CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available" lang="en" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>Aggregat - Wikipedia</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )enwikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","January","February","March","April","May","June","July","August","September","October","November","December"],"wgRequestId":"3a75ce97-957b-4b78-81ae-f9d2f80f638f","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"Aggregat","wgTitle":"Aggregat","wgCurRevisionId":1270760681,"wgRevisionId":1270760681,"wgArticleId":1812292,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["CS1 maint: location missing publisher","CS1 German-language sources (de)","CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)","Pages with broken anchors","Articles with short description","Short description is different from Wikidata","Use American English from October 2022","All Wikipedia articles written in American English","Use dmy dates from October 2022","All articles with unsourced statements","Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021","Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007", "Ballistic missiles of Germany","V-weapons","World War II guided missiles of Germany","Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1933","Wernher von Braun","German inventions","Rocket families"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"en","wgPageContentLanguage":"en","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"Aggregat","wgRelevantArticleId":1812292,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove":[],"wgRedirectedFrom":"Aggregat_(rocket_family)","wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgFlaggedRevsParams":{"tags":{"status":{"levels":1}}},"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"en","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"en"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":false,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":30000,"wgInternalRedirectTargetUrl": "/wiki/Aggregat","wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q179099","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false};RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","jquery.makeCollapsible.styles":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready", "wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["mediawiki.action.view.redirect","ext.cite.ux-enhancements","mediawiki.page.media","ext.scribunto.logs","site","mediawiki.page.ready","jquery.makeCollapsible","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","mmv.bootstrap","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface","ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cjquery.makeCollapsible.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=en&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.16"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg/1200px-Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="1200"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="564"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg/800px-Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="800"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="376"> <meta property="og:image" content="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg/640px-Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg"> <meta property="og:image:width" content="640"> <meta property="og:image:height" content="301"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="Aggregat - Wikipedia"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="preconnect" href="//upload.wikimedia.org"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="Edit this page" href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="Wikipedia (en)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//en.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="Wikipedia Atom feed" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:RecentChanges&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-Aggregat rootpage-Aggregat skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">Jump to content</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" title="Main menu" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Main menu" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Main menu</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Main menu</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Navigation </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Main_Page" title="Visit the main page [z]" accesskey="z"><span>Main page</span></a></li><li id="n-contents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Contents" title="Guides to browsing Wikipedia"><span>Contents</span></a></li><li id="n-currentevents" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Current_events" title="Articles related to current events"><span>Current events</span></a></li><li id="n-randompage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:Random" title="Visit a randomly selected article [x]" accesskey="x"><span>Random article</span></a></li><li id="n-aboutsite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About" title="Learn about Wikipedia and how it works"><span>About Wikipedia</span></a></li><li id="n-contactpage" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us" title="How to contact Wikipedia"><span>Contact us</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-interaction" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-interaction" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Contribute </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-help" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Contents" title="Guidance on how to use and edit Wikipedia"><span>Help</span></a></li><li id="n-introduction" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" title="Learn how to edit Wikipedia"><span>Learn to edit</span></a></li><li id="n-portal" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Community_portal" title="The hub for editors"><span>Community portal</span></a></li><li id="n-recentchanges" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChanges" title="A list of recent changes to Wikipedia [r]" accesskey="r"><span>Recent changes</span></a></li><li id="n-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_upload_wizard" title="Add images or other media for use on Wikipedia"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="n-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:SpecialPages"><span>Special pages</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/Main_Page" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="Wikipedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-en.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.125em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="The Free Encyclopedia" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-en.svg" width="117" height="13" style="width: 7.3125em; height: 0.8125em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/Special:Search" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia" aria-label="Search Wikipedia" autocapitalize="sentences" title="Search Wikipedia [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="Personal tools"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Change the appearance of the page's font size, width, and color" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Appearance" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Appearance</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en" class=""><span>Donate</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Aggregat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory" class=""><span>Create account</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Aggregat" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>Log in</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="Log in and more options" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Personal tools" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Personal tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/?wmf_source=donate&wmf_medium=sidebar&wmf_campaign=en.wikipedia.org&uselang=en"><span>Donate</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CreateAccount&returnto=Aggregat" title="You are encouraged to create an account and log in; however, it is not mandatory"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>Create account</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UserLogin&returnto=Aggregat" title="You're encouraged to log in; however, it's not mandatory. [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>Log in</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pages for logged out editors <a href="/wiki/Help:Introduction" aria-label="Learn more about editing"><span>learn more</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyContributions" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>Contributions</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:MyTalk" title="Discussion about edits from this IP address [n]" accesskey="n"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Site"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Contents" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Contents</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">hide</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">(Top)</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-A1_(1933)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A1_(1933)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>A1 (1933)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A1_(1933)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A2_(1934)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A2_(1934)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>A2 (1934)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A2_(1934)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A3_(1935–1937)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A3_(1935–1937)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>A3 (1935–1937)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-A3_(1935–1937)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle A3 (1935–1937) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-A3_(1935–1937)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Specifications" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Specifications"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Specifications</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Specifications-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A5_(1938–1942)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A5_(1938–1942)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>A5 (1938–1942)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A5_(1938–1942)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A4/V2_rocket_(1942–1945)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A4/V2_rocket_(1942–1945)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>A4/V2 rocket (1942–1945)</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-A4/V2_rocket_(1942–1945)-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle A4/V2 rocket (1942–1945) subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-A4/V2_rocket_(1942–1945)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Projekt_Schwimmweste" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Projekt_Schwimmweste"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span><i>Projekt Schwimmweste</i></span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Projekt_Schwimmweste-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A4b/A9" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A4b/A9"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>A4b/A9</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A4b/A9-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Variations_–_Planned,_not_built" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Variations_–_Planned,_not_built"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Variations – Planned, not built</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Variations_–_Planned,_not_built-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Variations – Planned, not built subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Variations_–_Planned,_not_built-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-A6" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A6"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>A6</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A6-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A7" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A7"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.2</span> <span>A7</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A7-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A8" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A8"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.3</span> <span>A8</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A8-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A9/A10" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A9/A10"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.4</span> <span>A9/A10</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A9/A10-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A11" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A11"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.5</span> <span>A11</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A11-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-A12" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#A12"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.6</span> <span>A12</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-A12-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Citations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Citations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Citations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Citations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Aggregat</i></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 15 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-15" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">15 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%84%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D8%AC%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="سلسلة أجريجات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="سلسلة أجريجات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_raketni_projekt" title="A raketni projekt – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="A raketni