salfador" title="El Salfador – Somali" lang="so" hreflang="so" data-title="El Salfador" data-language-autonym="Soomaaliga" data-language-local-name="Somali" class="interlanguage-link-target">Soomaaliga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%8E%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DA%A4%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%86%D8%B1" title="ئێلسالڤادۆر – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ئێلسالڤادۆر" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target">کوردی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Салвадор – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89l_Salvador" title="Él Salvador – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Él Salvador" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Sunda</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="recommended article"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%8E%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%B5%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D" title="எல் சால்வடோர் – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="எல் சால்வடோர்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shi mw-list-item"><a href="https://shi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salfa%E1%B8%8Du%E1%B9%9B" title="Salfaḍuṛ – Tachelhit" lang="shi" hreflang="shi" data-title="Salfaḍuṛ" data-language-autonym="Taclḥit" data-language-local-name="Tachelhit" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taclḥit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Kabyle" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="Kabyle" class="interlanguage-link-target">Taqbaylit</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target">Татарча / tatarça</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-shn mw-list-item"><a href="https://shn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%99%E1%80%AD%E1%80%B0%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8%E1%80%A2%E1%82%84%E1%82%87%E1%80%9E%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%9D%E1%82%83%E1%82%87%E1%80%90%E1%80%B1%E1%82%83%E1%82%87" title="မိူင်းဢႄႇသႃႇဝႃႇတေႃႇ – Shan" lang="shn" hreflang="shn" data-title="မိူင်းဢႄႇသႃႇဝႃႇတေႃႇ" data-language-autonym="ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး " data-language-local-name="Shan" class="interlanguage-link-target">ၽႃႇသႃႇတႆး </a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-te mw-list-item"><a href="https://te.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B0%8E%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D_%E0%B0%B8%E0%B0%BE%E0%B0%B2%E0%B1%8D%E0%B0%B5%E0%B0%A1%E0%B1%8B%E0%B0%B0%E0%B1%8D" title="ఎల్ సాల్వడోర్ – Telugu" lang="te" hreflang="te" data-title="ఎల్ సాల్వడోర్" data-language-autonym="తెలుగు" data-language-local-name="Telugu" class="interlanguage-link-target">తెలుగు</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tet mw-list-item"><a href="https://tet.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvad%C3%B3r" title="Salvadór – Tetum" lang="tet" hreflang="tet" data-title="Salvadór" data-language-autonym="Tetun" data-language-local-name="Tetum" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tetun</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9B%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A8%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%8B%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A5%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%94%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C" title="ประเทศเอลซัลวาดอร์ – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ประเทศเอลซัลวาดอร์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target">ไทย</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tg mw-list-item"><a href="https://tg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Салвадор – Tajik" lang="tg" hreflang="tg" data-title="Салвадор" data-language-autonym="Тоҷикӣ" data-language-local-name="Tajik" class="interlanguage-link-target">Тоҷикӣ</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-to mw-list-item"><a href="https://to.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CA%BBEle_Salavatoa" title="ʻEle Salavatoa – Tongan" lang="to" hreflang="to" data-title="ʻEle Salavatoa" data-language-autonym="Lea faka-Tonga" data-language-local-name="Tongan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Lea faka-Tonga</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-udm mw-list-item"><a href="https://udm.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Udmurt" lang="udm" hreflang="udm" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Удмурт" data-language-local-name="Udmurt" class="interlanguage-link-target">Удмурт</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%BE%D1%80" title="Сальвадор – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Сальвадор" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%84_%D8%B3%DB%8C%D9%84%D9%88%D8%A7%DA%88%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ایل سیلواڈور – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="ایل سیلواڈور" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target">اردو</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ug mw-list-item"><a href="https://ug.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A6%DB%95%D9%84_%D8%B3%D8%A7%D9%84%DB%8B%D8%A7%D8%AF%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ئەل سالۋادور – Uyghur" lang="ug" hreflang="ug" data-title="ئەل سالۋادور" data-language-autonym="ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche" data-language-local-name="Uyghur" class="interlanguage-link-target">ئۇيغۇرچە / Uyghurche</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vahcuengh</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vec mw-list-item"><a href="https://vec.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Venetian" lang="vec" hreflang="vec" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Vèneto" data-language-local-name="Venetian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vèneto</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sal%27vador" title="Sal'vador – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Sal'vador" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target">Vepsän kel’</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador%C3%A4n" title="Salvadorän – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Salvadorän" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target">Volapük</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target">Võro</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-classical mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-classical.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A" title="薩爾瓦多 – Literary Chinese" lang="lzh" hreflang="lzh" data-title="薩爾瓦多" data-language-autonym="文言" data-language-local-name="Literary Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">文言</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target">Winaray</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wo mw-list-item"><a href="https://wo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbadoor" title="Salbadoor – Wolof" lang="wo" hreflang="wo" data-title="Salbadoor" data-language-autonym="Wolof" data-language-local-name="Wolof" class="interlanguage-link-target">Wolof</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A" title="薩爾瓦多 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="薩爾瓦多" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target">吴语</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%9C_%D7%A1%D7%90%D7%9C%D7%95%D7%95%D7%90%D7%93%D7%90%D7%A8" title="על סאלוואדאר – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="על סאלוואדאר" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target">ייִדיש</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salfador" title="El Salfador – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="El Salfador" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target">Yorùbá</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%96%A9%E7%88%BE%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A" title="薩爾瓦多 – Cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="薩爾瓦多" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="Cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target">粵語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zazaki</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/El_Salvador" title="El Salvador – Zeelandic" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="El Salvador" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="Zeelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Zeêuws</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bat-smg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bat-smg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvaduors" title="Salvaduors – Samogitian" lang="sgs" hreflang="sgs" data-title="Salvaduors" data-language-autonym="Žemaitėška" data-language-local-name="Samogitian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Žemaitėška</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%90%A8%E5%B0%94%E7%93%A6%E5%A4%9A" title="萨尔瓦多 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="萨尔瓦多" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bew mw-list-item"><a href="https://bew.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salbador" title="Salbador – Betawi" lang="bew" hreflang="bew" data-title="Salbador" data-language-autonym="Betawi" data-language-local-name="Betawi" class="interlanguage-link-target">Betawi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tly mw-list-item"><a href="https://tly.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salvador" title="Salvador – Talysh" lang="tly" hreflang="tly" data-title="Salvador" data-language-autonym="Tolışi" data-language-local-name="Talysh" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tolışi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zgh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zgh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E2%B5%99%E2%B4%B0%E2%B5%8D%E2%B4%BC%E2%B4%B0%E2%B4%B7%E2%B5%93%E2%B5%94" title="ⵙⴰⵍⴼⴰⴷⵓⵔ – Standard Moroccan Tamazight" lang="zgh" hreflang="zgh" data-title="ⵙⴰⵍⴼⴰⴷⵓⵔ" data-language-autonym="ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ" data-language-local-name="Standard Moroccan Tamazight" class="interlanguage-link-target">ⵜⴰⵎⴰⵣⵉⵖⵜ ⵜⴰⵏⴰⵡⴰⵢⵜ</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet 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<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=El_Salvador&params=13_41_N_89_11_W_type:country_region:SV">13°41′N 89°11′W / 13.683°N 89.183°W / 13.683; -89.183</a></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Country in Central America</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the country in Central America. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="El Salvador (disambiguation)">El Salvador (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043282317">.mw-parser-output .ib-country{border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country td,.mw-parser-output .ib-country th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedrow .infobox-full-data{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-country .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-header{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.2}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-names{padding-top:0.25em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-name-style{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country .infobox-image{padding:0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-anthem{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding-top:0.5em;margin-top:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-largest,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-lang{font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-ethnic,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-religion,.mw-parser-output .ib-country-sovereignty{font-weight:normal;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li{text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fake-li2{text-indent:0.5em;margin-left:1em;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-website{line-height:11pt}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-map-caption3{position:relative;top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn{text-align:left;margin:0 auto}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .ib-country-fn-num{margin-left:1em}</style><table class="infobox ib-country vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above adr"><div class="fn org country-name">Republic of El Salvador</div><div class="ib-country-names">República de El Salvador (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><div class="noresize" style="display:table; width:100%;"> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding-left:5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of El Salvador"><img alt="Flag of El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/125px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="71" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/188px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/250px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_El_Salvador" title="Flag of El Salvador">Flag</a></div> </div> <div style="display:table-cell; vertical-align:middle; padding: 0px 5px;"> <div style="padding-bottom:3px;"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of El Salvador"><img alt="Coat of arms of El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/85px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="85" height="81" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/128px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg/170px-Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="571" /></a></div> <div><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador" title="Coat of arms of El Salvador"> Coat of arms</a></div> </div> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Motto: Dios, Unión, Libertad "God, Union, Liberty"</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data anthem">Anthem: Himno Nacional de El Salvador "<a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_El_Salvador" title="National Anthem of El Salvador">National Anthem of El Salvador</a>"<div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"><audio id="mwe_player_0" controls="" preload="none" data-mw-tmh="" class="mw-file-element" width="220" style="width:220px;" data-durationhint="89" data-mwtitle="El_Salvador's_national_anthem_(abridged).ogg" data-mwprovider="wikimediacommons"><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/6/6a/El_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_%28abridged%29.ogg/El_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_%28abridged%29.ogg.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" data-transcodekey="mp3" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><source src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/6a/El_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_%28abridged%29.ogg" type="audio/ogg; codecs="vorbis"" data-width="0" data-height="0" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEl_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_%28abridged%29.ogg&lang=en&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="en" label="English ‪(en)‬" data-dir="ltr" /><track src="https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/api.php?action=timedtext&title=File%3AEl_Salvador%27s_national_anthem_%28abridged%29.ogg&lang=es&trackformat=vtt&origin=%2A" kind="subtitles" type="text/vtt" srclang="es" label="español ‪(es)‬" data-dir="ltr" /></audio></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Salvador_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of El Salvador"><img alt="Location of El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/El_Salvador_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-El_Salvador_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/El_Salvador_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/375px-El_Salvador_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/El_Salvador_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/500px-El_Salvador_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Salvador_Base_map.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Location of El Salvador"><img alt="Location of El Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/El_Salvador_Base_map.png/250px-El_Salvador_Base_map.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="158" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/El_Salvador_Base_map.png/375px-El_Salvador_Base_map.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c8/El_Salvador_Base_map.png/500px-El_Salvador_Base_map.png 2x" data-file-width="1101" data-file-height="696" /></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Capital<div class="ib-country-largest">and largest city</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=El_Salvador&params=13_41_56_N_89_11_29_W_type:city_region:SV-SS">13°41′56″N 89°11′29″W / 13.69889°N 89.19139°W / 13.69889; -89.19139</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Official languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Spanish" title="Salvadoran Spanish">Spanish</a><a href="#cite_note-2">[a]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Recognized languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nawat_language" title="Nawat language">Nawat</a><a href="#cite_note-3">[b]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_group" class="mw-redirect" title="Ethnic group">Ethnic groups</a> <div class="ib-country-ethnic"><a href="#cite_note-El_Salvador_Census_2007-4">[2]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li>86.3% <a href="/wiki/Mestizo" title="Mestizo">Mestizo</a> (mixed <a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White</a> and <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#El_Salvador" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a>)</li><li>12.7% <a href="/wiki/White_Latin_Americans" title="White Latin Americans">White</a></li><li>0.2% <a href="/wiki/Indigenous_peoples_of_the_Americas#El_Salvador" title="Indigenous peoples of the Americas">Indigenous</a></li><li>0.1% <a href="/wiki/Afro-Salvadorans" title="Afro-Salvadorans">Black</a></li><li>0.6% other</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Religion <div class="ib-country-religion"> (2017)<a href="#cite_note-state2017-5">[3]</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1116488514">.mw-parser-output .treeview ul{padding:0;margin:0}.mw-parser-output .treeview li{padding:0;margin:0;list-style-type:none;list-style-image:none}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li{background:url("https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Treeview-grey-line.png")no-repeat 0 -2981px;padding-left:21px;text-indent:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .treeview li li:last-child{background-position:0 -5971px}.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>.mw-empty-elt:first-child+.emptyline,.mw-parser-output .treeview li.emptyline>ul>li:first-child{background-position:0 9px}</style><div class="treeview"> <ul><li>84.1% <a href="/wiki/Christianity" title="Christianity">Christianity</a> <ul><li>44.9% <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_El_Salvador" title="Catholic Church in El Salvador">Catholicism</a></li> <li>37.1% <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestantism</a></li> <li>2.1% other <a href="/wiki/List_of_Christian_denominations" title="List of Christian denominations">Christian</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></li><li>15.2% <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_Latin_America" title="Irreligion in Latin America">no religion</a></li><li>0.7% <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">other</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Demonym" title="Demonym">Demonym(s)</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran">Salvadoran</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_El_Salvador" title="Politics of El Salvador">Government</a></th><td class="infobox-data">Unitary <a href="/wiki/Presidential_republic" class="mw-redirect" title="Presidential republic">presidential republic</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Vice_President_of_El_Salvador" title="Vice President of El Salvador">Vice President</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/F%C3%A9lix_Ulloa" title="Félix Ulloa">Félix Ulloa</a></td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Legislature</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Independence" title="Independence">Independence</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546"></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Central_America" title="Act of Independence of Central America">Declared from Spain</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">15 September 1821</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Declared from the <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">1 July 1823</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• Declared from the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">30 January 1841</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="text-indent:-0.9em;margin-left:1.2em;font-weight:normal;">• International recognition<a href="#cite_note-FitzGerald2014-6">[4]</a> </div></th><td class="infobox-data">18 February 1841</td></tr><tr style="display:none"><td colspan="2"> </td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">Area </a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data">21,041 km2 (8,124 sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_area" title="List of countries and dependencies by area">148th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Water (%)</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1.5</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header"><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_El_Salvador" title="Demographics of El Salvador">Population</a></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• 2024 census</div></th><td class="infobox-data">6,029,976<a href="#cite_note-census-7">[5]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population" title="List of countries and dependencies by population">109th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Density</div></th><td class="infobox-data">324.4/km2 (840.2/sq mi) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_and_dependencies_by_population_density" title="List of countries and dependencies by population density">26th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886047488">.mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}</style>(<a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">PPP</a>)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $84.220 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SV-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP)">107th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $13,173<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SV-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(PPP)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (PPP) per capita">114th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(nominal)</th><td class="infobox-data">2024 estimate</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Total</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $35.848 billion<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SV-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal)">104th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedbottomrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div class="ib-country-fake-li">• Per capita</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> $5,607<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEO.SV-8">[6]</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_GDP_(nominal)_per_capita" title="List of countries by GDP (nominal) per capita">108th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Gini_coefficient" title="Gini coefficient">Gini</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Steady" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/11px-Steady2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/17px-Steady2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/96/Steady2.svg/22px-Steady2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 38.8<a href="#cite_note-9">[7]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style>medium inequality</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488">(2022)</th><td class="infobox-data"><img alt="Increase" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/11px-Increase2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="11" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/17px-Increase2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Increase2.svg/22px-Increase2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /> 0.674<a href="#cite_note-10">[8]</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239334494">medium (<a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of countries by Human Development Index">127th</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Currency</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> (<a href="/wiki/ISO_4217" title="ISO 4217">USD</a>; since 2001)<a href="#cite_note-12">[c]</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> (BTC; since September 2021)<a href="#cite_note-13">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-14">[11]</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Time zone</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Coordinated_Universal_Time" title="Coordinated Universal Time">UTC</a>−6 (<a href="/wiki/Central_Time_Zone" title="Central Time Zone">CST</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Left-_and_right-hand_traffic" title="Left- and right-hand traffic">Drives on</a></th><td class="infobox-data">right</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_El_Salvador" title="Telephone numbers in El Salvador">Calling code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Telephone_numbers_in_El_Salvador" title="Telephone numbers in El Salvador">+503</a><a href="#cite_note-15">[d]</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166" title="ISO 3166">ISO 3166 code</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/ISO_3166-2:SV" title="ISO 3166-2:SV">SV</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Country_code_top-level_domain" title="Country code top-level domain">Internet TLD</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/.sv" title=".sv">.sv</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div class="ib-country-fn"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a> The official language of El Salvador is established in the Article 62 of the Constitution of 1983 to be Castilian.<a href="#cite_note-1">[1]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a> <a href="/wiki/English_language" title="English language">English</a> is also an academic language in public schools. For more information, see <a href="/wiki/Languages_of_El_Salvador" title="Languages of El Salvador">Languages of El Salvador</a>. </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a> The <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">U.S. dollar</a> is the currency in use.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">needs update</a>] Financial information can be expressed in U.S. dollars and in <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_col%C3%B3n" title="Salvadoran colón">Salvadoran colóns</a>, but the colón is out of circulation.<a href="#cite_note-11">[9]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a> Telephone companies (market share): Tigo (45%), Claro (25%), Movistar (24%), Digicel (5.5%), Red (0.5%). </li> </ol></div></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> El Salvador,<a href="#cite_note-16">[a]</a> officially the Republic of El Salvador,<a href="#cite_note-17">[b]</a> is a country in <a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Central America">Central America</a>. It is bordered on the northeast by <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, on the northwest by <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a>, and on the south by the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. El Salvador's capital and largest city is <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a>. The country's population in 2024 was estimated to be 6 million according to a government census.<a href="#cite_note-census-7">[5]</a> Among the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Mesoamerican</a> nations that historically controlled the region are the <a href="/wiki/Maya_peoples" title="Maya peoples">Mayans</a>,<a href="#cite_note-18">[12]</a> and then the <a href="/wiki/Cuzcatlan" title="Cuzcatlan">Cuzcatlecs</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[13]</a> Archaeological monuments also suggest an early <a href="/wiki/Olmec" class="mw-redirect" title="Olmec">Olmec</a> presence around the first millennium BC.<a href="#cite_note-20">[14]</a> In the beginning of the 16th century, the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">Spanish Empire conquered</a> the Central American territory, incorporating it into the Viceroyalty of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a> ruled from <a href="/wiki/Mexico_City" title="Mexico City">Mexico City</a>. However the Viceroyalty of New Spain had little to no influence in the daily affairs of the isthmus, which was colonized in 1524. In 1609, the area was declared the <a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General of Guatemala</a> by the Spanish, which included the territory that would become El Salvador until its independence from Spain in 1821. It was <a href="/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" title="Central America under Mexican rule">forcibly incorporated</a> into the <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a>, then seceded, joining the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a> in 1823. When the federation dissolved in 1841, El Salvador became a sovereign state, then formed a short-lived union with Honduras and <a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a> called the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Greater Republic of Central America">Greater Republic of Central America</a>, which lasted from 1896 to 1898.<a href="#cite_note-Boland2001-21">[15]</a><a href="#cite_note-IhrieOropesa2011-22">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-Haskin2012-23">[17]</a> From the late 19th to the mid-20th century, El Salvador endured chronic political and economic instability characterized by coups, revolts, and a succession of authoritarian rulers. Persistent socioeconomic inequality and civil unrest culminated in the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a> from 1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government backed by the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a>, and a coalition of left-wing <a href="/wiki/Guerrilla_warfare" title="Guerrilla warfare">guerrilla</a> groups. The conflict ended with the <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec_Peace_Accords" title="Chapultepec Peace Accords">Chapultepec Peace Accords</a>. This negotiated settlement established a multiparty constitutional republic, which remains in place to this day. During the civil war and afterwards, large numbers of Salvadorans emigrated to the United States. From 1980 through 2008, nearly one million Salvadorans immigrated to the United States, such that by 2008, they were the sixth largest immigrant group in the US.<a href="#cite_note-migrationPolicy2010-24">[18]</a> El Salvador's <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">economy</a> has historically been dominated by agriculture, beginning with the Spanish taking control of the indigenous <a href="/wiki/Cacao_bean" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacao bean">cacao</a> crop in the 16th century, with production centred in <a href="/wiki/Izalco" title="Izalco">Izalco</a>, along with balsam from the ranges of <a href="/wiki/La_Libertad_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="La Libertad Department (El Salvador)">La Libertad</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ahuachap%C3%A1n_Department" title="Ahuachapán Department">Ahuachapán</a>. This was followed by a boom in use of the <a href="/wiki/Indigofera" title="Indigofera">indigo plant</a> in the 19th century, mainly for its use as a dye.<a href="#cite_note-Montgomery1995-25">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Murray1997-26">[20]</a> Thereafter the focus shifted to <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a>, which by the early 20th century accounted for 90% of export earnings.<a href="#cite_note-Boland2001b-27">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Pearcy2006-28">[22]</a> El Salvador has since reduced its dependence on coffee and embarked on diversifying its economy by opening up trade and financial links and expanding the manufacturing sector.<a href="#cite_note-FoleyHapipi2005-29">[23]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_col%C3%B3n" title="Salvadoran colón">colón</a>, the currency of El Salvador since 1892, was replaced by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">United States dollar</a> in 2001.<a href="#cite_note-30">[24]</a> As of 2019 economic improvements had led to El Salvador experiencing the lowest level of <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">income inequality</a> among nearby countries. Among 77 countries included in a 2021 study, El Salvador had one of the least complex economies for doing business.<a href="#cite_note-31">[25]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Etymology">Etymology</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Etymology">edit</a>]</div> After the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">Spanish conquest</a>, the land was divided into the province of San Salvador, which means "Holy Savior"; a Spanish title for <a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">Jesus</a>. From 1579 that also including the province of <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador" title="San Miguel, El Salvador">San Miguel</a> (Saint Michael). San Salvador would become, throughout the colonial era, an alcaldía mayor (great mayor's office), intendancy, and finally a province with a provincial council, and the province of Izalcos (which would become be called the mayor's office of Sonsonate). In 1824 the two jurisdictions were united in the State of Salvador, a part of the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a>.<a href="#cite_note-el_nombre_El_Salvador-32">[26]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ejercicio_gobernar-33">[27]</a> After the dissolution of the Federal Republic of Central America, the country was referred to as the "Republic of Salvador" (República del Salvador), but in 1915, the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly</a> passed a law which officially stated that the country's name should be rendered as the definite form "El Salvador", The Savior, again a reference to Jesus, rather than Salvador. The legislature reaffirmed the country's name as El Salvador with another law passed in 1958.<a href="#cite_note-34">[28]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador" title="History of El Salvador">History of El Salvador</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Prehistoric">Prehistoric</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Prehistoric">edit</a>]</div> During the <a href="/wiki/Pleistocene" title="Pleistocene">Pleistocene</a> El Salvador was inhabited by now extinct <a href="/wiki/Megafauna" title="Megafauna">megafauna</a> species, including the elephant-sized giant ground sloth <a href="/wiki/Eremotherium" title="Eremotherium">Eremotherium</a>, the rhinoceros-like <a href="/wiki/Mixotoxodon" title="Mixotoxodon">Mixotoxodon</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gomphothere" title="Gomphothere">gomphothere</a> (elephant-relative) <a href="/wiki/Cuvieronius" title="Cuvieronius">Cuvieronius</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Glyptodont" title="Glyptodont">glyptodont</a> <a href="/wiki/Glyptotherium" title="Glyptotherium">Glyptotherium</a>, the llama <a href="/wiki/Hemiauchenia" title="Hemiauchenia">Hemiauchenia</a>, and the horse <a href="/wiki/Equus_conversidens" title="Equus conversidens">Equus conversidens</a>.