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Soudan du Sud: Des cas de détention arbitraire et des conditions de vie effroyables en prison | Human Rights Watch

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access,Police Brutality,Prison and Jail Conditions,Juvenile Justice,Mental Health,Prisons,Children's Rights,Women in State Custody,Sentencing and Re-Entry Policy,Criminal Justice,Disability Rights,Health,Women's Rights"/> <meta name="copyright" content="Human Rights Watch"/> <meta name="description" content="(Juba, le 22 juin 2012) – Les procédures judiciaires entachées d'irrégularités, les cas de détention illégale, et les conditions de vie effroyables qui ont cours dans les prison du Soudan du Sud indiquent qu'il est urgent d'améliorer le système judiciaire à peine établi de cette nouvelle nation, a déc"/> <style type="text/css" media="all"> @import "/web/20130125190745cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/search/search.css?w"; @import "/web/20130125190745cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/node/node.css?w"; @import "/web/20130125190745cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/system/defaults.css?w"; @import "/web/20130125190745cs_/http://www.hrw.org/modules/system/system.css?w"; @import 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class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Mais les gouvernements ont omis de prévoir l’élimination graduelle du mercure dans l’orpaillage à petite échelle</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Jan 19, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-7 views-row-odd"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/01/15/mali-les-islamistes-doivent-liberer-les-enfants-soldats">Mali : Les islamistes doivent libérer les enfants soldats</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">« Ils envoient nos enfants innocents au massacre », déclare un témoin</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Jan 15, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> <li class="views-row views-row-8 views-row-even views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2013/01/15/erythree-les-investisseurs-dans-le-secteur-minier-risquent-de-recourir-au-travail-fo">Érythrée : Les investisseurs dans le secteur minier risquent de recourir au travail forcé</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-news-subtitle-value"> <span class="field-content">Une société canadienne n’a pas suffisamment pris ce risque en considération</span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">Jan 15, 2013</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content">Communiqué de presse</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> <div class="more-link"> <a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/list/all">Suite »</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="block-views-sidebar-block_1" 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href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/fr/news/2012/06/21/soudan-du-sud-des-cas-de-d-tention-arbitraire-et-des-conditions-de-vie-effroyables-e" title="Soudan du Sud: Des cas de détention arbitraire et des conditions de vie effroyables en prison">Soudan du Sud: Des cas de détention arbitraire et des conditions de vie effroyables en prison</a> </h6> </div> <h6 class="node-subtitle">La détresse des prisonniers met en lumière la nécessité urgente de mettre en œuvre des réformes </h6> <div class="info"> <div class="meta date"> <span class="created">21 juin 2012</span> </div> </div> <div class="content clear-block filter-text"> <div class="widget-links"><ul class="widget-list"><li class="service-links-twitter-widget first"><a 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field-field-related-images"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-nodereference-related-images view-id-nodereference_related_images view-display-id-block_2 view-dom-id-1"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-field-imagefile-fid"> <span class="field-content"><a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2010_southsudan_prison.