projekt" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat" title="Aggregat – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Aggregat" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat" title="Aggregat – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aggregat" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat_(foguetes)" title="Aggregat (foguetes) – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Aggregat (foguetes)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_raketni_projekt" title="A raketni projekt – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="A raketni projekt" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat" title="Aggregat – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aggregat" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%92%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%98_(%D7%A1%D7%93%D7%A8%D7%AA_%D7%98%D7%99%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%9D)" title="אגרגט (סדרת טילים) – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אגרגט (סדרת טילים)" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat_(siri_roket)" title="Aggregat (siri roket) – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Aggregat (siri roket)" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A2%E3%82%B0%E3%83%AA%E3%82%AC%E3%83%83%E3%83%88_(%E3%83%AD%E3%82%B1%E3%83%83%E3%83%88)" title="アグリガット (ロケット) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="アグリガット (ロケット)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregate" title="Aggregate – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Aggregate" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat_(fam%C3%ADlia_de_foguetes)" title="Aggregat (família de foguetes) – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Aggregat (família de foguetes)" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat" title="Aggregat – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Aggregat" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat-rakettisarja" title="Aggregat-rakettisarja – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Aggregat-rakettisarja" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aggregat_(%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B0)" title="Aggregat (ракетна програма) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Aggregat (ракетна програма)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179099#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aggregat" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Aggregat" rel="discussion" title="Discuss improvements to the content page [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Talk</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Change language variant" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">English</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Views"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aggregat"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=history" title="Past revisions of this page [h]" accesskey="h"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Tools" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Tools</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Tools</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">hide</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="More options" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Actions </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Aggregat"><span>Read</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit" title="Edit this page [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Edit</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=history"><span>View history</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> General </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:WhatLinksHere/Aggregat" title="List of all English Wikipedia pages containing links to this page [j]" accesskey="j"><span>What links here</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Special:RecentChangesLinked/Aggregat" rel="nofollow" title="Recent changes in pages linked from this page [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Related changes</span></a></li><li id="t-upload" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:File_Upload_Wizard" title="Upload files [u]" accesskey="u"><span>Upload file</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&oldid=1270760681" title="Permanent link to this revision of this page"><span>Permanent link</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>Page information</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:CiteThisPage&page=Aggregat&id=1270760681&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Information on how to cite this page"><span>Cite this page</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAggregat"><span>Get shortened URL</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fen.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FAggregat"><span>Download QR code</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Print/export </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Special:DownloadAsPdf&page=Aggregat&action=show-download-screen" title="Download this page as a PDF file"><span>Download as PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&printable=yes" title="Printable version of this page [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Printable version</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> In other projects </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Aggregate_(rocket_family)" hreflang="en"><span>Wikimedia Commons</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q179099" title="Structured data on this page hosted by Wikidata [g]" accesskey="g"><span>Wikidata item</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">move to sidebar</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">hide</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat_(rocket_family)&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggregat (rocket family)">Aggregat (rocket family)</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Nazi ballistic missile series</div> <p> The <b><i>Aggregat</i> series</b> (German for "Aggregate") was a set of <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_missile" title="Ballistic missile">ballistic missile</a> designs developed in 1933–1945 by a research program of <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>'s Army (<a href="/wiki/German_Army_(1935%E2%80%931945)" title="German Army (1935–1945)"><i>Heer</i></a>). Its greatest success was the A4, more commonly known as the <a href="/wiki/V2_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="V2 rocket">V2</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aggregate_(3D-comparison).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg/220px-Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="103" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg/330px-Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg/440px-Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1660" data-file-height="780" /></a><figcaption>Aggregat rockets compared</figcaption></figure> <p><span class="anchor" id="A1"></span> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A1_(1933)"><span id="A1_.281933.29"></span>A1 (1933)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: A1 (1933)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A1 was the first rocket design in the <i>Aggregat</i> series. It was designed in 1933 by <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a> at the German Army research program at <a href="/wiki/Kummersdorf" title="Kummersdorf">Kummersdorf</a> headed by Colonel Dr <a href="/wiki/Walter_Dornberger" title="Walter Dornberger">Walter Dornberger</a>. The A1 was the grandfather of most modern rockets. The rocket was 1.4 metres (4 ft 7 in) long, 30.5 centimetres (12 in) in diameter, and had a takeoff weight of 150 kilograms (330 lb). The engine, designed by <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rudolph" title="Arthur Rudolph">Arthur Rudolph</a>, used a pressure-fed <a href="/wiki/Rocket_propellant" title="Rocket propellant">rocket propellant</a> system burning <a href="/wiki/Ethanol_fuel" title="Ethanol fuel">ethanol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a>, and produced 2.9 <a href="/wiki/Kilonewton" class="mw-redirect" title="Kilonewton">kN</a> (660 <a href="/wiki/Pound-force" class="mw-redirect" title="Pound-force">lbf</a>) of thrust for 16 seconds. The LOX tank was located within the fuel tank and insulated with a fiberglass material. The rocket was stabilized by a 40 kg (88 lb) <a href="/wiki/3_axis_stabilized_spacecraft" class="mw-redirect" title="3 axis stabilized spacecraft">3 axes</a> <a href="/wiki/Gyroscope" title="Gyroscope">gyroscope</a> system in the nose, supplied by Kreiselgeräte GmbH. The rocket could not be rotated for stability as with a <a href="/wiki/External_ballistics" title="External ballistics">ballistic shell</a>, as <a href="/wiki/Centrifugal_force" title="Centrifugal force">centrifugal force</a> would force the liquid fuel to rise up along the walls of their tanks, which made feeding propellants to the combustion chamber difficult. Although the engine had been successfully test fired, the first flight attempt blew up on the launching pad on 21 December 1933, half a second after ignition.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The cause was a buildup up of propellants before ignition of its engine.<sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since the design was thought to be unstable, no further attempts were made, and efforts moved to the A2 design. The A1 was too nose-heavy, and to compensate, the gyroscope system was moved to the middle of the A2, between the oxygen and ethanol tanks.<sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sutton_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="A2"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A2_(1934)"><span id="A2_.281934.29"></span>A2 (1934)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: A2 (1934)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Aggregate-2_(3D-cutoff).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Aggregate-2_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg/220px-Aggregate-2_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="73" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Aggregate-2_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg/330px-Aggregate-2_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e3/Aggregate-2_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg/440px-Aggregate-2_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="400" /></a><figcaption>A2 rocket</figcaption></figure> <p>Static tests and assembly were completed by 1 October 1934. Two A2s were built for a full-out test, and were named after a <a href="/wiki/Wilhelm_Busch" title="Wilhelm Busch">Wilhelm Busch</a> cartoon, <i><a href="/wiki/Max_and_Moritz" title="Max and Moritz">Max and Moritz</a></i>. On 19 and 20 December 1934, they were launched in front of senior Army officers on <a href="/wiki/Borkum" title="Borkum">Borkum</a> island in the <a href="/wiki/North_Sea" title="North Sea">North Sea</a>. They reached altitudes of 2.2 kilometres (1.4 mi) and 3.5 kilometres (2.2 mi).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 41–42">: 41–42 </span></sup> The A2s had the same dimensions as the A1, and the same engine, but separate propellant tanks. The cylindrical <a href="/wiki/Regenerative_cooling_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Regenerative cooling (rocket)">regeneratively cooled</a> combustion chamber was welded inside the ethanol tank. The mushroom-shaped injector system consisted of fuel and oxidizer jets pointing at one another. Propellants were pressurized from a nitrogen tank, a system which was also used for the A3 and A5.<sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-sutton_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="A3"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A3_(1935–1937)"><span id="A3_.281935.E2.80.931937.29"></span>A3 (1935–1937)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: A3 (1935–1937)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Development of the A3 can be traced at least to February 1935 when Major <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ernst_Ritter_von_Horstig&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ernst Ritter von Horstig (page does not exist)">Ernst Ritter von Horstig</a> sent <a href="/wiki/General_der_Artillerie" class="mw-redirect" title="General der Artillerie">General der Artillerie</a> <a href="/wiki/Karl_Heinrich_Emil_Becker" title="Karl Heinrich Emil Becker">Karl Becker</a> a budget of almost half a million marks for the construction of two new test stands at Kummersdorf. Included were mobile test rigs, small locomotives, and office and storage space. The A3 plans called for a rocket with an <a href="/wiki/Inertial_guidance_system" class="mw-redirect" title="Inertial guidance system">inertial guidance system</a> and a 1,500 kg (3,300 lb) thrust engine.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In March 1936, <a href="/wiki/Generaloberst" title="Generaloberst">Generaloberst</a> <a href="/wiki/Werner_von_Fritsch" title="Werner von Fritsch">Werner von Fritsch</a> witnessed a static firing of an A3 engine at Kummersdorf, and was sufficiently impressed to lend his support to the rocket program.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962233_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962233-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199681_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199681-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like the earlier A1 and A2 rockets, the A3 used a pressure-fed propellant system, and the same liquid oxygen and 75% ethanol mixture as the earlier designs. It generated its 14.7 kN (3,300 lb<sub>f</sub>) for 45 seconds. It used a three-gyroscope system to deflect <a href="/wiki/Tungsten_alloy" class="mw-redirect" title="Tungsten alloy">tungsten alloy</a> jet vanes.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962236_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962236-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The design was finished in early 1936 and further modifications that made the rocket stable at supersonic velocities were finalized later that year.