<a href="#cite_note-35">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-36">[30]</a> El Salvador has likely been occupied by humans since the <a href="/wiki/Paleo-Indians" title="Paleo-Indians">Paleoindian</a> period, based on fluted stone points found in western El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-37">[31]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pre-Columbian">Pre-Columbian</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Pre-Columbian">edit</a>]</div> Archaeological knowledge of Pre-Columbian civilisation in El Salvador is poor, due to its high population density limiting excavation, as well as volcanic eruptions blanketing potential archaeological sites. This lack of knowledge particularly effects the <a href="/wiki/Mesoamerican_chronology#Preclassic_Era_or_Formative_Period" title="Mesoamerican chronology">Preclassic Period</a> and earlier.<a href="#cite_note-38">[32]</a> A notable archaeological site in western El Salvador is <a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chalchuapa#Época_prehispánica" class="extiw" title="es:Chalchuapa">Chalchuapa</a>, which was first settled around 1200 BC, and became a major urban settlement on the periphery of the <a href="/wiki/Mayan_civilization" class="mw-redirect" title="Mayan civilization">Maya civilization</a> during the Preclassic Period and was heavily involved in the trading of valuable items like ceramics, obsidian, cacao and hematite. The settlement was heavily damaged around 430 AD by a volcanic eruption, after which it never regained its former prominence.<a href="#cite_note-39">[33]</a> Another major Pre-Columbian settlement is <a href="/wiki/Cara_Sucia_(Mesoamerican_site)" title="Cara Sucia (Mesoamerican site)">Cara Sucia</a> in the far west of the country, which began as a small settlement around 800 BC at the beginning of the Middle Preclassic, during the <a href="/wiki/Late_Classic" class="mw-redirect" title="Late Classic">Late Classic</a> (600-900 AD), Cara Sucia emerged as a major urban settlement, before being abruptly destroyed during the 10th century.<a href="#cite_note-40">[34]</a><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg/220px-Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg/330px-Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg/440px-Temazcal_en_Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4608" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Temazcal" title="Temazcal">Temazcal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n" title="Joya de Cerén">Joya de Cerén</a>.</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil people</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nahuan_languages" title="Nahuan languages">Nahua</a> speaking groups migrated from <a href="/wiki/Anahuac_(Aztec)" title="Anahuac (Aztec)">Anahuac</a> beginning around 800 AD and occupied the central and western regions of El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-Campbell1985-41">[35]</a> The Nahua Pipil were the last indigenous people to arrive in El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-Fowler1991-42">[36]</a> They called their territory Kuskatan, a <a href="/wiki/Nawat_language" title="Nawat language">Nawat</a> word<a href="#cite_note-Cárdenas1950-43">[37]</a> meaning "The Place of Precious Jewels," <a href="/wiki/Back-formation" title="Back-formation">back-formed</a> into <a href="/wiki/Classical_Nahuatl" title="Classical Nahuatl">Classical Nahuatl</a> Cōzcatlān, and as Cuzcatlán.<a href="#cite_note-Baratta1951-44">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cárdenas1964-45">[39]</a> It was the largest domain in Salvadoran territory up until European contact. The term Cuzcatleco is commonly used to identify someone of Salvadoran heritage, although the majority of the eastern population has an indigenous heritage of Lenca origin, as do their place names such as <a href="/wiki/Intipuc%C3%A1" title="Intipucá">Intipuca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chirilagua" title="Chirilagua">Chirilagua</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lolotique" title="Lolotique">Lolotique</a>. Most of the archaeological sites in western El Salvador such as <a href="/wiki/Lake_G%C3%BCija" title="Lake Güija">Lago de Guija</a> and <a href="/wiki/Joya_de_Cer%C3%A9n" title="Joya de Cerén">Joya De Ceren</a> indicate a pre-Columbian Mayan culture. <a href="/wiki/Cihuat%C3%A1n" title="Cihuatán">Cihuatan</a> shows signs of material trade with northern Nahua culture, eastern Mayan and Lenca culture, and southern Nicaraguan and Costa Rican indigenous culture.<a href="#cite_note-46">[40]</a> <a href="/wiki/Tazumal" title="Tazumal">Tazumal</a>'s smaller B1-2 structure shows a <a href="/wiki/Talud-tablero" title="Talud-tablero">talud</a>-<a href="/wiki/Talud-tablero" title="Talud-tablero">tablero</a> style of architecture that is associated with Nahua culture and corresponds with their migration history from Anahuac. In eastern El Salvador, the Lenca site of <a href="/wiki/Quelepa" title="Quelepa">Quelepa</a> is highlighted as a major pre-Columbian cultural center and demonstrates links to the Mayan site of <a href="/wiki/Cop%C3%A1n" title="Copán">Copan</a> in western Honduras as well as the previously mentioned sites in Chalchuapa, and Cara Sucia in western El Salvador. An investigation of the site of La Laguna in <a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n" title="Usulután">Usulutan</a> has also produced Copador items that link it to the Lenca-Maya trade route. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="European_arrival_(1522)">European arrival (1522)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: European arrival (1522)">edit</a>]</div> By 1521, the indigenous population of the Mesoamerican area had been drastically reduced by the <a href="/wiki/History_of_smallpox" title="History of smallpox">smallpox epidemic</a> that was spreading throughout the territory, although it had not yet reached pandemic levels in Cuzcatlán or the northern portion Managuara.<a href="#cite_note-Peters2005-47">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-Card2007-48">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-49">[43]</a> The first known visit by Spaniards to what is now Salvadoran territory was made by the admiral <a href="/wiki/Andr%C3%A9s_Ni%C3%B1o" title="Andrés Niño">Andrés Niño</a>, who led an expedition to Central America. He disembarked in the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca" title="Gulf of Fonseca">Gulf of Fonseca</a> on 31 May 1522, at <a href="/wiki/Meanguera_del_Golfo" title="Meanguera del Golfo">Meanguera island</a>, naming it Petronila,<a href="#cite_note-Valdés2006-50">[44]</a> and then traversed to <a href="/wiki/Jiquilisco_Bay" title="Jiquilisco Bay">Jiquilisco Bay</a> on the mouth of <a href="/wiki/Lempa_River" title="Lempa River">Lempa River</a>. The first indigenous people to have contact with the Spanish were the Lenca of eastern El Salvador. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Conquest_of_Cuzcatlán_and_Managuara">Conquest of Cuzcatlán and Managuara</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Conquest of Cuzcatlán and Managuara">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">Spanish conquest of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pedro_de_Alvarado_(Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pedro_de_Alvarado_%28Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano%29.jpg/170px-Pedro_de_Alvarado_%28Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="237" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pedro_de_Alvarado_%28Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano%29.jpg/255px-Pedro_de_Alvarado_%28Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/Pedro_de_Alvarado_%28Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano%29.jpg/340px-Pedro_de_Alvarado_%28Tom%C3%A1s_Povedano%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2302" data-file-height="3211" /></a><figcaption>Spanish Conquistador <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a>.</figcaption></figure> In 1524, after participating in the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_the_Aztec_Empire" title="Spanish conquest of the Aztec Empire">conquest of the Aztec Empire</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_de_Alvarado" title="Pedro de Alvarado">Pedro de Alvarado</a>, his brother Gonzalo, and their men crossed the <a href="/wiki/Paz_River" title="Paz River">Rio Paz</a> southward into Cuzcatlec territory. Upon their arrival, Spaniards were disappointed to discover that the Pipil had little gold compared to what they had found in Guatemala or Mexico. The small amount of gold that was available had to be panned so that it could be obtained. Eventually, the Spaniards recognized the richness of the land's volcanic soil. Following this discovery, the Spanish crown began granting land based on the terms of the encomienda system.<a href="#cite_note-51">[45]</a> Pedro Alvarado led the first incursion to extend their dominion to the domain of Cuzcatlan in June 1524.<a href="#cite_note-NicholsPool2012-52">[46]</a> When he arrived at the borders of the kingdom, he saw that civilians had been evacuated. Cuzcatlec warriors moved to the coastal city of <a href="/wiki/Acajutla" title="Acajutla">Acajutla</a> and waited for Alvarado and his forces. Alvarado approached, confident that the result would be similar to what occurred in Mexico and Guatemala. He thought he would easily deal with this new indigenous force since the Mexican allies on his side and the Pipil spoke a similar language.<a href="#cite_note-Pan_AmericanUnion1934-53">[47]</a> Alvarado described the Cuzcatlec soldiers as having shields decorated with colourful exotic feathers, a vest-like armour made of three inch cotton which arrows could not penetrate, and long spears. Both armies suffered many casualties, with a wounded Alvarado retreating and losing a lot of his men, especially among the Mexican Indian auxiliaries. Once his army had regrouped, Alvarado decided to head to the Cuzcatlan capital and again faced armed Cuzcatlec. Wounded, unable to fight and hiding in the cliffs, Alvarado sent his Spanish men on their horses to approach the Cuzcatlec to see if they would fear the horses, but they did not retreat, Alvarado recalls in his letters to <a href="/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n_Cort%C3%A9s" title="Hernán Cortés">Hernán Cortés</a>.<a href="#cite_note-54">[48]</a> The Cuzcatlec attacked again, and on this occasion stole Spanish weaponry. Alvarado retreated and sent Mexican messengers to demand that the Cuzcatlec warriors return the stolen weapons and surrender to their opponent's king. The Cuzcatlec responded with the famous response, "If you want your weapons, come get them". As days passed, Alvarado, fearing an ambush, sent more Mexican messengers to negotiate, but these messengers never came back and were presumably executed. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tazumal_10.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tazumal_10.jpg/220px-Tazumal_10.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="149" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tazumal_10.jpg/330px-Tazumal_10.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Tazumal_10.jpg/440px-Tazumal_10.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1386" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tazumal" title="Tazumal">Tazumal</a> (built between AD 250–1200), Maya site in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Department" title="Santa Ana Department">Santa Ana Department</a>.</figcaption></figure> The Spanish efforts were firmly resisted by Pipil and their Mayan-speaking neighbours. They defeated the Spaniards and what was left of their <a href="/wiki/Tlaxcala" title="Tlaxcala">Tlaxcalan</a> allies, forcing them to withdraw to Guatemala. After being wounded, Alvarado abandoned the war and appointed his brother, <a href="/wiki/Gonzalo_de_Alvarado" title="Gonzalo de Alvarado">Gonzalo de Alvarado</a>, to continue the task. Two subsequent expeditions (the first in 1525, followed by a smaller group in 1528) brought the Pipil under Spanish control, since the Pipil also were weakened by a regional epidemic of smallpox. In 1525, the conquest of Cuzcatlán was completed and the city of San Salvador was established. The Spanish faced much resistance from the Pipil and were not able to reach eastern El Salvador, the area of the Lencas. In 1526 the Spanish founded the garrison town of <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador" title="San Miguel, El Salvador">San Miguel</a> in northern Managuara—territory of the Lenca, headed by another explorer and conquistador, <a href="/wiki/Luis_de_Moscoso_Alvarado" title="Luis de Moscoso Alvarado">Luis de Moscoso Alvarado</a>, nephew of Pedro Alvarado. Oral history holds that a Maya-Lenca crown princess, Antu Silan Ulap I, organized resistance to the conquistadors.<a href="#cite_note-55">[49]</a> The commonwealth of the Lenca was alarmed by de Moscoso's invasion, and Antu Silan travelled from village to village, uniting all the Lenca towns in present-day El Salvador and Honduras against the Spaniards. Through surprise attacks and overwhelming numbers, they were able to drive the Spanish out of San Miguel and destroy the garrison. For ten years the Lencas prevented the Spanish from building a permanent settlement. Then the Spanish returned with more soldiers, including about 2,000 forced conscripts from indigenous communities in Guatemala. They pursued the Lenca leaders further up into the mountains of <a href="/wiki/Intibuc%C3%A1_Department" title="Intibucá Department">Intibucá</a>. Antu Silan Ulap eventually handed over control of the Lenca resistance to <a href="/wiki/Lempira_(Lenca_ruler)" title="Lempira (Lenca ruler)">Lempira</a> (also called Empira). Lempira was noteworthy among indigenous leaders in that he mocked the Spanish by wearing their clothes after capturing them and using their weapons captured in battle. Lempira fought in command of thousands of Lenca forces for six more years in Managuara until he was killed in battle. The remaining Lenca forces retreated into the hills. The Spanish were then able to rebuild their garrison town of San Miguel in 1537. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Colonial_period_(1525–1821)">Colonial period (1525–1821)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Colonial period (1525–1821)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg/220px-Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg/330px-Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f8/Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg/440px-Iglesia_Colonial_Metapan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3888" data-file-height="2592" /></a><figcaption>Colonial Church of San Pedro Apóstol in <a href="/wiki/Metap%C3%A1n" title="Metapán">Metapán</a>, built between 1736 and 1743.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Proclama_de_libertad_(indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg/220px-Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="148" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg/330px-Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b1/Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg/440px-Proclama_de_libertad_%28indep._Centroam%C3%A9rica%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="680" data-file-height="457" /></a><figcaption>A painting of the First Independence Movement celebration in San Salvador. At the centre, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mat%C3%ADas_Delgado" title="José Matías Delgado">José Matías Delgado</a>.</figcaption></figure> During the colonial period, San Salvador and San Miguel were part of the Captaincy General of Guatemala, also known as the Kingdom of Guatemala (<a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: Reino de Guatemala), created in 1609 as an administrative division of <a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">New Spain</a>. The Salvadoran territory was administered by the mayor of Sonsonate, with San Salvador being established as an <a href="/wiki/Intendancy_of_San_Salvador" title="Intendancy of San Salvador">intendencia</a> in 1786. In 1811, a combination of internal and external factors motivated Central American elites to attempt to gain independence from the Spanish Crown. The most important internal factors were the desire of local elites to control the country's affairs free of involvement from Spanish authorities, and the long-standing Creole aspiration for independence. The main external factors motivating the independence movement were the success of the <a href="/wiki/French_Revolution" title="French Revolution">French</a> and <a href="/wiki/American_Revolution" title="American Revolution">American</a> revolutions in the 18th century, and the weakening of the Spanish Crown's military power as a result of the <a href="/wiki/Napoleonic_Wars" title="Napoleonic Wars">Napoleonic Wars</a>, with the resulting inability to control its colonies effectively. In November 1811 Salvadoran priest <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mat%C3%ADas_Delgado" title="José Matías Delgado">José Matías Delgado</a> rang the bells of Iglesia La Merced in San Salvador, calling for insurrection and launching the <a href="/wiki/1811_Independence_Movement" title="1811 Independence Movement">1811 Independence Movement</a>. This insurrection was suppressed, and many of its leaders were arrested and served sentences in jail. Another insurrection was launched in 1814, which was also suppressed. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Independence_(1821)">Independence (1821)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Independence (1821)">edit</a>]</div> In 1821, in light of unrest in Guatemala, Spanish authorities capitulated and signed the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Central_America" title="Act of Independence of Central America">Act of Independence of Central America</a>, which released all of the Captaincy General of Guatemala (comprising current territories of Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua and Costa Rica and the Mexican state of <a href="/wiki/Chiapas" title="Chiapas">Chiapas</a>) from Spanish rule and declared its independence. In 1821, El Salvador joined Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras and Nicaragua in a union named the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG/220px-Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG/330px-Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG/440px-Vergara_detalle_firmaacta1821.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2592" data-file-height="1944" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Mat%C3%ADas_Delgado" title="José Matías Delgado">José Matías Delgado</a> At the time of signing the <a href="/wiki/Act_of_Independence_of_Central_America" title="Act of Independence of Central America">Central American act of independence</a>, in a representation of the meeting of September 15, 1821 of the Chilean painter Luis Vergara Ahumada.</figcaption></figure> In early 1822, the authorities of the newly independent Central American provinces, meeting in Guatemala City, <a href="/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" title="Central America under Mexican rule">voted to join</a> the newly constituted <a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">First Mexican Empire</a> under <a href="/wiki/Agust%C3%ADn_de_Iturbide" title="Agustín de Iturbide">Agustín de Iturbide</a>. El Salvador resisted, insisting on autonomy for the Central American countries. A Mexican military detachment marched to San Salvador and suppressed dissent, but with the fall of Iturbide on 19 March 1823, the army decamped back to Mexico. Shortly thereafter, the authorities of the provinces revoked the vote to join Mexico, deciding instead to form a <a href="/wiki/Federation" title="Federation">federal union</a> of the five remaining provinces (Chiapas permanently joined Mexico at this juncture) known as the <a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a>. El Salvador declared its independence from the Federal Republic of Central America on 30 January 1841.<a href="#cite_note-56">[50]</a> El Salvador joined Honduras and Nicaragua in 1896 to form the <a href="/wiki/Greater_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Greater Republic of Central America">Greater Republic of Central America</a>, which dissolved in 1898. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png/220px-Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="223" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png/330px-Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png/440px-Woman_and_girl_in_el_salvador_making_bread.png 2x" data-file-width="498" data-file-height="505" /></a><figcaption>Woman and girl in El Salvador making bread, 1910</figcaption></figure> After the mid-19th century, the economy was based on coffee growing. As the world market for indigo withered away, the economy prospered or suffered as the world coffee price fluctuated. The enormous profits that coffee yielded as a monoculture export served as an impetus for the concentration of land into the hands of an oligarchy of just a few families.<a href="#cite_note-57">[51]</a> Throughout the last half of the 19th century, a succession of presidents from the ranks of the Salvadoran oligarchy, nominally both conservative and liberal, generally agreed on the promotion of coffee as the predominant <a href="/wiki/Cash_crop" title="Cash crop">cash crop</a>, the development of infrastructure (railroads and port facilities) primarily in support of the coffee trade, the elimination of communal landholdings to facilitate further coffee production, the passage of anti-<a href="/wiki/Vagrancy" title="Vagrancy">vagrancy</a> laws to ensure that displaced <a href="/wiki/Peasant" title="Peasant">campesinos</a> and other rural residents provided sufficient labour for the coffee fincas (plantations), and the suppression of rural discontent. In 1912, the national guard was created as a rural police force. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="20th_century">20th century</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: 20th century">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tomas_Regalado1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tomas_Regalado1.jpg/170px-Tomas_Regalado1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="251" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tomas_Regalado1.jpg/255px-Tomas_Regalado1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1c/Tomas_Regalado1.jpg/340px-Tomas_Regalado1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2292" data-file-height="3389" /></a><figcaption>Gen. <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Regalado_(Salvadoran_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomás Regalado (Salvadoran politician)">Tomás Regalado</a></figcaption></figure> In 1898, General <a href="/wiki/Tom%C3%A1s_Regalado_(Salvadoran_politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tomás Regalado (Salvadoran politician)">Tomas Regalado</a> gained power by force, deposing <a href="/wiki/Rafael_Antonio_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez">Rafael Antonio Gutiérrez</a> and ruling as president until 1903. Once in office he revived the practice of presidents designating their successors. After serving his term, he remained active in the Army of El Salvador and was killed on 11 July 1906, at El Jicaro, during a <a href="/wiki/Totoposte_Wars" title="Totoposte Wars">war against Guatemala</a>. Until 1913 El Salvador was politically stable, with undercurrents of popular discontent. When President <a href="/wiki/Manuel_Enrique_Araujo" title="Manuel Enrique Araujo">Manuel Enrique Araujo</a> was killed in 1913, many hypotheses were advanced for the political motive of his murder. Araujo's administration was followed by the Melendez-Quinonez dynasty that lasted from 1913 to 1927. <a href="/wiki/P%C3%ADo_Romero_Bosque" title="Pío Romero Bosque">Pio Romero Bosque</a>, ex-minister of the government and a trusted collaborator of the dynasty, succeeded President <a href="/wiki/Jorge_Mel%C3%A9ndez" title="Jorge Meléndez">Jorge Meléndez</a>, and in 1930 announced free elections, in which <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Araujo" title="Arturo Araujo">Arturo Araujo</a> came to power on 1 March 1931, in what was considered the country's first freely contested election. His government lasted only nine months before it was overthrown by junior military officers who accused his Labor Party of lacking political and governmental experience and of using its government offices inefficiently. President Araujo faced general popular discontent, as the people had expected economic reforms and the redistribution of land. There were demonstrations in front of the National Palace from the first week of his administration. His vice president and minister of war was General <a href="/wiki/Maximiliano_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Maximiliano Hernández Martínez">Maximiliano Hernández Martínez</a>. <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hernandez_Martinez.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hernandez_Martinez.jpg/162px-Hernandez_Martinez.jpg" decoding="async" width="162" height="248" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hernandez_Martinez.jpg/243px-Hernandez_Martinez.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/Hernandez_Martinez.jpg/324px-Hernandez_Martinez.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="764" /></a><figcaption> General <a href="/wiki/Maximiliano_Hern%C3%A1ndez_Mart%C3%ADnez" title="Maximiliano Hernández Martínez">Maximiliano Hernández Martínez</a>, President of El Salvador (1931–1944)</figcaption></figure> In December 1931, a <a href="/wiki/1931_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1931 Salvadoran coup d'état">coup d'état was organized</a> by junior officers and led by Martínez. Only the First Regiment of Cavalry and the National Police defended the presidency (the National Police had been on its payroll), but later that night, after hours of fighting, the badly outnumbered defenders surrendered to rebel forces. The Directorate, composed of officers, hid behind a shadowy figure,<a href="#cite_note-58">[52]</a> a rich anti-communist banker called Rodolfo Duke, and later installed the vice-president Martínez as president. The revolt was probably caused by the army's discontent at not having been paid by President Araujo for some months. Araujo left the National Palace and unsuccessfully tried to organize forces to defeat the revolt. The U.S. Minister in El Salvador met with the Directorate and later recognized the government of Martínez, which agreed to hold presidential elections. He resigned six months prior to running for re-election, winning back the presidency as the only candidate on the ballot. He ruled from 1935 to 1939, then from 1939 to 1943. He began a fourth term in 1944 but resigned in May after a general strike. Martínez had said he was going to respect the constitution, which stipulated he could not be re-elected, but he refused to keep his promise. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="La_Matanza">La Matanza</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: La Matanza">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/La_Matanza" title="La Matanza">La Matanza</a></div> Beginning in January 1932, there was brutal suppression of a rural revolt known as <a href="/wiki/La_Matanza" title="La Matanza">La Matanza</a>. In the unstable political climate of the previous few years, social activist and revolutionary leader <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD" title="Farabundo Martí">Farabundo Martí</a> helped found the Communist Party of Central America, and led a communist alternative to the Red Cross, called "<a href="/wiki/International_Red_Aid" title="International Red Aid">International Red Aid</a>", serving as one of its representatives. Their goal was to help poor and underprivileged Salvadorans through the use of <a href="/wiki/Marxism%E2%80%93Leninism" title="Marxism–Leninism">Marxist–Leninist</a> ideology. In December 1930, at the height of the country's economic and social depression, Martí was once again exiled because of his popularity among the nation's poor and rumours of his upcoming nomination for president the following year. Once Araujo was elected president in 1931, Martí returned to El Salvador and, along with Alfonso Luna and Mario Zapata, began the movement that was later truncated by the military. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg/220px-Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="150" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg/330px-Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/40/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg/440px-Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte_1987b.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3332" data-file-height="2265" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte" title="José Napoleón Duarte">José Napoleón Duarte</a></figcaption></figure> On 22 January 1932, thousands of poorly armed peasants in the western part of El Salvador revolted against the government and Martínez. The rebellion occurred amid widespread unrest over suppression of democratic political freedoms following the cancelation of the results of the 1932 legislative election. The rebels were led by <a href="/wiki/Feliciano_Ama" title="Feliciano Ama">Feliciano Ama</a> and <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD" title="Farabundo Martí">Farabundo Martí</a> and were largely composed of indigenous people and communists. The rebellion made gains initially, capturing several towns and cities across the western part of the country, killing an estimated 2,000 people. The government suppressed the rebellion brutally, killing between 10,000 and 40,000 people, mostly, <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipil</a> peasants. Many of the rebellion's leaders, including Ama and Martí, were captured and executed.<a href="#cite_note-Ching-59">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-Lindo-Fuentes-60">[54]</a><a href="#cite_note-Beverly-61">[55]</a> Historically, the high Salvadoran population density has contributed to tensions with neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, as land-poor Salvadorans emigrated to less densely populated Honduras and established themselves as squatters on unused or underused land. This phenomenon was a major cause of the <a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">1969 Football War</a> between the two countries.<a href="#cite_note-62">[56]</a> As many as 130,000 Salvadorans were forcibly expelled or fled from Honduras.<a href="#cite_note-63">[57]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Christian_Democratic_Party_(El_Salvador)" title="Christian Democratic Party (El Salvador)">Christian Democratic Party</a> (PDC) and the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Party_(El_Salvador)" title="National Coalition Party (El Salvador)">National Conciliation Party</a> (PCN) were active in Salvadoran politics from 1960 until 2011, when they were disbanded by the Supreme Court because they had failed to win enough votes in the 2004 presidential election.<a href="#cite_note-64">[58]</a> Both parties have since reconstituted. They share common ideals, but one represents the middle class and the latter the interests of the Salvadoran military. PDC leader <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Napole%C3%B3n_Duarte" title="José Napoleón Duarte">José Napoleón Duarte</a> was the mayor of San Salvador from 1964 to 1970, winning three elections during the regime of PCN president, <a href="/wiki/Julio_Adalberto_Rivera_Carballo" title="Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo">Julio Adalberto Rivera Carballo</a>, who allowed free elections for mayors and the National Assembly. Duarte later ran for president with a political grouping called the <a href="/wiki/National_Opposing_Union" title="National Opposing Union">National Opposing Union</a> (UNO) but was defeated in the 1972 presidential elections. He lost to the ex-minister of interior, Colonel <a href="/wiki/Arturo_Armando_Molina" title="Arturo Armando Molina">Arturo Armando Molina</a>, in an election that was widely viewed as fraudulent; Molina was declared the winner even though Duarte was said to have received a majority of the votes. Duarte, at some army officers' requests, supported a revolt to protest the election fraud, but was captured, tortured and later exiled. Duarte returned to the country in 1979 to enter politics after working on projects in Venezuela as an engineer. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Salvadoran_Civil_War_(1979–1992)">Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg/220px-32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg/330px-32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg/440px-32-0032_Monumento_a_la_Memoria_y_la_Verdad.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A monument carved in black marble which contains the names of thousands of victims of <a href="/wiki/List_of_massacres_in_El_Salvador" title="List of massacres in El Salvador">massacres</a> that occurred during the civil war.</figcaption></figure> On 15 October 1979, a <a href="/wiki/1979_Salvadoran_coup_d%27%C3%A9tat" title="1979 Salvadoran coup d'état">coup d'état</a> brought the <a href="/wiki/Revolutionary_Government_Junta_of_El_Salvador" title="Revolutionary Government Junta of El Salvador">Revolutionary Government Junta</a> (JRG) to power. It nationalized many private companies and took over much privately owned land. The purpose of this new junta was to stop the revolutionary movement already underway in response to Duarte's stolen election. Nevertheless, the oligarchy opposed <a href="/wiki/Agrarian_reform" title="Agrarian reform">agrarian reform</a>, and a junta formed with young reformist elements from the army such as Colonels <a href="/wiki/Adolfo_Arnoldo_Majano" title="Adolfo Arnoldo Majano">Adolfo Arnoldo Majano</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jaime_Abdul_Guti%C3%A9rrez" title="Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez">Jaime Abdul Gutiérrez</a>,<a href="#cite_note-65">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-66">[60]</a> as well as with progressives such as <a href="/wiki/Guillermo_Ungo" title="Guillermo Ungo">Guillermo Ungo</a> and Alvarez. <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg/220px-O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="275" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg/330px-O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg/440px-O.Romero_1979_autographed_photo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Archbishop_Romero" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop Romero">Archbishop Romero</a> spoke out against social injustice and violence amid the escalating conflict between the military government and left-wing insurgents that led to the Salvadoran Civil War.