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cdx-button--icon-only cdx-button--weight-quiet edit-page menu__item--page-actions-viewsource"> View source </a> </li> </ul> </nav>  <div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="content"> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><script>function mfTempOpenSection(id){var block=document.getElementById("mf-section-"+id);block.className+=" open-block";block.previousSibling.className+=" open-block";}</script><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><section class="mf-section-0" id="mf-section-0"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the type of society, see <a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style>Open Society Foundations (OSF), formerly the Open Society Institute, is a US-based <a href="/wiki/Grant_(money)" title="Grant (money)">grantmaking</a> network founded by business magnate <a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a> Open Society Foundations financially supports civil society groups around the world, with the stated aim of advancing justice, education, public health and independent media.<a href="#cite_note-sage-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-4">[4]</a> The group's name was inspired by <a href="/wiki/Karl_Popper" title="Karl Popper">Karl Popper</a>'s 1945 book <a href="/wiki/The_Open_Society_and_Its_Enemies" title="The Open Society and Its Enemies">The Open Society and Its Enemies</a>.<a href="#cite_note-organization-5">[5]</a> <table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Open Society Foundations</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><a href="/wiki/File:Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg/160px-Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="160" height="45" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg/240px-Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4b/Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg/320px-Open_Society_Foundations_Logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="144"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Abbreviation</th><td class="infobox-data nickname">OSF</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data note">April 1993; 31 years ago (1993-04)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Founder</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">224</a> <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">West 57th Street</a> <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">NY</a> 10019 U.S.</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Chair</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Alexander Soros</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">President</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Binaifer_Nowrojee&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Binaifer Nowrojee (page does not exist)">Binaifer Nowrojee</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Revenue</th><td class="infobox-data">$988 million<a href="#cite_note-budget-1">[1]</a> (in 2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="/wiki/Financial_endowment" title="Financial endowment">Endowment</a></th><td class="infobox-data">$5.89 billion<a href="#cite_note-budget-1">[1]</a> (in 2021)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opensocietyfoundations.org">opensocietyfoundations.org</a> <a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786194#P856" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20"></a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Formerly called</div></th><td class="infobox-data nickname">Open Society Institute</td></tr></tbody></table> As of 2015, the OSF had branches in 37 countries,<a href="#cite_note-callahan-6">[6]</a> encompassing a group of country and regional foundations, such as the <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Initiative_for_West_Africa" title="Open Society Initiative for West Africa">Open Society Initiative for West Africa</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Initiative_for_Southern_Africa" title="Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa">Open Society Initiative for Southern Africa</a>. The organization’s <a href="/wiki/Headquarters" title="Headquarters">headquarters</a> is located at <a href="/wiki/224_West_57th_Street" title="224 West 57th Street">224</a> <a href="/wiki/57th_Street_(Manhattan)" title="57th Street (Manhattan)">West 57th Street</a> in <a href="/wiki/Midtown_Manhattan" title="Midtown Manhattan">Midtown</a> <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a>, <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York City</a>. In 2018, OSF announced it was closing its European office in <a href="/wiki/Budapest" title="Budapest">Budapest</a> and moving to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, in response to legislation passed by the Hungarian government targeting the foundation's activities.