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile][<p>Des détenus assis dans la cour de la prison de Bentiu, dans l'État d'Unity (Soudan du Sud). En novembre 2011, 93 pour cent de la population carcérale étaient des hommes, et 30 pour cent des prisonniers étaient en détention provisoire, en attendant la fin des enquêtes de police ou des procès en cours.</p>]" class="imagefield imagefield-lightbox2 imagefield-lightbox2-scale-300x imagefield-field_imagefile imagecache imagecache-field_imagefile imagecache-scale-300x imagecache-field_imagefile-scale-300x"><img src="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125190745im_/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/imagecache/scale-300x/media/images/photographs/2010_southsudan_prison.jpg"/></a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-field-image-caption-value"> <div class="field-content"><div><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/sites/default/files/media/images/photographs/2010_southsudan_prison.jpg" rel="lightbox[field_imagefile]" class="image-enlarge">Enlarge</a></div> <p>Des détenus assis dans la cour de la prison de Bentiu, dans l'État d'Unity (Soudan du Sud). En novembre 2011, 93 pour cent de la population carcérale étaient des hommes, et 30 pour cent des prisonniers étaient en détention provisoire, en attendant la fin des enquêtes de police ou des procès en cours.</p></div> </div> <div class="views-field-field-copyright-value"> <span class="field-content">© 2010 Pete Muller</span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-news-additional"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-nodereference field-field-related-content"> <div class="field-label">Related Materials:&nbsp;</div> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> <div class="view view-reference-views-formatter view-id-reference_views_formatter view-display-id-reference_field_1 news-related-materials view-dom-id-2"> <div class="view-content"> <div class="item-list"> <ul> <li class="views-row views-row-1 views-row-odd views-row-first views-row-last"> <div class="views-field-title"> <span class="field-content"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/06/21/prison-not-me">“Prison Is Not For Me”</a></span> </div> <div class="views-field-created"> <span class="field-content">juin, 2012</span> </div> <div class="views-field-tid"> <span class="field-content"></span> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="fieldgroup group-pullquote"> <div class="content"><div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> « La situation des personnes détenues au Soudan du Sud révèle de graves lacunes dans le système judiciaire qui est train de se construire. Le Soudan du Sud est un pays neuf, et a urgemment besoin d'un système judiciaire efficace qui fasse respecter les droits humains et la dignité. C'est un élément fondamental pour bâtir un État de droit et instaurer l’exigence de rendre des comptes pour tout abus. » </div> </div> </div> <div class="field field-type-text field-field-news-pullquote-author"> <div class="field-items"> <div class="field-item odd"> Daniel Bekele, Directeur pour l&#039;Afrique chez Human Rights Watch </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="node-body"><p>(Juba, le 22 juin 2012) &ndash; Les proc&eacute;dures judiciaires entach&eacute;es d&#39;irr&eacute;gularit&eacute;s, les cas de d&eacute;tention ill&eacute;gale, et les conditions de vie effroyables qui ont cours dans les prison du Soudan du Sud indiquent qu&#39;il est urgent d&#39;am&eacute;liorer le syst&egrave;me judiciaire &agrave; peine &eacute;tabli de cette nouvelle nation, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Human Rights Watch dans un rapport publi&eacute; aujourd&#39;hui.</p> <p>Le rapport de 105 pages, intitul&eacute; &laquo; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/reports/2012/06/25/prison-not-me">Prison Is Not for Me: Arbitrary Detention in South Sudan </a>&raquo; (&laquo; La prison, ce n&#39;est pas pour moi : d&eacute;tention arbitraire au Soudan du Sud &raquo;), d&eacute;taille les violations du droit &agrave; un proc&egrave;s &eacute;quitable, les pratiques de privations de libert&eacute; abusives, ainsi que les conditions dures et inacceptables dans lesquelles vivent les prisonniers. Les recherches ont &eacute;t&eacute; r&eacute;alis&eacute;es en dix mois, avant et apr&egrave;s l&#39;ind&eacute;pendance du Soudan du Sud d&eacute;clar&eacute;e le 9 juillet 2011.