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199684–85_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199684–85-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The shape of the rocket was based on the 8-mm rifle bullet, in anticipation of supersonic flight. The rocket was 6.7 metres (22 ft) in length, 0.70 metres (2.3 ft) feet in diameter, and weighed 750 kg (1,650 lb) when fueled. Fins were included, for "arrow stability", structurally anchored by an antenna ring. The stabilized platform used a pitch gyro and a yaw gyro, connected to pneumatic servos, which stabilized the platform along the pitch and yaw axes. Electrical carriages on the platform acted as integrating accelerometers. These signals were mixed with those from the SG-33 system, to drive the molybdenum-tungsten jet vane control <a href="/wiki/Servomotor" title="Servomotor">servomotors</a>. The SG-33 was fixed to the rocket, not the stabilized platform, and used three rate gyros to sense roll, pitch and yaw deviations. Two of the jet vanes rotated in the same direction for pitch and yaw control, and in opposite directions for roll control. The guidance and control system was designed by <a href="/wiki/Fritz_Mueller" title="Fritz Mueller">Fritz Mueller</a>, based on Johannes Maria Boykow's ideas, the technical director of Kreiselgeräte GmbH ("Gyro Instruments Limited").<sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 53–57">: 53–57 </span></sup> </p><p>The A3 engine was a scaled-up version of the A2, but with a mushroom-shaped injector at the top of the combustion chamber, based on a design by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Riedel" title="Walter Riedel">Walter Riedel</a>. Ethanol was sprayed upwards to mix with the oxygen sprayed downward from jets at the top of the chamber. This increased efficiency and generated higher temperatures.<sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 56">: 56 </span></sup> </p><p>This was the first of the <i>Aggregat</i> rockets to be <a href="/wiki/Rocket_launch" class="mw-redirect" title="Rocket launch">launched</a> from the Peenemünde area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962235_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962235-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As part of <a href="/wiki/Operation_Lighthouse_(1937)" title="Operation Lighthouse (1937)">Operation Lighthouse</a> the first A3 was launched on 4 December 1937, but suffered problems with premature parachute deployment and engine failure, and crashed close to the takeoff point. The second launch on 6 December 1937 suffered similar problems.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The parachute was disabled in the third and fourth rockets launched on 8 and 11 December 1937, but these, too, experienced engine failures, though the lack of parachute drag allowed them to crash further from the launch site.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They reached altitudes between 2,500 feet (760 m) and 3,000 feet (910 m), before falling into the sea.<sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> </p><p>According to another source, one A3 reached a maximum downrange of 12 km (7.5 mi) and maximum altitude of 18 km (11 mi).<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (August 2021)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>With each launch a failure, von Braun and Dornberger looked for the cause. At first there was some thought of an <a href="/wiki/Electrostatics" title="Electrostatics">electrostatic charge</a> that prematurely set off the parachute, but this was largely disproved. Ultimately, the failures were attributed to the inadequate design of the rocket's experimental inertial guidance system and minor instabilities in the body and fin design.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The control system was found to be unable to keep the rocket from turning with a wind greater than 3.7 metres per second (12 ft/s).<sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> The stable platform gyros were limited to a 30 degree range of motion, and when the platform tumbled, the parachutes deployed. The jet vanes needed to move faster, and have a larger control force, to stop the rolling. The fins were redesigned in the A5, when it was realized an expanding jet plume as the rocket gained altitude, would have destroyed the A3 fin stabilizing antenna ring.<sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57">: 57 </span></sup> </p><p>After this unsuccessful series of launches, the A3 was abandoned and A4 work postponed, while work on the A5 commenced.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996105_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996105-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58">: 58 </span></sup> </p><p>According to Dornberger, the A3 "...had not been equipped to take any payload. It was a purely experimental missile." Similarly, the A5 was to be "for research purposes only."<sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 50, 66">: 50, 66 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Specifications">Specifications</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dd>Length: 6.74 m (22 ft 1 in)</dd> <dd>Diameter: 0.68 m (2 ft 3 in)</dd> <dd>Finspan: 0.93 m (3 ft 1 in)</dd> <dd>Launch mass: 748 kilograms (1650 lb)</dd> <dd>Fuel: <a href="/wiki/Ethanol" title="Ethanol">Ethanol</a> and <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a></dd> <dd>Liftoff thrust: 14.7 kN</dd></dl> <p><span class="anchor" id="A5"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A5_(1938–1942)"><span id="A5_.281938.E2.80.931942.29"></span>A5 (1938–1942)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: A5 (1938–1942)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A5 played a vital role in testing the aerodynamics and technology of the A4. Its rocket motor was identical to the A-3, but with a new control system provided by <a href="/wiki/Siemens" title="Siemens">Siemens</a>, was 5.825 m (19.11 ft) long, with a diameter of 0.78 m (2 ft 7 in) and a takeoff weight of 900 kg (2,000 lb). The A5 was fitted with a <a href="/wiki/Brennschluss" title="Brennschluss">Brennschluss</a> receiving set, a parachute recovery system, could stay afloat in water for up to two hours, and was painted yellow and red, aiding recovery. New tail surfaces were tested in the Zeppelin Aircraft Works subsonic tunnel and the supersonic tunnel in Aachen. The internal vanes were now made of <a href="/wiki/Graphite" title="Graphite">graphite</a> instead of <a href="/wiki/Molybdenum" title="Molybdenum">molybdenum</a>. Uncontrolled A5s were launched from Griefswalder Oie in late 1938. Models that were 1.5 meters (5 ft) long and 20 centimeters (8 in) in diameter were dropped from <a href="/wiki/Heinkel_He_111" title="Heinkel He 111">Heinkel He 111s</a> starting in September 1938, testing supersonic speeds in the absence of a <a href="/wiki/Supersonic_wind_tunnel" title="Supersonic wind tunnel">supersonic wind tunnel</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hellmuth_Walter" title="Hellmuth Walter">Hellmuth Walter</a> also made models of the A5m which included a hydrogen peroxide motor, with potassium permanganate as a catalyst, and were test launched in March 1939. The final fin configuration was wider, curved outward to accommodate the expanding exhaust gases, included external air vanes, but no ring antenna.<sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58–64">: 58–64 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 58–60">: 58–60 </span></sup> </p><p>The A-5, like the A-3, was fueled with ethanol with liquid oxygen as an <a href="/wiki/Oxidant" class="mw-redirect" title="Oxidant">oxidant</a>. The first successful guided flights were made in October 1939, with three of the first four flights using a Kreiselgeräte complete guidance and control system called SG-52. This used a 3-gyro stabilized platform for attitude control and a tilt program, whose signals were mixed with rate gyros, and fed to a control system connected to the jet vanes by aluminium rods. The Siemens <i>Vertikant</i> control system first flew on 24 April 1940. The Siemens system used three gyros, particularly 3 rate gyros providing stabilization, and hydraulic servomotors to move the jet vanes to correct pitch and yaw, and control roll. The Möller Askania, or Rechlin system, first flew on 30 April 1940, and used position gyros, a mixing system and a servo system. A-5 testing included a guide plane system for lateral control, and a radio system for propulsion cutoff at a preselected speed, after which the rocket followed a <a href="/wiki/Ballistic_trajectory" class="mw-redirect" title="Ballistic trajectory">ballistic trajectory</a>. The A-5s reached a height of 12 km (7.5 mi) and a range of 18 kilometres (11 miles). Up to 80 launches by October 1943 developed an understanding of the rocket's aerodynamics, and tests of a better guidance system. The aerodynamic data resulted in a fin and rudder design that was basically the same one used for the A-4.<sup id="cite_ref-juergen_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juergen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 62, 64">: 62, 64 </span></sup><sup id="cite_ref-hunley_2-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 57–65">: 57–65 </span></sup> </p><p>At the conclusion of the A-5 testing, Dornberger stated, "I now knew that we should succeed in creating a weapon with far greater range than any artillery. What we had successfully done with the A-5 must be equally valid, in improved form, for the A-4."<sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 64">: 64 </span></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="A4"></span><span class="anchor" id="V-2_rocket"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="A4/V2_rocket_(1942–1945)"><span id="A4.2FV2_rocket_.281942.E2.80.931945.29"></span>A4/V2 rocket (1942–1945)</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: A4/V2 rocket (1942–1945)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/V2_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="V2 rocket">V2 rocket</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880,_Peenem%C3%BCnde,_Start_einer_V2.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg/170px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="222" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg/255px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3c/Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg/340px-Bundesarchiv_Bild_141-1880%2C_Peenem%C3%BCnde%2C_Start_einer_V2.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="784" /></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V2 missile</a> being launched in June 1943</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:V-2_Bug.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/V-2_Bug.jpg/220px-V-2_Bug.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="137" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/V-2_Bug.jpg/330px-V-2_Bug.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d9/V-2_Bug.jpg/440px-V-2_Bug.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="373" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/V2_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="V2 rocket">V2 rocket</a> being recovered from the <a href="/wiki/Bug_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug River">Bug River</a> near Sarnaki</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Blizna031.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blizna031.jpg/220px-Blizna031.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="153" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blizna031.jpg/330px-Blizna031.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Blizna031.jpg/440px-Blizna031.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4150" data-file-height="2884" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/V2_rocket" class="mw-redirect" title="V2 rocket">V2 rocket</a> in Blizna</figcaption></figure> <p>In the late 1920s, Karl Becker realised that a loophole in the Treaty of Versailles allowed Germany to develop rocket weapons. General Becker was very influential during the development of the A4 until he committed suicide on 8 April 1940 following criticism from Adolf Hitler.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber201711_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber201711-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The A4 was a full-sized design with a range of about <span style="white-space:nowrap">322 kilometers (200 mi)</span>, an initial peak altitude of <span style="white-space:nowrap">89 kilometers (55 mi)</span> and a payload of about a <a href="/wiki/Tonne" title="Tonne">tonne</a>. Versions of the A4 were used in warfare. They included the first ballistic missile and the first projectile to reach <a href="/wiki/Outer_space" title="Outer space">outer space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The propellants of choice continued to be liquid oxygen, with a 75% ethanol and 25% water mixture. The water reduced the flame temperature, acted as a coolant, and reduced thermal stress.<sup id="cite_ref-sutton_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-sutton-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This increase in capability came from a redesign of the A3 engine, now known as the A5, by <a href="/wiki/Walter_Thiel" title="Walter Thiel">Walter Thiel</a>. It became clearer that <a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">von Braun's</a> designs were turning into useful weapons, and Dornberger moved the team from the artillery testing grounds at Kummersdorf (near <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>) to Peenemünde, on the island of <a href="/wiki/Usedom" title="Usedom">Usedom</a> on Germany's <a href="/wiki/Baltic_Sea" title="Baltic Sea">Baltic</a> coast, to provide more room for testing and greater secrecy. This version was reliable, and by 1941 the team had fired about 70 A5 rockets. The first A4 flew in March 1942, flying about <span style="white-space:nowrap">1.6 kilometers (1 mi)</span> and crashing into the water. The second launch reached an altitude of <span style="white-space:nowrap">11 kilometers (7 mi)</span> before exploding. The third rocket, launched on 3 October 1942, followed its trajectory perfectly. It landed <span style="white-space:nowrap">193 kilometers (120 mi)</span> away, and reached a height of <span style="white-space:nowrap">83 kilometers (52 mi)</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The highest altitude reached during the war was 174.6 kilometres (108.5 miles) on 20 June 1944.