<a href="#cite_note-7">[7]</a> As of 2021, OSF has reported expenditures in excess of US$16 billion since its establishment in 1993, mostly in grants to <a href="/wiki/NGOs" class="mw-redirect" title="NGOs">non-governmental organizations</a> (NGOs) aligned with the organization's mission.<a href="#cite_note-expend-8">[8]</a> <div id="toc" class="toc" role="navigation" aria-labelledby="mw-toc-heading"><input type="checkbox" role="button" id="toctogglecheckbox" class="toctogglecheckbox" style="display:none"><div class="toctitle" lang="en" dir="ltr"><h2 id="mw-toc-heading">Contents</h2><label class="toctogglelabel" for="toctogglecheckbox"></label></div> <ul> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-1"><a href="#History">1 History</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-2"><a href="#Activities">2 Activities</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-3"><a href="#Critical_reception">3 Critical reception</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-4"><a href="#See_also">4 See also</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-5"><a href="#References">5 References</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-6"><a href="#Further_reading">6 Further reading</a></li> <li class="toclevel-1 tocsection-7"><a href="#External_links">7 External links</a></li> </ul> </div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(1)"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div><section class="mf-section-1 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-1"> On May 28, 1984, George Soros signed a contract between the Soros Foundation/New York City and the <a href="/wiki/Hungarian_Academy_of_Sciences" title="Hungarian Academy of Sciences">Hungarian Academy of Sciences</a>, the founding document of the Soros Foundation/Budapest.<a href="#cite_note-9">[9]</a> This was followed by several foundations in the region to help countries move away from <a href="/wiki/Real_socialism" title="Real socialism">Soviet-style socialism</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Bloc" title="Eastern Bloc">Eastern Bloc</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Hoduski-Abbott,_Bernadine_E._2003._p75-10">[10]</a> In 1991, the foundation merged with the Fondation pour une Entraide Intellectuelle Européenne ("Foundation for European Intellectual Mutual Aid"), an affiliate of the <a href="/wiki/Congress_for_Cultural_Freedom" title="Congress for Cultural Freedom">Congress for Cultural Freedom</a>, created in 1966 to imbue 'non-conformist' Eastern European scientists with anti-totalitarian and capitalist ideas.<a href="#cite_note-11">[11]</a> In 1993, the Open Society Institute was created in the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> to support the Soros foundations in <a href="/wiki/Central_Europe" title="Central Europe">Central</a> and <a href="/wiki/Eastern_Europe" title="Eastern Europe">Eastern Europe</a> and <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-callahan-6">[6]</a> In August 2010, it started using the name Open Society Foundations (OSF) to better reflect its role as a benefactor for civil society groups in countries around the world.<a href="#cite_note-12">[12]</a> In 1995, Soros stated that he believed there can be no absolute answers to political questions because the same principle of <a href="/wiki/Reflexivity_(social_theory)" title="Reflexivity (social theory)">reflexivity</a> applies as in financial markets.<a href="#cite_note-13">[13]</a> In 2012, <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Stone_(criminal_justice_expert)" title="Christopher Stone (criminal justice expert)">Christopher Stone</a> joined the OSF as the second president. He replaced <a href="/wiki/Aryeh_Neier" title="Aryeh Neier">Aryeh Neier</a>, who served as president from 1993 to 2012.<a href="#cite_note-14">[14]</a> Stone announced in September 2017 that he was stepping down as president.<a href="#cite_note-15">[15]</a> In January 2018, <a href="/wiki/Patrick_Gaspard" title="Patrick Gaspard">Patrick Gaspard</a> was appointed president of the Open Society Foundations.<a href="#cite_note-opensocietyfoundations.org-16">[16]</a> He announced in December 2020 that he was stepping down as president. In January 2021, <a href="/wiki/Mark_Malloch-Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Mark Malloch-Brown">Mark Malloch-Brown</a> was appointed president of the Open Society Foundations.<a href="#cite_note-17">[17]</a> On March 11, 2024, OSF announced that Binaifer Nowrojee would start as the group's new president on June 1, 2024.<a href="#cite_note-18">[18]</a> In 2016, the OSF was reportedly the target of a <a href="/wiki/Cyber_security_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="Cyber security attack">cyber security breach</a>. Documents and information reportedly belonging to the OSF were published by a website. The cyber security breach has been described as sharing similarities with Russian-linked <a href="/wiki/Cyberattack" title="Cyberattack">cyberattacks</a> that targeted other institutions, such as the <a href="/wiki/2016_Democratic_National_Committee_email_leak" title="2016 Democratic National Committee email leak">Democratic National Committee</a>.