&nbsp;</p> <p>&laquo; La situation des personnes d&eacute;tenues au Soudan du Sud r&eacute;v&egrave;le de graves lacunes dans le syst&egrave;me judiciaire qui est train de se construire &raquo;, a affirm&eacute; <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/bios/daniel-bekele">Daniel Bekele</a>, Directeur pour l&#39;Afrique chez Human Rights Watch. &laquo; Le Soudan du Sud est un pays neuf, et a urgemment besoin d&#39;un syst&egrave;me judiciaire efficace qui fasse respecter les droits humains et la dignit&eacute;. C&#39;est un &eacute;l&eacute;ment fondamental pour b&acirc;tir un &Eacute;tat de droit et instaurer l&rsquo;exigence de rendre des comptes pour tout abus. &raquo;</p> <p>Les recherches ont cibl&eacute; 12 des 79 prisons du pays, dans les r&eacute;gions o&ugrave; la population carc&eacute;rale est la plus importante. Human Rights Watch a interview&eacute; 250 d&eacute;tenus et un large &eacute;chantillon de fonctionnaires de justice, d&#39;agents des services correctionnels, de policiers, de procureurs, et de repr&eacute;sentants des autorit&eacute;s traditionnelles.</p> <p>Les chercheurs ont rassembl&eacute; des informations sur une longue liste de probl&egrave;mes relatifs aux droits humains, qui affectent l&#39;ensemble du syst&egrave;me de justice p&eacute;nale.</p> <p>Un tiers des d&eacute;tenus actuellement emprisonn&eacute;s au <a href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/africa/south-sudan">Soudan du Sud</a>, dont le nombre avoisine 6 000,&nbsp; n&#39;ont jamais &eacute;t&eacute; reconnus coupables d&#39;aucun crime, ni m&ecirc;me inculp&eacute;s d&#39;aucune charge dans un certain nombre de cas. Ces personnes sont pourtant maintenues en prison, souvent pendant de longues p&eacute;riodes, en attendant que les policiers, les procureurs et les juges ne traitent leur dossier.</p> <p>La grande majorit&eacute; des d&eacute;tenus n&#39;a acc&egrave;s &agrave; aucune repr&eacute;sentation juridique, parce qu&#39;ils ne sont pas en mesure de se payer un avocat et que le Soudan du Sud n&#39;a pas de syst&egrave;me fonctionnel d&#39;assistance juridique. Ainsi qu&rsquo;a pu le constater Human Rights Watch, les juges prononcent des peines de longue dur&eacute;e et condamnent m&ecirc;me &agrave; mort des personnes qui, sans assistance juridique, n&#39;ont pas &eacute;t&eacute; en capacit&eacute; de comprendre la nature des charges retenues contre eux, ni de solliciter ou de pr&eacute;parer des t&eacute;moins pour leur d&eacute;fense.</p> <p>Les prisonniers sont souvent frustr&eacute;s par le syst&egrave;me de justice p&eacute;nale, qu&#39;ils ne comprennent pas. Un d&eacute;tenu accus&eacute; de meurtre a d&eacute;clar&eacute; &agrave; Human Rights Watch : &laquo; Je suis l&agrave; depuis cinq ans [&hellip;] et je n&#39;ai jamais vu un juge. La Cour n&#39;a jamais cit&eacute; le dossier &agrave; compara&icirc;tre. Le procureur g&eacute;n&eacute;ral ne conna&icirc;t pas la loi. Les policiers ne connaissent pas la loi. &raquo;&nbsp;</p> <p>Le syst&egrave;me judiciaire pluraliste du Soudan du Sud, qui fait coexister Cours de justice officielles et tribunaux de droit coutumier pr&eacute;sid&eacute;s par des chefs traditionnels, soul&egrave;ve des inqui&eacute;tudes quant &agrave; l&#39;application du droit &agrave; une proc&eacute;dure &eacute;quitable. Les chercheurs de Human Rights Watch ont rencontr&eacute; un grand nombre de personnes plac&eacute;es derri&egrave;re les barreaux par des chefs qui n&#39;avaient aucune formation juridique, pour des infractions qui ne figurent pas dans le code p&eacute;nal du Soudan du Sud. Bien que ces tribunaux coutumiers soient plus accessibles et plus efficaces &agrave; certains &eacute;gards que les tribunaux officiels, leur comp&eacute;tence p&eacute;nale et les pouvoirs dont ils disposent pour d&eacute;terminer les peines ne sont pas suffisamment bien d&eacute;finis, selon Human Rights Watch.