</figcaption></figure> Pressure from the oligarchy soon dissolved the junta because of its inability to control the army in its repression of the people fighting for unionization rights, agrarian reform, better wages, accessible health care and freedom of expression. In the meantime, the guerrilla movement was spreading to all sectors of Salvadoran society. Middle and high school students were organized in MERS (Movimiento Estudiantil Revolucionario de Secundaria, Revolutionary Movement of Secondary Students); college students were involved with AGEUS (Asociacion de Estudiantes Universitarios Salvadorenos; Association of Salvadoran College Students); and workers were organized in BPR (Bloque Popular Revolucionario, Popular Revolutionary Block). In October 1980, several other major guerrilla groups of the Salvadoran left had formed the <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_National_Liberation_Front" title="Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front">Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front</a>, or FMLN. By the end of the 1970s, government-contracted death squads were killing about 10 people each day. Meanwhile, the FMLN had 6,000 to 8,000 active guerrillas and hundreds of thousands of part-time militia, supporters, and sympathizers.<a href="#cite_note-67">[61]</a> The U.S. supported and financed the creation of a second junta to change the political environment and stop the spread of a leftist insurrection. Napoleón Duarte was recalled from his exile in Venezuela to head this new junta. However, a revolution was already underway and his new role as head of the junta was seen by the general population as opportunistic. He was unable to influence the outcome of the insurrection. <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic">Roman Catholic</a> Archbishop of San Salvador, denounced injustices and massacres committed against civilians by government forces. He was considered "the voice of the voiceless", but he was assassinated by a <a href="/wiki/Death_squads_in_El_Salvador" title="Death squads in El Salvador">death squad</a> while saying Mass on 24 March 1980.<a href="#cite_note-68">[62]</a> Some consider this to be the beginning of the full <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War</a>, which lasted from 1980 to 1992. An unknown number of people "disappeared" during the conflict, and the UN reports that more than 75,000 were killed.<a href="#cite_note-69">[63]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Army" title="Salvadoran Army">Salvadoran Army</a>'s US-trained <a href="/wiki/Atl%C3%A1catl_Battalion" title="Atlácatl Battalion">Atlácatl Battalion</a> was responsible for the <a href="/wiki/El_Mozote_massacre" title="El Mozote massacre">El Mozote massacre</a> where more than 800 civilians were murdered, over half of them children, the <a href="/wiki/El_Calabozo_massacre" title="El Calabozo massacre">El Calabozo massacre</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Murder_of_UCA_scholars" class="mw-redirect" title="Murder of UCA scholars">murder of UCA scholars</a>.<a href="#cite_note-70">[64]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg/220px-Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="144" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg/330px-Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg/440px-Protest_against_the_Salvadoran_Civil_War_Chicago_1989_5.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1143" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Protest against US involvement in the Salvadoran Civil War in Chicago, Illinois, in March 1989</figcaption></figure> On 16 January 1992, the government of El Salvador, represented by president <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Cristiani" title="Alfredo Cristiani">Alfredo Cristiani</a>, and the FMLN, represented by the commanders of the five guerrilla groups – <a href="/wiki/Schafik_H%C3%A1ndal" title="Schafik Hándal">Schafik Hándal</a>, <a href="/wiki/Joaqu%C3%ADn_Villalobos" title="Joaquín Villalobos">Joaquín Villalobos</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salvador_S%C3%A1nchez_Cer%C3%A9n" title="Salvador Sánchez Cerén">Salvador Sánchez Cerén</a>, Francisco Jovel and <a href="/wiki/Ferm%C3%A1n_Cienfuegos" title="Fermán Cienfuegos">Eduardo Sancho</a>, all signed peace agreements brokered by the United Nations ending the 12-year civil war. This event, held at <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec_Castle" title="Chapultepec Castle">Chapultepec Castle</a> in Mexico, was attended by U.N. dignitaries and other representatives of the international community. After signing the armistice, the president stood and shook hands with the newly ex-guerrilla commanders, an action which was widely admired. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Post-war_(1992–2019)">Post-war (1992–2019)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Post-war (1992–2019)">edit</a>]</div> The so-called <a href="/wiki/Chapultepec_Peace_Accords" title="Chapultepec Peace Accords">Chapultepec Peace Accords</a> mandated reductions in the size of the army, and the dissolution of the National Police, the Treasury Police, the National Guard and the Civilian Defence, a paramilitary group. A new Civil Police was to be organized. Judicial immunity for crimes committed by the armed forces ended; the government agreed to submit to the recommendations of a <a href="/wiki/Commission_on_the_Truth_for_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Commission on the Truth for El Salvador">Commission on the Truth for El Salvador</a> (Comisión de la Verdad Para El Salvador), which would "investigate serious acts of violence occurring since 1980, and the nature and effects of the violence, and...recommend methods of promoting national reconciliation". In 1993 the Commission delivered its findings reporting human rights violations on both sides of the conflict.<a href="#cite_note-71">[65]</a> Five days later the Salvadoran legislature passed an amnesty law for all acts of violence during the period. From 1989 until 2004, Salvadorans favoured the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Republican_Alliance" title="Nationalist Republican Alliance">Nationalist Republican Alliance</a> (ARENA), voting in ARENA presidents in every election (<a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Cristiani" title="Alfredo Cristiani">Alfredo Cristiani</a>, <a href="/wiki/Armando_Calder%C3%B3n_Sol" title="Armando Calderón Sol">Armando Calderón Sol</a>, <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Flores_P%C3%A9rez" title="Francisco Flores Pérez">Francisco Flores Pérez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Saca" title="Antonio Saca">Antonio Saca</a>) until 2009. The unsuccessful attempts of the left-wing party to win presidential elections led to its selection of a journalist rather than a former guerrilla leader as a candidate. On 15 March 2009, <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Funes" title="Mauricio Funes">Mauricio Funes</a>, a television figure, became the first president from the FMLN. He was inaugurated on 1 June 2009.<a href="#cite_note-72">[66]</a> One focus of the Funes government has been revealing the alleged corruption from the past government.<a href="#cite_note-73">[67]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._(23793774503).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._%2823793774503%29.jpg/220px-XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._%2823793774503%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._%2823793774503%29.jpg/330px-XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._%2823793774503%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f0/XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._%2823793774503%29.jpg/440px-XXIV_Conmemoraci%C3%B3n_de_los_Acuerdos_de_Paz._%2823793774503%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5286" data-file-height="2994" /></a><figcaption>The signatories of the Peace Agreements. on its XXIV anniversary; The agreements led to a series of transformations that marked a before and after in national history.</figcaption></figure> ARENA formally expelled Saca from the party in December 2009. With 12 loyalists in the National Assembly, Saca established his own party, the <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_for_National_Unity" title="Grand Alliance for National Unity">Grand Alliance for National Unity</a> (GANA), and entered into a tactical legislative alliance with the FMLN.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] After three years in office, with Saca's GANA party providing the FMLN with a legislative majority, Funes had not taken action to either investigate or to bring corrupt former officials to justice. Economic reforms since the early 1990s brought major benefits in terms of improved social conditions, diversification of the export sector, and access to international financial markets at investment grade level. Crime remains a major problem for the investment climate. Early in the new millennium, El Salvador's government created the Ministerio de Medio Ambiente y Recursos Naturales — the Ministry of Environment and Natural Resources (MARN) — in response to climate change concerns.<a href="#cite_note-cdkn.org-74">[68]</a> In March 2014, former FMLN guerrilla leader Cerén narrowly won the <a href="/wiki/2014_Salvadoran_presidential_election" title="2014 Salvadoran presidential election">election</a>. He was sworn in as president on 31 May 2014. He was the first former guerrilla to become the president of El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-75">[69]</a> In October 2017, an El Salvador court ruled that former president Funes and one of his sons had illegally enriched themselves. Funes had sought asylum in Nicaragua in 2016.<a href="#cite_note-76">[70]</a> In September 2018, former president Saca was sentenced to 10 years in prison after he pleaded guilty to diverting more than US$300 million in state funds to his own businesses and third parties.<a href="#cite_note-77">[71]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presidency_of_Nayib_Bukele_(2019–present)">Presidency of Nayib Bukele (2019–present)</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Presidency of Nayib Bukele (2019–present)">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg/220px-Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg/330px-Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg/440px-Nayib_Bukele_talks_at_his_inauguration_ceremony.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="853" /></a><figcaption>Nayib Bukele speaks at his inauguration ceremony</figcaption></figure> On 1 June 2019, <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> became the new president of El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-78">[72]</a> Bukele was the winner of February <a href="/wiki/2019_Salvadoran_presidential_election" title="2019 Salvadoran presidential election">2019 presidential election</a>. He represented GANA, as he was denied participating with the newly formed Nuevas Ideas party. ARENA and the FMLN, El Salvador's two main parties, had dominated politics in El Salvador over the past three decades.<a href="#cite_note-79">[73]</a> According to a report by the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a> (ICG) 2020, the homicide rate in El Salvador had dropped by as much as 60 percent since Bukele became president in June 2019. The reason might[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Avoid_weasel_words" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Avoid weasel words">weasel words</a>] have been a "non-aggression deal" between parts of the government and the gangs.<a href="#cite_note-80">[74]</a> The party <a href="/wiki/Nuevas_Ideas" title="Nuevas Ideas">Nuevas Ideas</a> (NI, "New Ideas"), founded by Bukele, with its ally (GANA) won around 63% of the vote in the February 2021 <a href="/wiki/2021_Salvadoran_legislative_election" title="2021 Salvadoran legislative election">legislative elections</a>. His party and allies won 61 seats, well over the coveted supermajority of 56 seats in the 84-seat parliament, allowing for uncontested decisions at the legislative level. The supermajority permits President Bukele's party to appoint judiciary members and pass laws with little to no opposition, for instance, to remove presidential term limits.<a href="#cite_note-81">[75]</a><a href="#cite_note-centralamerica-82">[76]</a> On 8 June 2021, at the initiative of President Bukele, pro-government deputies in the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly</a> voted <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_Law" title="Bitcoin Law">legislation</a> to make <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">bitcoin</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> in the country.<a href="#cite_note-btcasamblea202106-83">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-btcelsalvador20210608-84">[78]</a> In September 2021, El Salvador's Supreme Court ruled to allow Bukele to run for a second term in 2024, despite the fact that the constitution prohibits the president to serve two consecutive terms in office. The decision was organized by judges appointed to the court by Bukele.<a href="#cite_note-85">[79]</a> On 25 February 2021, El Salvador became the first Central American country to be awarded certification for the elimination of <a href="/wiki/Malaria" title="Malaria">malaria</a> by the <a href="/wiki/World_Health_Organization" title="World Health Organization">WHO</a>.<a href="#cite_note-86">[80]</a> In January 2022, the <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a> (IMF) urged El Salvador to reverse its decision to make <a href="/wiki/Cryptocurrency" title="Cryptocurrency">cryptocurrency</a> legal tender. Bitcoin had rapidly lost about half of its value, meaning economic difficulties and, as of May 2022, with government bonds trading at 40% of their original value, the prospect of a looming <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_default" title="Sovereign default">sovereign default</a>.<a href="#cite_note-87">[81]</a> Bukele announced back in January 2022 plans to build <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_City" title="Bitcoin City">Bitcoin City</a> at the base of a volcano in El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-88">[82]</a> In 2022, the Salvadoran government initiated a massive <a href="/wiki/2022_Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Salvadoran gang crackdown">fight against criminal gangs</a> and gang-related violence. A state of emergency was declared on 27 March and was extended on 20 July. More than 53,000 suspected gang members were arrested, precipitating the highest reported <a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_incarceration_rate" title="List of countries by incarceration rate">incarceration rate</a> in the world.<a href="#cite_note-89">[83]</a><a href="#cite_note-90">[84]</a> The crackdown has reportedly produced hundreds of deaths of detainees, with international human rights organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> declaring it the worst abuse of human rights in the country since its civil war.<a href="#cite_note-91">[85]</a> On 30 November 2023, the Legislative Assembly granted Bukele and Vice President Felix Ulloa a leave of absence so that they could focus on their <a href="/wiki/2024_Salvadoran_general_election" title="2024 Salvadoran general election">2024 re-election campaign</a>.<a href="#cite_note-92">[86]</a> Bukele was succeeded by <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Rodr%C3%ADguez_de_Guevara" title="Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara">Claudia Rodríguez de Guevara</a> as acting president, the first female president in Salvadoran history.<a href="#cite_note-93">[87]</a> In January 2024, it was announced that homicide rate dropped nearly 70% year over year, with 154 in 2023 compared to 495 homicides in 2022.<a href="#cite_note-94">[88]</a> On 4 February 2024, Bukele won re-election with 83% of the vote in <a href="/wiki/2024_Salvadoran_general_election" title="2024 Salvadoran general election">general election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-95">[89]</a> His party Nuevas Ideas won 58 of the parliament's 60 seats.<a href="#cite_note-96">[90]</a> On 1 June 2024, he was sworn in for his second five-year term.<a href="#cite_note-97">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Geography">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">Geography of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:El_Salvador_Topography.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/El_Salvador_Topography.png/290px-El_Salvador_Topography.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="265" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/El_Salvador_Topography.png/435px-El_Salvador_Topography.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/El_Salvador_Topography.png/580px-El_Salvador_Topography.png 2x" data-file-width="1963" data-file-height="1797" /></a><figcaption>El Salvador's topography.</figcaption></figure> El Salvador lies in the isthmus of Central America between latitudes <a href="/wiki/13th_parallel_north" title="13th parallel north">13°</a> and <a href="/wiki/15th_parallel_north" title="15th parallel north">15°N</a>, and longitudes <a href="/wiki/87th_meridian_west" title="87th meridian west">87°</a> and <a href="/wiki/91st_meridian_west" title="91st meridian west">91°W</a>. It stretches 270 km (168 mi) from west-northwest to east-southeast and 142 km (88 mi) north to south, with a total area of 21,041 km2 (8,124 sq mi). As the smallest and most densely populated country in continental <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">America</a>, El Salvador is affectionately called Pulgarcito de America (the "<a href="/wiki/Tom_Thumb" title="Tom Thumb">Tom Thumb</a> of the Americas"). El Salvador shares borders with Guatemala and Honduras, as well as a coastline with the <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a>. The total national boundary length is 546 km (339 mi): 203 km (126 mi) with Guatemala and 343 km (213 mi) with Honduras. It is the only Central American country that has no Caribbean coastline. The coastline on the Pacific is 307 km (191 mi) long. El Salvador has over 300 rivers, the most important of which is the <a href="/wiki/Lempa_River" title="Lempa River">Rio Lempa</a>. Originating in Guatemala, the Rio Lempa cuts across the northern range of mountains, flows along much of the central plateau, and cuts through the southern volcanic range to empty into the Pacific. It is El Salvador's only navigable river. It and its tributaries drain about half of the country's area. Other rivers are generally short and drain the Pacific lowlands or flow from the central plateau through gaps in the southern mountain range to the Pacific. These include the <a href="/wiki/Goascor%C3%A1n_River" title="Goascorán River">Goascorán</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jiboa_River" title="Jiboa River">Jiboa</a>, <a href="/wiki/Torola_River" title="Torola River">Torola</a>, <a href="/wiki/Paz_River" title="Paz River">Paz</a> and the <a href="/wiki/R%C3%ADo_Grande_de_San_Miguel" title="Río Grande de San Miguel">Río Grande de San Miguel</a>. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_(50899359306).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_%2850899359306%29.jpg/220px-Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_%2850899359306%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_%2850899359306%29.jpg/330px-Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_%2850899359306%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/76/Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_%2850899359306%29.jpg/440px-Santa_Ana_-_El_Salvador_%2850899359306%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4896" data-file-height="3672" /></a><figcaption>Ilamatepec (Santa Ana) Volcano</figcaption></figure> The geography of El Salvador is volcanic. El Salvador is a country located on the <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a>, where the majority of the earth's volcanos and earthquakes occur.<a href="#cite_note-98">[92]</a> The most notable volcano is <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_(volcano)" title="San Miguel (volcano)">Volcan Chaparrastique</a> (San Miguel Volcano), which also exhibits the most volcanic activity. The tallest volcano is <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Volcano" title="Santa Ana Volcano">Ilamatepec</a><a href="#cite_note-99">[93]</a> (Santa Ana Volcano), reaching 7,821 feet (2,384 meters) above sea level. Along with these, <a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_El_Salvador" title="List of volcanoes in El Salvador">there are 20 other volcanoes</a>, many which are active, or potentially active. El Salvador has the second highest number of volcanoes of any Central American country.<a href="#cite_note-100">[94]</a> There are several lakes enclosed by volcanic craters in El Salvador, the most important of which are <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ilopango" title="Lake Ilopango">Lake Ilopango</a> (70 km2 or 27 sq mi) and <a href="/wiki/Lake_Coatepeque" class="mw-redirect" title="Lake Coatepeque">Lake Coatepeque</a> (26 km2 or 10 sq mi). <a href="/wiki/Lake_G%C3%BCija" title="Lake Güija">Lake Güija</a> is El Salvador's largest natural lake (44 km2 or 17 sq mi). Several artificial lakes were created by the damming of the Lempa, the largest of which is <a href="/wiki/Cerr%C3%B3n_Grande_Reservoir" title="Cerrón Grande Reservoir">Cerrón Grande Reservoir</a> (135 km2 or 52 sq mi). There are a total 320 km2 (123.6 sq mi) of water within El Salvador's borders. The highest point in El Salvador is <a href="/wiki/Cerro_El_Pital" title="Cerro El Pital">Cerro El Pital</a>, at 2,730 metres (8,957 ft), on the border with Honduras. Two parallel mountain ranges cross El Salvador to the west with a central plateau between them and a narrow coastal plain hugging the Pacific. These physical features divide the country into two physiographic regions. The mountain ranges and central plateau, covering 85% of the land, comprise the interior highlands. The remaining coastal plains are referred to as the Pacific lowlands. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Climate">Climate</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Climate">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of El Salvador">Climate of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg/290px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg.png" decoding="async" width="290" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg/435px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d8/Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg/580px-Koppen-Geiger_Map_SLV_present.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1794" data-file-height="850" /></a><figcaption>Köppen climate classification of El Salvador.</figcaption></figure> El Salvador has a <a href="/wiki/Tropical" class="mw-redirect" title="Tropical">tropical</a> climate with pronounced wet and dry seasons.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Temperatures vary primarily with elevation and show little seasonal change.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> The Pacific lowlands are uniformly hot and humid; the central plateau and mountain areas are more moderate.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> The rainy season, known locally as invierno, extends from May to October.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Almost all the annual rainfall during this time, and yearly rain totals, particularly on southern-facing mountain slopes, can be as high as 2,000 millimeters (78.7 in).<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Protected areas and the central plateau receive lesser, although still significant, amounts.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Rainfall during this season generally comes from low pressure over the Pacific and usually falls in heavy afternoon thunderstorms.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Although <a href="/wiki/Hurricane" class="mw-redirect" title="Hurricane">hurricanes</a> occasionally form in the Pacific, they seldom affect El Salvador, with the notable exception of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch" title="Hurricane Mitch">Hurricane Mitch</a> in 1998 (which actually formed over the Atlantic Basin) and <a href="/wiki/1973_Pacific_hurricane_season#Hurricane_Emily" title="1973 Pacific hurricane season">Hurricane Emily</a> in 1973.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> From November through April, the northeast <a href="/wiki/Trade_winds" title="Trade winds">trade winds</a> control weather patterns.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> During these months, air flowing from the Caribbean has lost most of its precipitation while passing over the mountains in Honduras.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> By the time this air reaches El Salvador, it is dry, hot, and hazy.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> This season is known locally as verano, or summer.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Temperatures vary little with season; elevation is the primary determinant.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> The Pacific lowlands are the hottest region, with annual averages ranging from 25 to 29 °C (77.0 to 84.2 °F).<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> San Salvador is representative of the central plateau, with an annual average temperature of 23 °C (73 °F) and absolute high and low readings of 38 and 6 °C (100.4 and 42.8 °F), respectively.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> Mountain areas are the coolest, with annual averages from 12 to 23 °C (53.6 to 73.4 °F) and minimum temperatures sometimes approaching freezing.<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Natural_disasters">Natural disasters</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Natural disasters">edit</a>]</div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Extreme_weather_events">Extreme weather events</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Extreme weather events">edit</a>]</div> El Salvador's position on the Pacific Ocean also makes it subject to severe weather conditions, including heavy rainstorms and severe droughts, both of which may be made more extreme by the <a href="/wiki/El_Ni%C3%B1o" class="mw-redirect" title="El Niño">El Niño</a> and <a href="/wiki/La_Ni%C3%B1a" class="mw-redirect" title="La Niña">La Niña</a> effects.<a href="#cite_note-102">[96]</a> Hurricanes occasionally form in the Pacific with the notable exception of <a href="/wiki/Hurricane_Mitch" title="Hurricane Mitch">Hurricane Mitch</a>, which formed in the Atlantic and crossed Central America. In the summer of 2001 a severe drought destroyed 80% of El Salvador's crops, causing famine in the countryside.<a href="#cite_note-103">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-104">[98]</a> On 4 October 2005, severe rains resulted in dangerous flooding and landslides, which caused at least 50 deaths.<a href="#cite_note-tdfiyp-105">[99]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Earthquakes_and_volcanic_activity">Earthquakes and volcanic activity</h4>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Earthquakes and volcanic activity">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vulkan_Chaparrastique,_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vulkan_Chaparrastique%2C_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG/220px-Vulkan_Chaparrastique%2C_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vulkan_Chaparrastique%2C_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG/330px-Vulkan_Chaparrastique%2C_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c5/Vulkan_Chaparrastique%2C_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG/440px-Vulkan_Chaparrastique%2C_El_Salvador_2013_01.JPG 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_(volcano)" title="San Miguel (volcano)">San Miguel</a> volcano in 2013</figcaption></figure> El Salvador lies along the Pacific <a href="/wiki/Ring_of_Fire" title="Ring of Fire">Ring of Fire</a> and is thus subject to significant tectonic activity, including frequent <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquakes</a> and <a href="/wiki/Volcano" title="Volcano">volcanic</a> activity. The capital San Salvador was destroyed in 1756 and 1854, and it suffered heavy damage in the 1919, 1982, and 1986 tremors. Recent examples include the earthquake on 13 January 2001 that measured 7.7 on the <a href="/wiki/Richter_magnitude_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Richter magnitude scale">Richter magnitude scale</a> and caused a <a href="/wiki/Landslide" title="Landslide">landslide</a> that killed more than 800 people;<a href="#cite_note-tdfiyp-105">[99]</a> and another earthquake only a month later, on 13 February 2001, that killed 255 people and damaged about 20% of the country's housing. A <a href="/wiki/Moment_magnitude_scale" title="Moment magnitude scale">5.7 Mw</a> earthquake in 1986 resulted in 1,500 deaths, 10,000 injuries, and 100,000 people left homeless.<a href="#cite_note-106">[100]</a><a href="#cite_note-107">[101]</a> El Salvador has over twenty volcanoes; two of them, San Miguel and <a href="/wiki/Izalco_(volcano)" title="Izalco (volcano)">Izalco</a>, have been active in recent years. From the early 19th century to the mid-1950s, Izalco erupted with a regularity that earned it the name "Lighthouse of the Pacific". Its brilliant flares were clearly visible for great distances at sea, and at night its glowing lava turned it into a brilliant luminous cone. The most recent destructive volcanic eruption took place on 1 October 2005, when the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Volcano" title="Santa Ana Volcano">Santa Ana Volcano</a> spewed a cloud of ash, hot mud and rocks that fell on nearby villages and caused two deaths. The most severe volcanic eruption in this area occurred in the 5th century AD when the <a href="/wiki/Lake_Ilopango" title="Lake Ilopango">Ilopango</a> volcano erupted with a <a href="/wiki/Volcanic_Explosivity_Index" class="mw-redirect" title="Volcanic Explosivity Index">VEI</a> strength of 6, producing widespread <a href="/wiki/Pyroclastic_flow" title="Pyroclastic flow">pyroclastic flows</a> and devastating <a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Mayan cities</a>.<a href="#cite_note-108">[102]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Flora_and_fauna">Flora and fauna</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Flora and fauna">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg/220px-Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="182" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg/330px-Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/81/Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg/440px-Eumomota_superciliosa.jpg 2x" data-file-width="741" data-file-height="613" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Torogoz" class="mw-redirect" title="Torogoz">torogoz</a> is El Salvador's national bird.</figcaption></figure> It is estimated that there are 500 species of birds, 1,000 species of butterflies, 400 species of orchids, 800 species of trees, and 800 species of marine fish in El Salvador. There are eight species of sea turtles in the world; six of them nest on the coasts of Central America, and four make their home on the Salvadoran coast: the <a href="/wiki/Leatherback_sea_turtle" title="Leatherback sea turtle">leatherback turtle</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Hawksbill_sea_turtle" title="Hawksbill sea turtle">hawksbill</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Green_sea_turtle" title="Green sea turtle">green sea turtle</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Olive_ridley_sea_turtle" title="Olive ridley sea turtle">olive ridley</a>. The hawksbill is critically endangered. Recent conservation efforts provide hope for the future of the country's biological diversity. In 1997, the government established the Ministry of the Environment and Natural Resources. A general environmental framework law was approved by the National Assembly in 1999. Several non-governmental organizations are doing work to safeguard some of the country's most important forested areas. Foremost among these is SalvaNatura, which manages El Impossible, the country's largest national park under an agreement with El Salvador's environmental authorities. El Salvador is home to six terrestrial ecosystems: <a href="/wiki/Central_American_montane_forests" title="Central American montane forests">Central American montane forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Madre_de_Chiapas_moist_forests" title="Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests">Sierra Madre de Chiapas moist forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_American_dry_forests" title="Central American dry forests">Central American dry forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Central_American_pine-oak_forests" class="mw-redirect" title="Central American pine-oak forests">Central American pine-oak forests</a>, <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Fonseca_mangroves" title="Gulf of Fonseca mangroves">Gulf of Fonseca mangroves</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Northern_Dry_Pacific_Coast_mangroves" title="Northern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves">Northern Dry Pacific Coast mangroves</a>.<a href="#cite_note-DinersteinOlson2017-109">[103]</a> It had a 2018 <a href="/wiki/Forest_Landscape_Integrity_Index" title="Forest Landscape Integrity Index">Forest Landscape Integrity Index</a> mean score of 4.06/10, ranking it 136th globally out of 172 countries.<a href="#cite_note-FLII-Supplementary-110">[104]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Government_and_politics">Government and politics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Government and politics">edit</a>]</div> The 1983 constitution has the highest legal authority in the country. El Salvador has a democratic and representative government, whose three bodies are: <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._(34646005360).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._%2834646005360%29.jpg/220px-Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._%2834646005360%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._%2834646005360%29.jpg/330px-Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._%2834646005360%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/ab/Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._%2834646005360%29.jpg/440px-Informe_Tercer_a%C3%B1o_de_Gobierno._%2834646005360%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption>Salvadoran cadets in the Legislative Assembly of El Salvador</figcaption></figure> <ol><li>The Executive Branch, headed by the President of the Republic, who is elected by direct vote and remains in office for five years with no re-election but can be elected after sitting out one electoral period. The president has a Cabinet of Ministers whom he appoints, and is also the Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces.</li> <li>The Legislative Branch, called El Salvador's Legislative Assembly (unicameral), consisting of 84 deputies.</li> <li>The Judiciary, headed by the Supreme Court, which is composed of 15 judges, one of them being elected as President of the Judiciary.</li></ol> The political framework of El Salvador is a <a href="/wiki/Presidential_system" title="Presidential system">presidential</a> <a href="/wiki/Representative_democracy" title="Representative democracy">representative democratic</a> <a href="/wiki/Republic" title="Republic">republic</a> with a multiform, multi-party system. The <a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">president</a>, currently <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a>, is both <a href="/wiki/Head_of_state" title="Head of state">head of state</a> and <a href="/wiki/Head_of_government" title="Head of government">head of government</a>. <a href="/wiki/Executive_(government)" title="Executive (government)">Executive power</a> is exercised by the government. <a href="/wiki/Legislature" title="Legislature">Legislative power</a> is vested in both the government and the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly</a>. The country also has an independent judiciary and <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Supreme Court of El Salvador">Supreme Court</a>. It was ranked the 5th least electoral <a href="/wiki/Democracy_in_Latin_America_and_the_Caribbean" title="Democracy in Latin America and the Caribbean">democratic country in Latin America and the Caribbean</a> in 2023 by <a href="/wiki/V-Dem_Institute#Democracy_Report" title="V-Dem Institute">V-Dem Democracy Report</a>.<a href="#cite_note-vdem_report-111">[105]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Politics">Politics</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: Politics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Politics_of_El_Salvador" title="Politics of El Salvador">Politics of El Salvador</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_El_Salvador" title="List of political parties in El Salvador">List of political parties in El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg/220px-XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg/330px-XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/cd/XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg/440px-XIII_Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1844" data-file-height="1229" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly of El Salvador</a></figcaption></figure> El Salvador has a <a href="/wiki/Multi-party_system" title="Multi-party system">multi-party system</a>. Two <a href="/wiki/Political_parties" class="mw-redirect" title="Political parties">political parties</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_Republican_Alliance" title="Nationalist Republican Alliance">Nationalist Republican Alliance</a> (ARENA) and the <a href="/wiki/Farabundo_Mart%C3%AD_National_Liberation_Front" title="Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front">Farabundo Martí National Liberation Front</a> (FMLN) have tended to dominate elections. ARENA candidates won four consecutive presidential elections until the election of <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Funes" title="Mauricio Funes">Mauricio Funes</a> of the FMLN in March 2009. The FMLN Party is leftist in ideology, and is split between the dominant <a href="/wiki/Marxist-Leninist" class="mw-redirect" title="Marxist-Leninist">Marxist-Leninist</a> faction in the legislature, and the <a href="/wiki/Social_liberalism" title="Social liberalism">social liberal</a> wing led by Mauricio Funes until 2014. However, the two-party dominance was broken after <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a>, a candidate from <a href="/wiki/Grand_Alliance_for_National_Unity" title="Grand Alliance for National Unity">GANA</a> won the <a href="/wiki/2019_Salvadoran_presidential_election" title="2019 Salvadoran presidential election">2019 Salvadoran presidential election</a>.<a href="#cite_note-112">[106]</a> In February 2021, the results of <a href="/wiki/2021_Salvadoran_legislative_election" title="2021 Salvadoran legislative election">legislative election</a> caused a major change in the politics of El Salvador. The new allied party of president Nayib Bukele, <a href="/wiki/Nuevas_Ideas" title="Nuevas Ideas">Nuevas Ideas</a> (New Ideas) won the biggest congressional majority in the country's history.<a href="#cite_note-centralamerica-82">[76]</a> <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_El_Salvador" title="Departments of El Salvador">The departments</a> of the Central region, especially the capital and the coastal regions, known as departamentos rojos (red departments) are relatively leftist. The departamentos azules (blue departments) in the east, western and highland regions are relatively conservative.<a href="#cite_note-bbcnews-75">[69]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Foreign_relations_and_military">Foreign relations and military</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=22" title="Edit section: Foreign relations and military">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_El_Salvador" title="Foreign relations of El Salvador">Foreign relations of El Salvador</a> and <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_El_Salvador" title="Armed Forces of El Salvador">Armed Forces of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg/220px-Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg/330px-Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg/440px-Secretary_Pompeo_Participates_in_Signing_Ceremony_for_the_CSL_Lease_Extension_-_48342132177.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4347" data-file-height="2898" /></a><figcaption> U.S. Secretary of State <a href="/wiki/Mike_Pompeo" title="Mike Pompeo">Mike Pompeo</a> participates in a signing ceremony for the CSL Lease Extension with Salvadoran President <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a></figcaption></figure> El Salvador is a member of the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations" title="United Nations">United Nations</a> and several of its specialized agencies. It is also member of the <a href="/wiki/Organization_of_American_States" title="Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Parliament" title="Central American Parliament">Central American Parliament</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Central_American_Integration_System" title="Central American Integration System">Central American Integration System</a> among others. It actively participates in the Central American Security Commission, which seeks to promote regional arms control. El Salvador is a member of the <a href="/wiki/World_Trade_Organization" title="World Trade Organization">World Trade Organization</a> and is pursuing regional free trade agreements. An active participant in the <a href="/wiki/Summits_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Summits of the Americas">Summit of the Americas</a> process, El Salvador chairs a working group on market access under the <a href="/wiki/Free_Trade_Area_of_the_Americas" title="Free Trade Area of the Americas">Free Trade Area of the Americas</a> initiative. <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg/220px-Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg/330px-Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg/440px-Elementos_de_seguridad_en_CECOT.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5464" data-file-height="3640" /></a><figcaption>Soldiers and police officers</figcaption></figure> In November 1950, El Salvador was the only country to help the newly empowered <a href="/wiki/14th_Dalai_Lama" title="14th Dalai Lama">14th Dalai Lama</a> by supporting his <a href="/wiki/Tibet_(1912%E2%80%931951)" title="Tibet (1912–1951)">Tibetan</a> Government cabinet minister's telegram requesting an appeal before the <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_General_Assembly" title="United Nations General Assembly">General Assembly of the United Nations</a> to stop the <a href="/wiki/Annexation_of_Tibet_by_the_People%27s_Republic_of_China" title="Annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China">annexation of Tibet by the People's Republic of China</a>.<a href="#cite_note-The_Story_of_Tibet-113">[107]</a> With no other countries in support, "the UN unanimously dropped the Tibetan plea from its agenda."<a href="#cite_note-:0-101">[95]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_El_Salvador" title="Armed Forces of El Salvador">Armed Forces of El Salvador</a> have three branches: the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Army" title="Salvadoran Army">Salvadoran Army</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Air_Force" title="Salvadoran Air Force">Salvadoran Air Force</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_El_Salvador" title="Navy of El Salvador">Navy of El Salvador</a>. There are around 25,000 personnel in the armed forces in total.<a href="#cite_note-IISSp413-114">[108]</a> In 2017, El Salvador signed the UN <a href="/wiki/Treaty_on_the_Prohibition_of_Nuclear_Weapons" title="Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons">treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons</a>.<a href="#cite_note-115">[109]</a><a href="#cite_note-116">[110]</a> El Salvador is a party to the <a href="/wiki/Rome_Statute_of_the_International_Criminal_Court" class="mw-redirect" title="Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court">Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court</a>.<a href="#cite_note-117">[111]</a><a href="#cite_note-118">[112]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Human_rights">Human rights</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=23" title="Edit section: Human rights">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_El_Salvador" title="Human rights in El Salvador">Human rights in El Salvador</a></div> <a href="/wiki/Amnesty_International" title="Amnesty International">Amnesty International</a> has drawn attention to several arrests of police officers for unlawful police killings. Other issues to gain Amnesty International's attention include missing children, failure of law enforcement to properly investigate and prosecute crimes against women, and rendering <a href="/wiki/Labor_unions" class="mw-redirect" title="Labor unions">organized labour</a> illegal.<a href="#cite_note-119">[113]</a> Abortion is banned, with no exceptions for rape, incest, or threat to the mother's life; as a result, 180 women have been imprisoned in the last two decades, some for up to 30 years.<a href="#cite_note-120">[114]</a> Discrimination against <a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in El Salvador">LGBT people</a> in El Salvador is very widespread.<a href="#cite_note-121">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-122">[116]</a> According to 2013 survey by the <a href="/wiki/Pew_Research_Center" title="Pew Research Center">Pew Research Center</a>, 53% of Salvadorans believe that <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a> should not be accepted by society.<a href="#cite_note-pewglobal.org-123">[117]</a> Although homosexuality itself is legal, gay marriage is legally not recognized, as proposals were rejected twice in 2006, and once again in 2009. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Administrative_divisions">Administrative divisions</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=24" title="Edit section: Administrative divisions">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_El_Salvador" title="Departments of El Salvador">Departments of El Salvador</a></div> El Salvador is <a href="/wiki/Departments_of_El_Salvador" title="Departments of El Salvador">divided into 14 departments</a> (departamentos), which in turn are subdivided into 44 <a href="/wiki/Municipalities_of_El_Salvador" title="Municipalities of El Salvador">municipalities</a> (municipios) which are also divided into 262 districts. <div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;"> <div role="img" class="noresize" style="width: 700px; line-height: 1; text-align: center; background-color: #ffffff; position: relative;"><a href="/wiki/File:Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_(2024_con_departamentos).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_%282024_con_departamentos%29.svg/700px-Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_%282024_con_departamentos%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="700" height="424" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_%282024_con_departamentos%29.svg/1050px-Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_%282024_con_departamentos%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_%282024_con_departamentos%29.svg/1400px-Mapa_pol%C3%ADtico_de_la_Rep%C3%BAblica_de_El_Salvador_%282024_con_departamentos%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1785" data-file-height="1080" /></a> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:54px; top:82px"><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:474px; top:82px"><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:624px; top:400px"><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:174px; top:352px"><a href="/wiki/Pacific_Ocean" title="Pacific Ocean">Pacific Ocean</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:60px; top:190px"><a href="/wiki/Ahuachap%C3%A1n_Department" title="Ahuachapán Department">Ahuachapán</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:156px; top:130px"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Department" title="Santa Ana Department">Santa Ana</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:123px; top:238px"><a href="/wiki/Sonsonate_Department" title="Sonsonate Department">Sonsonate</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:204px; top:232px"><a href="/wiki/La_Libertad_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="La Libertad Department (El Salvador)">La Libertad</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:258px; top:112px"><a href="/wiki/Chalatenango_Department" title="Chalatenango Department">Chalatenango</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:294px; top:196px"><a href="/wiki/Cuscatl%C3%A1n_Department" title="Cuscatlán Department">Cuscatlán</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:261px; top:214px"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:312px; top:280px"><a href="/wiki/La_Paz_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="La Paz Department (El Salvador)">La Paz</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:372px; top:184px"><a href="/wiki/Caba%C3%B1as_Department" title="Cabañas Department">Cabañas</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:366px; top:238px"><a href="/wiki/San_Vicente_Department" title="San Vicente Department">San Vicente</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:414px; top:298px"><a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n_Department" title="Usulután Department">Usulután</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:492px; top:286px"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="San Miguel Department (El Salvador)">San Miguel</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:522px; top:202px"><a href="/wiki/Moraz%C3%A1n_Department" title="Morazán Department">Morazán</a></div> <div style="position:absolute; font-size:85%; left:576px; top:286px"><a href="/wiki/La_Uni%C3%B3n_Department" title="La Unión Department">La Unión</a></div> </div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=25" title="Edit section: Economy">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">Economy of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador,_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador%2C_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg/220px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador%2C_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador%2C_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg/330px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador%2C_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador%2C_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg/440px-GDP_per_capita_development_in_El_Salvador%2C_Guatemala_and_Honduras.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="850" data-file-height="600" /></a><figcaption>Historical GDP per capita development of El Salvador, Guatemala and Honduras</figcaption></figure> El Salvador's economy has been hampered at times by natural disasters such as earthquakes and hurricanes, by government policies that mandate large economic subsidies, and by official corruption. Subsidies became such a problem that in April 2012, the International Monetary Fund suspended a $750 million loan to the central government. President Funes' chief of cabinet, Alex Segovia, acknowledged that the economy was at the "point of collapse".<a href="#cite_note-124">[118]</a> Gross domestic product (<a href="/wiki/Gross_domestic_product" title="Gross domestic product">GDP</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Purchasing_power_parity" title="Purchasing power parity">purchasing power parity</a> estimate for 2021 is US$57.95 billion growing real GDP at 4.2% for 2021.<a href="#cite_note-IMFWEOSV-125">[119]</a> The service sector is the largest component of GDP at 64.1%, followed by the industrial sector at 24.7% (2008 est.) and agriculture represents 11.2% of GDP (2010 est.). The GDP grew after 1996 at an annual rate that averaged 3.2% real growth. The government committed to free market initiatives and the 2007 GDP's real growth rate hit 4.7%.<a href="#cite_note-126">[120]</a> As of December 2017, net <a href="/wiki/Foreign_exchange_reserves" title="Foreign exchange reserves">international reserves</a> stood at $3.57 billion.<a href="#cite_note-127">[121]</a> It has long been a challenge in El Salvador to develop new growth sectors for a more diversified economy. In the past, the country produced gold and silver,<a href="#cite_note-128">[122]</a> but recent attempts to reopen the mining sector, which were expected to add hundreds of millions of dollars to the local economy, collapsed after President Saca shut down the operations of <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Rim_Mining_Corporation" title="Pacific Rim Mining Corporation">Pacific Rim Mining Corporation</a>. Nevertheless, according to the Central American Institute for Fiscal Studies (Instituto Centroamericano for Estudios Fiscales), the contribution of metallic mining was a minuscule 0.3% of the country's GDP between 2010 and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-129">[123]</a> Saca's decision although not lacking political motives, had strong support from local residents and grassroots movements in the country. President Funes later rejected a company's application for a further permit based on the risk of cyanide contamination on one of the country's main rivers.<a href="#cite_note-130">[124]</a> As with other former colonies, El Salvador was considered a mono-export economy (an economy that depended heavily on one type of export) for many years. During colonial times, El Salvador was a thriving exporter of <a href="/wiki/Indigo_dye" title="Indigo dye">indigo</a>, but after the invention of synthetic dyes in the 19th century, the newly created modern state turned to <a href="/wiki/Coffee" title="Coffee">coffee</a> as the main export. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png/220px-San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png/330px-San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png/440px-San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="421" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador" title="San Miguel, El Salvador">San Miguel</a> is an important economic centre of El Salvador and home to the "Carnival of San Miguel", one of the biggest festivals of entertainment and food in Central America.<a href="#cite_note-Herrera-Sobek2012-131">[125]</a></figcaption></figure> The government has sought to improve the collection of its current revenues, with a focus on indirect taxes. A 10% <a href="/wiki/Value-added_tax" title="Value-added tax">value-added tax</a> (IVA in Spanish), implemented in September 1992, was raised to 13% in July 1995. Inflation has been steady and among the lowest in the region. As a result of the free trade agreements, from 2000 to 2006, total exports have grown 19% from $2.94 billion to $3.51 billion, and total imports have risen 54% from $4.95 billion to $7.63 billion. This has resulted in a 102% increase in the trade deficit, from $2.01 billion to $4.12 billion.<a href="#cite_note-132">[126]</a> In 2006, El Salvador was the first country to ratify the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement (<a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic%E2%80%93Central_America_Free_Trade_Agreement" title="Dominican Republic–Central America Free Trade Agreement">CAFTA</a>) — negotiated by the five countries of Central America and the <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Republic" title="Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a> — with the United States. CAFTA requires that the Salvadoran government adopt policies that foster <a href="/wiki/Free_trade" title="Free trade">free trade</a>. CAFTA has bolstered exports of processed foods, sugar, and ethanol, and supported investment in the apparel sector, which faced Asian competition with the expiration of the <a href="/wiki/Multi_Fibre_Arrangement" title="Multi Fibre Arrangement">Multi Fibre Arrangement</a> in 2005. In anticipation of the declines in the apparel sector's competitiveness, the previous administration sought to diversify the economy by promoting the country as a regional distribution and logistics hub, and by promoting tourism investment through tax incentives. In June 2021, President <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a> said he would introduce legislation to make <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin" title="Bitcoin">Bitcoin</a> <a href="/wiki/Legal_tender" title="Legal tender">legal tender</a> in El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-cnbc20210605-133">[127]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_Law" title="Bitcoin Law">Bitcoin Law</a> was passed by the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly of El Salvador</a> on 9 June 2021. Bitcoin officially became a legal tender on 7 September 2021.<a href="#cite_note-134">[128]</a><a href="#cite_note-135">[129]</a><a href="#cite_note-ft-136">[130]</a> As part of the law, foreigners can gain permanent residence in El Salvador if they invest 3 Bitcoin into the country.<a href="#cite_note-137">[131]</a> The implementation of the law has been met with protests,<a href="#cite_note-138">[132]</a> with the majority of the country being against using Bitcoin as legal tender.<a href="#cite_note-139">[133]</a> According to a survey conducted by the Salvadoran Chamber of Commerce, as of March 2022 only 14% of merchants in the country processed at least one Bitcoin transaction.<a href="#cite_note-Linea_2022-140">[134]</a> Since May 2024, an official government entity named the Bitcoin Office of El Salvador reports that the government holds 5,750 bitcoin (approximately $354 million circa May 2024) -- with nearly 474 bitcoin (approx $29 million circa May 2024) mined since September 2021 using geothermal energy from the Tecapa volcano.<a href="#cite_note-141">[135]</a> El Salvador leads the region in <a href="/wiki/Remittance" title="Remittance">remittances</a> per capita, with inflows equivalent to nearly all export income; in 2019 2.35 million Salvadorans lived in the U.S.<a href="#cite_note-142">[136]</a> and about a third of all households received remittances. Remittances from Salvadorans living in the United States, sent to family members in El Salvador, are a major source of foreign income and offset the trade deficit. Remittances have increased steadily since the early 2000s, growing from $3.32 billion, or approximately 16.2% of GDP in 2006,<a href="#cite_note-143">[137]</a> to nearly $6 billion (around 20% of GDP in 2019, one of the highest rates in the world, according to the World Bank.)<a href="#cite_note-144">[138]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Energy">Energy</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=26" title="Edit section: Energy">edit</a>]</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Capturadddassd.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Capturadddassd.png/220px-Capturadddassd.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="109" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Capturadddassd.png/330px-Capturadddassd.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/43/Capturadddassd.png/440px-Capturadddassd.png 2x" data-file-width="748" data-file-height="372" /></a><figcaption>The largest wind park in the Central American region is located in <a href="/wiki/Metap%C3%A1n" title="Metapán">Metapán</a>, El Salvador<a href="#cite_note-145">[139]</a></figcaption></figure> El Salvador's <a href="/wiki/Energy" title="Energy">energy</a> industry is diversified across, relying on <a href="/wiki/Fossil_fuel" title="Fossil fuel">fossil fuels</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydro</a>, other <a href="/wiki/Renewable_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Renewable Energy">renewables</a> (mainly <a href="/wiki/Geothermal_Energy" class="mw-redirect" title="Geothermal Energy">geothermal</a>) for local electricity production, along with a reliance on imports for <a href="/wiki/Petroleum" title="Petroleum">oil</a>. El Salvador has an installed capacity of 1,983 <a href="/wiki/Watt#Megawatt" title="Watt">MW</a> generating 5,830 <a href="/wiki/Watt#Gigawatt" title="Watt">GWh</a> of <a href="/wiki/Electricity" title="Electricity">electricity</a> per year, 84% of this comes from renewable sources including 26.85% from geothermal (produced from the country's many <a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador#Physical_features" title="Geography of El Salvador">volcanoes</a>), 29.92% from hydro and the rest is from fossil fuels.<a href="#cite_note-146">[140]</a><a href="#cite_note-147">[141]</a> According to the National Energy Commission, 94.4% of total injections during January 2021 came from hydroelectric plants (28.5% - 124.43 GWh), geothermal (27.3% - 119.07 GWh), biomass (24.4% 106.43 GWh), photovoltaic solar (10.6% - 46.44 GWh) and wind (3.6% - 15.67 GWh).<a href="#cite_note-148">[142]</a><a href="#cite_note-149">[143]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Telecommunications_and_media">Telecommunications and media</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=27" title="Edit section: Telecommunications and media">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">Telecommunications in El Salvador</a></div> El Salvador has 900,000 fixed telephone lines, 500,000 fixed broadband lines and 9.4 million mobile cellular subscriptions.<a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-150">[144]</a> Much of the population is able to access the <a href="/wiki/Internet" title="Internet">internet</a> through their smartphones and mobile networks, which liberal government regulation promotes mobile penetration over fixed line including the deployment of <a href="/wiki/5G" title="5G">5G</a> coverage (which testing of began in 2020).<a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-150">[144]</a> Transition to digital transmission of TV/radio networks was done in 2018 with the adaptation of the <a href="/wiki/ISDB-T_International" title="ISDB-T International">ISDB-T</a> standard. There are hundreds of privately owned national TV networks, cable TV networks (that also carry international channels), and radio stations available; while there is also 1 government owned broadcast station.<a href="#cite_note-cia.gov-150">[144]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Official_corruption_and_foreign_investment">Official corruption and foreign investment</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=28" title="Edit section: Official corruption and foreign investment">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_El_Salvador" title="Corruption in El Salvador">Corruption in El Salvador</a></div> In an analysis of ARENA's electoral defeat in 2009, the U.S. Embassy in San Salvador pointed to <a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_El_Salvador" title="Corruption in El Salvador">official corruption</a> under the Saca administration as a significant reason for public rejection of continued ARENA government.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] Subsequent policies under Funes administrations improved El Salvador to foreign investment, and the World Bank in 2014 rated El Salvador 109, a little better than Belize (118) and Nicaragua (119) in the World Bank's annual "<a href="/wiki/Ease_of_doing_business_index" title="Ease of doing business index">Ease of doing business</a>" index.<a href="#cite_note-151">[145]</a> As per Santander Trade, a Spanish think tank in foreign investment, "Foreign investment into El Salvador has been steadily growing during the last few years. In 2013, the influx of FDI increased. Nevertheless, El Salvador receives less FDI than other countries of Central America. The government has made little progress in terms of improving the business climate. In addition to this, the limited size of its domestic market, weak infrastructures and institutions, as well as the high level of criminality have been real obstacles to investors. However, El Salvador is the second most 'business friendly' country in South America in terms of business taxation. It also has a young and skilled labour force and a strategic geographical position. The country's membership in the DR-CAFTA, as well as its reinforced integration to the C4 countries (producers of cotton) should lead to an increase of FDI."<a href="#cite_note-152">[146]</a> Foreign companies have lately resorted to arbitration in international trade tribunals in total disagreement with Salvadoran government policies. In 2008, El Salvador sought international arbitration against Italy's Enel Green Power, on behalf of Salvadoran state-owned electric companies for a geothermal project Enel had invested in. Four years later, Enel indicated it would seek arbitration against El Salvador, blaming the government for technical problems that prevent it from completing its investment.<a href="#cite_note-153">[147]</a> The government came to its defence claiming that Art 109 of the constitution does not allow any government (regardless of the party they belong), to privatize the resources of the national soil (in this case geothermic energy). The dispute came to an end in December 2014 when both parties came to a settlement, from which no details have been released. The small country had yielded to pressure from the Washington-based powerful <a href="/wiki/International_Centre_for_Settlement_of_Investment_Disputes" title="International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes">ICSID</a>.<a href="#cite_note-154">[148]</a> The U.S. Embassy warned in 2009 that the Salvadoran government's populist policies of mandating artificially low electricity prices were damaging private sector profitability, including the interests of American investors in the energy sector.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] The U.S. Embassy noted the corruption of El Salvador's judicial system and quietly urged American businesses to include "arbitration clauses, preferably with a foreign venue", when doing business in the country.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In terms of how people perceived the levels of public corruption in 2014, El Salvador ranks 80 out of 175 countries as per the Corruption Perception Index.<a href="#cite_note-155">[149]</a> El Salvador's rating compares relatively well with Panama (94 of 175) and Costa Rica (47 of 175). <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Tourism">Tourism</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=29" title="Edit section: Tourism">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_El_Salvador" title="Tourism in El Salvador">Tourism in El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Palms_El_Salvador.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Palms_El_Salvador.JPG/220px-Palms_El_Salvador.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Palms_El_Salvador.JPG/330px-Palms_El_Salvador.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Palms_El_Salvador.JPG/440px-Palms_El_Salvador.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2160" data-file-height="1440" /></a><figcaption>Tropical beach at La Libertad</figcaption></figure> It was estimated that 1,394,000 international tourists visited El Salvador in 2014. Tourism contributed US$2970.1 million to El Salvador's GDP in 2019. This represented 11% of total GDP.<a href="#cite_note-wttc.org-156">[150]</a> Tourism directly supported 80,500 jobs in 2013. This represented 3.1% of total employment in El Salvador. In 2019, tourism indirectly supported 317,200 jobs, representing 11.6% of total employment in El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-wttc.org-156">[150]</a> Most North American and European tourists seek out El Salvador's beaches and nightlife. El Salvador's tourism landscape is slightly different from those of other Central American countries. Because of its geographic size and urbanization there are not many nature-themed tourist destinations such as ecotours or archaeological sites open to the public. Nonetheless, El Salvador remains best known for its beaches and volcanoes. The most frequently visited beaches include El Tunco, Punta Roca, El Sunzal, El Zonte beach, La Costa del Sol, El Majahual, and La Libertad beach. While the most hiked volcanoes are Santa Ana and Izalco.<a href="#cite_note-157">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-158">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-159">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Infrastructure">Infrastructure</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=30" title="Edit section: Infrastructure">edit</a>]</div> The level of access <a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_El_Salvador" title="Water supply and sanitation in El Salvador">to water supply and sanitation</a> has been increased significantly. A 2015 conducted study by the University of North Carolina called El Salvador the country that has achieved the greatest progress in the world in terms of increased access to water supply and sanitation and the reduction of inequity in access between urban and rural areas.<a href="#cite_note-160">[154]</a> However, water resources are seriously polluted and a large part of the wastewater discharged into the environment without any treatment. Institutionally a single public institution is both de facto in charge of setting sector policy and of being the main service provider. Attempts at reforming and modernizing the sector through new laws have not borne fruit over the past 20 years. <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg/220px-Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg/330px-Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5d/Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg/440px-Hospital_El_Salvador.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>Hospital El Salvador</figcaption></figure> In response to the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic, the government converted the country's main convention center into <a href="/wiki/Hospital_El_Salvador" title="Hospital El Salvador">Hospital El Salvador</a> to be the largest hospital in <a href="/wiki/Latin_America" title="Latin America">Latin America</a>. The facility was inaugurated by the president on 22 June 2020, at which time he announced the hospital conversion would be permanent because of the large investment made.<a href="#cite_note-lanotta-161">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-efe-162">[156]</a> US$25 million was spent on the first phase of the conversion of the former convention center,<a href="#cite_note-comercio-163">[157]</a> with the entire facility costing $75 million and featuring a blood bank, morgue, radiology area, among other amenities.<a href="#cite_note-efe-162">[156]</a><a href="#cite_note-comercio-163">[157]</a> The hospital will have a total capacity of 1,083 ICU beds and 2,000 beds total once phase 3 is completed.