<a href="#cite_note-19">[19]</a> In 2017, Soros transferred $18 billion to the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-20">[20]</a> In 2020, Soros announced that he was creating the Open Society University Network (OSUN), endowing the network with $1 billion.<a href="#cite_note-OSU-21">[21]</a> In 2023, George Soros handed over the leadership of the foundation to his son <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Soros" title="Alexander Soros">Alexander Soros</a>, who soon announced layoffs of 40 percent of staff and "significant changes" to the operating model.<a href="#cite_note-22">[22]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(2)"><h2 id="Activities">Activities</h2></div><section class="mf-section-2 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-2"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.sidebar{width:100%!important;clear:both;float:none!important;margin-left:0!important;margin-right:0!important}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .sidebar a>img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><noscript><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg/220px-Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="536"></noscript><span class="lazy-image-placeholder" style="width: 220px;height: 147px;" data-src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg/220px-Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg" data-width="220" data-height="147" data-srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg/330px-Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg/440px-Soros_talk_in_Malaysia.jpg 2x" data-class="mw-file-element"> </a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/George_Soros" title="George Soros">George Soros</a> at a talk in Malaysia</figcaption></figure> The <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress" title="Library of Congress">Library of Congress</a> Soros Foundation Visiting Fellows Program was initiated in 1990.<a href="#cite_note-Hoduski-Abbott,_Bernadine_E._2003._p76-23">[23]</a><a href="#cite_note-24">[24]</a> Its $873 million budget in 2013 ranked as the second-largest private philanthropy budget in the United States, after the <a href="/wiki/Bill_and_Melinda_Gates_Foundation" class="mw-redirect" title="Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation">Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation</a> budget of $3.9 billion.<a href="#cite_note-25">[25]</a> As of 2020, its budget increased to $1.2 billion.<a href="#cite_note-26">[26]</a> In August 2013, the foundation partly sponsored an <a href="/wiki/Aromanians" title="Aromanians">Aromanian</a> cultural event in <a href="/wiki/Malovi%C5%A1te" title="Malovište">Malovište</a> (<a href="/wiki/Aromanian_language" title="Aromanian language">Aromanian</a>: Mulovishti), <a href="/wiki/North_Macedonia" title="North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a>.<a href="#cite_note-27">[27]</a> The foundation reported granting at least $33 million to civil rights and social justice organizations in the United States.<a href="#cite_note-28">[28]</a> This funding included groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Organization_for_Black_Struggle" title="Organization for Black Struggle">Organization for Black Struggle</a> and <a href="/wiki/Missourians_Organizing_for_Reform_and_Empowerment" title="Missourians Organizing for Reform and Empowerment">Missourians Organizing for Reform and Empowerment</a> that supported protests in the wake of the <a href="/wiki/Killing_of_Trayvon_Martin" title="Killing of Trayvon Martin">killing of Trayvon Martin</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Death_of_Eric_Garner" class="mw-redirect" title="Death of Eric Garner">death of Eric Garner</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Tamir_Rice" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Tamir Rice">shooting of Tamir Rice</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown" class="mw-redirect" title="Shooting of Michael Brown">shooting of Michael Brown</a>.<a href="#cite_note-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-31">[31]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/OpenSecrets" title="OpenSecrets">OpenSecrets</a>, the OSF spends much of its resources on democratic causes around the world, and has also contributed to groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Tides_Foundation" title="Tides Foundation">Tides Foundation</a>.<a href="#cite_note-32">[32]</a> The OSF has been a major financial supporter of US <a href="/wiki/Immigration_reform" title="Immigration reform">immigration reform</a>, including establishing a pathway to citizenship for undocumented immigrants.<a href="#cite_note-33">[33]</a> OSF projects have included the National Security and Human Rights Campaign and the <a href="/wiki/Lindesmith_Center" class="mw-redirect" title="Lindesmith Center">Lindesmith Center</a>, which conducted research on drug reform.