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Production started in 1943 on the rocket. The <a href="/wiki/Blizna_V-2_missile_launch_site" title="Blizna V-2 missile launch site">missile testing ground at Blizna</a> was quickly located by the Polish resistance movement, the <a href="/wiki/Home_Army" title="Home Army">Home Army</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Armia_Krajowa" class="mw-redirect" title="Armia Krajowa">Armia Krajowa</a></i>), thanks to reports from local farmers. Armia Krajowa field agents managed to obtain pieces of the fired rockets by arriving on the scene before German patrols. In early March 1944, <a href="/wiki/MI6" title="MI6">British Intelligence Headquarters</a> received a report of an <i>Armia Krajowa</i> agent (code name: <i>"Makary"</i>) who had covertly surveyed the Blizna <a href="/wiki/Rail_tracks" class="mw-redirect" title="Rail tracks">railway line</a> and observed a <a href="/wiki/Railroad_car" title="Railroad car">freight car</a> heavily guarded by <a href="/wiki/Schutzstaffel" title="Schutzstaffel">SS troops</a> containing <i>"</i>an object which, though covered by a tarpaulin, bore every resemblance to a monstrous torpedo<i>"</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-McGovern_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-McGovern-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Subsequently, a plan was formed to make an attempt to capture a complete unexploded V2 rocket and transport it to Britain. Around 20 May 1944, a relatively undamaged V2 rocket fell on the swampy bank of the <a href="/wiki/Bug_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Bug River">Bug River</a> near the village of Sarnaki, and local Poles concealed it before German arrival. The rocket was then dismantled and smuggled across Poland.<sup id="cite_ref-Wojewódzki_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wojewódzki-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In late July 1944, the <a href="/wiki/Polish_resistance_movement_in_World_War_II" title="Polish resistance movement in World War II">Polish resistance</a> secretly transported parts of the rocket out of Poland in <a href="/wiki/Operation_Most_III" title="Operation Most III">Operation Most III</a> (Bridge III),<sup id="cite_ref-RussianSpaceWeb_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-RussianSpaceWeb-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> for analysis by British intelligence. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Projekt_Schwimmweste"><i>Projekt Schwimmweste</i></h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Projekt Schwimmweste"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In late 1943 <a href="/wiki/German_Labour_Front" title="German Labour Front">German Labour Front (<i>Deutsche Arbeitsfront/DAF</i>)</a> Director, Otto Lafferenz, proposed the idea of a towable watertight container which could hold an A4 rocket. This suggestion progressed to the design of a container of 500 tons displacement to be towed behind a U-boat. Once in firing position, the containers would be trimmed to drop their aft end to a vertical position for launch. The project was dubbed <i>Projekt Schwimmweste</i> (German for "Project Life Jacket") and the containers themselves referred to by the codename <i><a href="/wiki/Rocket_U-boat" title="Rocket U-boat">Prüfstand XII</a></i> (German for "Test Rig XII"). Work on the containers was carried out by the <a href="/wiki/Vulkanwerft_concentration_camp" title="Vulkanwerft concentration camp">Vulkanwerft</a>, and a single example was completed by the end of the war, but never tested with a rocket launch.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><span class="anchor" id="A9"></span><span class="anchor" id="A4b"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A4b/A9"><span id="A4b.2FA9"></span>A4b/A9</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: A4b/A9"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In anticipation of the possibility that launch sites might be forced back into the Reich itself, von Braun and his colleagues were pressured to develop a longer-range version of the A4 known alternatively as A9 and A4b, the reason for the dual designation being that the A4 series had received "national priority"; the A4b designation ensured the availability of scarce resources.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199663,_93,_250,_283_23-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199663,_93,_250,_283-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In June 1939, Kurt Patt of the <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde#HVP_Organization" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde Design Office</a>, proposed wings for converting rocket speed and altitude into aerodynamic <a href="/wiki/Lift_(force)" title="Lift (force)">lift</a> and range.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199692_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199692-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As the rocket encountered thicker atmosphere on its descent phase, it would execute a pullout and enter a shallow glide, trading speed for distance. Patt also proposed the <i>Flossengeschoss</i> (fin projectile). Both concepts were utilized by Walter Dornberger when he drafted a memo for presentation to Hitler regarding the "America rocket" on 31 July 1940.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996138,_283_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996138,_283-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Design studies on the A9 began in 1940. In addition to its wings, the A9 would have been somewhat larger than the A4 and its engine would have produced about 30% more thrust. Following wind tunnel testing of models, the design was subsequently modified to replace the wings with fuselage <a href="/wiki/Strake_(aviation)" class="mw-redirect" title="Strake (aviation)">strakes</a>, as the tests showed that these provided better lift at supersonic speeds and also solved the problem of <a href="/wiki/Transonic" title="Transonic">transonic</a> shift of the center of lift. </p><p>Development was suspended in 1941, but in 1944 several V2s were modified to an approximation of the A9 configuration under the designation A4b.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200090–91_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200090–91-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It was calculated that by fitting wings, the A4's range would be extended to 750 km (470 mi), allowing targets in Britain to be attacked from launch sites within Germany. It was intended that following launch the curve of the A4b's trajectory would become shallower and the rocket would glide toward its target. It was anticipated that interception by enemy aircraft at the end of the glide phase would be almost impossible, as over the target the A-4b was intended to enter a near vertical dive, leaving little time for interception. </p><p>The A4b concept was tested by fitting swept back wings to two A4s launched from Blizna. Little development work had been carried out, and the first launch on 27 December 1944 was a complete failure. The second launch attempt, on 24 January 1945, was partially successful, in that the wing broke off, but the A4b still managed to become the first winged guided missile to break the <a href="/wiki/Sound_barrier" title="Sound barrier">sound barrier</a> and attain <a href="/wiki/Mach_number" title="Mach number">Mach</a> 4.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200087_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200087-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-harvey_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-harvey-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 219">: 219 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Variations_–_Planned,_not_built"><span id="Variations_.E2.80.93_Planned.2C_not_built"></span>Variations – Planned, not built</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Variations – Planned, not built"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A6">A6</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: A6"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A6 was a designation applied to a variant of the A5 test rocket which used different propellants.<sup id="cite_ref-juergen_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juergen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Some sources indicate that it was also applied to a speculative proposal for a crewed <a href="/wiki/Aerial_reconnaissance" title="Aerial reconnaissance">aerial reconnaissance</a> version of the A4b winged variant of the A4. This A6 was initially proposed to the German Air Ministry as an uninterceptable reconnaissance craft. It would be launched vertically by rocket, taking it to an apogee of 95 km (59 mi); after re-entering the atmosphere it would enter a supersonic glide phase, when its single <a href="/wiki/Ramjet" title="Ramjet">ramjet</a> would be ignited. It was hoped that this would provide 15 to 20 minutes of cruise at 2,900 km/h (1,800 mph) and would allow the aircraft to return to its base and make a conventional runway landing assisted by a <a href="/wiki/Drag_chute" class="mw-redirect" title="Drag chute">drag chute</a>. However, the Air Ministry had no requirement for such an aircraft and the proposal was rejected. Similar concepts (though uncrewed) were produced after the war in the form of the US <a href="/wiki/SM-64_Navaho" title="SM-64 Navaho">SM-64 Navaho</a> missile and the USSR's <a href="/wiki/Burya" title="Burya">Burya</a>, both intercontinental cruise missiles with ramjet propulsion.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A7">A7</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: A7"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A7 was a winged design that was never fully constructed. It was worked on between 1940 and 1943 at Peenemünde for the <i><a href="/wiki/Kriegsmarine" title="Kriegsmarine">Kriegsmarine</a></i>. The A7 was similar in structure to the A5, but had larger tail unit fins (1.621 m<sup>2</sup>) in order to obtain greater range in gliding flight. Two unpowered models of the A7 were dropped from aeroplanes in order to test flight stability; no powered test was ever performed. The finished rocket should have produced a takeoff thrust of 15 kN and a takeoff weight of 1000 kg. The design had a diameter of 0.38 m and a length of 5.91 m.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A8">A8</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: A8"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A8 was a proposed "stretched" variant of the A4, to use storable <a href="/wiki/Rocket_propellant" title="Rocket propellant">rocket propellants</a> (most likely <a href="/wiki/Nitric_acid" title="Nitric acid">nitric acid</a> & kerosene). The design never reached the prototype stage, but further design work was carried out after the war by a German rocket team in France as the "<a href="/wiki/Super_V-2" title="Super V-2">Super V-2</a>". The project was eventually cancelled, but led to the French <a href="/wiki/V%C3%A9ronique_(rocket)" title="Véronique (rocket)">Véronique</a> and <a href="/wiki/Diamant" title="Diamant">Diamant</a> rocket projects.<sup id="cite_ref-juergen_15-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-juergen-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter2000179_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter2000179-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <span class="anchor" id="A9"></span><span class="anchor" id="A10"></span> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A9/A10"><span id="A9.2FA10"></span>A9/A10</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: A9/A10"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:25.5em;border-spacing:2px;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above hproduct" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;"><span class="fn org"> Aggregat 9/10 </span></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="text-align:center;border-bottom:1px solid #aaa;line-height:1.5em;"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:A9_A10_(3D-cutoff).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/A9_A10_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg/220px-A9_A10_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="330" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/A9_A10_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg/330px-A9_A10_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/A9_A10_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg/440px-A9_A10_%283D-cutoff%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="1200" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Type</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/IRBM" class="mw-redirect" title="IRBM">IRBM</a> second stage<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2007)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Service history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">In service</th><td class="infobox-data">test only, not deployed</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Production history</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Manufacturer</th><td class="infobox-data">studied by <a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde#Army_Research_Center_Peenemünde" title="Peenemünde">Army Research Center Peenemünde</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Unit cost</th><td class="infobox-data">none mass-manufactured</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;text-align:center;vertical-align:middle;font-size:110%;">Specifications</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Mass</th><td class="infobox-data">16,259 kg (35,845 pound)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Length</th><td class="infobox-data">14.18 m (46' 6¼")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Diameter</th><td class="infobox-data">1.65 m (5' 5") maximum</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Wingspan</th><td class="infobox-data">3.2 m (10' 6")</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Warhead</th><td class="infobox-data">1000 kg (2204 pound) payload<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962237_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962237-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><hr /></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Engine</th><td class="infobox-data">A9</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Operational<br />range</div></th><td class="infobox-data">800 km (497.1 miles) (single stage flight)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em">Flight altitude</th><td class="infobox-data">190 km (118.1 miles) (single stage flight) or 390 km (242.3 miles) (A9/A10 combination)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip" title="Maximum speed of vehicle or missile">Maximum speed </span></th><td class="infobox-data">3,400 m/s (7,600 mph) (A9/A10 two stage combination)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1em"><div style="line-height:1.25em">Launch<br />platform</div></th><td class="infobox-data">ground launch pad or A10</td></tr></tbody></table> <p>It was proposed to use an advanced version of the A9 to attack targets on the US mainland from launch sites in Europe, for which it would need to be launched atop a booster stage, the A10. </p><p>Design work on the A10 began in 1940, for a projected first flight to take place in 1946. The initial design was carried out by <a href="/wiki/Ludwig_Roth" title="Ludwig Roth">Ludwig Roth</a> und Graupe and was completed on 29 June 1940. Hermann Oberth worked on the design during 1941, and in December 1941 Walter Thiel proposed that the A10 use an engine composed of six bundled A4 engines, which it was thought would give a total thrust of 180 tonnes. </p><p>Work on the A10 was resumed in late 1944 under the <i>Projekt Amerika</i> codename, and the A10's design was amended to incorporate a cluster of 6 A4 combustion chambers feeding into a single expansion nozzle. This was later altered to a large single chamber and single nozzle. Test stands were constructed at Peenemunde for firings of the 200 tonne (440,920 lbf) thrust motor. </p><p>It was considered that existing guidance systems would not be accurate enough over a distance of 5,000 km, and it was decided to make the A9 piloted. The pilot was to be guided on his terminal glide towards the target by radio beacons on U-boats and by automatic weather stations landed in <a href="/wiki/Greenland" title="Greenland">Greenland</a> and <a href="/wiki/Labrador" title="Labrador">Labrador</a>. </p><p>The final design of the A10 booster was approximately 20 m (66 ft) in height. Powered by a 1,670 kN (380,000 lb<sub>f</sub>) thrust rocket burning diesel oil and nitric acid, during its 50-second burn it would have propelled its A9 second stage to a speed of about 4,300 km/h (2,700 mph).