<a href="#cite_note-lanotta-161">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-164">[158]</a> The airport serving international flights in El Salvador is <a href="/wiki/Monse%C3%B1or_%C3%93scar_Arnulfo_Romero_International_Airport" class="mw-redirect" title="Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport">Monseñor Óscar Arnulfo Romero International Airport</a>. This airport is located about 40 km (25 mi) southeast of San Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-165">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=31" title="Edit section: Demographics">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_El_Salvador" title="Demographics of El Salvador">Demographics of El Salvador</a></div> El Salvador's population was 6,314,167 in 2021,<a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP-166">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-UN_WPP_2022-167">[161]</a> compared to 2,200,000 in 1950. In 2010 the percentage of the population below the age of 15 was 32.1%, 61% were between 15 and 65 years of age, while 6.9% were 65 years or older.<a href="#cite_note-WPP_2012-168">[162]</a> The capital city of San Salvador has a population of about 2.1 million people. An estimated 42% of El Salvador's population live in rural areas. <a href="/wiki/Urbanization" title="Urbanization">Urbanization</a> has expanded at a phenomenal rate in El Salvador since the 1960s, with millions moving to the cities and creating associated problems for urban planning and services. There are up to 100,000 Nicaraguans living in El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-169">[163]</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1219497266">.mw-parser-output .largestCities-table-background{background:#f9f9f9;color:#222}.mw-parser-output .largestCities-cell-background{background:#f0f0f0;color:#222}</style> <div> <table style="font-size:88%;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 100%; border: 1px solid darkgray;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="10" style="padding:0.3em 0.75em;"><div style="float:right; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div><div style="float:left; width:6em; height:2.6em"> </div> <div style="height:2.6em;line-height:1.3em;">Largest cities or towns in El Salvador <div style="display:inline;font-weight:normal;">2007 El Salvador Bureau of Statistics estimate<a href="#cite_note-3218.0-170">[164]</a></div></div> </th></tr> <tr> <th></th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_El_Salvador" title="Departments of El Salvador">Department</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador"> Pop.</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador">Rank</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador">Name</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_El_Salvador" title="Departments of El Salvador">Department</a> </th> <th><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador"> Pop.</a></th> <th> </th></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Salvador"><img alt="San Salvador" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png/120px-Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="70" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png/180px-Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/68/Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png/240px-Plaza-barrios-san-salvador.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="700" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a> <a href="/wiki/File:ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Santa Ana"><img alt="Santa Ana" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg/120px-ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg/180px-ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b7/ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg/240px-ES_Santa_Ana_06_2011_2482.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1000" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_El_Salvador" title="Santa Ana, El Salvador">Santa Ana</a> </td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">1</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador" title="San Salvador">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">540,989</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">11</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Col%C3%B3n,_La_Libertad" class="mw-redirect" title="Colón, La Libertad">Colón</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Libertad_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="La Libertad Department (El Salvador)">La Libertad</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">96,989 </td> <td rowspan="11" style="text-align: center"><a href="/wiki/File:Soyapango.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Soyapango"><img alt="Soyapango" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Soyapango.jpg/120px-Soyapango.jpg" decoding="async" width="120" height="90" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Soyapango.jpg/180px-Soyapango.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/Soyapango.jpg/240px-Soyapango.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="768" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Soyapango" title="Soyapango">Soyapango</a> <a href="/wiki/File:San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png" class="mw-file-description" title="San Miguel"><img alt="San Miguel" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png/120px-San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="80" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png/180px-San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png/240px-San_Miguel_El_Salvador.png 2x" data-file-width="628" data-file-height="421" /></a> <a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador" title="San Miguel, El Salvador">San Miguel</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">2</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana,_El_Salvador" title="Santa Ana, El Salvador">Santa Ana</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Department" title="Santa Ana Department">Santa Ana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">245,421</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">12</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Tonacatepeque" title="Tonacatepeque">Tonacatepeque</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">90,896 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">3</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Soyapango" title="Soyapango">Soyapango</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">241,403</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">13</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Opico" class="mw-redirect" title="Opico">Opico</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Libertad_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="La Libertad Department (El Salvador)">La Libertad</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">74,280 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">4</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel,_El_Salvador" title="San Miguel, El Salvador">San Miguel</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Miguel_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="San Miguel Department (El Salvador)">San Miguel</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">218,410</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">14</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Chalchuapa" title="Chalchuapa">Chalchuapa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Department" title="Santa Ana Department">Santa Ana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">74,038 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">5</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Tecla,_El_Salvador" title="Santa Tecla, El Salvador">Santa Tecla</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/La_Libertad_Department_(El_Salvador)" title="La Libertad Department (El Salvador)">La Libertad</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">164,171</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">15</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n" title="Usulután">Usulután</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Usulut%C3%A1n_Department" title="Usulután Department">Usulután</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">73,064 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">6</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Mejicanos" title="Mejicanos">Mejicanos</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">140,751</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">16</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Mart%C3%ADn,_San_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="San Martín, San Salvador">San Martín</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">72,758 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">7</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Apopa" title="Apopa">Apopa</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">131,286</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">17</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sonsonate,_El_Salvador" title="Sonsonate, El Salvador">Sonsonate</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sonsonate_Department" title="Sonsonate Department">Sonsonate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">71,541 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">8</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Delgado,_San_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Delgado, San Salvador">Delgado</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">120,200</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">18</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Izalco" title="Izalco">Izalco</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Sonsonate_Department" title="Sonsonate Department">Sonsonate</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">70,959 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">9</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ahuachap%C3%A1n" title="Ahuachapán">Ahuachapán</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ahuachap%C3%A1n_Department" title="Ahuachapán Department">Ahuachapán</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">110,511</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">19</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Cuscatancingo" title="Cuscatancingo">Cuscatancingo</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">66,400 </td></tr> <tr> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">10</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Ilopango" title="Ilopango">Ilopango</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/San_Salvador_Department" title="San Salvador Department">San Salvador</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">103,862</td> <td class="largestCities-cell-background" style="text-align:center;">20</td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Metap%C3%A1n" title="Metapán">Metapán</a></td> <td style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ana_Department" title="Santa Ana Department">Santa Ana</a></td> <td style="text-align:right;">65,826 </td></tr> </tbody></table></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups">Ethnic groups</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=32" title="Edit section: Ethnic groups">edit</a>]</div> Around 86% percent of Salvadorans identify as mestizo, or mixed Amerindian and European descent, 12.7% identify as being of full European ancestry, 0.1% identify as Afro-descended while about 0.6% do not identify with any of the aforementioned categories.<a href="#cite_note-El_Salvador_Census_2007-4">[2]</a> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#ddd"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Ethnic Groups in El Salvador</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Ethnic Groups</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Proportion</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Mestizo</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:darkgreen; width:86.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">86.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">White</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:purple; width:12.7%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">12.7%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Indigenous</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:0.23%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.23%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Black</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:black; width:0.13%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.13%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:0.64%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">0.64%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> Of the population, 0.23% report as fully indigenous. The ethnic groups are <a href="/wiki/Cacaopera_people" title="Cacaopera people">Kakawira</a> which represents 0.07% of the total country's population, <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Nahua</a> (0.06%), <a href="/wiki/Lenca_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Lenca people">Lenca</a> (0.04%) and other minor groups (0.06%). Very few Amerindians have retained their customs and traditions, having over time assimilated into the dominant mestizo culture.<a href="#cite_note-171">[165]</a> There is a small <a href="/wiki/Afro-Salvadorans" title="Afro-Salvadorans">Afro-Salvadoran</a> group that is 0.13% of the total population, with Blacks, among other races, having been prevented from immigrating via government policies in the early 20th century.<a href="#cite_note-172">[166]</a><a href="#cite_note-B-173">[167]</a> The descendants of enslaved Africans, however, had already integrated into the Salvadoran population and culture well before, during the colonial and post-colonial period.<a href="#cite_note-174">[168]</a> Among the immigrant groups in El Salvador, <a href="/wiki/Palestinian" class="mw-redirect" title="Palestinian">Palestinian</a> stand out.<a href="#cite_note-175">[169]</a> Though few in number, their descendants have attained great economic and political power in the country, as evidenced by the election of President <a href="/wiki/Antonio_Saca" title="Antonio Saca">Antonio Saca</a>, whose opponent in the 2004 election, <a href="/wiki/Schafik_Handal" class="mw-redirect" title="Schafik Handal">Schafik Handal</a>, was also of Palestinian descent, and the flourishing commercial, industrial, and construction firms owned by this ethnic group. The current President, <a href="/wiki/Nayib_Bukele" title="Nayib Bukele">Nayib Bukele</a>, is also of Palestinian descent. As of 2004<a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit">[update]</a>, there were approximately 3.2 million Salvadorans living outside El Salvador, with the United States traditionally being the destination of choice for Salvadoran economic migrants. By 2012, there were about 2.0 million Salvadoran immigrants and <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Americans" title="Salvadoran Americans">Americans of Salvadoran descent</a> in the U.S.,<a href="#cite_note-2012AmericanCommunitySurvey-176">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-177">[171]</a> making them the sixth largest immigrant group in the country.<a href="#cite_note-178">[172]</a> The second destination of Salvadorans living outside is Guatemala, with more than 111,000 persons, mainly in <a href="/wiki/Guatemala_City" title="Guatemala City">Guatemala City</a>. Salvadorans also live in other nearby countries, such as Belize, Honduras and Nicaragua.<a href="#cite_note-179">[173]</a> Other countries with notable Salvadoran communities include Canada, Mexico, the United Kingdom (including the Cayman Islands), Sweden, Brazil, Italy, and Colombia. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Languages">Languages</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=33" title="Edit section: Languages">edit</a>]</div> Spanish is the official language and is spoken by virtually all inhabitants, although a very small number (around 500) of indigenous <a href="/wiki/Pipil_people" title="Pipil people">Pipils</a> speak <a href="/wiki/Pipil_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pipil language">Nawat</a>. The other indigenous languages, namely <a href="/wiki/Poqomam_language" title="Poqomam language">Poqomam</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cacaopera_language" title="Cacaopera language">Cacaopera</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Lenca_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran Lenca language">Lenca</a>, are extinct. <a href="/wiki/Q%27eqchi%27_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Q'eqchi' language">Q'eqchi'</a> is spoken by indigenous immigrants of <a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemalan</a> and <a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belizean</a> origin living in El Salvador. The local Spanish <a href="/wiki/Vernacular" title="Vernacular">vernacular</a> is called <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Spanish" title="Salvadoran Spanish">Caliche</a>, which is considered informal. As in other regions of Central and South America, Salvadorans use <a href="/wiki/Voseo" title="Voseo">voseo</a>. This refers to the use of "vos" as the second person singular pronoun, instead of "tú". <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Religion">Religion</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=34" title="Edit section: Religion">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">Religion in El Salvador</a></div> <div class="notheme barbox tright" style="overflow-x: auto;"> <div style="border:1px solid silver; font-size:88%; padding:0.4em; width:auto; background: white; color: black;"> <table style="text-align:left; border-collapse:collapse; width:100%;"> <tbody><tr style="background:#DDD"><th style="text-align:center;" colspan="5">Religious background in El Salvador</th></tr> <tr style="font-size:88%; height:4px;"> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; text-align:left;">Religion</td> <td style="width:100px; text-align:left;"></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding:0 4px; width:1em; text-align:right;">Proportion</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Catholic" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholic">Catholic</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:red; width:43.3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">43.3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;"><a href="/wiki/Protestant" class="mw-redirect" title="Protestant">Protestant</a></td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:green; width:33.9%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">33.9%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">None</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:blue; width:18.6%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">18.6%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Other</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:orange; width:3%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">3%</td> </tr> <tr> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 0.4em; padding-right: 0.4em; min-width: 8em;">Agnostic/Atheist</td> <td style="width: 100px; border-left: solid 1px silver; border-right: solid 1px silver;"><div style="background:yellow; width:1.2%; overflow: hidden;"> </div></td> <td colspan="2" style="padding-left: 1.2em; padding-right: 0.4em; text-align: right;">1.2%</td> </tr> </tbody></table> </div> </div> The majority of the population in El Salvador is <a href="/wiki/Christians" title="Christians">Christian</a>. <a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholics</a> (43.3%) and <a href="/wiki/Protestantism" title="Protestantism">Protestants</a> (33.9%) are the two major religious groups in the country, with the Catholic Church the largest denomination.<a href="#cite_note-IRFR2012-180">[174]</a> Those not affiliated with any religious group amount to 18.6% of the population.<a href="#cite_note-IRFR2012-180">[174]</a> The remaining is that of 3% <a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hare_Krishnas" class="mw-redirect" title="Hare Krishnas">Hare Krishnas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_El_Salvador" title="Islam in El Salvador">Muslims</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jews" title="Jews">Jews</a>, <a href="/wiki/Buddhists" class="mw-redirect" title="Buddhists">Buddhists</a>, <a href="/wiki/Latter-day_Saints" class="mw-redirect" title="Latter-day Saints">Latter-day Saints</a>, and those adhering to indigenous religious beliefs, and 1.2% being made up of those who identify as agnostic or atheist <a href="#cite_note-IRFR2012-180">[174]</a> The number of evangelicals in the country is growing rapidly.<a href="#cite_note-181">[175]</a> <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a>, the first Salvadoran saint, was canonized by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Francis" title="Pope Francis">Pope Francis</a> on 14 October 2018. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=35" title="Edit section: Education">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Education_in_El_Salvador" title="Education in El Salvador">Education in El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg/220px-Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg/330px-Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg/440px-Asociaci%C3%B3n_Salvadore%C3%B1a_de_Astronom%C3%ADa_Observatorio_%22Dr._Prudencio_Llach%22.jpg 2x" data-file-width="6016" data-file-height="4000" /></a><figcaption>Dr. Prudencio Llach Observatory</figcaption></figure> The public education system in El Salvador is severely lacking in resources. Class sizes in public schools can be as large as 50 children per classroom. Salvadorans who can afford the cost often choose to send their children to private schools, which are regarded as being better-quality than public schools. Most private schools follow American, European or other advanced systems. Lower-income families are forced to rely on public education.<a href="#cite_note-182">[176]</a> Education in El Salvador is free through high school. After nine years of basic education (elementary–middle school), students have the option of a two-year high school or a three-year high school. A two-year high school prepares the student for transfer to a university. A three-year high school allows the student to graduate and enter the workforce in a vocational career, or to transfer to a university to further their education in their chosen field.<a href="#cite_note-183">[177]</a> <a href="/wiki/List_of_universities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of universities in El Salvador">Universities in El Salvador</a> include a central public institution, the <a href="/wiki/Universidad_de_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Universidad de El Salvador">Universidad de El Salvador</a>, and many other specialized private universities. El Salvador was ranked 98th in the <a href="/wiki/Global_Innovation_Index" title="Global Innovation Index">Global Innovation Index</a> in 2024, up from 108th in 2019.<a href="#cite_note-184">[178]</a><a href="#cite_note-185">[179]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Crime">Crime</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=36" title="Edit section: Crime">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Crime_in_El_Salvador" title="Crime in El Salvador">Crime in El Salvador</a></div> Since the early twenty-first century, El Salvador has experienced high crime rates, including gang-related crimes and <a href="/wiki/Juvenile_delinquency" title="Juvenile delinquency">juvenile delinquency</a>.<a href="#cite_note-186">[180]</a> El Salvador had the highest murder rate in the world in 2012 but experienced a sharp decline in 2019 with a new conservative government in power.<a href="#cite_note-187">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-188">[182]</a> It is also considered an epicentre of a gang crisis, along with Guatemala and Honduras.<a href="#cite_note-FAS-189">[183]</a> Several journalistic investigations indicate that the government administrations of <a href="/wiki/Mauricio_Funes" title="Mauricio Funes">Carlos Mauricio Funes Cartagena</a><a href="#cite_note-190">[184]</a> and <a href="/wiki/Salvador_S%C3%A1nchez_Cer%C3%A9n" title="Salvador Sánchez Cerén">Salvador Sánchez Cerén</a>,<a href="#cite_note-191">[185]</a> far from working to eradicate violence and the actions of gang groups, made truces with the gangs Barrio 18 and Mara Salvatrucha<a href="#cite_note-192">[186]</a> to keep a certain control over criminal activities and murders in the Salvadoran territory. In response to this, the government has set up countless programs to try to guide the youth away from gang membership; so far its efforts have not produced any quick results. One of the government programs was a gang reform called "<a href="/wiki/La_Mano_Dura" title="La Mano Dura">Super Mano Dura</a>" (Super Firm Hand). Super Mano Dura had little success and was highly criticized by the United Nations. It experienced temporary success in 2004 but there was a rise in crime after 2005. In 2004, there were 41 intentional homicides per 100,000 citizens, with 60% of the homicides committed being gang-related.<a href="#cite_note-FAS-189">[183]</a> In 2012, the homicide rate had increased to 66 per 100,000 inhabitants, more than triple the rate in Mexico.<a href="#cite_note-NYRB-193">[187]</a><a href="#cite_note-194">[188]</a><a href="#cite_note-195">[189]</a> In 2011 there were an estimated 25,000 gang members at large in El Salvador, with another 9,000 in prison.<a href="#cite_note-NYRB-193">[187]</a> The most well-known gangs, called "<a href="/wiki/Mara_(gang)" title="Mara (gang)">maras</a>" in colloquial Spanish, are <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">Mara Salvatrucha</a> and their rivals <a href="/wiki/18th_Street_gang" title="18th Street gang">Barrio 18</a>. Maras are hunted by <a href="/wiki/Death_squad" title="Death squad">death squads</a> including <a href="/wiki/Sombra_Negra" title="Sombra Negra">Sombra Negra</a>.<a href="#cite_note-196">[190]</a> In 2015, there were 6,650 homicides recorded in El Salvador.<a href="#cite_note-197">[191]</a> In 2016, at least 5,728 people were murdered.<a href="#cite_note-198">[192]</a> In 2017, there were 3,962 recorded homicides.<a href="#cite_note-199">[193]</a> In 2018, there were 3,348 recorded deaths.[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed">citation needed</a>] In 2019, authorities reported a total of 2,365 homicides.<a href="#cite_note-200">[194]</a> In 2020, there were only 1,322 reported homicides.<a href="#cite_note-201">[195]</a> In 2021, the country recorded 1,140 homicides.<a href="#cite_note-202">[196]</a> According to official data, 2021 had the lowest number of recorded murders since the end of the civil war in 1992. By 2022, El Salvador had a homicide rate of 7.8 per 100,000 individuals.<a href="#cite_note-203">[197]</a> On 10 May 2023, President Nayib Bukele stated on Twitter that El Salvador had completed one full year or 365 days since 2019 without a single homicide occurring. This announcement was accompanied by a video detailing his government's claims about this dramatic change in the occurrences of homicide.<a href="#cite_note-204">[198]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022_crackdown_on_gangs">2022 crackdown on gangs</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=37" title="Edit section: 2022 crackdown on gangs">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/2022_Salvadoran_gang_crackdown" class="mw-redirect" title="2022 Salvadoran gang crackdown">2022 Salvadoran gang crackdown</a></div> Beginning on 25 March 2022, three days of gang-related violence occurred that left 87 people dead.<a href="#cite_note-france24.com-205">[199]</a> In response, President Bukele asked the Salvadoran parliament to ratify a state of emergency.<a href="#cite_note-206">[200]</a> On 26 March, Bukele also ordered the police and army to initiate mass-arrests against those responsible for the violence. A day later, <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Congress</a> approved a "<a href="/wiki/State_of_emergency" title="State of emergency">State of Emergency</a>" that gives legal coverage to arrest any citizen suspected to be a gang member even with no proof. In addition, Congress also approved reforms to increase the maximum sentence for gang membership from 9 to 45 years in prison and punish the dissemination of gang messages, including independent journalism talking about the gang crisis, with up to 15 years in prison. The law was directed against those who "mark" their territories with acronyms of the gangs, a practice that gang members use to intimidate, and threaten with death those who denounce them to the authorities. The Directorate of Penal Centers began to erase the graffiti that the gangs use to mark the territory in which they operate. The <a href="/wiki/MS-13" title="MS-13">Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13)</a> and <a href="/wiki/18th_Street_gang" title="18th Street gang">Barrio 18 gangs</a>, among others, were estimated in 2022 to have around some 70,000 members, and as of August 2023, around 72,000 suspected gang members have been sent to prison as a part of the government crackdown on the gangs.<a href="#cite_note-207">[201]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Culture">Culture</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=38" title="Edit section: Culture">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Salvador" title="Culture of El Salvador">Culture of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:SalvadorDelMundo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/SalvadorDelMundo.jpg/170px-SalvadorDelMundo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="266" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/SalvadorDelMundo.jpg/255px-SalvadorDelMundo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/13/SalvadorDelMundo.jpg/340px-SalvadorDelMundo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="409" data-file-height="640" /></a><figcaption>The iconic statue of Christ on the globe sphere of planet earth is part of the <a href="/wiki/Monumento_al_Divino_Salvador_del_Mundo" title="Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo">Monumento al Divino Salvador del Mundo</a> ('Monument to the Divine Saviour of the World') on Plaza El Salvador del Mundo ('The Saviour of the World Plaza'), a landmark located in the country's capital, San Salvador.</figcaption></figure> Pulling from indigenous, colonial Spanish and African influences, a composite population was formed as a result of intermarrying between the natives, European settlers, and enslaved Africans. The Catholic Church plays an important role in the Salvadoran culture. Archbishop <a href="/wiki/%C3%93scar_Romero" title="Óscar Romero">Óscar Romero</a> is a national hero for his role in resisting human rights violations that were occurring in the lead-up to the Salvadoran Civil War.<a href="#cite_note-Eaton-208">[202]</a> Significant foreign personalities in El Salvador were the Jesuit priests and professors <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Ellacur%C3%ADa" title="Ignacio Ellacuría">Ignacio Ellacuría</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ignacio_Mart%C3%ADn-Bar%C3%B3" title="Ignacio Martín-Baró">Ignacio Martín-Baró</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Segundo_Montes" title="Segundo Montes">Segundo Montes</a>, who were murdered in 1989 by the Salvadoran Army during the height of the civil war. Painting, ceramics and textiles are the principal manual artistic mediums. Writers <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Gavidia" title="Francisco Gavidia">Francisco Gavidia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salarru%C3%A9" title="Salarrué">Salarrué</a> (Salvador Salazar Arrué), <a href="/wiki/Claudia_Lars" title="Claudia Lars">Claudia Lars</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alfredo_Espino" title="Alfredo Espino">Alfredo Espino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pedro_Geoffroy_Rivas" title="Pedro Geoffroy Rivas">Pedro Geoffroy Rivas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Manlio_Argueta" title="Manlio Argueta">Manlio Argueta</a>, <a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Roberto_Cea" title="José Roberto Cea">José Roberto Cea</a>, and poet <a href="/wiki/Roque_Dalton" title="Roque Dalton">Roque Dalton</a> are important writers from El Salvador. Notable 20th-century personages include the late filmmaker Baltasar Polio, female film director <a href="/wiki/Patricia_Chica" title="Patricia Chica">Patricia Chica</a>, artist <a href="/wiki/Fernando_Llort" title="Fernando Llort">Fernando Llort</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Caricaturist" class="mw-redirect" title="Caricaturist">caricaturist</a> <a href="/wiki/To%C3%B1o_Salazar" title="Toño Salazar">Toño Salazar</a>. Among the more renowned representatives of the graphic arts are the painters <a href="/wiki/Studio_Lenca" title="Studio Lenca">Studio Lenca</a>, <a href="/wiki/Augusto_Crespin" title="Augusto Crespin">Augusto Crespin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Noe_Canjura" title="Noe Canjura">Noe Canjura</a>, <a href="/wiki/Carlos_Ca%C3%B1as" title="Carlos Cañas">Carlos Cañas</a>, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Gil" title="Giovanni Gil">Giovanni Gil</a>, Julia Díaz, Mauricio Mejia, Maria Elena Palomo de Mejia, <a href="/wiki/Camilo_Minero" title="Camilo Minero">Camilo Minero</a>, Ricardo Carbonell, Roberto Huezo, Miguel Angel Cerna, (the painter and writer better known as MACLo), Esael Araujo, and many others. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Cuisine">Cuisine</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=39" title="Edit section: Cuisine">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Salvadoran cuisine</a></div> One of El Salvador's notable dishes is the <a href="/wiki/Pupusa" title="Pupusa">pupusa</a>. Pupusas are handmade corn tortillas (made of <a href="/wiki/Masa" title="Masa">masa de maíz</a> or masa de arroz, a maize or rice flour dough used in <a href="/wiki/Latin_American_cuisine" title="Latin American cuisine">Latin American cuisine</a>) stuffed with one or more of the following: cheese (usually a soft Salvadoran cheese such as <a href="/wiki/Quesillo" title="Quesillo">quesillo</a>, similar to mozzarella), <a href="/wiki/Chicharr%C3%B3n" title="Chicharrón">chicharrón</a>, or <a href="/wiki/Refried_beans" title="Refried beans">refried beans</a>. Sometimes the filling is queso con loroco (cheese combined with <a href="/wiki/Loroco" class="mw-redirect" title="Loroco">loroco</a>, a vine flower bud native to Central America).<a href="#cite_note-Elsalvador.com-209">[203]</a> Pupusas revueltas are pupusas filled with beans, cheese and pork. There are also vegetarian options. Some adventurous restaurants even offer pupusas stuffed with shrimp or spinach. The name pupusa comes from the Pipil-Nahuatl word, pupushahua. The origins of the pupusa are debated, although its presence in El Salvador is known to predate the arrival of the Spaniards.<a href="#cite_note-Elsalvador.com-209">[203]</a> In El Salvador, the pupusa is considered a Mesoamerican ancestral legacy and the most popular dish nationally. It has been designated as the "National Dish of El Salvador" via the Legislative Decree no. 655 in the Salvadoran Constitution. The decree also indicates that every second Sunday in November, the country will celebrate the "National Day of the Pupusas".<a href="#cite_note-210">[204]</a> Two other typical Salvadoran dishes are yuca frita and panes con pollo. Yuca frita is deep fried <a href="/wiki/Cassava" title="Cassava">cassava</a> root served with <a href="/wiki/Curtido" title="Curtido">curtido</a> (a pickled cabbage, onion and carrot topping) and pork rinds with pescaditas (fried baby sardines). Yuca is sometimes served boiled instead of fried. Pan con pollo/pavo (bread with chicken/turkey) are warm turkey or chicken-filled submarine sandwiches. The bird is marinated and then roasted with spices and hand-pulled. This sandwich is traditionally served with tomato and watercress along with cucumber, onion, lettuce, mayonnaise, and mustard.<figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg/220px-Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg/330px-Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3d/Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg/440px-Plain_pupusas_revueltas.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3008" data-file-height="2000" /></a><figcaption>Pupusas, the national and most famous dish of El Salvador.</figcaption></figure> One of El Salvador's typical breakfasts is fried plantain, usually served with cream. It is common in Salvadoran restaurants and homes, including those of immigrants to the United States. <a href="/wiki/Alguashte" title="Alguashte">Alguashte</a>, a condiment made from dried, ground <a href="/wiki/Pepitas" class="mw-redirect" title="Pepitas">pepitas</a>, is commonly incorporated into savoury and sweet Salvadoran dishes. "Maria Luisa" is a dessert commonly found in El Salvador. It is a layered cake that is soaked in orange marmalade and sprinkled with powdered sugar. One of the most popular desserts is the cake Pastel de tres leches (Cake of three milks), consisting of three types of milk: evaporated milk, condensed milk, and cream. A popular drink that Salvadorans enjoy is <a href="/wiki/Horchata" title="Horchata">horchata</a>. Horchata is most commonly made of the <a href="/wiki/Morro_seed" class="mw-redirect" title="Morro seed">morro seed</a> ground into a powder and added to milk or water, and sugar. Horchata is drunk year-round, and can be drunk at any time of day. It mostly is accompanied by a plate of pupusas or fried yuca. Horchata from El Salvador has a very distinct taste and is not to be confused with Mexican horchata, which is rice-based. Coffee is also a common morning beverage. Other popular drinks in El Salvador include ensalada, a drink made of chopped fruit swimming in fruit juice, and Kolachampan, a sugar cane-flavoured carbonated beverage. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Music">Music</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=40" title="Edit section: Music">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">Music of El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._(24055587303).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._%2824055587303%29.jpg/220px-Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._%2824055587303%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._%2824055587303%29.jpg/330px-Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._%2824055587303%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3f/Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._%2824055587303%29.jpg/440px-Debut_de_la_Compa%C3%B1ia_Infantil_de_Teatro_La_Colmenita_de_El_Salvador._%2824055587303%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5472" data-file-height="3648" /></a><figcaption> <a href="/wiki/%C3%81lvaro_Torres" title="Álvaro Torres">Álvaro Torres</a> is one of the most famous Salvadoran singers mainly in the Latin pop genre, romantic ballads and boleros.</figcaption></figure>Traditional Salvadoran music is a mixture of indigenous, Spanish, and African influences. It includes religious songs (mostly used to celebrate Christmas and other holidays, especially feast days of the saints). Other musical repertoire consists of danza, pasillo, marcha and cancione which are composed of parading bands, street performances, or onstage dances, either in groups or paired. Satirical and rural lyrical themes are common. Traditional instruments used are the <a href="/wiki/Marimba" title="Marimba">marimba</a>, tepehuaste, flutes, drums, <a href="/wiki/G%C3%BCiro" title="Güiro">scrapers</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gourd" title="Gourd">gourds</a>, as well as guitars among others. El Salvador's well known folk dance is known as <a href="/wiki/Xuc" title="Xuc">Xuc</a> which originated in <a href="/wiki/Cojutepeque" title="Cojutepeque">Cojutepeque</a>, Cuscatlan. Caribbean, Colombian, and Mexican music has become customary listening radio and party in the country, especially boleros, cumbia, merengue, Latin pop, salsa, bachata, and reggaeton. <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sport">Sport</h3>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=41" title="Edit section: Sport">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Sport_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in El Salvador">Sport in El Salvador</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg/220px-Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg/330px-Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg/440px-Monumental_Estadio_Cuscatlan.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3968" data-file-height="2976" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Cuscatl%C3%A1n" title="Estadio Cuscatlán">Estadio Cuscatlán</a> in San Salvador is the largest stadium in Central America</figcaption></figure> <a href="/wiki/Association_football" title="Association football">Football</a> is the most popular sport in El Salvador. The <a href="/wiki/El_Salvador_national_football_team" title="El Salvador national football team">El Salvador national football team</a> qualified for the <a href="/wiki/FIFA_World_Cup" title="FIFA World Cup">FIFA World Cup</a> in <a href="/wiki/1970_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1970 FIFA World Cup">1970</a> and <a href="/wiki/1982_FIFA_World_Cup" title="1982 FIFA World Cup">1982</a>. Their qualification for the 1970 tournament was marred by the <a href="/wiki/Football_War" title="Football War">Football War</a>, a war against <a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a>, whose team El Salvador's had defeated. The national football team play at the <a href="/wiki/Estadio_Cuscatl%C3%A1n" title="Estadio Cuscatlán">Estadio Cuscatlán</a> in San Salvador. It opened in 1976 and seats 53,400, making it the largest stadium in Central America and the Caribbean.<a href="#cite_note-211">[205]</a><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=42" title="Edit section: See also">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239009302">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/32px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="18" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/48px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg/64px-Flag_of_El_Salvador.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1005" data-file-height="567" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:El_Salvador" title="Portal:El Salvador">El Salvador portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><a href="/wiki/File:Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg/32px-Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg/48px-Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg/64px-Age_of_consent_-_Central_America.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="419" /></a><a href="/wiki/Portal:Central_America" title="Portal:Central America">Central America portal</a></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-Latin_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /><a href="/wiki/Portal:Latin_America" title="Portal:Latin America">Latin America portal</a></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_El_Salvador%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of El Salvador–related articles">Index of El Salvador–related articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_El_Salvador" title="Outline of El Salvador">Outline of El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Salvadorans" title="List of Salvadorans">List of Salvadorans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Health_in_El_Salvador" title="Health in El Salvador">Health in El Salvador</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:right;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=43" title="Edit section: Notes">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-16"><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/ɛl ˈsælvədɔːr/</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/1\/13\/En-us-El_Salvador.ogg\/En-us-El_Salvador.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-us-El Salvador.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/1/13/En-us-El_Salvador.ogg/En-us-El_Salvador.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:En-us-El_Salvador.ogg" title="File:En-us-El Salvador.ogg">ⓘ</a>; <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style>Spanish: <a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/Spanish" title="Help:IPA/Spanish">[el salβaˈðoɾ]</a> <span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-2" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/e\/e5\/ES-pe_-_El_Salvador.ogg\/ES-pe_-_El_Salvador.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"ES-pe - El Salvador.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/e/e5/ES-pe_-_El_Salvador.ogg/ES-pe_-_El_Salvador.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"></a><a href="/wiki/File:ES-pe_-_El_Salvador.ogg" title="File:ES-pe - El Salvador.ogg">ⓘ</a>, meaning "<a href="/wiki/Jesus" title="Jesus">The Saviour</a>" </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a> <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>: República de El Salvador </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=44" title="Edit section: References">edit</a>]</div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240224220905/https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf">"Constitución de la República de El Salvador (1983), art. 62"</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/sites/default/files/documents/decretos/69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 24 February 2024. Retrieved 30 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Constituci%C3%B3n+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+El+Salvador+%281983%29%2C+art.+62&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.asamblea.gob.sv%2Fsites%2Fdefault%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fdecretos%2F69A06B07-4F30-4F0E-8FB1-D664A3E6D8CC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-El_Salvador_Census_2007-4">^ <a href="#cite_ref-El_Salvador_Census_2007_4-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-El_Salvador_Census_2007_4-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20191220071530/http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/biblioteca/CENSOS/CENAPOVI2007/Tomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf">"VI Censo de población y V de vivienda 2007"</a> (PDF) (in Spanish). Dirección General de Estadística y Censos. p. 336. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digestyc.gob.sv/biblioteca/CENSOS/CENAPOVI2007/Tomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 20 December 2019. Retrieved 6 January 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=VI+Censo+de+poblaci%C3%B3n+y+V+de+vivienda+2007&rft.pages=336&rft.pub=Direcci%C3%B3n+General+de+Estad%C3%ADstica+y+Censos&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digestyc.gob.sv%2Fbiblioteca%2FCENSOS%2FCENAPOVI2007%2FTomo_IV_Vol.I_Municipios_Caracteristicas_Generales.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-state2017-5"><a href="#cite_ref-state2017_5-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=281072">"International Religious Freedom Report for 2017: El Salvador"</a>. www.state.gov. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210606032924/https://2009-2017.state.gov/j/drl/rls/irf/religiousfreedom/index.htm?year=2017&dlid=281072">Archived</a> from the original on 6 June 2021. Retrieved 31 December 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.state.gov&rft.atitle=International+Religious+Freedom+Report+for+2017%3A+El+Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2F2009-2017.state.gov%2Fj%2Fdrl%2Frls%2Firf%2Freligiousfreedom%2Findex.htm%3Fyear%3D2017%26dlid%3D281072&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> For percentages it cites the Institute of Public Opinion of the University of Central America May 2017 survey. </li> <li id="cite_note-FitzGerald2014-6"><a href="#cite_ref-FitzGerald2014_6-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDavid_Scott_FitzGerald2014" class="citation book cs1">David Scott FitzGerald (22 April 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ldNoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA363">Culling the Masses</a>. Harvard University Press. p. 363. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-674-36967-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-674-36967-2"><bdi>978-0-674-36967-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110213917/https://books.google.com/books?id=ldNoAwAAQBAJ&pg=PA363#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culling+the+Masses&rft.pages=363&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=2014-04-22&rft.isbn=978-0-674-36967-2&rft.au=David+Scott+FitzGerald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DldNoAwAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA363&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-census-7">^ <a href="#cite_ref-census_7-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-census_7-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAlemán2024" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Alemán, Uveli (29 October 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diario.elmundo.sv/economia/el-salvador-tiene-mas-de-602-millones-se-habitantes-5-mas-que-hace-17-anos-segun-censo-de-poblacion">"El Salvador Tiene Más de 6.02 Millones de Habitantes, 5% Más que Hace 17 Años, Según Censo de Población"</a> [El Salvador Has More Than 6.02 Million Residents, 5% More Than 17 Years Ago, According to Population Census]. <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(El_Salvador)" title="El Mundo (El Salvador)">El Mundo</a> (in Spanish). Retrieved 29 October 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+Tiene+M%C3%A1s+de+6.02+Millones+de+Habitantes%2C+5%25+M%C3%A1s+que+Hace+17+A%C3%B1os%2C+Seg%C3%BAn+Censo+de+Poblaci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2024-10-29&rft.aulast=Alem%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Uveli&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiario.elmundo.sv%2Feconomia%2Fel-salvador-tiene-mas-de-602-millones-se-habitantes-5-mas-que-hace-17-anos-segun-censo-de-poblacion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IMFWEO.SV-8">^ <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SV_8-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SV_8-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SV_8-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-IMFWEO.SV_8-3">d</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2024/October/weo-report?c=253,&s=NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,&sy=1980&ey=2029&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">"World Economic Outlook Database, October 2024 Edition. (El Salvador)"</a>. IMF.org. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. 10 October 2024. Retrieved 9 November 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+October+2024+Edition.+%28El+Salvador%29&rft.date=2024-10-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2024%2FOctober%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D253%2C%26s%3DNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2C%26sy%3D1980%26ey%3D2029%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_url-status" title="Category:CS1 maint: url-status">link</a>) </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/field/gini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income/country-comparison/">"Gini Index coefficient"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. Retrieved 24 September 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Gini+Index+coefficient&rft.pub=The+World+Factbook&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Ffield%2Fgini-index-coefficient-distribution-of-family-income%2Fcountry-comparison%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">"Human Development Report 2023/2024"</a> (PDF). <a href="/wiki/United_Nations_Development_Programme" title="United Nations Development Programme">United Nations Development Programme</a>. 13 March 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240313164319/https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/global-report-document/hdr2023-24reporten.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 13 March 2024. Retrieved 13 March 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Human+Development+Report+2023%2F2024&rft.pub=United+Nations+Development+Programme&rft.date=2024-03-13&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdr.undp.org%2Fsystem%2Ffiles%2Fdocuments%2Fglobal-report-document%2Fhdr2023-24reporten.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708094105/http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html">"Main Aspects of the Law"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main+Aspects+of+the+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcr.gob.sv%2Fingles%2Fintegracion%2Fley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/el-salvador-bitcoin-1.6166977">"Bitcoin, now legal tender in El Salvador, greeted with tech problems, volatility concerns"</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBC_News" title="CBC News">CBC News</a>. <a href="/wiki/AP_News" class="mw-redirect" title="AP News">AP News</a>. 7 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912015801/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/el-salvador-bitcoin-1.6166977">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bitcoin%2C+now+legal+tender+in+El+Salvador%2C+greeted+with+tech+problems%2C+volatility+concerns&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cbc.ca%2Fnews%2Fworld%2Fel-salvador-bitcoin-1.6166977&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://globalnews.ca/news/8174307/bitcoin-price-el-salvador-legal-tender-debut/">"Bitcoin suffers hefty loss after chaotic El Salvador debut"</a>. Global News. Reuters. 8 September 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210912000601/https://globalnews.ca/news/8174307/bitcoin-price-el-salvador-legal-tender-debut/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 September 2021. Retrieved 12 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Bitcoin+suffers+hefty+loss+after+chaotic+El+Salvador+debut&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fglobalnews.ca%2Fnews%2F8174307%2Fbitcoin-price-el-salvador-legal-tender-debut%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190914063837/http://www.fundar.org.sv/e_joyadeceren.html">"Joya De Ceren Archaeological Park"</a>. FUNDAR. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fundar.org.sv/e_joyadeceren.html">the original</a> on 14 September 2019. Retrieved 4 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FUNDAR&rft.atitle=Joya+De+Ceren+Archaeological+Park&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fundar.org.sv%2Fe_joyadeceren.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1985" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Lyle (1985). The Pipil Language of El Salvador. Mouton Publishers. p. 9.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pipil+Language+of+El+Salvador&rft.pages=9&rft.pub=Mouton+Publishers&rft.date=1985&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKelly1996" class="citation book cs1">Kelly, Joyce (1996). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej1Ya6YDvpoC&q=olmec+stone+tazumal">An Archaeological Guide to Northern Central America: Belize, Guatemala, Honduras, and El Salvador</a>. University of Oklahoma Press. p. 288. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2861-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8061-2861-0"><bdi>978-0-8061-2861-0</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142627/https://books.google.com/books?id=Ej1Ya6YDvpoC&q=olmec+stone+tazumal#v=snippet&q=olmec%20stone%20tazumal&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 4 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=An+Archaeological+Guide+to+Northern+Central+America%3A+Belize%2C+Guatemala%2C+Honduras%2C+and+El+Salvador&rft.pages=288&rft.pub=University+of+Oklahoma+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=978-0-8061-2861-0&rft.aulast=Kelly&rft.aufirst=Joyce&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DEj1Ya6YDvpoC%26q%3Dolmec%2Bstone%2Btazumal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boland2001-21"><a href="#cite_ref-Boland2001_21-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoland2001" class="citation book cs1">Boland, Roy (1 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola">Culture and Customs of El Salvador</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola/page/2">2</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30620-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30620-4"><bdi>978-0-313-30620-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+El+Salvador&rft.pages=2&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30620-4&rft.aulast=Boland&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof00bola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-IhrieOropesa2011-22"><a href="#cite_ref-IhrieOropesa2011_22-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFIhrieOropesa2011" class="citation book cs1">Ihrie, Maureen; Oropesa, Salvador (20 October 2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zPDFHE_5besC&pg=PA332">World Literature in Spanish: An Encyclopedia [3 volumes]: An Encyclopedia</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 332. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08083-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-08083-8"><bdi>978-0-313-08083-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142632/https://books.google.com/books?id=zPDFHE_5besC&pg=PA332">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=World+Literature+in+Spanish%3A+An+Encyclopedia+%26%2391%3B3+volumes%26%2393%3B%3A+An+Encyclopedia&rft.pages=332&rft.pub=ABC-CLIO&rft.date=2011-10-20&rft.isbn=978-0-313-08083-8&rft.aulast=Ihrie&rft.aufirst=Maureen&rft.au=Oropesa%2C+Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DzPDFHE_5besC%26pg%3DPA332&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Haskin2012-23"><a href="#cite_ref-Haskin2012_23-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHaskin2012" class="citation book cs1">Haskin, Jeanne M. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=O9hr0Ze14H0C&pg=PA152">From Conflict to Crisis: The Danger of U.S. Actions</a>. Algora Publishing. p. 152. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-961-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-87586-961-2"><bdi>978-0-87586-961-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142623/https://books.google.com/books?id=O9hr0Ze14H0C&pg=PA152#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=From+Conflict+to+Crisis%3A+The+Danger+of+U.S.+Actions&rft.pages=152&rft.pub=Algora+Publishing&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-87586-961-2&rft.aulast=Haskin&rft.aufirst=Jeanne+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DO9hr0Ze14H0C%26pg%3DPA152&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-migrationPolicy2010-24"><a href="#cite_ref-migrationPolicy2010_24-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTerrazas2010" class="citation web cs1">Terrazas, Aaron Terrazas Aaron (5 January 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/salvadoran-immigrants-united-states-2008">"Salvadoran Immigrants in the United States in 2008"</a>. migrationpolicy.org. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142624/https://www.migrationpolicy.org/article/salvadoran-immigrants-united-states-2008">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 25 October 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=migrationpolicy.org&rft.atitle=Salvadoran+Immigrants+in+the+United+States+in+2008&rft.date=2010-01-05&rft.aulast=Terrazas&rft.aufirst=Aaron+Terrazas+Aaron&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.migrationpolicy.org%2Farticle%2Fsalvadoran-immigrants-united-states-2008&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Montgomery1995-25"><a href="#cite_ref-Montgomery1995_25-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTommie_Sue_Montgomery1995" class="citation book cs1">Tommie Sue Montgomery (1995). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=6xTklQxPGe8C&pg=PA27">Revolution in El Salvador: From Civil Strife to Civil Peace</a>. Westview Press. p. 27. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-0071-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8133-0071-9"><bdi>978-0-8133-0071-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Revolution+in+El+Salvador%3A+From+Civil+Strife+to+Civil+Peace&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=Westview+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=978-0-8133-0071-9&rft.au=Tommie+Sue+Montgomery&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D6xTklQxPGe8C%26pg%3DPA27&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Murray1997-26"><a href="#cite_ref-Murray1997_26-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMurray1997" class="citation book cs1">Murray, Kevin (1 January 1997). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elsalvadorpeaceo0000murr">El Salvador: Peace on Trial</a>. Oxfam. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/elsalvadorpeaceo0000murr/page/8">8</a>–. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-85598-361-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-85598-361-1"><bdi>978-0-85598-361-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Salvador%3A+Peace+on+Trial&rft.pages=8-&rft.pub=Oxfam&rft.date=1997-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-85598-361-1&rft.aulast=Murray&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Felsalvadorpeaceo0000murr&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Boland2001b-27"><a href="#cite_ref-Boland2001b_27-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBoland2001" class="citation book cs1">Boland, Roy (1 January 2001). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola">Culture and Customs of El Salvador</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/culturecustomsof00bola/page/8">8</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30620-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-30620-4"><bdi>978-0-313-30620-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Culture+and+Customs+of+El+Salvador&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2001-01-01&rft.isbn=978-0-313-30620-4&rft.aulast=Boland&rft.aufirst=Roy&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fculturecustomsof00bola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Pearcy2006-28"><a href="#cite_ref-Pearcy2006_28-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearcy2006" class="citation book cs1">Pearcy, Thomas L. (2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=BJRoO1VWCSYC&pg=PA43">The History of Central America</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32293-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-32293-8"><bdi>978-0-313-32293-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142732/https://books.google.com/books?id=BJRoO1VWCSYC&pg=PA43">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Central+America&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=978-0-313-32293-8&rft.aulast=Pearcy&rft.aufirst=Thomas+L.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DBJRoO1VWCSYC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FoleyHapipi2005-29"><a href="#cite_ref-FoleyHapipi2005_29-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFoleyHapipi2005" class="citation book cs1">Foley, Erin; Hapipi, Rafiz (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=PPwwabJIEdkC&pg=PA43">El Salvador</a>. Marshall Cavendish. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1967-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1967-9"><bdi>978-0-7614-1967-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110142730/https://books.google.com/books?id=PPwwabJIEdkC&pg=PA43#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+Salvador&rft.pages=43&rft.pub=Marshall+Cavendish&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=978-0-7614-1967-9&rft.aulast=Foley&rft.aufirst=Erin&rft.au=Hapipi%2C+Rafiz&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DPPwwabJIEdkC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070708094105/http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html">"Main Aspects of the Law"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/integracion/ley.html">the original</a> on 8 July 2007. Retrieved 8 July 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Main+Aspects+of+the+Law&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcr.gob.sv%2Fingles%2Fintegracion%2Fley.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> bcr.gob.sv </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarrera2021" class="citation web cs1">Barrera, Jose (15 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diario.elmundo.sv/el-salvador-esta-entre-las-10-economias-menos-complejas-para-hacer-negocios/">"El Salvador está entre las 10 economías menos complejas para hacer negocios"</a>. Diario El Mundo. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916040429/https://diario.elmundo.sv/el-salvador-esta-entre-las-10-economias-menos-complejas-para-hacer-negocios/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. Retrieved 19 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Salvador+est%C3%A1+entre+las+10+econom%C3%ADas+menos+complejas+para+hacer+negocios&rft.pub=Diario+El+Mundo&rft.date=2021-09-15&rft.aulast=Barrera&rft.aufirst=Jose&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiario.elmundo.sv%2Fel-salvador-esta-entre-las-10-economias-menos-complejas-para-hacer-negocios%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-el_nombre_El_Salvador-32"><a href="#cite_ref-el_nombre_El_Salvador_32-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://issuu.com/sec-sv/docs/el_nombre_de_el_salvador_fd686d53bef9b0">"Carlos Pérez Pineda y Óscar Meléndez, El nombre oficial de la República de El Salvador, Primera Edición, Dirección de Publicaciones e Impresos, San Salvador, El Salvador, 2015, p.37"</a>. 9 June 2015. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230406041018/https://issuu.com/sec-sv/docs/el_nombre_de_el_salvador_fd686d53bef9b0">Archived</a> from the original on 6 April 2023. Retrieved 14 January 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Carlos+P%C3%A9rez+Pineda+y+%C3%93scar+Mel%C3%A9ndez%2C+El+nombre+oficial+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+El+Salvador%2C+Primera+Edici%C3%B3n%2C+Direcci%C3%B3n+de+Publicaciones+e+Impresos%2C+San+Salvador%2C+El+Salvador%2C+2015%2C+p.37.&rft.date=2015-06-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fissuu.com%2Fsec-sv%2Fdocs%2Fel_nombre_de_el_salvador_fd686d53bef9b0&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Ejercicio_gobernar-33"><a href="#cite_ref-Ejercicio_gobernar_33-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrera_Mena2013" class="citation book cs1">Herrera Mena, Sajid Alfredo (2013). El ejercicio de gobernar: Del cabildo borbónico al ayuntamiento liberal. El Salvador colonial, 1750 - 1821. Publicacions de la Universitat Jaume I. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-84-15443-13-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-84-15443-13-1"><bdi>978-84-15443-13-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+ejercicio+de+gobernar%3A+Del+cabildo+borb%C3%B3nico+al+ayuntamiento+liberal.+El+Salvador+colonial%2C+1750+-+1821&rft.pub=Publicacions+de+la+Universitat+Jaume+I&rft.date=2013&rft.isbn=978-84-15443-13-1&rft.aulast=Herrera+Mena&rft.aufirst=Sajid+Alfredo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201111203357/http://www.cultura.gob.sv/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/El-nombre-de-El-Salvador.pdf">El nombre oficial de la República de El Salvador</a> (PDF). Gobierno de la República de El Salvador. 2015. pp. 11 & 26–28. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-99923-0-274-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-99923-0-274-3"><bdi>978-99923-0-274-3</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.cultura.gob.sv/wp-content/uploads/2016/02/El-nombre-de-El-Salvador.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 11 November 2020. Retrieved 6 September 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=El+nombre+oficial+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+El+Salvador&rft.pages=11+%26+26-28&rft.pub=Gobierno+de+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+El+Salvador&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-99923-0-274-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.cultura.gob.sv%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2016%2F02%2FEl-nombre-de-El-Salvador.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCisneros2005" class="citation journal cs1">Cisneros, Juan Carlos (30 December 2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sbpbrasil.org/revista/edicoes/8_3/cisneros.pdf">"New Pleistocene vertebrate fauna from El Salvador"</a> (PDF). Revista Brasileira de Paleontologia. 8 (3): 239–255. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.4072%2Frbp.2005.3.09">10.4072/rbp.2005.3.09</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1519-7530">1519-7530</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revista+Brasileira+de+Paleontologia&rft.atitle=New+Pleistocene+vertebrate+fauna+from+El+Salvador&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=3&rft.pages=239-255&rft.date=2005-12-30&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.4072%2Frbp.2005.3.09&rft.issn=1519-7530&rft.aulast=Cisneros&rft.aufirst=Juan+Carlos&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sbpbrasil.org%2Frevista%2Fedicoes%2F8_3%2Fcisneros.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a> Cisneros, J.C., 2008, The fossil mammals of El Salvador: New Mexico Museum of Natural History and Science Bulletin, 44, 375–380.   </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a> “Las tradiciones Clovis y Cola de Pescado en Centroamérica” Anales de la Academia de Geografía e Historia de Guatemala, LXXXVII (2012): 181-212. Guatemala, 2014. </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSzymański2020" class="citation journal cs1">Szymański, Jan (31 December 2020). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://estudioslatinoamericanos.pl/index.php/estudios/article/view/342">"Recent Research at San Isidro, El Salvador, in the Context of Southeastern Mesoamerican Archaeology"</a>. Estudios Latinoamericanos. 40: 5–32. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.36447%2Festudios2020.v40.art1">10.36447/estudios2020.v40.art1</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0137-3080">0137-3080</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Estudios+Latinoamericanos&rft.atitle=Recent+Research+at+San+Isidro%2C+El+Salvador%2C+in+the+Context+of+Southeastern+Mesoamerican+Archaeology&rft.volume=40&rft.pages=5-32&rft.date=2020-12-31&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.36447%2Festudios2020.v40.art1&rft.issn=0137-3080&rft.aulast=Szyma%C5%84ski&rft.aufirst=Jan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Festudioslatinoamericanos.pl%2Findex.php%2Festudios%2Farticle%2Fview%2F342&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDull2007" class="citation journal cs1">Dull, Robert A. (March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00527.x">"Evidence for Forest Clearance, Agriculture, and Human-Induced Erosion in Precolumbian El Salvador"</a>. Annals of the Association of American Geographers. 97 (1): 127–141. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2007.00527.x">10.1111/j.1467-8306.2007.00527.x</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0004-5608">0004-5608</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Annals+of+the+Association+of+American+Geographers&rft.atitle=Evidence+for+Forest+Clearance%2C+Agriculture%2C+and+Human-Induced+Erosion+in+Precolumbian+El+Salvador&rft.volume=97&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=127-141&rft.date=2007-03&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2007.00527.x&rft.issn=0004-5608&rft.aulast=Dull&rft.aufirst=Robert+A.