<a href="#cite_note-sage-3">[3]</a> The OSF became a partner of the <a href="/wiki/National_Democratic_Institute" title="National Democratic Institute">National Democratic Institute</a>,<a href="#cite_note-34">[34]</a> a charitable organization which partnered with pro-democracy groups like the Gov2U project<a href="#cite_note-35">[35]</a> run by <a href="/wiki/Scytl" title="Scytl">Scytl</a>.<a href="#cite_note-36">[36]</a> On January 23, 2020, the OSF announced a contribution of $1 billion from George Soros for the new Open Society University Network (OSUN), which supports Western university faculty in providing university courses, programs, and research to serve neglected student populations worldwide at institutions needing international partners. The founding institutions were <a href="/wiki/Bard_College" title="Bard College">Bard College</a> and <a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a>.<a href="#cite_note-OSU-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-37">[37]</a> In April 2022, OSF announced a grant of $20 million to the <a href="/wiki/International_Crisis_Group" title="International Crisis Group">International Crisis Group</a> in support of efforts to analyze <a href="/wiki/List_of_global_issues" title="List of global issues">global issues</a> fuelling violence, climate injustice and <a href="/wiki/Economic_inequality" title="Economic inequality">economic inequality</a> and providing recommendations to address them.<a href="#cite_note-38">[38]</a> OSF has given grants to <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Voice_for_Peace" title="Jewish Voice for Peace">Jewish Voice for Peace</a>.<a href="#cite_note-39">[39]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(3)"><h2 id="Critical_reception">Critical reception</h2></div><section class="mf-section-3 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-3"> In 2007, Nicolas Guilhot (a senior research associate at the <a href="/wiki/French_National_Centre_for_Scientific_Research" title="French National Centre for Scientific Research">French National Centre for Scientific Research</a>) wrote in <a href="/wiki/Critical_Sociology_(journal)" title="Critical Sociology (journal)">Critical Sociology</a> that the Open Society Foundations is functionally conservative in supporting institutions that reinforce the existing social order, as the <a href="/wiki/Ford_Foundation" title="Ford Foundation">Ford Foundation</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rockefeller_Foundation" title="Rockefeller Foundation">Rockefeller Foundation</a> have done before them. Guilhot argues that control over the <a href="/wiki/Social_sciences" class="mw-redirect" title="Social sciences">social sciences</a> by moneyed interests, rather than by public officials, reinforced a <a href="/wiki/Neoliberalism" title="Neoliberalism">neoliberal</a> view of <a href="/wiki/Modernization" class="mw-redirect" title="Modernization">modernization</a>.<a href="#cite_note-40">[40]</a> An OSF effort in 2008 in the <a href="/wiki/African_Great_Lakes" title="African Great Lakes">African Great Lakes</a> region aimed at spreading human rights awareness among <a href="/wiki/Prostitution_in_Uganda" title="Prostitution in Uganda">prostitutes in Uganda</a> and other nations in the area was rejected by <a href="/wiki/Uganda" title="Uganda">Ugandan</a> authorities, who considered it an effort to legalize and legitimize prostitution.<a href="#cite_note-41">[41]</a> Open Society Foundations has been criticized in the pro-Israel publications <a href="/wiki/Tablet_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="Tablet Magazine">Tablet</a>, <a href="/wiki/Arutz_Sheva" title="Arutz Sheva">Arutz Sheva</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jewish_Press" class="mw-redirect" title="Jewish Press">Jewish Press</a> for funding the activist groups <a href="/wiki/Adalah_%E2%80%93_The_Legal_Center_for_Arab_Minority_Rights_in_Israel" class="mw-redirect" title="Adalah – The Legal Center for Arab Minority Rights in Israel">Adalah</a> and <a href="/wiki/Haneen_Zoabi#Political_career" title="Haneen Zoabi">I'lam</a>, they accuse of being <a href="/wiki/Calls_for_the_destruction_of_Israel" title="Calls for the destruction of Israel">anti-Israel</a> and supporting the <a href="/wiki/Boycott,_Divestment_and_Sanctions" title="Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions">Boycott, Divestment and Sanctions</a> movement. Among the documents released in 2016 by <a href="/wiki/DCleaks" class="mw-redirect" title="DCleaks">DCleaks</a>, an OSF report reads "For a variety of reasons, we wanted to construct a diversified portfolio of grants dealing with <a href="/wiki/Israel" title="Israel">Israel</a> and <a href="/wiki/State_of_Palestine" title="State of Palestine">Palestine</a>, funding both Israeli Jewish and PCI (Palestinian Citizens of Israel) groups as well as building a portfolio of Palestinian grants and in all cases to maintain a low profile and relative distance—particularly on the advocacy front."