</p> <p>De nombreux d&eacute;tenus interview&eacute;s par Human Rights Watch &eacute;taient emprisonn&eacute;s pour des infractions conjugales ou sexuelles, tels qu&#39;adult&egrave;re ou fugue amoureuse, des infractions selon le droit commun et le droit coutumier qui violent des droits prot&eacute;g&eacute;s au niveau international comme le droit au respect de la vie priv&eacute;e ou celui d&#39;&eacute;pouser la personne de son choix. D&#39;autres personnes avaient &eacute;t&eacute; incarc&eacute;r&eacute;es pour une dur&eacute;e ind&eacute;termin&eacute;e parce qu&#39;elles ne pouvaient pas payer des dettes, des amendes inflig&eacute;es par les tribunaux ou des indemnit&eacute;s, souvent fix&eacute;es en nombre de t&ecirc;tes de b&eacute;tail. Ces personnes ne savaient pas du tout quand elles seraient lib&eacute;r&eacute;es.</p> <p>Human Rights Watch a constat&eacute; que certaines personnes plac&eacute;es derri&egrave;re les barreaux n&#39;avaient pas &eacute;t&eacute; inculp&eacute;es, ni encore moins jug&eacute;es pour quelque crime que ce soit, et que des d&eacute;tenus&nbsp; avaient &eacute;t&eacute; emprisonn&eacute;s par substitution, pour forcer un proche ou un ami &agrave; se pr&eacute;senter. Environ 90 personnes se trouvaient en prison uniquement parce qu&#39;elles semblaient atteintes de troubles mentaux. La population du Soudan du Sud a subi des d&eacute;cennies de traumatismes de guerre, mais le pays n&#39;a aucune structure de soins en sant&eacute; mentale. Les personnes qui exhibent des signes de d&eacute;ficience mentale sont souvent exp&eacute;di&eacute;es directement en prison, puisqu&#39;il n&#39;y a aucun &eacute;tablissement o&ugrave; elles puissent recevoir les traitements adapt&eacute;s.&nbsp;</p> <p>&laquo; Beaucoup de d&eacute;tenus au Soudan du Sud ont &eacute;t&eacute; incarc&eacute;r&eacute;s &agrave; la suite d&#39;arrestations et de proc&eacute;dures judiciaires entach&eacute;es d&#39;irr&eacute;gularit&eacute;s, maintenus derri&egrave;re les barreaux sans fondements juridiques solides, ou condamn&eacute;s pour des actes qui ne devraient tout simplement pas &ecirc;tre p&eacute;nalis&eacute;s, car cela constitue une violation des droits et des libert&eacute;s fondamentaux &raquo;, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Daniel Bekele. &laquo; Dans de tels cas la d&eacute;tention est arbitraire &ndash; et donc ill&eacute;gale &ndash; aux termes du droit international, et repr&eacute;sente souvent une violation de la propre Constitution et&nbsp; du droit du Soudan du Sud. &raquo;</p> <p>Les sinistres conditions de vie dans les prisons du Soudan du Sud aggravent encore l&#39;injustice des motivations et des proc&eacute;d&eacute;s suivant lesquels les personnes sont envoy&eacute;es derri&egrave;re les barreaux. Les infrastructures carc&eacute;rales sont rudimentaires, et dans certains cas les b&acirc;timents sont endommag&eacute;s ou d&eacute;labr&eacute;s. Les cellules sont insalubres, extr&ecirc;mement surpeupl&eacute;es, et ne sont pas correctement ventil&eacute;es.</p> <p>Les d&eacute;tenus ne re&ccedil;oivent pas de nourriture en quantit&eacute; suffisante et dans certaines prisons, l&#39;eau fait &eacute;galement d&eacute;faut. Les prisonniers sont vuln&eacute;rables aux maladies et affections diverses, a observ&eacute; Human Rights Watch, mais re&ccedil;oivent rarement les soins appropri&eacute;s quand ils sont souffrants, &agrave; moins d&#39;&ecirc;tre en mesure de payer eux-m&ecirc;mes leur traitement. Rien qu&#39;en 2011, dix d&eacute;tenus sont morts dans la prison d&#39;Aweil et au moins cinq dans la prison de Bentiu, pour la plupart de maladies qui auraient pu &ecirc;tre soign&eacute;es.</p> <p>Des d&eacute;tenus ont racont&eacute; que les agents p&eacute;nitentiaires les battaient r&eacute;guli&egrave;rement avec des b&acirc;tons, des badines ou des fouets, pour des manquements &agrave; la discipline. Certains prisonniers sont encha&icirc;n&eacute;s en permanence au moyens de lourds fers, une pratique qui viole les normes locales et internationales relatives aux proc&eacute;d&eacute;s de contention physique, et constitue &eacute;galement une sanction prohib&eacute;e car cruelle, inhumaine et d&eacute;gradante.