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1111%2Fj.1467-8306.2007.00527.x&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a> Moraga, Regina, Elisa Mencos, Philippe Costa y Sébastien Perrot-Minnot 2010 La Relación entre Cara Sucia (El Salvador) y la zona de Cotzumalguapa (Guatemala): La perspectiva desde un análisis cerámico. En XXIII Simposio de Investigaciones Arqueológicas en Guatemala, 2009 (editado por B. Arroyo, A. Linares y L. Paiz), pp.1180-1192. Museo Nacional de Arqueología y Etnología, Guatemala (versión digital). </li> <li id="cite_note-Campbell1985-41"><a href="#cite_ref-Campbell1985_41-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCampbell1985" class="citation book cs1">Campbell, Lyle (1985). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NUKKQacUsPwC&pg=PA924">The Pipil Language of El Salvador</a>. Walter de Gruyter. pp. 924–925. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-89925-040-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-89925-040-3"><bdi>978-0-89925-040-3</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110213911/https://books.google.com/books?id=NUKKQacUsPwC&pg=PA924">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Pipil+Language+of+El+Salvador&rft.pages=924-925&rft.pub=Walter+de+Gruyter&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=978-0-89925-040-3&rft.aulast=Campbell&rft.aufirst=Lyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNUKKQacUsPwC%26pg%3DPA924&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Fowler1991-42"><a href="#cite_ref-Fowler1991_42-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilliam_R._Fowler,_Jr.1991" class="citation book cs1">William R. Fowler, Jr. (6 August 1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=_nN2rNywnWcC&pg=PA8">The Formation of Complex Society in Southeastern Mesoamerica</a>. CRC Press. p. 8. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-8831-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8493-8831-6"><bdi>978-0-8493-8831-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143138/https://books.google.com/books?id=_nN2rNywnWcC&pg=PA8#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Formation+of+Complex+Society+in+Southeastern+Mesoamerica&rft.pages=8&rft.pub=CRC+Press&rft.date=1991-08-06&rft.isbn=978-0-8493-8831-6&rft.au=William+R.+Fowler%2C+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D_nN2rNywnWcC%26pg%3DPA8&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cárdenas1950-43"><a href="#cite_ref-Cárdenas1950_43-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Luna_Cárdenas1950" class="citation book cs1">Juan Luna Cárdenas (1950). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=qspQAAAAMAAJ">Tratado de etimologías de la lengua aztekatl: para uso de profesores y estudiantes de historias de América y de México, de ciencias naturales y ciencias sociales de las escuela secundarias, normales y preparatorias</a>. U. Tl. I. Aztekatl. p. 27. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143140/https://books.google.com/books?id=qspQAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Tratado+de+etimolog%C3%ADas+de+la+lengua+aztekatl%3A+para+uso+de+profesores+y+estudiantes+de+historias+de+Am%C3%A9rica+y+de+M%C3%A9xico%2C+de+ciencias+naturales+y+ciencias+sociales+de+las+escuela+secundarias%2C+normales+y+preparatorias&rft.pages=27&rft.pub=U.+Tl.+I.+Aztekatl&rft.date=1950&rft.au=Juan+Luna+C%C3%A1rdenas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DqspQAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Baratta1951-44"><a href="#cite_ref-Baratta1951_44-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaría_de_Baratta1951" class="citation book cs1">María de Baratta (1951). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kqHYAAAAMAAJ">Cuzcatlán típico: ensayo sobre etnofonía de El Savator, folklore, folkwisa y folkway</a>. Ministerio de Cultura. p. 15. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143244/https://books.google.com/books?id=kqHYAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cuzcatl%C3%A1n+t%C3%ADpico%3A+ensayo+sobre+etnofon%C3%ADa+de+El+Savator%2C+folklore%2C+folkwisa+y+folkway&rft.pages=15&rft.pub=Ministerio+de+Cultura&rft.date=1951&rft.au=Mar%C3%ADa+de+Baratta&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkqHYAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Cárdenas1964-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Cárdenas1964_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJuan_Luna_Cárdenas1964" class="citation book cs1">Juan Luna Cárdenas (1964). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=RrcuAAAAYAAJ">Aztequismos en el español de México</a>. Secretaría de Educación Pública. p. 47. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143141/https://books.google.com/books?id=RrcuAAAAYAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aztequismos+en+el+espa%C3%B1ol+de+M%C3%A9xico&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Secretar%C3%ADa+de+Educaci%C3%B3n+P%C3%BAblica&rft.date=1964&rft.au=Juan+Luna+C%C3%A1rdenas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRrcuAAAAYAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOlson_Bruhns" class="citation web cs1">Olson Bruhns, Karen. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200220140910/http://userwww.sfsu.edu/kbruhns/cihuatan/welcome.html">"Cihuatan"</a>. Cihuatan: El Salvador's Ancient City. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://userwww.sfsu.edu/kbruhns/cihuatan/welcome.html">the original</a> on 20 February 2020. Retrieved 5 April 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Cihuatan%3A+El+Salvador%27s+Ancient+City&rft.atitle=Cihuatan&rft.aulast=Olson+Bruhns&rft.aufirst=Karen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fuserwww.sfsu.edu%2Fkbruhns%2Fcihuatan%2Fwelcome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Peters2005-47"><a href="#cite_ref-Peters2005_47-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStephanie_True_Peters2005" class="citation book cs1">Stephanie True Peters (2005). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=v0zEiM_hijsC&pg=PA13">Smallpox in the New World</a>. Marshall Cavendish. pp. 13–18. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1637-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7614-1637-1"><bdi>978-0-7614-1637-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143249/https://books.google.com/books?id=v0zEiM_hijsC&pg=PA13#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. 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Countryman Press. 4 October 2010. p. 36. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-58157-114-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-58157-114-1"><bdi>978-1-58157-114-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143140/https://books.google.com/books?id=b9Jm7PERatwC&pg=PA36#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 6 November 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Explorer%27s+Guide+El+Salvador%3A+A+Great+Destination&rft.pages=36&rft.pub=Countryman+Press&rft.date=2010-10-04&rft.isbn=978-1-58157-114-1&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Db9Jm7PERatwC%26pg%3DPA36&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Valdés2006-50"><a href="#cite_ref-Valdés2006_50-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGonzalo_Fernández_de_Oviedo_y_Valdés2006" class="citation book cs1">Gonzalo Fernández de Oviedo y Valdés (28 August 2006). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=shlqAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Andr%C3%A9s%20Ni%C3%B1o%22%20%22Petronila%22">Writing from the edge of the world: the memoirs of Darién, 1514–1527</a>. University of Alabama Press. p. 164. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-1518-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8173-1518-4"><bdi>978-0-8173-1518-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143256/https://books.google.com/books?id=shlqAAAAMAAJ&q=%22Andr%C3%A9s%20Ni%C3%B1o%22%20%22Petronila%22">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. 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Pan American Union. p. 182. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143803/https://books.google.com/books?id=7aobAAAAMAAJ&pg=PA182#v=onepage&q&f=false">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 4 January 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=El+Salvador&rft.btitle=Index+to+the+Bulletin+of+the+Pan+American+Union&rft.series=1-12&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Pan+American+Union&rft.date=1934&rft.au=Lily+de+Jongh+Osborne&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D7aobAAAAMAAJ%26pg%3DPA182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAmaroli1986" class="citation web cs1">Amaroli, Paul (1986). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200731030112/http://www.fundar.org.sv/referencias/buscacuscatlan.pdf">"En la Búsqueda de Cuscatlan"</a> (PDF). FUNDAR. 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Central America: Tipografía Nacional. p. 127. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/02933391">02933391</a>. Retrieved 26 April 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Efem%C3%A9rides+de+los+Hechos+Notables+Acaecidos+en+la+Rep%C3%BAblica+de+Centro-Am%C3%A9rica+Desde+el+A%C3%B1o+de+1821+Hasta+el+de+1842&rft.place=Central+America&rft.pages=127&rft.pub=Tipograf%C3%ADa+Nacional&rft.date=1895&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F02933391&rft.aulast=Marure&rft.aufirst=Alejandro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fefemeridesdeloshe00alejguat%2Fpage%2Fn11%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-57"><a href="#cite_ref-57">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1988" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Thomas P. (1988). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=uar_iWVhSaIC">Politics in Central America: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua</a>. Greenwood Publishing Group. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-275-92883-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-275-92883-4"><bdi>978-0-275-92883-4</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143657/https://books.google.com/books?id=uar_iWVhSaIC">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. Retrieved 29 July 2012 – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Politics+in+Central+America%3A+Guatemala%2C+El+Salvador%2C+Honduras%2C+and+Nicaragua&rft.pub=Greenwood+Publishing+Group&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-0-275-92883-4&rft.aulast=Anderson&rft.aufirst=Thomas+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Duar_iWVhSaIC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnderson1992" class="citation book cs1">Anderson, Thomas P. (1992). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w5xqAAAAMAAJ">Matanza: The 1932 "Slaughter" That Traumatized a Nation, Shaping US-Salvadoran Policy to This Day</a>. Curbstone Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-880684-04-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-880684-04-7"><bdi>978-1-880684-04-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143756/https://books.google.com/books?id=w5xqAAAAMAAJ">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. 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The Americas. 55 (2). <a href="/wiki/Greenville,_South_Carolina" title="Greenville, South Carolina">Greenville, South Carolina</a>: <a href="/wiki/Furman_University" title="Furman University">Furman University</a>: 204–239. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.2307%2F1008053">10.2307/1008053</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0003-1615">0003-1615</a>. <a href="/wiki/JSTOR_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="JSTOR (identifier)">JSTOR</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/1008053">1008053</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230102075904/https://www.cambridge.org/core/services/aop-cambridge-core/content/view/615B58195201C855F08807DB851AB74B/S0003161500027553a.pdf/in-search-of-the-party-the-communist-party-the-comintern-and-the-peasant-rebellion-of-1932-in-el-salvador-.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on 2 January 2023. 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Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=El+Salvador%27s+leader+wins+control+of+legislature+in+midterm+vote%3B+critics+fear+rising+authoritarianism&rft.aulast=Brigida&rft.aufirst=Anna-Catherine&rft.au=Sheridan%2C+Mary+Beth&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fworld%2Fthe_americas%2Fsalvador-bukele-legislative-midterm-election-authoritarian%2F2021%2F02%2F28%2F5f2ac302-77c9-11eb-8115-9ad5e9c02117_story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-centralamerica-82">^ <a href="#cite_ref-centralamerica_82-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-centralamerica_82-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDyde2021" class="citation web cs1">Dyde, James (1 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.centralamerica.com/opinion/el-salvador-legistlative-elections-2021/">"El Salvador Legislative Elections 2021"</a>. centralamerica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210413072002/https://www.centralamerica.com/opinion/el-salvador-legistlative-elections-2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 April 2021. Retrieved 27 March 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=centralamerica&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+Legislative+Elections+2021&rft.date=2021-03-01&rft.aulast=Dyde&rft.aufirst=James&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.centralamerica.com%2Fopinion%2Fel-salvador-legistlative-elections-2021%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-btcasamblea202106-83"><a href="#cite_ref-btcasamblea202106_83-0">^</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/node/11282">El Salvador, primer país del mundo en reconocer al Bitcoin como moneda de curso legal</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211222071910/https://www.asamblea.gob.sv/node/11282">Archived</a> 22 December 2021 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, 9 June 2021, official website of the <a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly of El Salvador</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-btcelsalvador20210608-84"><a href="#cite_ref-btcelsalvador20210608_84-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/oficialismo-aprobar-bitcoin-moneda-legal-el-salvador/846796/2021/">"Diputados oficialistas aprueban el Bitcoin como moneda de curso legal, ¿en qué consiste?"</a>. El Salvador. 8 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20211018183800/https://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/nacional/oficialismo-aprobar-bitcoin-moneda-legal-el-salvador/846796/2021/">Archived</a> from the original on 18 October 2021. 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Retrieved 13 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Pa%C3%ADs&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+expected+to+default+as+bitcoin+plummets&rft.date=2022-05-10&rft.aulast=Cota&rft.aufirst=Isabella&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fenglish.elpais.com%2Feconomy-and-business%2F2022-05-10%2Fel-salvador-expected-to-default-as-bitcoin-plummets.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-88"><a href="#cite_ref-88">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-60135552">"IMF urges El Salvador to remove bitcoin as legal tender"</a>. 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Retrieved 10 July 2021"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210809030312/https://asp.icc-cpi.int/en_menus/asp/states%20parties/latin%20american%20and%20caribbean%20states/Pages/latin%20american%20and%20caribbean%20states.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 9 August 2021. Retrieved 16 November 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Latin+American+and+Caribbean+State+Parties+to+the+Rome+Statute%2C+International+Criminal+Court.+Retrieved+10+July+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fasp.icc-cpi.int%2Fen_menus%2Fasp%2Fstates%2520parties%2Flatin%2520american%2520and%2520caribbean%2520states%2FPages%2Flatin%2520american%2520and%2520caribbean%2520states.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-118"><a href="#cite_ref-118">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEl_Abdallah2021" class="citation pressrelease cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">El Abdallah, Fadi (22 October 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=pr1620">"Vice President of El Salvador visits International Criminal Court"</a> (Press release) (in English and Spanish). Head of Public Affairs Unit, International Criminal Court. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220206130956/https://www.icc-cpi.int/Pages/item.aspx?name=pr1620">Archived</a> from the original on 6 February 2022. Retrieved 16 November 2021. <q>On 22 October 2021, H.E. Mr Félix Ulloa, Vice President of El Salvador, visited the International Criminal Court (ICC), where he was received by the President of the Court, Judge Piotr Hofmański, ICC Prosecutor Karim A.A. Khan QC and ICC Registrar Peter Lewis.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Vice+President+of+El+Salvador+visits+International+Criminal+Court&rft.pub=Head+of+Public+Affairs+Unit%2C+International+Criminal+Court&rft.date=2021-10-22&rft.aulast=El+Abdallah&rft.aufirst=Fadi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.icc-cpi.int%2FPages%2Fitem.aspx%3Fname%3Dpr1620&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-119"><a href="#cite_ref-119">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110429054839/http://www.amnestyusa.org/all-countries/el-salvador/page.do?id=1011148">"El Salvador Human Rights"</a>. Amnesty International. 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Retrieved 17 March 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Amnesty+International&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+Human+Rights&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.amnestyusa.org%2Fall-countries%2Fel-salvador%2Fpage.do%3Fid%3D1011148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-120"><a href="#cite_ref-120">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://apple.news/AELY_WYA9TxubvdEblX4flw">"Woman who suffered miscarriage sentenced to 30 years for aggravated homicide in El Salvador — The Independent"</a>. apple.news. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220513031850/https://apple.news/AELY_WYA9TxubvdEblX4flw">Archived</a> from the original on 13 May 2022. Retrieved 12 May 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=apple.news&rft.atitle=Woman+who+suffered+miscarriage+sentenced+to+30+years+for+aggravated+homicide+in+El+Salvador+%E2%80%94+The+Independent&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapple.news%2FAELY_WYA9TxubvdEblX4flw&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/indepth/features/2015/08/lgbt-el-salvador-beatings-intolerance-death-150805075132892.html">"LGBT in El Salvador: Beatings, intolerance, death"</a>. 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Retrieved 14 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al-Jazeera&rft.atitle=LGBT+in+El+Salvador%3A+Beatings%2C+intolerance%2C+death&rft.date=2015-08-12&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Findepth%2Ffeatures%2F2015%2F08%2Flgbt-el-salvador-beatings-intolerance-death-150805075132892.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-122"><a href="#cite_ref-122">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/article/us-latam-lgbt-rights/terrorized-at-home-central-americas-lgbt-people-to-flee-for-their-lives-report-idUSKBN1DR28O">"'Terrorized at home', Central America's LGBT people to flee for their lives: report"</a>. Reuters. 27 November 2017. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190426045942/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-latam-lgbt-rights/terrorized-at-home-central-americas-lgbt-people-to-flee-for-their-lives-report-idUSKBN1DR28O">Archived</a> from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 14 August 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=%27Terrorized+at+home%27%2C+Central+America%27s+LGBT+people+to+flee+for+their+lives%3A+report&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Farticle%2Fus-latam-lgbt-rights%2Fterrorized-at-home-central-americas-lgbt-people-to-flee-for-their-lives-report-idUSKBN1DR28O&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pewglobal.org-123"><a href="#cite_ref-pewglobal.org_123-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.equaldex.com/region/el-salvador">"LGBT Rights in El Salvador"</a>. equaldex.com.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=equaldex.com&rft.atitle=LGBT+Rights+in+El+Salvador&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.equaldex.com%2Fregion%2Fel-salvador&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-124"><a href="#cite_ref-124">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFQuintanilla2012" class="citation news cs1">Quintanilla, Lourdes (26 April 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120702214809/http://www.laprensagrafica.com/economia/nacional/259909-fmi-suspende-acuerdo-de-prestamo-con-el-pais.html">"FMI suspende acuerdo de préstamo con el país"</a>. La Prensa Grafica. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.laprensagrafica.com/economia/nacional/259909-fmi-suspende-acuerdo-de-prestamo-con-el-pais.html">the original</a> on 2 July 2012. 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IMF.org. <a href="/wiki/International_Monetary_Fund" title="International Monetary Fund">International Monetary Fund</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210709183151/https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/WEO/weo-database/2021/April/weo-report?c=253,&s=NGDP_RPCH,NGDPD,PPPGDP,NGDPDPC,PPPPC,LUR,&sy=2019&ey=2023&ssm=0&scsm=1&scc=0&ssd=1&ssc=0&sic=0&sort=country&ds=.&br=1">Archived</a> from the original on 9 July 2021. Retrieved 1 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=IMF.org&rft.atitle=World+Economic+Outlook+Database%2C+April+2021&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.imf.org%2Fen%2FPublications%2FWEO%2Fweo-database%2F2021%2FApril%2Fweo-report%3Fc%3D253%2C%26s%3DNGDP_RPCH%2CNGDPD%2CPPPGDP%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPPC%2CLUR%2C%26sy%3D2019%26ey%3D2023%26ssm%3D0%26scsm%3D1%26scc%3D0%26ssd%3D1%26ssc%3D0%26sic%3D0%26sort%3Dcountry%26ds%3D.%26br%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107150307/http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/estadisticas/sr_produccion.html">"Gross Domestic Product, annual rates, main economic sectors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Banco_Central_de_Reserva_de_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador">Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador</a>. 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July 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220321170220/https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador#economy">Archived</a> from the original on 21 March 2022. Retrieved 9 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+-+The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2022-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fel-salvador%2F%23economy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOancea2009" class="citation web cs1">Oancea, Dan (January 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110516031334/http://magazine.mining.com/Issues/0901/MiningCentralAmerica.pdf">"Mining in Central America"</a> (PDF). MINING.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://magazine.mining.com/Issues/0901/MiningCentralAmerica.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on 16 May 2011. 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Retrieved 3 January 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NACLA&rft.atitle=Pacific+Rim+Ruling+Threatens+El+Salvador%27s+National+Sovereignty&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnacla.org%2Fblog%2F2012%2F6%2F8%2Fpacific-rim-ruling-threatens-el-salvador%2525E2%252580%252599s-national-sovereignty&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Herrera-Sobek2012-131"><a href="#cite_ref-Herrera-Sobek2012_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHerrera-Sobek2012" class="citation book cs1">Herrera-Sobek, Maria (31 July 2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-tY62V1FIC&pg=PA459">Celebrating Latino Folklore</a>. ABC-CLIO. p. 459. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34340-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-313-34340-7"><bdi>978-0-313-34340-7</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240110143656/https://books.google.com/books?id=lY-tY62V1FIC&pg=PA459">Archived</a> from the original on 10 January 2024. 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CNBC. 5 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210605215745/https://www.msn.com/en-us/money/markets/el-salvador-hopes-to-becomes-the-world-s-first-country-to-adopt-bitcoin-as-legal-tender/ar-AAKK3CW">Archived</a> from the original on 5 June 2021. Retrieved 5 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=CNBC&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+looks+to+become+the+world%27s+first+country+to+adopt+bitcoin+as+legal+tender&rft.date=2021-06-05&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.msn.com%2Fen-us%2Fmoney%2Fmarkets%2Fel-salvador-hopes-to-becomes-the-world-s-first-country-to-adopt-bitcoin-as-legal-tender%2Far-AAKK3CW&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-134"><a href="#cite_ref-134">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPérez2021" class="citation web cs1">Pérez, Santiago (7 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-comes-to-el-salvador-first-country-to-adopt-crypto-as-national-currency-11631005200">"El Salvador Becomes First Country to Adopt Bitcoin as National Currency"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Wall_Street_Journal" title="The Wall Street Journal">The Wall Street Journal</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210907233833/https://www.wsj.com/articles/bitcoin-comes-to-el-salvador-first-country-to-adopt-crypto-as-national-currency-11631005200">Archived</a> from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Wall+Street+Journal&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+Becomes+First+Country+to+Adopt+Bitcoin+as+National+Currency&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft.aulast=P%C3%A9rez&rft.aufirst=Santiago&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wsj.com%2Farticles%2Fbitcoin-comes-to-el-salvador-first-country-to-adopt-crypto-as-national-currency-11631005200&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988">(subscription required) </li> <li id="cite_note-135"><a href="#cite_ref-135">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57398274">"Bitcoin: El Salvador makes cryptocurrency legal tender"</a>. BBC. 9 June 2021. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210623180912/https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-57398274">Archived</a> from the original on 23 June 2021. Retrieved 9 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Bitcoin%3A+El+Salvador+makes+cryptocurrency+legal+tender&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Fworld-latin-america-57398274&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ft-136"><a href="#cite_ref-ft_136-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWebberSzalay2021" class="citation web cs1">Webber, Jude; Szalay, Eva (9 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ft.com/content/7b5b1cc4-50bb-437f-aa16-f106d2dbc1c7">"El Salvador becomes first country to adopt bitcoin as legal tender"</a>. Financial Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221210/https://www.ft.com/content/7b5b1cc4-50bb-437f-aa16-f106d2dbc1c7">Archived</a> from the original on 10 December 2022. Retrieved 9 June 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=El+Salvador+becomes+first+country+to+adopt+bitcoin+as+legal+tender&rft.pub=Financial+Times&rft.date=2021-06-09&rft.aulast=Webber&rft.aufirst=Jude&rft.au=Szalay%2C+Eva&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ft.com%2Fcontent%2F7b5b1cc4-50bb-437f-aa16-f106d2dbc1c7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-137"><a href="#cite_ref-137">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/varchive/youtube/20211027/qdx_alPrmVY">"Why El Salvador Made Bitcoin Legal Tender with President Nayib Bukele"</a>. 23 June 2021. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qdx_alPrmVY">the original</a> on 27 October 2021 – via YouTube.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Why+El+Salvador+Made+Bitcoin+Legal+Tender+with+President+Nayib+Bukele&rft.date=2021-06-23&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.youtube.com%2Fwatch%3Fv%3Dqdx_alPrmVY&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-138"><a href="#cite_ref-138">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSilver2021" class="citation web cs1">Silver, Katie (8 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58459098">"Bitcoin crashes on first day as El Salvador's legal tender"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210908115325/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-58459098">Archived</a> from the original on 8 September 2021. Retrieved 8 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Bitcoin+crashes+on+first+day+as+El+Salvador%27s+legal+tender&rft.date=2021-09-08&rft.aulast=Silver&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Fbusiness-58459098&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-139"><a href="#cite_ref-139">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTidy2021" class="citation web cs1">Tidy, Joe (7 September 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-58473260">"Fear and excitement in El Salvador as Bitcoin becomes legal tender"</a>. BBC. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230926081220/https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-58473260">Archived</a> from the original on 26 September 2023. Retrieved 8 September 2021. <q>More than 68% of those questioned said they disagreed with using cryptocurrency as a legal tender.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC&rft.atitle=Fear+and+excitement+in+El+Salvador+as+Bitcoin+becomes+legal+tender&rft.date=2021-09-07&rft.aulast=Tidy&rft.aufirst=Joe&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.co.uk%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-58473260&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Linea_2022-140"><a href="#cite_ref-Linea_2022_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichael_McDonald2022" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Michael McDonald (19 March 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bloomberglinea.com/2022/03/19/pocas-empresas-en-el-salvador-usan-el-bitcoin-revela-encuesta/">"Pocas empresas en El Salvador usan el bitcoin, revela encuesta"</a>. 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Retrieved 19 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Bloomberg+Linea&rft.atitle=Pocas+empresas+en+El+Salvador+usan+el+bitcoin%2C+revela+encuesta&rft.date=2022-03-19&rft.au=Michael+McDonald&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bloomberglinea.com%2F2022%2F03%2F19%2Fpocas-empresas-en-el-salvador-usan-el-bitcoin-revela-encuesta%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-141"><a href="#cite_ref-141">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRenteria2024" class="citation web cs1">Renteria, Nelson (15 May 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/world/americas/el-salvador-mined-nearly-474-bitcoins-adding-state-crypto-holding-last-three-2024-05-14/">"El Salvador mined nearly 474 bitcoins, adding to state crypto holding, in last three years"</a>. Reuters. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2021/09/09/key-facts-about-u-s-latinos-for-national-hispanic-heritage-month/ft_21-09-01_keyfactslatinos_origin_table_final1/">the original</a> on 13 September 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hispanic+origin+groups+in+the+U.S.%2C+2019&rft.pub=Pew+Research+Center&rft.date=2021-09-09&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pewresearch.org%2Ffact-tank%2F2021%2F09%2F09%2Fkey-facts-about-u-s-latinos-for-national-hispanic-heritage-month%2Fft_21-09-01_keyfactslatinos_origin_table_final1%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-143"><a href="#cite_ref-143">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071107112652/http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/estadisticas/se_remesas.html">"Family Remittances"</a>. Banco Central de Reserva de El Salvador. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bcr.gob.sv/ingles/estadisticas/se_remesas.html">the original</a> on 7 November 2007. Retrieved 17 November 2007.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Family+Remittances&rft.pub=Banco+Central+de+Reserva+de+El+Salvador&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bcr.gob.sv%2Fingles%2Festadisticas%2Fse_remesas.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-144"><a href="#cite_ref-144">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2021" class="citation news cs1">Wilson, Tom (14 June 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/exclusive-el-salvador-bitcoin-transfers-soar-still-fraction-dollar-remittances-2021-06-14/">"EXCLUSIVE El Salvador bitcoin transfers soar, but still a fraction of dollar remittances"</a>. Reuters. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210913155921/https://www.reuters.com/business/finance/exclusive-el-salvador-bitcoin-transfers-soar-still-fraction-dollar-remittances-2021-06-14/">Archived</a> from the original on 13 September 2021. Retrieved 10 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Reuters&rft.atitle=EXCLUSIVE+El+Salvador+bitcoin+transfers+soar%2C+but+still+a+fraction+of+dollar+remittances&rft.date=2021-06-14&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Tom&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.reuters.com%2Fbusiness%2Ffinance%2Fexclusive-el-salvador-bitcoin-transfers-soar-still-fraction-dollar-remittances-2021-06-14%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-145"><a href="#cite_ref-145">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFForbes2021" class="citation web cs1">Forbes, Staff (16 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://forbescentroamerica.com/2021/02/16/el-parque-mas-grande-de-centroamerica-esta-al-95-de-su-construccion/">"El parque más grande de Centroamérica está al 95% de su construcción"</a>. forbescentroamerica.com. 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Retrieved 1 July 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.cia.gov&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+-+The+World+Factbook&rft.date=2022-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cia.gov%2Fthe-world-factbook%2Fcountries%2Fel-salvador%2F%23energy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-148"><a href="#cite_ref-148">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSingh2021" class="citation web cs1">Singh, Nanda (10 February 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.energiaestrategica.com/las-energias-renovables-crecen-mientras-las-tarifas-electricas-disminuyen-en-el-salvador/">"Las energías renovables crecen mientras las tarifas eléctricas disminuyen en El Salvador"</a>. energiaestrategica.com. energía estrategica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210916005634/https://www.energiaestrategica.com/las-energias-renovables-crecen-mientras-las-tarifas-electricas-disminuyen-en-el-salvador/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 September 2021. 