<a href="#cite_note-42">[42]</a><a href="#cite_note-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-44">[44]</a> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/NGO_Monitor" title="NGO Monitor">NGO Monitor</a>, an Israeli NGO, reported that "Soros has been a frequent critic of <a href="/wiki/Israeli_government" class="mw-redirect" title="Israeli government">Israeli government</a> policy, and does not consider himself a Zionist, but there is no evidence that he or his family holds any special hostility or opposition to the existence of the state of Israel. This report will show that their support, and that of the Open Society Foundations, has nevertheless gone to organizations with such agendas." The report says its objective is to inform the OSF, claiming: "The evidence demonstrates that Open Society funding contributes significantly to anti-Israel campaigns in three important respects: <ol><li>Active in the <a href="/wiki/Durban_strategy" class="mw-redirect" title="Durban strategy">Durban strategy</a>;</li> <li>Funding aimed at weakening United States support for Israel by shifting public opinion regarding the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and Iran;</li> <li>Funding for Israeli political opposition groups on the fringes of Israeli society, which use the rhetoric of human rights to advocate for marginal political goals."</li></ol> The report concludes, "Yet, to what degree Soros, his family, and the Open Society Foundations are aware of the cumulative impact on Israel and of the political warfare conducted by many of their beneficiaries is an open question."<a href="#cite_note-45">[45]</a> In November 2015, <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> <a href="/wiki/Russian_undesirable_organizations_law" title="Russian undesirable organizations law">banned</a> the group on its territory, declaring "It was found that the activity of the Open Society Foundations and the Open Society Institute Assistance Foundation represents a threat to the foundations of the constitutional system of the <a href="/wiki/Russian_Federation" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Federation">Russian Federation</a> and the security of the state".<a href="#cite_note-46">[46]</a> In 2017, Open Society Foundations and other NGOs for open government and refugee assistance were targeted by authoritarian and populist governments emboldened by the <a href="/wiki/First_presidency_of_Donald_Trump" title="First presidency of Donald Trump">first Trump Administration</a>. Several right-leaning politicians in eastern Europe regard many of the NGO groups to be irritants if not threats, including <a href="/wiki/Liviu_Dragnea" title="Liviu Dragnea">Liviu Dragnea</a> in <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a>, <a href="/wiki/Szilard_Nemeth_(politician)" class="mw-redirect" title="Szilard Nemeth (politician)">Szilard Nemeth</a> in <a href="/wiki/Hungary" title="Hungary">Hungary</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nikola_Gruevski" title="Nikola Gruevski">Nikola Gruevski</a> in <a href="/wiki/Republic_of_North_Macedonia" class="mw-redirect" title="Republic of North Macedonia">North Macedonia</a> (who called for "de-Sorosization"), and <a href="/wiki/Jaros%C5%82aw_Kaczy%C5%84ski" title="Jarosław Kaczyński">Jarosław Kaczyński</a> of <a href="/wiki/Poland" title="Poland">Poland</a> (who has said that Soros-funded groups want "societies without identity").<a href="#cite_note-NYT-47">[47]</a> Some of the Soros-funded advocacy groups in the region said the harassment and intimidation became more open after the 2016 election of <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump" title="Donald Trump">Donald Trump</a> in the United States. Stefania Kapronczay of the Hungarian Civil Liberties Union, which received half of its funding from Soros-backed foundations, claimed that Hungarian officials were "testing the waters" in an effort to see "what they can get away with."<a href="#cite_note-NYT-47">[47]</a> In 2017, the government of Pakistan ordered the Open Society Foundations to cease operations in the country.<a href="#cite_note-48">[48]</a> In May 2018, Open Society Foundations announced they will move its office from Budapest to <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, amid Hungarian government interference.<a href="#cite_note-49">[49]</a><a href="#cite_note-50">[50]</a><a href="#cite_note-51">[51]</a> In November 2018, Open Society Foundations announced they are ceasing operations in <a href="/wiki/Turkey" title="Turkey">Turkey</a> and closing their <a href="/wiki/Istanbul" title="Istanbul">Istanbul</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ankara" title="Ankara">Ankara</a> offices due to "false accusations and speculations beyond measure", amid pressure from the Turkish government including detention of liberal Turkish intellectuals and academics even tangentially associated with the foundation.