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Le voyage du président Obama en Afrique peut aider à stimuler la poursuite d'un ancien despote. | Human Rights Watch
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id="block-views-news-block_1" class="clear-block block block-views"> <h6 class="block-title clear-block">DERNIÈRES INFOS </h6> <div class="bcontent"><div class="view view-news view-id-news view-display-id-block_1 view-block-latest-news view-dom-id-4"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/28/royaume-uni-il-faut-apporter-des-reponses-claires-sur-la-surveillance-des-donnees">Royaume-Uni : Il faut apporter des réponses claires sur la surveillance des données</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Une législation et un contrôle plus stricts sont nécessaires pour protéger le droit à la vie privée</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">28 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/27/senegal-obama-soutient-le-tribunal-en-charge-du-dossier-hissene-habre">Sénégal : Obama soutient le tribunal en charge du dossier Hissène Habré</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Le président américain a aussi promis un soutien matériel des Etats-Unis pour le tribunal</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">27 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-3 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/27/republique-centrafricaine-les-forces-de-la-seleka-tuent-des-dizaines-de-personnes-et">République centrafricaine : Les forces de la Séléka tuent des dizaines de personnes et incendient des villages</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Le Conseil de sécurité de l'ONU devrait sanctionner les leaders de la Séléka responsables d’exactions</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">27 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-4 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/27/chine-il-faut-mettre-fin-au-relogement-force-et-la-relocalisation-de-tibetains">Chine : Il faut mettre fin au relogement forcé et à la relocalisation de Tibétains</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">L'absence de consultation viole les droits humains des Tibétains et menace leur culture</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">27 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-5 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/26/afrique-la-visite-du-president-obama-devrait-mettre-l-accent-sur-la-liberte-des-medi">Afrique : La visite du président Obama devrait mettre l’accent sur la liberté des médias</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">La protection des militants et les groupes indépendants est également essentielle pour faire avancer les droits</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">26 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-6 views-row-even"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/26/liban-la-police-torture-des-personnes-vulnerables">Liban : La police torture des personnes vulnérables</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Un mécanisme efficace de réparation, de surveillance et de plaintes est indispensable</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">26 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/25/le-voyage-du-president-obama-en-afrique-peut-aider-stimuler-la-poursuite-dun-ancien-" class="active">Le voyage du président Obama en Afrique peut aider à stimuler la poursuite d'un ancien despote.</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">25 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Point de vue</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/25/syrie-le-tribunal-antiterroriste-utilise-pour-etouffer-la-dissidence">Syrie : Le Tribunal antiterroriste utilisé pour étouffer la dissidence</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Il faut relâcher cinq éminents militants de droits humains lors de la reprise de leur procès le 26 juin</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">25 juin 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/list/all">Suite »</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-views-sidebar-block_1" class="clear-block block block-views"> <div class="bcontent"><div class="view view-sidebar view-id-sidebar view-display-id-block_1 view-dom-id-5"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-field-copy-image-fid"> <span class="field-content"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000519im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/copy/banner_southsudan1_fr.jpg" width="322" height="250" 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view-id-profile_for_commentary view-display-id-default view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/bios/reed-brody-1"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000519im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/profile_image_on_commentary/media/images/photographs/Reed_Brody_print.JPG" class="imagecache imagecache-profile_image_on_commentary imagecache-default imagecache-profile_image_on_commentary_default"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-last-name-value"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/bios/reed-brody-1" class="views-field-field-news-author-value">Reed Brody</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-twitter-uname-value"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000519/http://twitter.com/share?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Ffr%2Fnews%2F2013%2F06%2F25%2Fle-voyage-du-president-obama-en-afrique-peut-aider-stimuler-la-poursuite-dun-ancien-&count=horizontal&via=&text=Le%20voyage%20du%20pr%C3%A9sident%20Obama%20en%20Afrique%20peut%20aider%20%C3%A0%20stimuler%20la%20poursuite%20d%26%23039%3Bun%20ancien%20despote.&counturl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.hrw.org%2Ffr%2Fnews%2F2013%2F06%2F25%2Fle-voyage-du-president-obama-en-afrique-peut-aider-stimuler-la-poursuite-dun-ancien-" class="twitter-share-button service-links-twitter-widget" title="Tweet This" rel="nofollow"><span style="display:none;">Tweet Widget</span></a></li> <li class="service-links-facebook-like"><a 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href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/06/25/le-voyage-du-president-obama-en-afrique-peut-aider-stimuler-la-poursuite-dun-ancien-" title="Le voyage du président Obama en Afrique peut aider à stimuler la poursuite d'un ancien despote.">Le voyage du président Obama en Afrique peut aider à stimuler la poursuite d'un ancien despote.