CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html> <html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available" lang="pa" dir="ltr"> <head> <meta charset="UTF-8"> <title>ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼</title> <script>(function(){var className="client-js vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-sticky-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-1 vector-feature-night-mode-enabled skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-toc-available";var cookie=document.cookie.match(/(?:^|; )pawikimwclientpreferences=([^;]+)/);if(cookie){cookie[1].split('%2C').forEach(function(pref){className=className.replace(new RegExp('(^| )'+pref.replace(/-clientpref-\w+$|[^\w-]+/g,'')+'-clientpref-\\w+( |$)'),'$1'+pref+'$2');});}document.documentElement.className=className;}());RLCONF={"wgBreakFrames":false,"wgSeparatorTransformTable":["",""],"wgDigitTransformTable":["",""],"wgDefaultDateFormat":"dmy", "wgMonthNames":["","ਜਨਵਰੀ","ਫ਼ਰਵਰੀ","ਮਾਰਚ","ਅਪਰੈਲ","ਮਈ","ਜੂਨ","ਜੁਲਾਈ","ਅਗਸਤ","ਸਤੰਬਰ","ਅਕਤੂਬਰ","ਨਵੰਬਰ","ਦਸੰਬਰ"],"wgRequestId":"503eb062-c5dd-489a-9500-9e895055438c","wgCanonicalNamespace":"","wgCanonicalSpecialPageName":false,"wgNamespaceNumber":0,"wgPageName":"ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ","wgTitle":"ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ","wgCurRevisionId":706694,"wgRevisionId":706694,"wgArticleId":106960,"wgIsArticle":true,"wgIsRedirect":false,"wgAction":"view","wgUserName":null,"wgUserGroups":["*"],"wgCategories":["Pages using the JsonConfig extension","Webarchive template wayback links","ਸੁਹਜ-ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ"],"wgPageViewLanguage":"pa","wgPageContentLanguage":"pa","wgPageContentModel":"wikitext","wgRelevantPageName":"ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ","wgRelevantArticleId":106960,"wgIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRelevantPageIsProbablyEditable":true,"wgRestrictionEdit":[],"wgRestrictionMove": [],"wgNoticeProject":"wikipedia","wgCiteReferencePreviewsActive":false,"wgMediaViewerOnClick":true,"wgMediaViewerEnabledByDefault":true,"wgPopupsFlags":0,"wgVisualEditor":{"pageLanguageCode":"pa","pageLanguageDir":"ltr","pageVariantFallbacks":"pa"},"wgMFDisplayWikibaseDescriptions":{"search":true,"watchlist":true,"tagline":true,"nearby":true},"wgWMESchemaEditAttemptStepOversample":false,"wgWMEPageLength":10000,"wgRelatedArticlesCompat":[],"wgCentralAuthMobileDomain":false,"wgEditSubmitButtonLabelPublish":true,"wgULSPosition":"interlanguage","wgULSisCompactLinksEnabled":false,"wgVector2022LanguageInHeader":true,"wgULSisLanguageSelectorEmpty":false,"wgWikibaseItemId":"Q28643","wgCheckUserClientHintsHeadersJsApi":["brands","architecture","bitness","fullVersionList","mobile","model","platform","platformVersion"],"GEHomepageSuggestedEditsEnableTopics":true,"wgGETopicsMatchModeEnabled":false,"wgGEStructuredTaskRejectionReasonTextInputEnabled":false,"wgGELevelingUpEnabledForUser":false}; RLSTATE={"ext.globalCssJs.user.styles":"ready","site.styles":"ready","user.styles":"ready","ext.globalCssJs.user":"ready","user":"ready","user.options":"loading","ext.cite.styles":"ready","skins.vector.search.codex.styles":"ready","skins.vector.styles":"ready","skins.vector.icons":"ready","ext.wikimediamessages.styles":"ready","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript":"ready","ext.uls.interlanguage":"ready","wikibase.client.init":"ready","ext.wikimediaBadges":"ready"};RLPAGEMODULES=["ext.cite.ux-enhancements","site","mediawiki.page.ready","mediawiki.toc","skins.vector.js","ext.centralNotice.geoIP","ext.centralNotice.startUp","ext.gadget.ReferenceTooltips","ext.gadget.switcher","ext.gadget.Numeral_converter","ext.urlShortener.toolbar","ext.centralauth.centralautologin","ext.popups","ext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.init","ext.visualEditor.targetLoader","ext.shortUrl","ext.echo.centralauth","ext.eventLogging","ext.wikimediaEvents","ext.navigationTiming","ext.uls.interface", "ext.cx.eventlogging.campaigns","ext.cx.uls.quick.actions","wikibase.client.vector-2022","ext.checkUser.clientHints","ext.growthExperiments.SuggestedEditSession","wikibase.sidebar.tracking"];</script> <script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.loader.impl(function(){return["user.options@12s5i",function($,jQuery,require,module){mw.user.tokens.set({"patrolToken":"+\\","watchToken":"+\\","csrfToken":"+\\"}); }];});});</script> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=ext.cite.styles%7Cext.uls.interlanguage%7Cext.visualEditor.desktopArticleTarget.noscript%7Cext.wikimediaBadges%7Cext.wikimediamessages.styles%7Cskins.vector.icons%2Cstyles%7Cskins.vector.search.codex.styles%7Cwikibase.client.init&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <script async="" src="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=startup&only=scripts&raw=1&skin=vector-2022"></script> <meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content=""> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/w/load.php?lang=pa&modules=site.styles&only=styles&skin=vector-2022"> <meta name="generator" content="MediaWiki 1.44.0-wmf.4"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin"> <meta name="referrer" content="origin-when-cross-origin"> <meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:standard"> <meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=1120"> <meta property="og:title" content="ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ - ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼"> <meta property="og:type" content="website"> <link rel="alternate" media="only screen and (max-width: 640px)" href="//pa.