<a href="#cite_note-52">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-53">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-54">[54]</a> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(4)"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div><section class="mf-section-4 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-4"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_for_Open_Society_International" title="Alliance for Open Society International">Alliance for Open Society International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blinken_Open_Society_Archives" title="Blinken Open Society Archives">Blinken Open Society Archives</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Budapest_Open_Access_Initiative" title="Budapest Open Access Initiative">Budapest Open Access Initiative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_European_University" title="Central European University">Central European University</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colour_revolution" title="Colour revolution">Colour revolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Directory_of_Open_Access_Journals" title="Directory of Open Access Journals">Directory of Open Access Journals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_society" title="Open society">Open society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations%E2%80%93Armenia" title="Open Society Foundations–Armenia">Open Society Foundations–Armenia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Open_Society_Institute-Baltimore" title="Open Society Institute-Baltimore">Open Society Institute-Baltimore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparency_International" title="Transparency International">Transparency International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transparify" title="Transparify">Transparify</a></li></ul> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(5)"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div><section class="mf-section-5 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-5"> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-budget-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-budget_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-budget_1-1">b</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://projects.propublica.org/nonprofits/organizations/137029285">"Open Society Institute - Nonprofit Explorer"</a>. 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Retrieved November 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=A%C3%A7%C4%B1k+Toplum+Vakf%C4%B1+T%C3%BCrkiye%27deki+faaliyetlerini+sonland%C4%B1r%C4%B1yor&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dw.com%2Ftr%2Fa%25C3%25A7%25C4%25B1k-toplum-vakf%25C4%25B1-t%25C3%25BCrkiyedeki-faaliyetlerini-sonland%25C4%25B1r%25C4%25B1yor%2Fa-46457377&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2018/11/soros-foundation-close-turkey-bashed-erdogan-181127061557606.html">"Soros foundation to close in Turkey after being bashed by Erdogan"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Al_Jazeera_English" title="Al Jazeera English">Al Jazeera</a>. November 27, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Al+Jazeera&rft.atitle=Soros+foundation+to+close+in+Turkey+after+being+bashed+by+Erdogan&rft.date=2018-11-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.aljazeera.com%2Fnews%2F2018%2F11%2Fsoros-foundation-close-turkey-bashed-erdogan-181127061557606.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/business/2018/nov/26/george-soross-open-society-foundation-to-pull-out-of-turkey">"George Soros's Open Society Foundations to pull out of Turkey"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a>. Istanbul. November 26, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=George+Soros%27s+Open+Society+Foundations+to+pull+out+of+Turkey&rft.date=2018-11-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fbusiness%2F2018%2Fnov%2F26%2Fgeorge-soross-open-society-foundation-to-pull-out-of-turkey&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div></div> </section><div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 section-heading" onclick="mfTempOpenSection(6)"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div><section class="mf-section-6 collapsible-block" id="mf-section-6"> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFCarothers1999" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Carothers" title="Thomas Carothers">Carothers, Thomas</a> (1999), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/aidingdemocracya00thom">Aiding Democracy Abroad: The Learning Curve</a>, Washington, DC: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780870033414" title="Special:BookSources/9780870033414"><bdi>9780870033414</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aiding+Democracy+Abroad%3A+The+Learning+Curve&rft.place=Washington%2C+DC&rft.pub=Carnegie+Endowment+for+International+Peace&rft.date=1999&rft.isbn=9780870033414&rft.aulast=Carothers&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Faidingdemocracya00thom&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKrizsánZentai2003" class="citation