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200091–93_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200091–93-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The A9 would then ignite and accelerate an additional 5,760 km/h (3,580 mph), reaching a speed of 10,080 km/h (6,260 mph), a peak altitude of 56 kilometres (35 mi), and covering 4,000 kilometres (2,500 mi) in about 35 minutes. The spent A-10 would descend by brake flaps and parachute to be recovered in the sea and reused.<sup id="cite_ref-walter_3-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-walter-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 130–131">: 130–131 </span></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A11">A11</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: A11"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A11 (<i>Japan Rakete</i>) was a design concept which would have acted as the first stage of a three-stage rocket, the other two stages being the A9 and A10. </p><p>The A11 design was shown by von Braun to US officers in Garmisch-Partenkirchen; the drawing was published in 1946 by the US Army. The A11 was shown as using six of the large single-chamber engines proposed for the A10 stage, with a modified A10 second stage nested within the A11. The design also showed the winged A9, indicating a gliding landing or bombing mission. To achieve orbit, either a new "kick stage" would have been required, or the A9 would have to have been lightened. In either case, a payload of approximately 300 kg (660 lb) could have been placed in a low Earth orbit, roughly equivalent to the modern-day <a href="/wiki/Electron_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Electron (rocket)">Electron rocket</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200094_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200094-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="A12">A12</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: A12"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The A12 design if built would have been an <a href="/wiki/Orbital_spaceflight" title="Orbital spaceflight">orbital rocket</a>. It was proposed as a four-stage vehicle, comprising A12, A11, A10 and A9 stages. Calculations suggested it could place as much as 10 tonnes payload in <a href="/wiki/Low_Earth_orbit" title="Low Earth orbit">low Earth orbit</a>, comparable to the later <a href="/wiki/Saturn_I" title="Saturn I">Saturn I</a> rocket of the <a href="/wiki/Apollo_program" title="Apollo program">Apollo program</a>. </p><p>The A12 stage itself would have weighed around 3,500 tonnes fully fueled, and would have stood 33 m (108 ft) high. It was to have been propelled by 50 A10 engines, fueled by <a href="/wiki/Liquid_oxygen" title="Liquid oxygen">liquid oxygen</a> and ethanol.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200095_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200095-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Citations">Citations</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Citations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 32em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weebau.com/rocket/a1.htm">"Aggregate-1"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aggregate-1&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweebau.com%2Frocket%2Fa1.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-hunley-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-hunley_2-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHunley2008" class="citation book cs1">Hunley, J.D. (2008). <i>Preludes to U.S. Space-Launch Vehicle Technology: Goddard Rockets to Minuteman III</i>. Gainesville: University Press of Florida. pp. <span class="nowrap">47–</span>49, 56, 70. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780813031774" title="Special:BookSources/9780813031774"><bdi>9780813031774</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Preludes+to+U.S.+Space-Launch+Vehicle+Technology%3A+Goddard+Rockets+to+Minuteman+III&rft.place=Gainesville&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E47-%3C%2Fspan%3E49%2C+56%2C+70&rft.pub=University+Press+of+Florida&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=9780813031774&rft.aulast=Hunley&rft.aufirst=J.D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-walter-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-walter_3-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDornberger1954" class="citation book cs1">Dornberger, Walter (1954). <i>V-2</i>. New York: The Viking Press, Inc. pp. <span class="nowrap">38–</span>41.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V-2&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E38-%3C%2Fspan%3E41&rft.pub=The+Viking+Press%2C+Inc.&rft.date=1954&rft.aulast=Dornberger&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-sutton-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-sutton_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sutton_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-sutton_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2006" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, George (2006). <i>History of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engines</i>. Reston: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. pp. <span class="nowrap">740–</span>742. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9781563476495" title="Special:BookSources/9781563476495"><bdi>9781563476495</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Liquid+Propellant+Rocket+Engines&rft.place=Reston&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E740-%3C%2Fspan%3E742&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Aeronautics+and+Astronautics&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9781563476495&rft.aulast=Sutton&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Raketenaggregate „A1" und „A2"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aggregat-2.de/geschichte.html"><i>Aggregat 2</i></a> (in German), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">DE</a>, 9 January 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Raketenaggregate+%E2%80%9EA1%E2%80%9C+und+%E2%80%9EA2%E2%80%9C&rft.btitle=Aggregat+2&rft.place=DE&rft.date=2005-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aggregat-2.de%2Fgeschichte.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Neufeld, M.J. <i>Von Braun: Dreamer of Space, Engineer of War</i>. New York: Knopf, 2007. p 75.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962233-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962233_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuzel1962">Huzel 1962</a>, p. 233.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199681-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199681_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, p. 81.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962236-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962236_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuzel1962">Huzel 1962</a>, p. 236.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199684–85-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199684–85_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, pp. 84–85.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962235-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962235_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuzel1962">Huzel 1962</a>, p. 235.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://weebau.com/rocket/a3.htm">"Aggregate-3"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aggregate-3&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fweebau.com%2Frocket%2Fa3.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996102–5_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, pp. 102–5.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996105-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996105_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, p. 105.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-juergen-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-juergen_15-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-juergen_15-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-juergen_15-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMichelsPrzybilski1997" class="citation book cs1">Michels, Juergen; Przybilski, Olaf (1997). <i>Peenemünde und seine Erben in Ost und West</i>. Bonn: Bernard & Graefe.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peenem%C3%BCnde+und+seine+Erben+in+Ost+und+West&rft.place=Bonn&rft.pub=Bernard+%26+Graefe&rft.date=1997&rft.aulast=Michels&rft.aufirst=Juergen&rft.au=Przybilski%2C+Olaf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarber201711-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEBarber201711_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFBarber2017">Barber 2017</a>, p. 11.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDornberger1985" class="citation cs2">Dornberger, Walter (1985), <i>Peenemuende</i>, Berlin: Moewig, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-8118-4341-9" title="Special:BookSources/3-8118-4341-9"><bdi>3-8118-4341-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peenemuende&rft.place=Berlin&rft.pub=Moewig&rft.date=1985&rft.isbn=3-8118-4341-9&rft.aulast=Dornberger&rft.aufirst=Walter&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-McGovern-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-McGovern_19-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcGovern1964" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/James_%22Earthquake_McGoon%22_McGovern_Jr." class="mw-redirect" title="James "Earthquake McGoon" McGovern Jr.">McGovern, James</a> (1964). <i>Crossbow and Overcast</i>. New York: W. Morrow. p. 42.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Crossbow+and+Overcast&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=42&rft.pub=W.+Morrow&rft.date=1964&rft.aulast=McGovern&rft.aufirst=James&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Wojewódzki-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Wojewódzki_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWojewódzki1984" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Wojewódzki, Michał (1984). <i>Akcja V-1, V-2</i> (in Polish). Warsaw. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/83-211-0521-1" title="Special:BookSources/83-211-0521-1"><bdi>83-211-0521-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Akcja+V-1%2C+V-2&rft.place=Warsaw&rft.date=1984&rft.isbn=83-211-0521-1&rft.aulast=Wojew%C3%B3dzki&rft.aufirst=Micha%C5%82&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-RussianSpaceWeb-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-RussianSpaceWeb_21-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#Anatoly69">Zak, Anatoly</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:BROKENSECTIONLINKS"><span title=" (2024-08-02)">broken anchor</span></a></i>]</sup>: Russian Space Web: 2009</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaterson2009" class="citation book cs1">Paterson, Lawrence (2009). <i>Black Flag: The Surrender of Germany's U-Boat Forces</i>. MBI. pp. <span class="nowrap">57–</span>58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3754-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7603-3754-7"><bdi>978-0-7603-3754-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Black+Flag%3A+The+Surrender+of+Germany%27s+U-Boat+Forces&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E57-%3C%2Fspan%3E58&rft.pub=MBI&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7603-3754-7&rft.aulast=Paterson&rft.aufirst=Lawrence&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199663,_93,_250,_283-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199663,_93,_250,_283_23-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, pp. 63, 93, 250, 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld199692-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld199692_24-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, p. 92.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996138,_283-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENeufeld1996138,_283_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNeufeld1996">Neufeld 1996</a>, pp. 138, 283.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200090–91-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200090–91_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2000">Reuter 2000</a>, pp. 90–91.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200087-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200087_27-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2000">Reuter 2000</a>, p. 87.