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Retrieved 16 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=La+Polic%C3%ADa+de+El+Salvador+dice+que+en+2016+se+redujeron+los+asesinatos+en+el+pa%C3%ADs&rft.date=2017-01-03&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft.au=null&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2Fes%2F2017%2F01%2F03%2Fespanol%2Famerica-latina%2Fla-policia-de-el-salvador-dice-que-en-2016-se-redujeron-los-asesinatos-en-el-pais.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-199"><a href="#cite_ref-199">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/es/la-violencia-descendi%C3%B3-en-2018-en-el-salvador-por-tercer-a%C3%B1o-consecutivo/a-46938701">"La violencia descendió en 2018 en El Salvador por tercer año consecutivo"</a>. Deutsche Welle (in European Spanish). 3 January 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216173537/https://www.dw.com/es/la-violencia-descendi%C3%B3-en-2018-en-el-salvador-por-tercer-a%C3%B1o-consecutivo/a-46938701">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=La+violencia+descendi%C3%B3+en+2018+en+El+Salvador+por+tercer+a%C3%B1o+consecutivo&rft.date=2019-01-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fes%2Fla-violencia-descendi%25C3%25B3-en-2018-en-el-salvador-por-tercer-a%25C3%25B1o-consecutivo%2Fa-46938701&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-200"><a href="#cite_ref-200">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Homicidios-bajan-29-en-El-Salvador-durante-2019-20191230-0603.html">"Homicidios bajan 29% en El Salvador durante 2019"</a>. La Prensa Gráfica (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220216173538/https://www.laprensagrafica.com/elsalvador/Homicidios-bajan-29-en-El-Salvador-durante-2019-20191230-0603.html">Archived</a> from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 16 February 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=La+Prensa+Gr%C3%A1fica&rft.atitle=Homicidios+bajan+29%25+en+El+Salvador+durante+2019&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.laprensagrafica.com%2Felsalvador%2FHomicidios-bajan-29-en-El-Salvador-durante-2019-20191230-0603.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-201"><a href="#cite_ref-201">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrigida2021" class="citation web cs1">Brigida, Anna-Catherine (3 March 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/03/el-salvador-homicide-historic-low-2020-gangs-migration/">"El Salvador's Homicide Rate Hit a Historic Low in 2020"</a>. Foreign Policy. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220408155130/https://foreignpolicy.com/2021/03/03/el-salvador-homicide-historic-low-2020-gangs-migration/">Archived</a> from the original on 8 April 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Foreign+Policy&rft.atitle=El+Salvador%27s+Homicide+Rate+Hit+a+Historic+Low+in+2020&rft.date=2021-03-03&rft.aulast=Brigida&rft.aufirst=Anna-Catherine&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fforeignpolicy.com%2F2021%2F03%2F03%2Fel-salvador-homicide-historic-low-2020-gangs-migration%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-202"><a href="#cite_ref-202">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.dw.com/es/gobierno-de-el-salvador-2021-fue-el-a%C3%B1o-m%C3%A1s-seguro/a-60310349">"Gobierno de El Salvador: 2021 fue "el año más seguro""</a>. Deutsche Welle (in European Spanish). 2 January 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220331044722/https://www.dw.com/es/gobierno-de-el-salvador-2021-fue-el-a%C3%B1o-m%C3%A1s-seguro/a-60310349">Archived</a> from the original on 31 March 2022. Retrieved 19 March 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Deutsche+Welle&rft.atitle=Gobierno+de+El+Salvador%3A+2021+fue+%22el+a%C3%B1o+m%C3%A1s+seguro%22&rft.date=2022-01-02&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Fes%2Fgobierno-de-el-salvador-2021-fue-el-a%25C3%25B1o-m%25C3%25A1s-seguro%2Fa-60310349&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-203"><a href="#cite_ref-203">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEddie_Galdamez2023" class="citation web cs1">Eddie Galdamez (1 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://elsalvadorinfo.net/homicide-rate-in-el-salvador/">"El Salvador Homicide Rate (2010-2023). The Daily Murder Rate for 2023 is 0.4"</a>. El Salvador INFO. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230522040620/https://elsalvadorinfo.net/homicide-rate-in-el-salvador/">Archived</a> from the original on 22 May 2023. Retrieved 3 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Salvador+INFO&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+Homicide+Rate+%282010-2023%29.+The+Daily+Murder+Rate+for+2023+is+0.4&rft.date=2023-05-01&rft.au=Eddie+Galdamez&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Felsalvadorinfo.net%2Fhomicide-rate-in-el-salvador%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-204"><a href="#cite_ref-204">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://twitter.com/nayibbukele/status/1656553055104499712">"Cerramos el 10 de mayo de 2023, con 0 homicidios a nivel nacional.Con este, son 365 días sin homicidios, todo un año"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230511110316/https://twitter.com/nayibbukele/status/1656553055104499712">Archived</a> from the original on 11 May 2023. Retrieved 11 May 2023.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cerramos+el+10+de+mayo+de+2023%2C+con+0+homicidios+a+nivel+nacional.Con+este%2C+son+365+d%C3%ADas+sin+homicidios%2C+todo+un+a%C3%B1o&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftwitter.com%2Fnayibbukele%2Fstatus%2F1656553055104499712&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-france24.com-205"><a href="#cite_ref-france24.com_205-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.france24.com/es/minuto-a-minuto/20220410-m%C3%A1s-de-9-000-pandilleros-detenidos-en-el-salvador-en-15-d%C3%ADas-dice-bukele">"Más de 9.000 pandilleros detenidos en El Salvador en 15 días, dice Bukele"</a>. France 24. 10 April 2022. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220421024739/https://www.france24.com/es/minuto-a-minuto/20220410-m%C3%A1s-de-9-000-pandilleros-detenidos-en-el-salvador-en-15-d%C3%ADas-dice-bukele">Archived</a> from the original on 21 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=France+24&rft.atitle=M%C3%A1s+de+9.000+pandilleros+detenidos+en+El+Salvador+en+15+d%C3%ADas%2C+dice+Bukele&rft.date=2022-04-10&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.france24.com%2Fes%2Fminuto-a-minuto%2F20220410-m%25C3%25A1s-de-9-000-pandilleros-detenidos-en-el-salvador-en-15-d%25C3%25ADas-dice-bukele&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-206"><a href="#cite_ref-206">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/28/el-salvador-invokes-state-of-emergency-after-62-killings-in-a-day">"El Salvador declares state of emergency after gang killings"</a>. www.aljazeera.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220405234029/https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/28/el-salvador-invokes-state-of-emergency-after-62-killings-in-a-day">Archived</a> from the original on 5 April 2022. Retrieved 21 April 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.aljazeera.com&rft.atitle=El+Salvador+declares+state+of+emergency+after+gang+killings&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2022%2F3%2F28%2Fel-salvador-invokes-state-of-emergency-after-62-killings-in-a-day&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-207"><a href="#cite_ref-207">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGuzmán2023" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Guzmán, Jessica (25 July 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asi-procesaran-a-los-71976-detenidos-en-el-regimen-de-excepcion">"Así Procesarán a los 71,976 Detenidos en el Régimen de Excepción"</a> [This Is How They Will Process the 71,976 Detained in the State of Exception]. <a href="/wiki/El_Mundo_(El_Salvador)" title="El Mundo (El Salvador)">El Mundo</a> (in Spanish). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230725195654/https://diario.elmundo.sv/politica/asi-procesaran-a-los-71976-detenidos-en-el-regimen-de-excepcion">Archived</a> from the original on 25 July 2023. Retrieved 8 August 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=El+Mundo&rft.atitle=As%C3%AD+Procesar%C3%A1n+a+los+71%2C976+Detenidos+en+el+R%C3%A9gimen+de+Excepci%C3%B3n&rft.date=2023-07-25&rft.aulast=Guzm%C3%A1n&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdiario.elmundo.sv%2Fpolitica%2Fasi-procesaran-a-los-71976-detenidos-en-el-regimen-de-excepcion&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Eaton-208"><a href="#cite_ref-Eaton_208-0">^</a> Eaton, Helen-May (1991). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/116/">The impact of the Archbishop Óscar Romero's alliance with the struggle for liberation of the Salvadoran people: A discussion of church-state relations (El Salvador)</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120425045908/http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/116/">Archived</a> 25 April 2012 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a> (M.A. thesis) Wilfrid Laurier University </li> <li id="cite_note-Elsalvador.com-209">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Elsalvador.com_209-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Elsalvador.com_209-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110503202216/http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2003/10/31/nacional/nacio7.html">"Pobladores prehispánicos inventaron las pupusas"</a>. Elsalvador.com. 31 October 2003. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elsalvador.com/noticias/2003/10/31/nacional/nacio7.html">the original</a> on 3 May 2011. Retrieved 2 May 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pobladores+prehisp%C3%A1nicos+inventaron+las+pupusas&rft.pub=Elsalvador.com&rft.date=2003-10-31&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elsalvador.com%2Fnoticias%2F2003%2F10%2F31%2Fnacional%2Fnacio7.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-210"><a href="#cite_ref-210">^</a> "Decrecto Legislativo No. 655 de la Republica de El Salvador" Asamblea Legislativa-Republica de El Salvador, 11 April 2005, www.asamblea.gob.sv. </li> <li id="cite_note-211"><a href="#cite_ref-211">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140225234418/http://www.radioguanaca.net/liga-mayor/playground/1-futbol/7-estadio-cuscatlan">"Estadio Cuscatlán"</a>. Radio Guanaca. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.radioguanaca.net/liga-mayor/playground/1-futbol/7-estadio-cuscatlan">the original</a> on 25 February 2014. Retrieved 25 February 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Estadio+Cuscatl%C3%A1n&rft.pub=Radio+Guanaca&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.radioguanaca.net%2Fliga-mayor%2Fplayground%2F1-futbol%2F7-estadio-cuscatlan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=45" title="Edit section: Further reading">edit</a>]</div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/ei/bgn/2033.htm">"Background Notes"</a>, Background Notes: El Salvador, January 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.</li> <li>Bonner, Raymond. Weakness and Deceit: U.S. Policy and El Salvador. New York: Times Books, 1984.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/">CIA World Factbook</a>, "El Salvador", 28 February 2008. Retrieved 6 March 2008.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100510070619/http://travel.state.gov/travel/cis_pa_tw/cis/cis_1109.html">"Country Specific Information"</a>, U.S. State Department, 3 October 2007. Retrieved 6 March 2008.</li> <li>Danner, Mark. The Massacre at El Mozote: A Parable of the Cold War. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.</li> <li>Foley, Erin. 'Cultures of the world, El Salvador. 1995</li> <li>Montgomery, Tommie Sue. Revolution in El Salvador: From Civil Strife to Civil Peace. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 1995.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosa1998" class="citation thesis cs1">Rosa, Audrey Celeste (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://scholars.wlu.ca/etd/661/">The courage to change: Salvadoran stories of personal and social transformation (El Salvador)</a> (M.A. thesis). Wilfrid Laurier University.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=The+courage+to+change%3A+Salvadoran+stories+of+personal+and+social+transformation+%28El+Salvador%29&rft.degree=M.A.&rft.inst=Wilfrid+Laurier+University&rft.date=1998&rft.aulast=Rosa&rft.aufirst=Audrey+Celeste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fscholars.wlu.ca%2Fetd%2F661%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AEl+Salvador" class="Z3988"></li> <li>Stadler, Sidney. It Started with an Oyster: The Memoirs of Sidney M. Stadler, CBE. Penna Press 1975. Autobiography of a British businessman and diplomat in El Salvador, with much on Salvadoran society and politics from the 1920s to 1950s.</li> <li>Vilas, Carlos. Between Earthquakes and Volcanoes: Market, State, and the Revolution America. New York: Monthly Review Press. 1995.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2>[<a href="/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&action=edit&section=46" title="Edit section: External links">edit</a>]</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output 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(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div role="navigation" aria-labelledby="sister-projects" class="side-box metadata side-box-right sister-box sistersitebox plainlinks"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-abovebelow"> El Salvador at Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">sister projects</a></div> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><ul><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/27px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/0/06/Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg/41px-Wiktionary-logo-v2.svg.png 1.5x, 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height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/41px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/24/Wikinews-logo.svg/54px-Wikinews-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="759" data-file-height="415" /><a href="https://en.wikinews.org/wiki/Category:El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="n:Category:El Salvador">News</a> from Wikinews</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/23px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/35px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/46px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="q:El Salvador">Quotations</a> from Wikiquote</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/26px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="26" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/39px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/51px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /><a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/El Salvador">Texts</a> from Wikisource</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/27px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/41px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikibooks-logo.svg/54px-Wikibooks-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="300" /><a href="https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Special:Search/El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="b:Special:Search/El Salvador">Textbooks</a> from Wikibooks</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/27px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/41px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg/54px-Wikiversity_logo_2017.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="626" data-file-height="512" /><a href="https://en.wikiversity.org/wiki/Special:Search/El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="v:Special:Search/El Salvador">Resources</a> from Wikiversity</li><li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/27px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="27" height="27" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/41px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/54px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /><a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="voy:El Salvador">Travel information</a> from Wikivoyage</li></ul></div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090727223316/http://embassy.el-salvador.org.uk/">Embassy of El Salvador in London</a> – content rich site about every aspect of Salvadoran life, government, business, and politics.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20081210074035/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/world-leaders-1/world-leaders-e/el-salvador.html">Chief of State and Cabinet Members</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/el-salvador/">El Salvador</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_World_Factbook" title="The World Factbook">The World Factbook</a>. <a href="/wiki/Central_Intelligence_Agency" title="Central Intelligence Agency">Central Intelligence Agency</a>.</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20080607084758/http://ucblibraries.colorado.edu/govpubs/for/elsalvador.htm">El Salvador</a> at UCB Libraries GovPubs</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/country_profiles/1220684.stm">El Salvador profile</a> from the <a href="/wiki/BBC_News" title="BBC News">BBC News</a></li> <li><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/16px-Gnome-globe.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/24px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f3/Gnome-globe.svg/32px-Gnome-globe.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /> <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Atlas_of_El_Salvador" class="extiw" title="commons:Atlas of El Salvador">Wikimedia Atlas of El Salvador</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.sahf.org">Salvadoran American Humanitarian Foundation (SAHF)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fusal.org">Fundacion Salvadoreña Para la Salud y el Desarollo Humano (FUSAL)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ifs.du.edu/ifs/frm_CountryProfile.aspx?Country=SV">Key Development Forecasts for El Salvador</a> from <a href="/wiki/International_Futures" title="International Futures">International Futures</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://wits.worldbank.org/CountryProfile/Country/SLV/Year/2012/Summary">World Bank Summary Trade Statistics El Salvador</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.teachingcentralamerica.org/">Teaching Central America</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r886047488"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="El_Salvador_articles" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:El_Salvador_topics" title="Template:El Salvador topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:El_Salvador_topics" title="Template talk:El Salvador topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:El_Salvador_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:El Salvador topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="El_Salvador_articles" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">El Salvador</a> <a href="/wiki/Index_of_El_Salvador%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of El Salvador–related articles">articles</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/History_of_El_Salvador" title="History of El Salvador">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mesoamerica" title="Mesoamerica">Pre-Columbian history</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_conquest_of_El_Salvador" title="Spanish conquest of El Salvador">Spanish conquest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viceroyalty_of_New_Spain" class="mw-redirect" title="Viceroyalty of New Spain">New Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Captaincy_General_of_Guatemala" title="Captaincy General of Guatemala">Captaincy General (Guatemalan)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intendancy_of_San_Salvador" title="Intendancy of San Salvador">Intendancy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1811_Independence_Movement" title="1811 Independence Movement">1811 Independence Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_America_under_Mexican_rule" title="Central America under Mexican rule">Mexican rule</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Federal Republic of Central America">Federal Republic of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Republic_of_Central_America" title="Greater Republic of Central America">Greater Republic of Central America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_El_Salvador" title="Military dictatorship in El Salvador">Military dictatorship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Military_dictatorship_in_El_Salvador#World_War_II" title="Military dictatorship in El Salvador">World War II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Civil_War" title="Salvadoran Civil War">Salvadoran Civil War (1979–1992)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_El_Salvador" title="Geography of El Salvador">Geography</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Biota_of_El_Salvador" title="Category:Biota of El Salvador">Biota</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_in_El_Salvador" title="List of cities in El Salvador">Cities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_El_Salvador" title="List of earthquakes in El Salvador">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_islands_of_El_Salvador" title="List of islands of El Salvador">Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_national_parks_of_El_Salvador" title="List of national parks of El Salvador">National parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_rivers_of_El_Salvador" title="List of rivers of El Salvador">Rivers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_volcanoes_in_El_Salvador" title="List of volcanoes in El Salvador">Volcanism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_resources_management_in_El_Salvador" title="Water resources management in El Salvador">Water resources</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_El_Salvador" title="Politics of El Salvador">Politics</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Departments_of_El_Salvador" title="Departments of El Salvador">Administrative divisions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Constitution_of_El_Salvador" title="Constitution of El Salvador">Constitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Court_system_of_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Court system of El Salvador">Court system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_El_Salvador" title="Elections in El Salvador">Elections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_El_Salvador" title="Foreign relations of El Salvador">Foreign relations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_rights_in_El_Salvador" title="Human rights in El Salvador">Human rights</a> (<a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in El Salvador">LGBT rights</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_rankings_of_El_Salvador" title="International rankings of El Salvador">International rankings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Civil_Police_(El_Salvador)" title="National Civil Police (El Salvador)">Law enforcement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legislative_Assembly_of_El_Salvador" title="Legislative Assembly of El Salvador">Legislative Assembly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armed_Forces_of_El_Salvador" title="Armed Forces of El Salvador">Military</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_political_parties_in_El_Salvador" title="List of political parties in El Salvador">Political parties</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/President_of_El_Salvador" title="President of El Salvador">Presidents</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_El_Salvador" title="Economy of El Salvador">Economy</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bitcoin_in_El_Salvador" title="Bitcoin in El Salvador">Bitcoin adoption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Reserve_Bank_of_El_Salvador" title="Central Reserve Bank of El Salvador">Central bank</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coffee_production_in_El_Salvador" title="Coffee production in El Salvador">Coffee production</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_dollar" title="United States dollar">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_col%C3%B3n" title="Salvadoran colón">pre-dollarization currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_El_Salvador" title="Electricity sector in El Salvador">Energy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mining_in_El_Salvador" title="Mining in El Salvador">Mining</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Stock_Exchange" title="Salvadoran Stock Exchange">Stock exchange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telecommunications_in_El_Salvador" title="Telecommunications in El Salvador">Telecommunications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tourism_in_El_Salvador" title="Tourism in El Salvador">Tourism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transport_in_El_Salvador" title="Transport in El Salvador">Transport</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Society_of_El_Salvador" title="Category:Society of El Salvador">Society</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_El_Salvador" title="Abortion in El Salvador">Abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corruption_in_El_Salvador" title="Corruption in El Salvador">Corruption</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_El_Salvador" title="Crime in El Salvador">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_El_Salvador" title="Demographics of El Salvador">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_El_Salvador" title="Education in El Salvador">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_inequality_in_El_Salvador" title="Gender inequality in El Salvador">Gender inequality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_El_Salvador" title="Languages of El Salvador">Languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_El_Salvador" title="Prostitution in El Salvador">Prostitution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_Departments_by_HDI" class="mw-redirect" title="Salvadoran Departments by HDI">Regions by HDI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sex_trafficking_in_El_Salvador" title="Sex trafficking in El Salvador">Sex trafficking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_in_El_Salvador" title="Religion in El Salvador">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_supply_and_sanitation_in_El_Salvador" title="Water supply and sanitation in El Salvador">Water supply and sanitation</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;padding-left:0.5em;padding-right:0.5em;font-weight:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Culture_of_El_Salvador" title="Culture of El Salvador">Culture</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Anthem_of_El_Salvador" title="National Anthem of El Salvador">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coat_of_arms_of_El_Salvador" title="Coat of arms of El Salvador">Coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_cuisine" title="Salvadoran cuisine">Cuisine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_El_Salvador" title="Flag of El Salvador">Flag</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salvadoran_literature" title="Salvadoran literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_El_Salvador" title="Music of El Salvador">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_holidays_in_El_Salvador" title="Public holidays in El Salvador">Public holidays</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sport_in_El_Salvador" class="mw-redirect" title="Sport in El Salvador">Sport</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Category:Television_stations_in_El_Salvador" title="Category:Television stations in El Salvador">Television</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="font-weight:bold;"><div><div style="margin-bottom:-0.4em;"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Outline_of_El_Salvador" title="Outline of El Salvador">Outline</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_El_Salvador%E2%80%93related_articles" title="Index of El Salvador–related articles">Index</a></li></ul></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:El_Salvador" title="Category:El Salvador">Category</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portal:El_Salvador" title="Portal:El Salvador">Portal</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Central_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Central_America_topic" title="Template:Central 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class="mw-selflink selflink">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><a href="/wiki/Central_America" title="Location of Central America"><img alt="Location of Central America" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Centroamerica-ubicacion.png/50px-Centroamerica-ubicacion.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="36" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Centroamerica-ubicacion.png/75px-Centroamerica-ubicacion.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/93/Centroamerica-ubicacion.png/100px-Centroamerica-ubicacion.png 2x" data-file-width="827" data-file-height="601" /></a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="North_America" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:North_America_topic" title="Template:North America topic"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:North_America_topic" title="Template talk:North America topic"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:North_America_topic" title="Special:EditPage/Template:North America topic"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="North_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/North_America" title="North America">North America </a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Bahamas" title="The Bahamas">Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barbados" title="Barbados">Barbados</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belize" title="Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Costa_Rica" title="Costa Rica">Costa Rica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba" title="Cuba">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dominica" title="Dominica">Dominica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Dominican_Republic" class="mw-redirect" title="The Dominican Republic">Dominican Republic</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">El Salvador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grenada" title="Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guatemala" title="Guatemala">Guatemala</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haiti" title="Haiti">Haiti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Honduras" title="Honduras">Honduras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica" title="Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mexico" title="Mexico">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicaragua" title="Nicaragua">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panama" title="Panama">Panama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Lucia" title="Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="The United States">United States</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Dependencies and other territories</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anguilla" title="Anguilla">Anguilla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aruba" title="Aruba">Aruba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bermuda" title="Bermuda">Bermuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bonaire" title="Bonaire">Bonaire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_British_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The British Virgin Islands">British Virgin Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Cayman_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Cayman Islands">Cayman Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cura%C3%A7ao" title="Curaçao">Curaçao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Montserrat" title="Montserrat">Montserrat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Puerto_Rico" title="Puerto Rico">Puerto Rico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" class="mw-redirect" title="The Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Pierre_and_Miquelon" title="Saint Pierre and Miquelon">Saint Pierre and Miquelon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saba_(island)" title="Saba (island)">Saba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Eustatius" title="Sint Eustatius">Sint Eustatius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sint_Maarten" title="Sint Maarten">Sint Maarten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Turks_and_Caicos_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The Turks and Caicos Islands">Turks and Caicos Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_United_States_Virgin_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="The United States Virgin Islands">United States Virgin Islands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q792#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000123752529">ISNI</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/126625611">VIAF</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1205530/">FAST</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4014499-9">Germany</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n79066409">United States</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934436j">France</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb11934436j">BnF data</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.ndl.go.jp/auth/ndlna/00562042">Japan</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an36514008">Australia</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge130727&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX451086">Spain</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.bnportugal.gov.pt/aut/catbnp/129871">Portugal</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007564240205171">Israel</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/f2fa4bfb-97aa-3db4-8d49-cc64969ce1a7">MusicBrainz area</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://kulturnav.org/4e5139fb-4210-467b-80a3-c0517f4dc18a">KulturNav</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/1265654">Trove</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.parliament.uk/a8f18ViD">UK Parliament</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/02658770X">IdRef</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/fr/articles/006531">Historical Dictionary of Switzerland</a></li><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalog.archives.gov/id/10044746">NARA</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1156832818"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=El_Salvador&params=13_41_N_89_11_W_type:country_region:SV">13°41′N 89°11′W / 13.683°N 89.183°W / 13.683; -89.183</a>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&oldid=1259442559">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=El_Salvador&oldid=1259442559</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" 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