book cs1">Krizsán, Andrea; Zentai, Viola, eds. (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/reshapingglobali0000unse">Reshaping Globalization: Multilateral Dialogues and New Policy Initiatives</a>. Budapest: Central European University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9789639241633" title="Special:BookSources/9789639241633"><bdi>9789639241633</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Reshaping+Globalization%3A+Multilateral+Dialogues+and+New+Policy+Initiatives&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pub=Central+European+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9789639241633&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Freshapingglobali0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMiniter2011" class="citation cs2">Miniter, Richard (September 9, 2011), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/richardminiter/2011/09/09/should-george-soros-be-allowed-to-buy-u-s-foreign-policy/">"Should George Soros be allowed to buy US foreign policy?"</a>, Forbes, <q>Soros, through foundations and his Open Society Institutes, pours some $500 million per year into organizations in the former Soviet world... And Soros gets results. Through strategic donations, Soros helped bring down the communist government in Poland, toppled Serbia's bloodstained strongman Slobodan Milosevic, and fueled the "Rose Revolution" in Georgia. Soros has also funded opposition parties in Azerbaijan, Belarus, Croatia, Georgia, and Macedonia, helping them into either power or prominence. All of these countries were once Russian allies.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Forbes&rft.atitle=Should+George+Soros+be+allowed+to+buy+US+foreign+policy%3F&rft.date=2011-09-09&rft.aulast=Miniter&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.forbes.com%2Fsites%2Frichardminiter%2F2011%2F09%2F09%2Fshould-george-soros-be-allowed-to-buy-u-s-foreign-policy%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPalley2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Palley" title="Thomas Palley">Palley, Thomas</a> (2003), "The Open Institute and Global Social Policy", Global Social Policy, vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 17–18, <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1468018103003001312">10.1177/1468018103003001312</a>, <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:154664053">154664053</a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Global+Social+Policy&rft.atitle=The+Open+Institute+and+Global+Social+Policy&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=17-18&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1468018103003001312&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A154664053%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Palley&rft.aufirst=Thomas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPeizer2005" class="citation cs2">Peizer, Jonathan (2005), "The Internet Program: Web Surfing a Revolution", The Dynamics of Technology for Social Change, Ingram Book Group, pp. 1–26</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=The+Internet+Program%3A+Web+Surfing+a+Revolution&rft.btitle=The+Dynamics+of+Technology+for+Social+Change&rft.pages=1-26&rft.pub=Ingram+Book+Group&rft.date=2005&rft.aulast=Peizer&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRoelofs2003" class="citation cs2">Roelofs, Joan (2003), Foundations and Public Policy: The Mask of Pluralism, Albany: SUNY</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Foundations+and+Public+Policy%3A+The+Mask+of+Pluralism&rft.place=Albany&rft.pub=SUNY&rft.date=2003&rft.aulast=Roelofs&rft.aufirst=Joan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2010" class="citation cs2">Stone, Diane (2010), Transnational Philanthropy or Policy Transfer? The Transnational Norms of the Open Society Institute, Policy and Politics, vol. 38, pp. 269–87</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Transnational+Philanthropy+or+Policy+Transfer%3F+The+Transnational+Norms+of+the+Open+Society+Institute%2C+Policy+and+Politics&rft.pages=269-87&rft.date=2010&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Diane&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988">.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFStone2007" class="citation journal cs1"><a href="/wiki/Diane_Stone" title="Diane Stone">Stone, Diane</a> (July 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://works.bepress.com/diane_stone/2/download/">"Market Principles, Philanthropic Ideals and Public Service Values: The Public Policy Program at the Central European University"</a>. PS: Political Science and Politics: 545–51. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1017%2FS1049096507070795">10.1017/S1049096507070795</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:53387414">53387414</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190215015331/https://works.bepress.com/diane_stone/2/download/">Archived</a> from the original on February 15, 2019.