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-harvey-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-harvey_28-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHarvey2003" class="citation book cs1">Harvey, Brian (2003). <i>Europe's space programme: to Ariane and beyond</i>. Springer. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-722-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-85233-722-3"><bdi>978-1-85233-722-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Europe%27s+space+programme%3A+to+Ariane+and+beyond&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Springer&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=978-1-85233-722-3&rft.aulast=Harvey&rft.aufirst=Brian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100107181026/http://astronautix.com/lvs/a6.htm">"A6"</a>. Astronautix. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/lvs/a6.htm">the original</a> on 7 January 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=A6&rft.pub=Astronautix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Flvs%2Fa6.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter2000179-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter2000179_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2000">Reuter 2000</a>, p. 179.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962237-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEHuzel1962237_31-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFHuzel1962">Huzel 1962</a>, p. 237.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200091–93-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200091–93_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2000">Reuter 2000</a>, pp. 91–93.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200094-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200094_33-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2000">Reuter 2000</a>, p. 94.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEReuter200095-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEReuter200095_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFReuter2000">Reuter 2000</a>, p. 95.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarber2017" class="citation cs2">Barber, Murray R. (2017), <i>V2 The A4 Rocket From Peenemünde To Redstone</i>, Crecy Publications, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-90653-753-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-90653-753-1"><bdi>978-1-90653-753-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V2+The+A4+Rocket+From+Peenem%C3%BCnde+To+Redstone&rft.pub=Crecy+Publications&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-90653-753-1&rft.aulast=Barber&rft.aufirst=Murray+R.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHuzel1962" class="citation cs2">Huzel, Dieter K. (1981) [1962], <i>Peenemünde to Canaveral</i> (reprint ed.), Greenwood Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-313-22928-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-313-22928-7"><bdi>0-313-22928-7</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peenem%C3%BCnde+to+Canaveral&rft.edition=reprint&rft.pub=Greenwood+Press&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=0-313-22928-7&rft.aulast=Huzel&rft.aufirst=Dieter+K.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeufeld1996" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Michael_J._Neufeld" title="Michael J. Neufeld">Neufeld, Michael</a> (1996), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=5jMoAQAAMAAJ"><i>The Rocket and the Reich: Peenemünde and the Coming of the Ballistic Missile Era</i></a>, <a href="/wiki/Cambridge,_Massachusetts" title="Cambridge, Massachusetts">Cambridge</a>, <a href="/wiki/Massachusetts" title="Massachusetts">MA</a>: <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University_Press" title="Harvard University Press">Harvard University Press</a>, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-674-77650-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-674-77650-X"><bdi>0-674-77650-X</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Rocket+and+the+Reich%3A+Peenem%C3%BCnde+and+the+Coming+of+the+Ballistic+Missile+Era&rft.place=Cambridge%2C+MA&rft.pub=Harvard+University+Press&rft.date=1996&rft.isbn=0-674-77650-X&rft.aulast=Neufeld&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D5jMoAQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReuter2000" class="citation cs2">Reuter, Claus (2000), <i>The V2 and the German, Russian and American Rocket Program</i>, German Canadian Museum, p. 87, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-894643-05-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-894643-05-4"><bdi>978-1-894643-05-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+V2+and+the+German%2C+Russian+and+American+Rocket+Program&rft.pages=87&rft.pub=German+Canadian+Museum&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-1-894643-05-4&rft.aulast=Reuter&rft.aufirst=Claus&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.astronautix.com/a/a1.html">"A1"</a>, <i>Encyclopedia Astronautica</i>, Astronautix</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=A1&rft.btitle=Encyclopedia+Astronautica&rft.pub=Astronautix&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.astronautix.com%2Fa%2Fa1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227224008/http://astronautix.com/a/a2.html">A2</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227201142/http://astronautix.com/a/a3.html">A3</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161227193444/http://astronautix.com/a/a5.html">A5</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228020831/http://astronautix.com/a/a7.html">A7</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228022105/http://astronautix.com/a/a8.html">A8</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228075939/http://astronautix.com/a/a-9.html">A-9</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228031113/http://astronautix.com/a/a-10engine.html">A-10 engine</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228020157/http://astronautix.com/a/a9a10a11.html">A9/A10/A11</a>, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161228023725/http://astronautix.com/a/a9a10a11a12.html">A9/A10/A11/A12</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110614080215/http://www.kheichhorn.de/html/body_v2_emw_a4b_.html"><i>V2 EMW A4b die bemannte Rakete</i></a> (in German), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">DE</a>: Khiechhorn, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.kheichhorn.de/html/body_v2_emw_a4b_.html">the original</a> on 14 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 August</span> 2007</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=V2+EMW+A4b+die+bemannte+Rakete&rft.place=DE&rft.pub=Khiechhorn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.kheichhorn.de%2Fhtml%2Fbody_v2_emw_a4b_.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">"Neubau", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aggregat-2.de/neubau.html"><i>Aggregat 2</i></a> (in German), <a href="/wiki/Germany" title="Germany">DE</a>, 9 January 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Neubau&rft.btitle=Aggregat+2&rft.place=DE&rft.date=2005-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aggregat-2.de%2Fneubau.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Aggregat 1", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://aggregat1.aggregat-2.de/"><i>Aggregat 2</i></a>, DE, 9 January 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aggregat+1&rft.btitle=Aggregat+2&rft.place=DE&rft.date=2005-01-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Faggregat1.aggregat-2.de%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Citation" title="Template:Citation">citation</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">link</a>)</span>. Technical discussion of the A1 (in German), by the same author as the above A2 site. The author has examined primary sources; based on them, he claims that widely repeated data about the A1 is mostly in error.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.digipeer.de/index.php?static=52"><i>Original drawings from the development of A4/V2 and others</i></a> (in German), DE: Digipeer, <q>20,000</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Original+drawings+from+the+development+of+A4%2FV2+and+others&rft.place=DE&rft.pub=Digipeer&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.digipeer.de%2Findex.php%3Fstatic%3D52&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bernd-leitenberger.de/a4.shtml"><i>The A4 Rocket Part 1</i></a> (in German), DE: Bernd Leitenberger</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A4+Rocket+Part+1&rft.place=DE&rft.pub=Bernd+Leitenberger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernd-leitenberger.de%2Fa4.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.bernd-leitenberger.de/a4-2.shtml"><i>The A4 Rocket Part 2</i></a> (in German), DE: Bernd Leitenberger</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+A4+Rocket+Part+2&rft.place=DE&rft.pub=Bernd+Leitenberger&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bernd-leitenberger.de%2Fa4-2.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Part Two", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050526090505/http://www.aeromuseum.org/Articles/Oct04/V2PartTwo.htm"><i>V2</i></a> (article), Aerospace museum, October 2004, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.aeromuseum.org/Articles/Oct04/V2PartTwo.htm">the original</a> on 26 May 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Part+Two&rft.btitle=V2&rft.pub=Aerospace+museum&rft.date=2004-10&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aeromuseum.org%2FArticles%2FOct04%2FV2PartTwo.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050410094914/http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/space/lectures/lec04.html"><i>Space</i></a> (lecture), University of Oregon, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~js/space/lectures/lec04.html">the original</a> on 10 April 2005</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Space&rft.pub=University+of+Oregon&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fzebu.uoregon.edu%2F~js%2Fspace%2Flectures%2Flec04.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130625233724/http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/mwade/lvs/a8.htm"><i>A8 statistics</i></a>, Friends-partners, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.friends-partners.org/partners/mwade/lvs/a8.htm">the original</a> on 25 June 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2005</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A8+statistics&rft.pub=Friends-partners&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.friends-partners.org%2Fpartners%2Fmwade%2Flvs%2Fa8.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDornbergerRees1981" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dornberger" title="Walter Dornberger">Dornberger, Walter</a>; Rees, Eberhard (1981), <i>Peenemünde : die Geschichte der V-Waffen</i> (in German), Germany: Bechtle, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-7628-0404-4" title="Special:BookSources/3-7628-0404-4"><bdi>3-7628-0404-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Peenem%C3%BCnde+%3A+die+Geschichte+der+V-Waffen&rft.place=Germany&rft.pub=Bechtle&rft.date=1981&rft.isbn=3-7628-0404-4&rft.aulast=Dornberger&rft.aufirst=Walter&rft.au=Rees%2C+Eberhard&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2">"Reconstruction, restoration & refurbishment of a V-2 rocket", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130615193007/http://nasatech.net/V-2/"><i>Nasa tech</i></a> (spherical panoramas of the process and milestones), archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nasatech.net/V-2/">the original</a> on 15 June 2013</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Reconstruction%2C+restoration+%26+refurbishment+of+a+V-2+rocket&rft.btitle=Nasa+tech&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnasatech.net%2FV-2%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAggregat" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Rocket_families148" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Rocket_families" title="Template:Rocket families"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Rocket_families" title="Template talk:Rocket families"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket_families" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Rocket families"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Rocket_families148" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Rocket families</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Carrier rockets</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">China</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_(rocket_family)" title="Long March (rocket family)">Long March</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_1_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 1 (rocket family)">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_2_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 2 (rocket family)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_3_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 3 (rocket family)">3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_4_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 4 (rocket family)">4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_5_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Long March 5 (rocket family)">5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_6" title="Long March 6">6</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_7" title="Long March 7">7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_8" title="Long March 8">8</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_11" title="Long March 11">11</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_March_12" title="Long March 12">12</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuaizhou" title="Kuaizhou">Kuaizhou</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe / ESA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ariane_(rocket_family)" title="Ariane (rocket family)">Ariane</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diamant_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Diamant (rocket)">Diamant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europa_(rocket)" title="Europa (rocket)">Europa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vega_(rocket)" title="Vega (rocket)">Vega</a></li> <li>Miura <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Miura_1" title="Miura 