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/x-wiki" title="ਸੋਧੋ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit"> <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/static/apple-touch/wikipedia.png"> <link rel="icon" href="/static/favicon/wikipedia.ico"> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" href="/w/rest.php/v1/search" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ (pa)"> <link rel="EditURI" type="application/rsd+xml" href="//pa.wikipedia.org/w/api.php?action=rsd"> <link rel="canonical" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE"> <link rel="license" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.pa"> <link rel="alternate" type="application/atom+xml" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੀ ਐਟਮ ਫ਼ੀਡ" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82&feed=atom"> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//meta.wikimedia.org" /> <link rel="dns-prefetch" href="//login.wikimedia.org"> </head> <body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject mw-editable page-ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ rootpage-ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ skin-vector-2022 action-view"><a class="mw-jump-link" href="#bodyContent">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</a> <div class="vector-header-container"> <header class="vector-header mw-header"> <div class="vector-header-start"> <nav class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-main-menu-dropdown vector-button-flush-left vector-button-flush-right" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-main-menu-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ" > <label id="vector-main-menu-dropdown-label" for="vector-main-menu-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-menu mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-menu"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-main-menu" class="vector-main-menu vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-main-menu-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="main-menu-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-main-menu" data-pinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-main-menu-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਮੁੱਖ ਮੀਨੂ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-main-menu.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-navigation" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-navigation" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਨੇਵੀਗੇਸ਼ਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-mainpage-description" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" title="ਮੁੱਢਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ [z]" accesskey="z"><span>ਮੁੱਖ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਸੱਥ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5"><span>ਸੱਥ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਹਾਲੀਆ-ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%98%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82"><span>ਹਾਲੀਆ ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ-ਸਫ਼ਾ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE"><span>ਬੇਤਰਤੀਬ ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਮਦਦ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80"><span>ਮਦਦ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਦਾਨ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-ਵਿਕੀ_ਰੁਝਾਨ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਵਿਕੀ ਰੁਝਾਨ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="n-ਵਧੇਰੇ-ਵੇਖੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਫ਼ੇ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="http://top.hatnote.com/pa/wikipedia" rel="nofollow"><span>ਵਧੇਰੇ ਵੇਖੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="n-ਅਕਸਰ-ਪੁੱਛੇ-ਜਾਣ-ਵਾਲੇ-ਸਵਾਲ" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%9B%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2"><span>ਅਕਸਰ ਪੁੱਛੇ ਜਾਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਸਵਾਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%96_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE" class="mw-logo"> <img class="mw-logo-icon" src="/static/images/icons/wikipedia.png" alt="" aria-hidden="true" height="50" width="50"> <span class="mw-logo-container skin-invert"> <img class="mw-logo-wordmark" alt="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-wordmark-pa.svg" style="width: 7.5em; height: 1.5625em;"> <img class="mw-logo-tagline" alt="ਇਕ ਅਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਗਿਆਨਕੋਸ਼" src="/static/images/mobile/copyright/wikipedia-tagline-pa.svg" width="120" height="14" style="width: 7.5em; height: 0.875em;"> </span> </a> </div> <div class="vector-header-end"> <div id="p-search" role="search" class="vector-search-box-vue vector-search-box-collapses vector-search-box-show-thumbnail vector-search-box-auto-expand-width vector-search-box"> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only search-toggle" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-search mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-search"></span> <span>ਖੋਜ</span> </a> <div class="vector-typeahead-search-container"> <div class="cdx-typeahead-search cdx-typeahead-search--show-thumbnail cdx-typeahead-search--auto-expand-width"> <form action="/w/index.php" id="searchform" class="cdx-search-input cdx-search-input--has-end-button"> <div id="simpleSearch" class="cdx-search-input__input-wrapper" data-search-loc="header-moved"> <div class="cdx-text-input cdx-text-input--has-start-icon"> <input class="cdx-text-input__input" type="search" name="search" placeholder="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" aria-label="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ" autocapitalize="sentences" title="ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਖੋਜੋ [f]" accesskey="f" id="searchInput" > <span class="cdx-text-input__icon cdx-text-input__start-icon"></span> </div> <input type="hidden" name="title" value="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਖੋਜੋ"> </div> <button class="cdx-button cdx-search-input__end-button">ਖੋਜੋ</button> </form> </div> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-user-links vector-user-links-wide" aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ"> <div class="vector-user-links-main"> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-preferences" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਫੋਂਟ ਦਾ ਆਕਾਰ, ਚੌਡ਼ਾਈ ਅਤੇ ਰੰਗ ਦੀ ਦਿੱਖ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲੋ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਦਿੱਖ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa" class=""><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ" class=""><span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-login-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o" class=""><span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> <div id="vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-user-menu vector-button-flush-right vector-user-menu-logged-out" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-user-links-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-user-links-dropdown-label" for="vector-user-links-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-ellipsis mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-ellipsis"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਨਿੱਜੀ ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-personal" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-personal user-links-collapsible-item" title="User menu" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="https://donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_pa.wikipedia.org&uselang=pa"><span>ਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-createaccount" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A3%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%93&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਤੋਂ ਬਾਅਦ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਕਰਨ ਦੀ ਸਲਾਹ ਦਿੱਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ; ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਹ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>ਖ਼ਾਤਾ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0_%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%87%E0%A8%A8&returnto=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਤੁਹਾਨੂੰ ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਣ ਲਈ ਪ੍ਰੇਰਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; ਪਰ ਇਹ ਕੋਈ ਲਾਜ਼ਮੀ ਨਹੀਂ [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>ਦਾਖ਼ਲ ਹੋਵੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਬਾਹਰ ਹੋਏ ਸੰਪਾਦਕਾਂ ਲਈ ਸਫ਼ੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%A6:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3-%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%9B%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A3" aria-label="ਸੰਪਾਦਨ ਬਾਰੇ ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ"><span>ਹੋਰ ਜਾਣੋ</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8" title="A list of edits made from this IP address [y]" accesskey="y"><span>ਯੋਗਦਾਨ</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%AE%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%80_%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%9A%E0%A8%BE" title="ਇਸ IP ਪਤੇ ਤੋਂ ਹੋਈਆਂ ਸੋਧਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਗੱਲਬਾਤ [n]" accesskey="n"><span>ਗੱਲ-ਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="ਸਾਈਟ"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">ਸ਼ੁਰੂਆਤ</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ_ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ_ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ_ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ_ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ_ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ_ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ਫੁਟਨੋਟ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ਫੁਟਨੋਟ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>ਫੁਟਨੋਟ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-ਫੁਟਨੋਟ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਦੀ ਸਾਰਣੀ ਨੂੰ ਟੌਗਲ ਕਰੋ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="ਕਿਸੇ ਹੋਰ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿੱਚ ਲੇਖ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ। 66 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-66" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">66 ਭਾਸ਼ਾਵਾਂ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B0%D8%AC_%D9%81%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%8A" title="نموذج فكري – ਅਰਬੀ" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نموذج فكري" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਬੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="ਅਸਤੂਰੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradiqma" title="Paradiqma – ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Paradiqma" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="ਅਜ਼ਰਬਾਈਜਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%8B%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадыгма – ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Парадыгма" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="ਬੇਲਾਰੂਸੀ (ਰਵਾਇਤੀ)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="ਬੁਲਗਾਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AC%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%A0%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%AE%E0%A7%8B" title="তাত্ত্বিক পরিকাঠামো – ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="তাত্ত্বিক পরিকাঠামো" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="ਬੰਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-btm mw-list-item"><a href="https://btm.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – Batak Mandailing" lang="btm" hreflang="btm" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Batak Mandailing" data-language-local-name="Batak Mandailing" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Batak Mandailing</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਟਾਲਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پارادایم – ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="پارادایم" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="ਕੇਂਦਰੀ ਕੁਰਦਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਚੈੱਕ" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ਚੈੱਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme – ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Paradigme" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="ਡੈਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਜਰਮਨ" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="ਅੰਗਰੇਜ਼ੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigmo" title="Paradigmo – ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Paradigmo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="ਇਸਪੇਰਾਂਟੋ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਸਪੇਨੀ" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="ਸਪੇਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਬਾਸਕ" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="ਬਾਸਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D9%85" title="پارادایم – ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="پارادایم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="ਫ਼ਾਰਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="ਫਿਨਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme – ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Paradigme" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="ਫਰਾਂਸੀਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma_(ciencia)" title="Paradigma (ciencia) – ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Paradigma (ciencia)" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="ਗੈਲਿਸ਼ਿਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A4%D7%A8%D7%93%D7%99%D7%92%D7%9E%D7%94" title="פרדיגמה – ਹਿਬਰੂ" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="פרדיגמה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ਹਿਬਰੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੋ-ਕ੍ਰੋਏਸ਼ੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ਹੰਗਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D5%8A%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%A1%D5%A4%D5%AB%D5%A3%D5%B4" title="Պարադիգմ – ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Պարադիգմ" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="ਅਰਮੀਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="ਇੰਡੋਨੇਸ਼ੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigmo" title="Paradigmo – ਇਡੂ" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Paradigmo" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="ਇਡੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="ਇਤਾਲਵੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%91%E3%83%A9%E3%83%80%E3%82%A4%E3%83%A0" title="パラダイム – ਜਪਾਨੀ" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="パラダイム" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="ਜਪਾਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ki mw-list-item"><a href="https://ki.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" lang="ki" hreflang="ki" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="Gĩkũyũ" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਕੂਯੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gĩkũyũ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%ED%8C%A8%EB%9F%AC%EB%8B%A4%EC%9E%84" title="패러다임 – ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="패러다임" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="ਕੋਰੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ky mw-list-item"><a href="https://ky.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" lang="ky" hreflang="ky" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Кыргызча" data-language-local-name="ਕਿਰਗੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кыргызча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="ਲਾਤੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="ਲਿਥੁਆਨੀਅਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="ਮੈਕਡੋਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਮਲਯ" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="ਮਲਯ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="ਮਿਰਾਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="ਲੋ ਜਰਮਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma_(wetenschapsfilosofie)" title="Paradigma (wetenschapsfilosofie) – ਡੱਚ" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Paradigma (wetenschapsfilosofie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="ਡੱਚ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigme" title="Paradigme – ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Paradigme" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="ਨਾਰਵੇਜਿਆਈ ਬੋਕਮਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="ਓਕਸੀਟਾਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradygmat" title="Paradygmat – ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Paradygmat" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="ਪੋਲੈਂਡੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="ਪੁਰਤਗਾਲੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parariqma" title="Parariqma – ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Parariqma" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="ਕਕੇਸ਼ੁਆ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm%C4%83" title="Paradigmă – ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Paradigmă" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="ਰੋਮਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D0%B8%D1%8F)" title="Парадигма (философия) – ਰੂਸੀ" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Парадигма (философия)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="ਰੂਸੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%96%D2%91%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадіґма – ਰੁਸਿਨ" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Парадіґма" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="ਰੁਸਿਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%BE%D8%A6%D8%B1%D8%A7%DA%8A%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%85" title="پئراڊائيم – ਸਿੰਧੀ" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="پئراڊائيم" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="ਸਿੰਧੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma_(filozofia_a_veda)" title="Paradigma (filozofia a veda) – ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Paradigma (filozofia a veda)" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵਾਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="ਸਲੋਵੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="ਅਲਬਾਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0" title="Парадигма – ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Парадигма" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="ਸਰਬੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigm" title="Paradigm – ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Paradigm" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="ਸਵੀਡਿਸ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AF%8B%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D" title="கருத்தோட்டம் – ਤਮਿਲ" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="கருத்தோட்டம்" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="ਤਮਿਲ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%A7%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%8C" title="กระบวนทัศน์ – ਥਾਈ" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="กระบวนทัศน์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="ਥਾਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕਮੇਨ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="ਤਗਾਲੋਗ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਤੁਰਕੀ" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="ਤੁਰਕੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9F%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%B3%D0%BC%D0%B0_(%D1%84%D1%96%D0%BB%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BE%D1%84%D1%96%D1%8F)" title="Парадигма (філософія) – ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Парадигма (філософія)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ਯੂਕਰੇਨੀਆਈ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="ਉਜ਼ਬੇਕ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/M%E1%BA%ABu_h%C3%ACnh" title="Mẫu hình – ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Mẫu hình" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="ਵੀਅਤਨਾਮੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradigma" title="Paradigma – ਵੈਰੇ" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Paradigma" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="ਵੈਰੇ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F" title="范式 – ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="范式" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ ਵੂ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8C%83%E5%BC%8F" title="范式 – ਚੀਨੀ" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="范式" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="ਚੀਨੀ" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%AF%84%E5%BC%8F" title="範式 – ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="範式" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="ਕੈਂਟੋਨੀਜ਼" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28643#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="ਅੰਤਰਭਾਸ਼ਾਈ ਕੜੀਆਂ ਸੋਧੋ" class="wbc-editpage">ਜੋੜ ਸੋਧੋ</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="ਨਾਂ-ਥਾਂ"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ਾ ਵੇਖੋ [c]" accesskey="c"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%97%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%B2-%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4:%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਬਾਰੇ ਚਰਚਾ (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>ਗੱਲਬਾਤ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਰੂਪ ਬਦਲੋ" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="ਵੇਖੋ"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੋਧੋ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=history" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਪਿਛਲੇ ਦੁਹਰਾਅ [h]" accesskey="h"><span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵੇਖੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="ਸੰਦ" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">ਸੰਦ</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਸੰਦ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="ਹੋਰ ਚੋਣਾਂ" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਕਾਰਵਾਈਆਂ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE"><span>ਪੜ੍ਹੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸਰੋਤ ਦਾ ਕੋਡ ਸੋਧੋ [e]" accesskey="e"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=history"><span>ਇਤਿਹਾਸ ਵੇਖੋ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਆਮ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%B9%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%A5%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%8B%E0%A9%9C%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%87_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%A8/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" title="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਦੇ ਸਾਰੇ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਸੂਚੀ, ਜੋ ਇੱਥੇ ਜੋੜਦੇ ਹਨ [j]" accesskey="j"><span>ਇੱਥੇ ਕੀ ਆ ਕੇ ਜੁੜਦਾ ਹੈ</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%9C%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%9C%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82_%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86_%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" rel="nofollow" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਤੋਂ ਜੋੜੇ ਗਏ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਵਿਚ ਹਾਲੀਆ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ [k]" accesskey="k"><span>ਸਬੰਧਤ ਤਬਦੀਲੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%87" title="ਸਾਰੇ ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ਿਆਂ ਦੀ ਲਿਸਟ [q]" accesskey="q"><span>ਖ਼ਾਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&oldid=706694" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਇਸ ਸੋਧ ਲਈ ਸਥਾਈ ਕੜੀ"><span>ਪੱਕੀ ਕੜੀਆਂ</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=info" title="More information about this page"><span>ਸਫ਼ਾ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:CiteThisPage&page=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&id=706694&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲੇ ਦੇਣ ਸਬੰਧੀ ਜਾਣਕਾਰੀ"><span>ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਹਵਾਲਾ ਦਿਉ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A1%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2588%25E0%25A8%25AE"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ ਪ੍ਰਾਪਤ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2F%25E0%25A8%25AA%25E0%25A9%2588%25E0%25A8%25B0%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%25A1%25E0%25A8%25BE%25E0%25A8%2588%25E0%25A8%25AE"><span>QR ਕੋਡ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-shorturl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="//pa.wikipedia.org/s/1lai" title="ਸਾਂਝਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਇਸ ਛੋਟੀ ਕੜੀ ਦੀ ਨਕਲ ਕਰੋ"><span>ਛੋਟਾ ਯੂਆਰਐੱਲ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਛਾਪੋ / ਬਰਾਮਦ ਕਰੋ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE"><span>ਇੱਕ ਕਿਤਾਬ ਬਣਾਓ</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:DownloadAsPdf&page=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=show-download-screen"><span>PDF ਵਜੋਂ ਡਾਊਨਲੋਡ ਕਰੋ</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&printable=yes" title="ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦਾ ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਰੂਪ [p]" accesskey="p"><span>ਛਪਣਯੋਗ ਸੰਸਕਰਣ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-wikibase-otherprojects" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-wikibase-otherprojects" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> ਹੋਰ ਪ੍ਰਾਜੈਕਟਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-commons mw-list-item"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Paradigm" hreflang="en"><span>ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਕਾਮਨਜ਼</span></a></li><li id="t-wikibase" class="wb-otherproject-link wb-otherproject-wikibase-dataitem mw-list-item"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q28643" title="ਡਾਟਾ ਭੰਡਾਰ ਦੀ ਸਮੱਗਰੀ ਨਾਲ ਕੜੀ ਜੋੜੋ [g]" accesskey="g"><span>ਵਿਕੀਡਾਟਾ ਆਈਟਮ</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="ਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੇ ਸੰਦ"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="ਦਿੱਖ"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">ਦਿੱਖ</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.pin">ਸਾਈਡਬਾਰ 'ਤੇ ਜਾਓ</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-appearance.unpin">ਲੁਕਾਓ</button> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ, ਇੱਕ ਆਜ਼ਾਦ ਵਿਸ਼ਵਕੋਸ਼ ਤੋਂ</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="pa" dir="ltr"><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਅਤੇ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8" title="ਦਰਸ਼ਨ">ਦਰਸ਼ਨ</a> ਵਿੱਚ <b>ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ</b> <span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'p' in 'pie'">p</span><span title="/ær/: 'arr' in 'marry'">ær</span><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="'d' in 'dye'">d</span><span title="/aɪ/: 'i' in 'tide'">aɪ</span><span title="'m' in 'my'">m</span></span>/</span> ਇੱਕ ਸੰਕਲਪਾਂ ਜਾਂ ਵਿਚਾਰ ਪੈਟਰਨਾਂ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਅੱਡਰਾ ਸਮੂਹ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ, ਖੋਜ ਵਿਧੀਆਂ, ਸਵੈਸਿੱਧੀਆਂ, ਅਤੇ ਇੱਕ ਖੇਤਰ ਲਈ ਜਾਇਜ਼ ਯੋਗਦਾਨ ਦੀ ਖ਼ਾਤਰ ਮਿਆਰ ਸ਼ਾਮਲ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ। </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ"><span id=".E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.B0.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.95.E0.A8.A4.E0.A9.80"></span>ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&section=1" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਨਿਰੁਕਤੀ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਦਾ ਮੂਲ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%A8_%E0%A8%AF%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%80" title="ਪੁਰਾਤਨ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ">ਯੂਨਾਨੀ</a> παράδειγμα (<i>ਪਾਰਾਦੀਮਾ</i>), "ਪੈਟਰਨ, ਉਦਾਹਰਨ, ਨਮੂਨਾ" <sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਜੋ ਕਿਰਿਆ παραδείκνυμι (<i>ਪੈਰਾਦੀਕਨੁਮੀ </i>), "ਪ੍ਰਦਰਸ਼ਨੀ ਕਰਨਾ, ਨੁਮਾਇੰਦਗੀ ਕਰਨਾ, ਬੇਨਕਾਬ ਕਰਨਾ,"  ਤੋਂ ਹੈ। <sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਤੇ ਇਹ ਅੱਗੋਂ παρά (<i>ਪੈਰਾ</i>), "ਕੋਲ, ਪਰੇ,"<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> ਅਤੇ δείκνυμι (<i>deiknumi</i>), " ਦਿਖਾਉਣਾ, ਦੱਸਣਾ" ਤੋਂ ਬਣਿਆ ਹੈ।<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਖਿਆਨ-ਕਲਾ">ਵਖਿਆਨ-ਕਲਾ</a> ਵਿੱਚ ਪਾਰਾਦੀਮਾ (paradeigma) ਨੂੰ ਇੱਕ ਕਿਸਮ ਦੇ ਸਬੂਤ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਜਾਣਿਆ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ। ਪਾਰਾਦੀਮਾ ਦਾ ਮਕਸਦ ਹਾਜ਼ਰੀਨ ਨੂੰ ਉਸੇ ਤਰ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੀਆਂ ਘਟਨਾਵਾਂ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਸਪਸ਼ਟਤਾ ਮੁਹੱਈਆ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੁੰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇਸ ਸਪਸ਼ਟੀਕਰਨ ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਦਰਸ਼ਕਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਕਿਸੇ ਸਿੱਟੇ ਤੇ ਪਹੁੰਚਾਉਣਾ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੁੰਦਾ, ਹਾਲਾਂਕਿ ਇਸਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਉਹਨਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਉਥੇ ਪਹੁੰਚਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਕਰਨ ਵਾਸਤੇ ਕੀਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ। ਪਾਰਾਦੀਮਾ ਦਾ ਮਤਲਬ ਦਰਸ਼ਕਾਂ ਦੀ ਅਗਵਾਈ ਕਰਨਾ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਹੈ, ਇਸਦੀ ਇੱਕ ਤਮਸ਼ੀਲ ਇੱਕ ਨਿੱਜੀ ਅਕਾਉਂਟੈਂਟ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ। ਇਹ ਕਿਸੇ ਵਿਅਕਤੀਗਤ ਅਕਾਉਂਟੈਂਟ ਦਾ ਕੰਮ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਗਾਹਕ ਨੂੰ ਇਹ ਦੱਸਣ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਪਣਾ ਪੈਸਾ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਖਰਚ ਕਰੇ, ਪਰ ਆਪਣੇ ਗਾਹਕ ਨੂੰ ਸੇਧ ਦੇਣ ਵਿੱਚ ਸਹਾਇਤਾ ਕਰਨਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਉਹ ਆਪਣੇ ਵਿੱਤੀ ਟੀਚਿਆਂ ਦੇ ਅਧਾਰ ਤੇ ਆਪਣਾ ਪੈਸਾ ਕਿਵੇਂ ਖਰਚ ਕਰੇ। ਅਨੈਕਸੀਮੀਨਸ ਨੇ ਪਾਰਾਦੀਮਾ ਨੂੰ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਕੀਤਾ, "ਪਹਿਲਾਂ ਕੀਤੀਆਂ ਗਈਆਂ ਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਅਤੇ ਮੇਲ ਖਾਂਦੀਆਂ ਜਾਂ ਉਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਦੇ ਉਲਟ, ਜਿਨ੍ਹਾਂ ਬਾਰੇ ਅਸੀਂ ਹੁਣ ਚਰਚਾ ਕਰ ਰਹੇ ਹਾਂ।"<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>ਮੂਲ ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਪਦ <i>παράδειγμα</i> (ਪਾਰਾਦੀਮਾ) ਯੂਨਾਨੀ ਲਿਖਤਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਸੀ ਜਿਵੇਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A8%B2%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%8B" class="mw-redirect" title="ਪਲੈਟੋ">ਪਲੈਟੋ</a> ਦੇ ਟਿਮਅਸ (28 ਏ) ਵਿੱਚ ਉਸ ਮਾਡਲ ਜਾਂ ਪੈਟਰਨ ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਵਰਤਿਆ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ ਜਿਸ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੇਵਤਿਆਂ ਨੇ ਬ੍ਰਹਿਮੰਡ ਨੂੰ ਬਣਾਉਣ ਲਈ ਕੀਤੀ ਸੀ। ਇਸ ਪਦ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਤਕਨੀਕੀ ਅਰਥ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8" title="ਵਿਆਕਰਨ">ਵਿਆਕਰਣ</a> ਦੇ ਖੇਤਰ ਵਿੱਚ ਹੈ: 1900 ਵਾਲੀ <i>ਮਰੀਅਮ-ਵੈਬਸਟਰ-</i> ਡਿਕਸ਼ਨਰੀ ਇਸ ਦੀ ਤਕਨੀਕੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਦੀ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਸਿਰਫ ਸਿਰਫ ਵਿਆਕਰਣ ਦੇ ਸੰਦਰਭ ਵਿੱਚ ਜਾਂ <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8-%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%B2%E0%A8%BE" title="ਵਖਿਆਨ-ਕਲਾ">ਵਖਿਆਨ-ਕਲਾ</a>, ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਪਦ ਦੇ ਲਈ ਜੋ ਦ੍ਰਿਸ਼ਟਾਂਤ-ਕਥਾ ਜਾਂ ਜਨੌਰ ਕਥਾ ਲਖਾਇਕ ਹੈ।  <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AD%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%97%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%A8" title="ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ">ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ</a> ਵਿੱਚ, <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%AB%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A6%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%BE_%E0%A8%A6_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%8C%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%8A%E0%A8%B0" class="mw-redirect" title="ਫ਼ਰਦੀਨਾ ਦ ਸੌਸਿਊਰ">ਫ਼ਰਦੀਨਾ ਦ ਸੌਸਿਊਰ</a> ਨੇ ਇੱਕ ਸਮਰੂਪੀ ਤੱਤਾਂ ਦੀ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ ਦੇ ਲਖਾਇਕ ਪਦ ਵਜੋਂ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਕੀਤੀ ਹੈ।  </p><p>ਮਰੀਅਮ-ਵੈਬਸਟਰ ਔਨਲਾਈਨ ਸ਼ਬਦਕੋਸ਼ ਇਸ ਵਰਤੋਂ ਨੂੰ "ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਸਕੂਲ ਜਾਂ ਅਨੁਸ਼ਾਸਨ ਦੇ ਇੱਕ ਦਾਰਸ਼ਨਿਕ ਅਤੇ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਕ ਢਾਂਚੇ" ਦੇ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ ਪਰਿਭਾਸ਼ਿਤ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ, "ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ ਸਿਧਾਂਤ, ਕਾਨੂੰਨ ਅਤੇ ਸਾਧਾਰਨੀਕਰਨ ਅਤੇ ਇਹਨਾਂ ਦੇ ਸਮਰਥਨ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੀਤੇ ਗਏ ਪ੍ਰਯੋਗਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਸੂਤਰਬੱਧ ਕੀਤਾ ਜਾਂਦਾ ਹੈ; <i>ਆਮ ਤੌਰ ਤੇ: ਕਿਸੇ ਕਿਸਮ ਦਾ ਦਾਰਸ਼ਨਿਕ ਜਾਂ ਸਿਧਾਂਤਕ ਢਾਂਚਾ।"