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=PS%3A+Political+Science+and+Politics&rft.atitle=Market+Principles%2C+Philanthropic+Ideals+and+Public+Service+Values%3A+The+Public+Policy+Program+at+the+Central+European+University&rft.pages=545-51&rft.date=2007-07&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1017%2FS1049096507070795&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A53387414%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Diane&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fworks.bepress.com%2Fdiane_stone%2F2%2Fdownload%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOpen+Society+Foundations" class="Z3988"></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diane_Stone" title="Diane Stone">Stone, Diana</a> (2013) Knowledge Actors and Transnational Governance: The Private-Public Policy Nexus in the Global Agora. 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href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zaklada_Otvoreno_dru%C5%A1tvo" title="Zaklada Otvoreno društvo – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Zaklada Otvoreno društvo" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Hrvatski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atv%C4%93rt%C4%81s_sabiedr%C4%ABbas_fonds" title="Atvērtās sabiedrības fonds – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Atvērtās sabiedrības fonds" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Latviešu</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Magyar</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%B8_%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фондации Отворено општество – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Фондации Отворено општество" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Македонски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BC%E3%83%97%E3%83%B3%E3%83%BB%E3%82%BD%E3%82%B5%E3%82%A8%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E8%B2%A1%E5%9B%A3" title="オープン・ソサエティ財団 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オープン・ソサエティ財団" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Polski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Foundations" title="Open Society Foundations – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Open Society Foundations" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Funda%C8%9Bia_pentru_o_Societate_Deschis%C4%83" title="Fundația pentru o Societate Deschisă – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Fundația pentru o Societate Deschisă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Română</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D1%8B_%C2%AB%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%BA%D1%80%D1%8B%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%9E%D0%B1%D1%89%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB" title="Фонды «Открытое Общество» – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Фонды «Открытое Общество»" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soros" title="Soros – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Soros" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Shqip</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4_%D0%B7%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%B4%D1%80%D1%83%D1%88%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE" title="Фонд за отворено друштво – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Фонд за отворено друштво" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Society_Institute" title="Open Society Institute – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Open Society Institute" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Suomi</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4_%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%82%E0%AE%95_%E0%AE%85%E0%AE%B1%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%B3%E0%AF%88" title="திறந்த சமூக அறக்கட்டளை – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="திறந்த சமூக அறக்கட்டளை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target">தமிழ்</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%C3%A7%C4%B1k_Toplum_Vak%C4%B1flar%C4%B1" title="Açık Toplum Vakıfları – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Açık Toplum Vakıfları" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Türkçe</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A4%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%92%D1%96%D0%B4%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5_%D1%81%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%96%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE%C2%BB" title="Фонди «Відкрите суспільство» – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Фонди «Відкрите суспільство»" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Qu%E1%BB%B9_X%C3%A3_h%E1%BB%99i_M%E1%BB%9F" title="Quỹ Xã hội Mở – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Quỹ Xã hội Mở" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tiếng Việt</a></li><li 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