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miura_5" title="Miura 5">5</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">India</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/PSLV" class="mw-redirect" title="PSLV">PSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GSLV" class="mw-redirect" title="GSLV">GSLV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LVM3" title="LVM3">LVM3</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Japan</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Epsilon_(rocket)" title="Epsilon (rocket)">Epsilon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/H-II" title="H-II">H-II</a> / <a href="/wiki/H-IIA" title="H-IIA">H-IIA</a> / <a href="/wiki/H-IIB" title="H-IIB">H-IIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mu_(rocket_family)" title="Mu (rocket family)">Mu</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South Korea</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>KSLV <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Naro-1" title="Naro-1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nuri_(rocket)" title="Nuri (rocket)">2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KSLV-III" title="KSLV-III">3</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet Union / Russia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Angara_(rocket_family)" title="Angara (rocket family)">Angara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kosmos_(rocket_family)" title="Kosmos (rocket family)">Kosmos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/N1_(rocket)" title="N1 (rocket)">N1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proton_(rocket_family)" title="Proton (rocket family)">Proton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Molniya-M" title="Molniya-M">Molniya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Soyuz_(rocket_family)" title="Soyuz (rocket family)">Soyuz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vostok_(rocket_family)" title="Vostok (rocket family)">Vostok</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Soviet Union / Ukraine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tsyklon" title="Tsyklon">Tsyklon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zenit_(rocket_family)" title="Zenit (rocket family)">Zenit</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">United States</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antares_(rocket)" title="Antares (rocket)">Antares</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Athena_(rocket_family)" title="Athena (rocket family)">Athena</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atlas_(rocket_family)" title="Atlas (rocket family)">Atlas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delta_(rocket_family)" title="Delta (rocket family)">Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_Lab_Electron" title="Rocket Lab Electron">Electron</a></li> <li>Falcon <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_1" title="Falcon 1">1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_9" title="Falcon 9">9</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Falcon_Heavy" title="Falcon Heavy">Heavy</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-19_Jupiter" title="PGM-19 Jupiter">Jupiter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minotaur_(rocket_family)" title="Minotaur (rocket family)">Minotaur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pegasus_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pegasus (rocket)">Pegasus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saturn_(rocket_family)" title="Saturn (rocket family)">Saturn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scout_(rocket_family)" title="Scout (rocket family)">Scout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titan_(rocket_family)" title="Titan (rocket family)">Titan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thor_(rocket_family)" title="Thor (rocket family)">Thor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other nations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Safir_(rocket)" title="Safir (rocket)">Safir</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shavit_(rocket)" class="mw-redirect" title="Shavit (rocket)">Shavit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unha" title="Unha">Unha</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sounding_rocket" title="Sounding rocket">Sounding rockets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Black_Brant_(rocket)" title="Black Brant (rocket)">Black Brant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambda_(rocket_family)" title="Lambda (rocket family)">Lambda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rohini_(rocket_family)" title="Rohini (rocket family)">Rohini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rehbar_(rocket_family)" title="Rehbar (rocket family)">Rehbar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skylark_(rocket)" title="Skylark (rocket)">Skylark</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Missiles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aggregat_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggregat (rocket family)">Aggregat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agni_(missile)" title="Agni (missile)">Agni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-30_Minuteman" title="LGM-30 Minuteman">Minuteman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGM-118_Peacekeeper" title="LGM-118 Peacekeeper">Peacekeeper</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Redstone_(rocket_family)" title="Redstone (rocket family)">Redstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-7_(rocket_family)" title="R-7 (rocket family)">R-7</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-7_Semyorka" title="R-7 Semyorka">Semyorka</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-36_(missile)" title="R-36 (missile)">R-36</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RS-82_(rocket_family)" title="RS-82 (rocket family)">RS-82</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Universal_Rocket" title="Universal Rocket">Universal Rocket</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li>Some families include both missiles and carrier rockets; they are listed in both groups.</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="German_WWII_V-weapons3534" style=";wide;padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background-color:#C3D6EF;color:inherit;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:V-weapons" title="Template:V-weapons"><abbr title="View this template" style="color:inherit">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:V-weapons" title="Template talk:V-weapons"><abbr title="Discuss this template" style="color:inherit">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:V-weapons" title="Special:EditPage/Template:V-weapons"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:inherit">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="German_WWII_V-weapons3534" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">German</a> WWII <a href="/wiki/V-weapons" title="V-weapons">V-weapons</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb" title="V-1 flying bomb">V-1 flying bomb</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket" title="V-2 rocket">V-2 rocket</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/V-3_cannon" title="V-3 cannon">V-3 cannon</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">V-1</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argus_As_014" title="Argus As 014">Argus As 014</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-1_flying_bomb_facilities" title="V-1 flying bomb facilities">Facilities</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fieseler_Fi_103R_Reichenberg" title="Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg">Fieseler Fi 103R Reichenberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LXV_Army_Corps_(Wehrmacht)" title="LXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)">LXV Army Corps (Wehrmacht)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Airfield" title="Peenemünde Airfield">Peenemünde Airfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawanishi_Baika" title="Kawanishi Baika">Kawanishi Baika</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">V-2</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-2_rocket_facilities_of_World_War_II" title="V-2 rocket facilities of World War II">Facilities</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blizna_V-2_missile_launch_site" title="Blizna V-2 missile launch site">Blizna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greifswalder_Oie" title="Greifswalder Oie">Greifswalder Oie</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Meillerwagen" title="Meillerwagen">Meillerwagen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wernher_von_Braun" title="Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Dornberger" title="Walter Dornberger">Walter Dornberger</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Peenemünde">Peenemünde</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Peenem%C3%BCnde_Army_Research_Center" title="Peenemünde Army Research Center">Army Research Center</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Test_Stand_VII" title="Test Stand VII">Test Stand VII</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_V-2_test_launches" title="List of V-2 test launches">Test launches</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sweden_during_World_War_II#The_Bäckebo_rocket" title="Sweden during World War II">The Bäckebo rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MW_18014" title="MW 18014">MW 18014</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rocket_U-boat" title="Rocket U-boat">Rocket U-boat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Rudolph" title="Arthur Rudolph">Arthur Rudolph</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Staveley_Road" title="Staveley Road">Staveley Road</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Construction and bunkers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mittelwerk" title="Mittelwerk">Mittelwerk</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mittelbau-Dora" class="mw-redirect" title="Mittelbau-Dora">Mittelbau-Dora</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nucourt" title="Nucourt">Nucourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sottevast_V2_bunker" title="Sottevast V2 bunker">Sottevast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint-Leu-d%27Esserent" title="Saint-Leu-d'Esserent">Saint-Leu-d'Esserent</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Br%C3%A9court" title="Brécourt">Brécourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siracourt_V-1_bunker" title="Siracourt V-1 bunker">Siracourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blockhaus_d%27%C3%89perlecques" title="Blockhaus d'Éperlecques">Blockhaus d'Éperlecques (Watten)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_Coupole" title="La Coupole">La Coupole (Wizernes)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lehesten" title="Lehesten">Lehesten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raxwerke" title="Raxwerke">Raxwerke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortress_of_Mimoyecques" title="Fortress of Mimoyecques">Fortress of Mimoyecques</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;"><a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> countermeasures</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-1_and_V-2_Intelligence" class="mw-redirect" title="V-1 and V-2 Intelligence">Intelligence</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Double_Cross_System#V-weapons_deception" class="mw-redirect" title="Double Cross System">Double agents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Home_Army_and_V-1_and_V-2" class="mw-redirect" title="Home Army and V-1 and V-2">Polish Home Army</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Most_III" title="Operation Most III">Operation Most III</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A9seau_AGIR" title="Réseau AGIR">Réseau AGIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow" title="Operation Crossbow">Operation Crossbow</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Hydra_(1943)" title="Operation Hydra (1943)">Operation Hydra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bombing_of_Peenem%C3%BCnde_in_World_War_II" title="Bombing of Peenemünde in World War II">Bombing of Peenemünde</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow_Site" title="Operation Crossbow Site">Operation Crossbow Site</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Aphrodite" title="Operation Aphrodite">Operation Aphrodite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Diver" title="Operation Diver">Operation Diver</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Teardrop" title="Operation Teardrop">Operation Teardrop</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Danny" title="Project Danny">Project Danny</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrage_balloon" title="Barrage balloon">Barrage balloon</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related weapons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wasserfall" title="Wasserfall">Wasserfall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aggregat_(rocket_family)" class="mw-redirect" title="Aggregat (rocket family)">Aggregat rockets</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wunderwaffe" title="Wunderwaffe">Wunderwaffe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_German_guided_weapons_of_World_War_II" title="List of German guided weapons of World War II">WWII guided missiles of Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rheinbote" title="Rheinbote">Rheinbote</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Post-WWII development</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0;;wide"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">USA</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Republic-Ford_JB-2" title="Republic-Ford JB-2">Republic-Ford JB-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MGM-1_Matador" title="MGM-1 Matador">MGM-1 Matador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/PGM-11_Redstone" title="PGM-11 Redstone">PGM-11 Redstone</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hermes_(missile_program)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hermes (missile program)">Hermes Project</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Upper_Atmosphere_Research_Panel" title="Upper Atmosphere Research Panel">Upper Atmosphere Research