</a> </h6> </div> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">25 juin 2013</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-related"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Author(s): </div> Souleymane Guengueng et Reed Brody </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-link field-field-link-to-original-source"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="field-label-inline-first"> Published in: </div> <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130703000519/http://www.chambresafricaines.org/index.php/nouvelles/africa/193-le-voyage-du-president-obama-en-afrique-peut-aider-a-stim" target="_blank">Chambres Africaines Extraordinaires</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials: </div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/03/09/les-grandes-lignes-de-laffaire-habr">Les grandes lignes de l'affaire Habré</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">9 mars 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Document d’information</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-2 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/02/08/senegal-inauguration-du-tribunal-special-pour-le-proces-de-hissene-habre">Sénégal : Inauguration du tribunal spécial pour le procès de Hissène Habré</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">8 février 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>Quand le président Obama se rendra au Sénégal cette semaine, ce sera l’occasion pour lui de montrer son soutien à l’initiative audacieuse visant à traduire en justice le dictateur responsable des tortures que des milliers de mes compatriotes et moi-même avons subies.</p> <p>Le 1<sup style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; border: 0px currentColor; font-size: 11px; font-weight: bold;">er</sup><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>décembre 1990, lorsque le régime de Hissène Habré a pris fin au Tchad et que l’ancien despote a fui au Sénégal, j’ai émergé de près de trois ans de maltraitance en détention pour un crime que je n’avais pas commis. Mon corps était faible, mes os fragiles, mais ma détermination pour que justice soit rendue était plus forte que jamais.</p> <p>Pendant les 22 années qui ont suivi, malgré les trahisons et les dangers, les autres victimes et moi-même, nous nous sommes battus, rassemblant preuves et témoignages contre Habré. Sur la base de la plainte que nous avons déposée en 2000 au Sénégal, un juge sénégalais a inculpé Habré pour tortures, crimes contre l’humanité et actes de barbarie. Mais les autorités sénégalaises ont redoublé d’efforts pour dresser un obstacle après l’autre. L’archevêque sud-africain Desmond Tutu a dénoncé cet « interminable feuilleton politico-judiciaire » auquel nous étions soumis, et de nombreux survivants des tortures de Habré sont depuis décédés.</p> <p>Ce sont les menaces des ex-agents de Habré qui occupent toujours des postes à responsabilités au Tchad qui ont fini par me forcer à l’exil. Notre avocate, Jacqueline Moudeïna, a même été sérieusement blessée en 2001 quand un ancien sbire de Habré, alors chef de police, a donné l’ordre de l’attaquer à la grenade.</p> <p>L’année dernière, dans une décision historique donnant raison à notre combat, la Cour internationale de Justice de La Haye a ordonné au Sénégal de poursuivre Habré « sans autre délai » ou de l’extrader. Finalement, en février 2013, le gouvernement du nouveau président sénégalais Macky Sall et l’Union africaine ont uni leurs efforts et un tribunal composé à la fois de juges sénégalais et d’autres ressortissants d’Etats africains, chargé de poursuivre Habré et les principaux responsables des crimes commis sur le territoire tchadien pendant son régime, fut inauguré.</p> <p>Habré est accusé d’avoir utilisé sa toute puissante police politique, la Direction de la Documentation et de la Sécurité, ou DDS, pour commettre des milliers d’assassinats politiques et mettre en place un usage systématique de la torture. Les documents de la DDS, déterrés par Human Rights Watch en 2001, révèlent les noms de 1208 personnes exécutées ou décédées en détention, et de 12 321 victimes de violations des droits de l’homme, comme moi.</p> <p>Malheureusement, les Etats-Unis ont soutenu Habré pendant son régime, le considérant comme un rempart contre Mouammar Kadhafi et la Libye. Les Etats-Unis de Ronald Reagan ont apporté en secret, par le biais de la CIA, un soutien paramilitaire à Habré afin que celui-ci prenne le pouvoir en 1982 et ont ensuite fourni à son régime une aide militaire importante, alors même qu’il transformait mon pays en un Etat policier. Les Etats-Unis ont même utilisé une base clandestine tchadienne pour mettre en place une force anti-Kadhafi, formée de soldats libyens faits prisonniers.</p> <p>Mais aujourd’hui les choses changent. Depuis l’entrée en fonction du président Obama, son gouvernement soutient notre campagne. L’année dernière, la Secrétaire d’Etat Hillary Rodham Clinton a déclaré qu’ « après vingt ans, les victimes méritent justice et de pouvoir faire valoir leur cause devant un tribunal » et a exhorté le Sénégal à prendre des « mesures concrètes » afin de poursuivre Habré. Dès l’élection de Macky Sall en 2012, le Sénégal a pris des mesures en vue de créer le tribunal. Ce mois-ci, le procureur de ces Chambres spéciales s’est même rendu au Tchad pour la première fois, cultivant notre immense espoir d’avoir enfin la justice à portée de main. </p> <p>Les Etats-Unis ont promis 1 million de dollars pour ce procès, mais n’ont pas encore exécuté leur promesse. La visite d’Obama au Sénégal – un pays qu’il a choisi pour son attachement renouvelé à l’Etat de droit – serait le moment propice pour verser sa contribution. Cette visite est une excellente opportunité pour que soient exprimés le soutien des Etats-Unis aux efforts avant-gardistes du Sénégal et à notre longue lutte pour que la justice ne soit plus retardée.</p> <p>Avec le procès de Habré, c’est la première fois dans l’histoire moderne que les tribunaux d’un Etat jugent le dirigeant d’un autre Etat pour violations graves du droit international.</p> <p>J’ai entendu beaucoup de dirigeants africains avancer que l’Afrique est injustement la cible des tribunaux internationaux. Le vrai problème, en réalité, c’est l’échec patent de l’Afrique à traduire en justice certains de ses dirigeants pour les crimes contre l’humanité qu’ils ont commis. S’il est juste et transparent, le procès de Habré permettrait non seulement d’obtenir réparation pour les crimes perpétrés contre mes compagnons et moi-même, mais aussi de mettre un coup d’arrêt au cycle de l’impunité qui gangrène mon continent.</p> <p>--------</p> <p>Souleymane Guengueng, fondateur de l’Association de Victimes des Crimes du Régime de Hissène Habré et auteur de « Prisonnier de Hissène Habré » (L’Harmattan), vit en exil à New York.</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_en first last"><a href="/web/20130703000519/http://www.hrw.org/news/2013/06/25/justice-delayed-chad" title="Justice delayed for Chad" class="translation-link">English</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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