</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <p><i>ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਆਕਸਫੋਰਡ ਡਿਕਸ਼ਨਰੀ</i> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%A5%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AE%E0%A8%B8_%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%82%E0%A8%A8" title="ਥਾਮਸ ਕੂਨ">ਥੌਮਸ ਕੂਹਨ</a> ਦੀ <i>ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਇਨਕਲਾਬਾਂ ਦਾ ਢਾਂਚਾ</i> ਲਈ ਪਦ ਦੀ ਹੇਠਲੀ ਵਿਆਖਿਆ ਕਰਦੀ ਹੈ:</p><blockquote class="" style=""><p>ਕੂਨ ਸੁਝਾਅ ਦਿੰਦਾ ਹੈ ਕਿ ਨਿਊਟਨ ਦੀ ਪ੍ਰਿੰਸੀਪੀਆ ਜਾਂ ਜੌਨ ਡਾਲਟਨ ਦੀ ਰਸਾਇਣਿਕ ਫ਼ਲਸਫ਼ੇ ਦੀ ਨਵੀਂ ਪ੍ਰਣਾਲੀ (1808) ਵਰਗੇ ਕੁੱਝ ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਕਾਰਜਾਂ ਵਿੱਚ ਇੱਕ ਓਪਨ-ਐਂਡ ਸਰੋਤ ਪ੍ਰਦਾਨ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ: ਸੰਕਲਪਾਂ, ਨਤੀਜਿਆਂ ਅਤੇ ਪ੍ਰਕਿਰਿਆਵਾਂ ਦਾ ਇੱਕ ਢਾਂਚਾ ਜਿਸ ਦੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਨੂੰ ਰੂਪਬੱਧ ਕੀਤਾ ਗਿਆ ਹੈ. ਅਜਿਹੇ ਚੌਖਟੇ ਜਾਂ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਦੇ ਅੰਦਰ ਆਮ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਅੱਗੇ ਤੁਰਦਾ ਹੈ। ਇੱਕ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਕੋਈ ਕਠੋਰ ਜਾਂ ਮਕੈਨੀਕਲ ਪਹੁੰਚ ਨੂੰ ਥੋਸਦਾ ਨਹੀਂ, ਸਗੋਂ ਇਸਨੂੰ ਘੱਟ ਜਾਂ ਵੱਧ ਰਚਨਾਤਮਕ ਅਤੇ ਲਚਕਸ਼ੀਲ ਢੰਗ ਨਾਲ ਅਪਣਾਇਆ ਜਾ ਸਕਦਾ ਹੈ। <br /><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ_ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ"><span id=".E0.A8.B5.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.97.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.86.E0.A8.A8.E0.A8.95_.E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A1.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.88.E0.A8.AE"></span>ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&section=2" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ_ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ"><span id=".E0.A8.AA.E0.A9.88.E0.A8.B0.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.A1.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.88.E0.A8.AE_.E0.A8.B8.E0.A8.BC.E0.A8.BF.E0.A8.AB.E0.A8.9F.E0.A8.BE.E0.A8.82"></span>ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&section=3" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਸ਼ਿਫਟਾਂ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>ਥੌਮਸ ਕੂਨ ਨੇ ਆਪਣੀ ਰਚਨਾ <i>ਵਿਗਿਆਨਕ ਇਨਕਲਾਬਾਂ ਦਾ ਢਾਂਚਾ</i> ਵਿੱਚ ਲਿਖਿਆ ਕਿ "ਕ੍ਰਾਂਤੀ ਰਾਹੀਂ ਇੱਕ ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ ਤੋਂ ਦੂਜੇ ਤੱਕ ਨਿਰੰਤਰ ਤਬਦੀਲੀ ਪਰਿਪੱਕ ਵਿਗਿਆਨ ਦੇ ਆਮ ਵਿਕਾਸਮੁਖੀ ਪੈਟਰਨ ਹੈ।" (ਪੰ. 12)।  </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ਫੁਟਨੋਟ"><span id=".E0.A8.AB.E0.A9.81.E0.A8.9F.E0.A8.A8.E0.A9.8B.E0.A8.9F"></span>ਫੁਟਨੋਟ</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&action=edit&section=4" title="ਭਾਗ ਸੋਧ: ਫੁਟਨੋਟ"><span>ਸੋਧੋ</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r636460">.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%;margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-1">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2Fdeigma">παράδειγμα</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-2">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dparadei%2Fknumi">παραδείκνυμι</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Dpara%2F">παρά</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/text?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.04.0057%3Aentry%3Ddei%2Fknumi">δείκνυμι</a>, Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, <i>A Greek-English Lexicon</i>, on Perseus Digital Library</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r765793">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFSampley2003" class="citation book cs1">Sampley, J. Paul (2003). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paulingrecoroman0000unse"><i>Paul in the Greco-Roman World: A Handbook</i></a>. Trinity Press International. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/paulingrecoroman0000unse/page/228">228</a>–229. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/9781563382666" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/9781563382666"><bdi>9781563382666</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Paul+in+the+Greco-Roman+World%3A+A+Handbook&rft.pages=228-229&rft.pub=Trinity+Press+International&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=9781563382666&rft.aulast=Sampley&rft.aufirst=J.+Paul&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fpaulingrecoroman0000unse&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fpa.wikipedia.org%3A%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.m-w.com/dictionary/paradigm">paradigm - Definition from the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Blackburn, Simon, 1994, 2005, 2008, rev. 2nd ed. <i>The Oxford Dictionary of Philosophy</i>. Oxford: Oxford University Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r765793"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%87%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%9F%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%A8%E0%A8%B2_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%9F%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%82%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A1_%E0%A8%AC%E0%A9%81%E0%A9%B1%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%A8%E0%A9%B0%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%B0" title="ਇੰਟਰਨੈਸ਼ਨਲ ਸਟੈਂਡਰਡ ਬੁੱਕ ਨੰਬਰ">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%AC_%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%8B%E0%A8%A4/0-19-283134-8" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਕਿਤਾਬ ਸਰੋਤ/0-19-283134-8">0-19-283134-8</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199541430.do">Description</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120329144244/http://ukcatalogue.oup.com/product/9780199541430.do">Archived</a> 2012-03-29 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>. & 1994 letter-preview <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=13885785">links.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110628221636/http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=13885785">Archived</a> 2011-06-28 at the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Wayback_Machine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wayback Machine (ਸਫ਼ਾ ਮੌਜੂਦ ਨਹੀਂ ਹੈ)">Wayback Machine</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">"<a dir="ltr" href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ&oldid=706694">https://pa.