Panel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Paperclip" title="Operation Paperclip">Operation Paperclip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Sands_V-2_Launching_Site" title="White Sands V-2 Launching Site">White Sands V-2 Launching Site</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/V-2_sounding_rocket" title="V-2 sounding rocket">V-2 sounding rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-2_No._13" title="V-2 No. 13">V-2 No. 13</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTV-G-4_Bumper" title="RTV-G-4 Bumper">Bumper Rocket</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operations_Sandy_and_Pushover" title="Operations Sandy and Pushover">Operations Sandy and Pushover</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/R-1_(missile)" title="R-1 (missile)">R-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-2_(missile)" title="R-2 (missile)">R-2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dongfeng_(missile)#Dongfeng_1_(SS-2)" title="Dongfeng (missile)">DF-1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Operation_Backfire_(WWII)" class="mw-redirect" title="Operation Backfire (WWII)">Operation Backfire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Project_Big_Ben" title="Project Big Ben">Project Big Ben</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_rockets" title="Ghost rockets">Ghost rockets</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">In fiction</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_V-1" title="Battle of the V-1">Battle of the V-1</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/633_Squadron" title="633 Squadron">633 Squadron</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gravity%27s_Rainbow" title="Gravity's Rainbow">Gravity's Rainbow</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ministry_of_Space" title="Ministry of Space">Ministry of Space</a></i></li> <li><i> <a href="/wiki/Operation_Crossbow_(film)" title="Operation Crossbow (film)">Operation Crossbow</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;background-color:#DCDCDC;color:inherit;">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Historical_Technical_Museum,_Peenem%C3%BCnde" title="Historical Technical Museum, Peenemünde">Peenemünde Historical Technical Museum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monkeys_and_apes_in_space#United_States" title="Monkeys and apes in space">Monkeys in space</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&oldid=1270760681">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&oldid=1270760681</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Ballistic_missiles_of_Germany" title="Category:Ballistic missiles of Germany">Ballistic missiles of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:V-weapons" title="Category:V-weapons">V-weapons</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:World_War_II_guided_missiles_of_Germany" title="Category:World War II guided missiles of Germany">World War II guided missiles of Germany</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Weapons_and_ammunition_introduced_in_1933" title="Category:Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1933">Weapons and ammunition introduced in 1933</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Wernher_von_Braun" title="Category:Wernher von Braun">Wernher von Braun</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:German_inventions" title="Category:German inventions">German inventions</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Rocket_families" title="Category:Rocket families">Rocket families</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_location_missing_publisher" title="Category:CS1 maint: location missing publisher">CS1 maint: location missing publisher</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_German-language_sources_(de)" title="Category:CS1 German-language sources (de)">CS1 German-language sources (de)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_Polish-language_sources_(pl)" title="Category:CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)">CS1 Polish-language sources (pl)</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_broken_anchors" title="Category:Pages with broken anchors">Pages with broken anchors</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_is_different_from_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description is different from Wikidata">Short description is different from Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_American_English_from_October_2022" title="Category:Use American English from October 2022">Use American English from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_Wikipedia_articles_written_in_American_English" title="Category:All Wikipedia articles written in American English">All Wikipedia articles written in American English</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Use_dmy_dates_from_October_2022" title="Category:Use dmy dates from October 2022">Use dmy dates from October 2022</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_with_unsourced_statements" title="Category:All articles with unsourced statements">All articles with unsourced statements</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_August_2021" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021">Articles with unsourced statements from August 2021</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_unsourced_statements_from_September_2007" title="Category:Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007">Articles with unsourced statements from September 2007</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 21 January 2025, at 03:12<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a> and <a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="foundation:Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy policy">Privacy Policy</a>. Wikipedia® is a registered trademark of the <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.</a>, a non-profit organization.</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy policy</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:About">About Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:General_disclaimer">Disclaimers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-contact"><a href="//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Contact_us">Contact Wikipedia</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">Code of Conduct</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">Developers</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/en.wikipedia.org">Statistics</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">Cookie statement</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//en.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Aggregat&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">Mobile view</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" lang="en" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><picture><source media="(min-width: 500px)" srcset="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" width="88" height="31"><img src="/w/resources/assets/mediawiki_compact.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="25" height="25" loading="lazy"></picture></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-header-container vector-sticky-header-container"> <div id="vector-sticky-header" class="vector-sticky-header"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-start"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-start vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" aria-hidden="true"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-sticky-header-search-toggle" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.vector-sticky-search-form.icon"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>Search</span> </button> </div> <div role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box"> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="vector-sticky-search-form" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="Search Wikipedia"> <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="Special:Search"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">Search</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-sticky-header-toc vector-sticky-header-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-sticky-header-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-sticky-header-toc-label" for="vector-sticky-header-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-sticky-header-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div class="vector-sticky-header-context-bar-primary" aria-hidden="true" ><i>Aggregat</i></div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-end" aria-hidden="true"> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icons"> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-talk-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="talk-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbles mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbles"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-subject-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="subject-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-article mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-article"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-history-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="history-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-history mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-history"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only mw-watchlink" id="ca-watchstar-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="watch-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-star mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-star"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="wikitext-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikiText mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-wikiText"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-ve-edit-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-edit mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-edit"></span> <span></span> </a> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only" id="ca-viewsource-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ve-edit-protected-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-editLock mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-editLock"></span> <span></span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-buttons"> <button class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet mw-interlanguage-selector" id="p-lang-btn-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-wikimedia-language"></span> <span>15 languages</span> </button> <a href="#" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive" id="ca-addsection-sticky-header" tabindex="-1" data-event-name="addsection-sticky-header"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-speechBubbleAdd-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-speechBubbleAdd-progressive"></span> <span>Add topic</span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-header-icon-end"> <div class="vector-user-links"> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-nk29v","wgBackendResponseTime":199,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.937","walltime":"1.129","ppvisitednodes":{"value":9212,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":127279,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":7811,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":6,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":111042,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 983.380 1 -total"," 19.94% 196.085 1 Template:Reflist"," 10.98% 107.933 21 Template:Sfn"," 10.37% 101.960 15 Template:Rp"," 10.04% 98.738 18 Template:Citation"," 9.83% 96.620 1 Template:Rocket_families"," 9.66% 95.012 2 Template:Navbox"," 9.52% 93.595 15 Template:R/superscript"," 9.40% 92.434 3 Template:Cite_web"," 9.21% 90.615 1 Template:Infobox_weapon"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.550","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":11450879,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"A1\"] = 1,\n [\"A10\"] = 1,\n [\"A2\"] = 1,\n [\"A3\"] = 1,\n [\"A4\"] = 1,\n [\"A4b\"] = 1,\n [\"A5\"] = 1,\n [\"A9\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBarber2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDornberger1954\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDornberger1985\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDornbergerRees1981\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHarvey2003\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHunley2008\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHuzel1962\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcGovern1964\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMichelsPrzybilski1997\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeufeld1996\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaterson2009\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReuter2000\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSutton2006\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWojewódzki1984\"] = 1,\n [\"V-2_rocket\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"Anchor\"] = 7,\n [\"Broken anchor\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 18,\n [\"Citation needed\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 8,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 3,\n [\"Convert\"] = 40,\n [\"Infobox weapon\"] = 1,\n [\"Italics title\"] = 1,\n [\"Main\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"Rocket families\"] = 1,\n [\"Rp\"] = 15,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 21,\n [\"Sfnref\"] = 1,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use dmy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"V-weapons\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\nciteref_patterns = table#1 {\n}\n"},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-b766959bd-4shcg","timestamp":"20250214041357","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"Aggregat","url":"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Aggregat","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q179099","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q179099","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2005-04-28T22:25:50Z","dateModified":"2025-01-21T03:12:08Z","image":"https:\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/b\/b6\/Aggregate_%283D-comparison%29.jpg","headline":"set of ballistic missile designs developed in 1933\u201345"}</script> </body> </html>