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=ਪੈਰਾਡਾਈਮ&oldid=706694</a>" ਤੋਂ ਲਿਆ</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%96%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%82" title="ਖ਼ਾਸ:ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ">ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:%E0%A8%B8%E0%A9%81%E0%A8%B9%E0%A8%9C-%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%A4%E0%A8%B0" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:ਸੁਹਜ-ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ">ਸੁਹਜ-ਸ਼ਾਸਤਰ</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">ਲੁਕਵੀਂਆਂ ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀਆਂ: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Pages_using_the_JsonConfig_extension" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Pages using the JsonConfig extension">Pages using the JsonConfig extension</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B8%E0%A8%BC%E0%A9%8D%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87%E0%A8%A3%E0%A9%80:Webarchive_template_wayback_links" title="ਸ਼੍ਰੇਣੀ:Webarchive template wayback links">Webarchive template wayback links</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> ਇਸ ਸਫ਼ੇ ਵਿੱਚ ਆਖ਼ਰੀ ਸੋਧ 1 ਸਤੰਬਰ 2023 ਨੂੰ 22:14 ਵਜੇ ਹੋਈ।</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">ਇਹ ਲਿਖਤ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 4.0</a> ਦੇ ਤਹਿਤ ਉਪਲਬਧ ਹੈ; ਵਾਧੂ ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ ਲਾਗੂ ਹੋ ਸਕਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ। ਇਸ ਸਾਈਟ ਨੂੰ ਵਰਤਣ ਨਾਲ, ਤੁਸੀਂ ਇਸਦੀਆਂ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Terms_of_Use">ਵਰਤਣ ਦੀਆਂ ਸ਼ਰਤਾਂ</a> ਅਤੇ <a class="external text" href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">Privacy Policy</a> ਨਾਲ ਸਹਿਮਤ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹੋ। Wikipedia® ਮੁਨਾਫ਼ਾ ਨਾ ਕਮਾਉਣ ਵਾਲ਼ੀ <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/">ਵਿਕੀਮੀਡੀਆ ਸੰਸਥਾ, ਇੰਕ.</a> ਦਾ ਰਜਿਸਟ੍ਰਡ ਟ੍ਰੇਡਮਾਰਕ ਹੈ।</li> </ul> <ul id="footer-places"> <li id="footer-places-privacy"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Privacy_policy">ਪਰਦਾ ਨੀਤੀ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-about"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%AC%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A9%87">ਵਿਕੀਪੀਡੀਆ ਬਾਰੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-disclaimers"><a href="/wiki/%E0%A8%B5%E0%A8%BF%E0%A8%95%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%A1%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%86:%E0%A8%86%E0%A8%AE_%E0%A8%A6%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B5%E0%A9%87">ਦਾਅਵੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-wm-codeofconduct"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct">ਆਚਾਰ ਜ਼ਾਬਤਾ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-developers"><a href="https://developer.wikimedia.org">ਵਿਕਾਸਕਾਰ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-statslink"><a href="https://stats.wikimedia.org/#/pa.wikipedia.org">ਅੰਕੜੇ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-cookiestatement"><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:MyLanguage/Policy:Cookie_statement">ਕੂਕੀ ਤਫਸੀਲਾਂ</a></li> <li id="footer-places-mobileview"><a href="//pa.m.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE&mobileaction=toggle_view_mobile" class="noprint stopMobileRedirectToggle">ਮੋਬਾਈਲੀ ਦਿੱਖ</a></li> </ul> <ul id="footer-icons" class="noprint"> <li id="footer-copyrightico"><a href="https://wikimediafoundation.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/static/images/footer/wikimedia-button.svg" width="84" height="29" alt="Wikimedia Foundation" loading="lazy"></a></li> <li id="footer-poweredbyico"><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/" class="cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--size-large cdx-button--fake-button--enabled"><img src="/w/resources/assets/poweredby_mediawiki.svg" alt="Powered by MediaWiki" width="88" height="31" loading="lazy"></a></li> </ul> </footer> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-settings" id="p-dock-bottom"> <ul></ul> </div><script>(RLQ=window.RLQ||[]).push(function(){mw.config.set({"wgHostname":"mw-web.codfw.main-f69cdc8f6-vp9pw","wgBackendResponseTime":143,"wgPageParseReport":{"limitreport":{"cputime":"0.120","walltime":"0.161","ppvisitednodes":{"value":439,"limit":1000000},"postexpandincludesize":{"value":4427,"limit":2097152},"templateargumentsize":{"value":258,"limit":2097152},"expansiondepth":{"value":16,"limit":100},"expensivefunctioncount":{"value":1,"limit":500},"unstrip-depth":{"value":1,"limit":20},"unstrip-size":{"value":10809,"limit":5000000},"entityaccesscount":{"value":0,"limit":400},"timingprofile":["100.00% 138.896 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Reflist","100.00% 138.896 1 -total"," 62.90% 87.366 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Cite_book"," 18.79% 26.105 1 ਫਰਮਾ:ISBN"," 11.08% 15.392 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Catalog_lookup_link"," 5.09% 7.072 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Webarchive"," 3.70% 5.138 3 ਫਰਮਾ:Yesno-no"," 1.71% 2.374 1 ਫਰਮਾ:Yesno-yes"," 1.39% 1.934 4 ਫਰਮਾ:Yesno"," 1.32% 1.836 2 ਫਰਮਾ:Main_other"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"0.063","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":3078069,"limit":52428800}},"cachereport":{"origin":"mw-web.codfw.main-594d4bbbb-pj648","timestamp":"20241102111021","ttl":2592000,"transientcontent":false}}});});</script> <script type="application/ld+json">{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@type":"Article","name":"\u0a2a\u0a48\u0a30\u0a3e\u0a21\u0a3e\u0a08\u0a2e","url":"https:\/\/pa.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%E0%A8%AA%E0%A9%88%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%A1%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%88%E0%A8%AE","sameAs":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28643","mainEntity":"http:\/\/www.wikidata.org\/entity\/Q28643","author":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Contributors to Wikimedia projects"},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"Wikimedia Foundation, Inc.","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/www.wikimedia.org\/static\/images\/wmf-hor-googpub.png"}},"datePublished":"2018-05-19T01:58:36Z","dateModified":"2023-09-01T22:14:31Z"}</script> </body> </html>