</p> <p>Dans toutes les prisons visit&eacute;es par Human Rights Watch, des enfants sont d&eacute;tenus aux c&ocirc;t&eacute;s d&#39;adultes sans qu&#39;aucun programme de r&eacute;insertion ni offre &eacute;ducative adapt&eacute;e ne leur soient propos&eacute;s, ainsi que l&#39;exige pourtant la Loi relative &agrave; l&#39;Enfance promulgu&eacute;e par le Soudan du Sud.</p> <p>Si la plupart des bailleurs internationaux concentrent leurs efforts sur les projets de construction de prisons, ils devraient &eacute;galement s&#39;attacher &agrave; am&eacute;liorer les conditions de vie qui pr&eacute;valent dans celles-ci, et &agrave; garantir qu&#39;elles respectent les normes minimales. L&#39;aide des bailleurs sera &eacute;galement n&eacute;cessaire pour r&eacute;pondre aux besoins urgents en mati&egrave;re de nourriture et de soins m&eacute;dicaux, compte tenu notamment des coupes budg&eacute;taires r&eacute;centes subies par la totalit&eacute; des institutions gouvernementales, suite &agrave; la d&eacute;cision prise par le Soudan du Sud en f&eacute;vrier dernier de stopper la production et l&#39;exportation de p&eacute;trole.</p> <p>Les minist&egrave;res de la Justice et de l&#39;Int&eacute;rieur ainsi que l&#39;appareil judiciaire, avec le soutien des agences internationales et des bailleurs, devraient faire de l&#39;examen du dossier de l&#39;ensemble des personnes en d&eacute;tention une priorit&eacute; urgente, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Human Rights Watch. Ils devraient identifier les prisonniers dont la d&eacute;tention est prolong&eacute;e sans aucun fondement juridique, et lib&eacute;rer tous les d&eacute;tenus &agrave; l&#39;exception de ceux dont le maintien en prison est pleinement justifi&eacute;. Selon Human Rights Watch, l&#39;examen des dossiers ainsi qu&#39;une coordination renforc&eacute;e avec le secteur judiciaire devraient contribuer &agrave; mettre un terme aux pratiques de d&eacute;tention arbitraire. Cela permettrait de faire baisser la population carc&eacute;rale, et ne n&eacute;cessiterait pas de d&eacute;penses cons&eacute;quentes.</p> <p>De plus, le Soudan du Sud devrait assurer aux policiers, aux procureurs et aux juges une formation suffisante sur les normes relatives aux proc&eacute;dures et proc&egrave;s &eacute;quitables. Les programmes de formation existants manquent d&#39;ampleur et de rigueur, et ne r&eacute;pondent pas &agrave; certains probl&egrave;mes identifi&eacute;s par Human Rights Watch. Le gouvernement devrait aussi mettre en place un syst&egrave;me d&#39;assistance juridique efficace, ce qui n&eacute;cessitera &eacute;galement le soutien des bailleurs, selon Human Rights Watch.</p> <p>Une vaste gamme de r&eacute;formes juridiques et politiques s&#39;impose pour limiter les p&eacute;riodes de d&eacute;tention provisoire, clarifier les champs de comp&eacute;tence p&eacute;nale des tribunaux de droit coutumier, et mettre fin aux peines de prison pour adult&egrave;re ou non-remboursement de dettes. Les autorit&eacute;s devraient &eacute;galement mettre un terme imm&eacute;diat &agrave; l&#39;emprisonnement arbitraire des personnes pr&eacute;sentant des signes de d&eacute;ficience mentale, et trouver des solutions pour garantir l&#39;acc&egrave;s aux soins des personnes effectivement atteintes.</p> <p>&laquo; Les gens qui commettent des d&eacute;lits doivent &ecirc;tre sanctionn&eacute;s en accord avec la loi &raquo;, a d&eacute;clar&eacute; Daniel Bekele. &laquo; Mais priver quelqu&#39;un de sa libert&eacute; est l&#39;une des sanctions les plus s&eacute;v&egrave;res qu&#39;un gouvernement puisse imposer. Cela ne devrait se faire qu&#39;&agrave; l&#39;issue d&#39;une proc&eacute;dure &eacute;quitable, et en accord avec le droit du Soudan du Sud et ses engagements internationaux en mati&egrave;re de droits humains. &raquo;<br/> &nbsp;</p> </div><div class="translation-links"><div class="label">Also available in:</div> <ul class="translation-list"><li class="node_translation_ar first"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/ar/news/2012/06/21-2" title="جنوب السودان: اعتقالات تعسفية وأوضاع صعبة في السجون" class="translation-link">العربية</a></li> <li class="node_translation_en"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/news/2012/06/21/south-sudan-arbitrary-detentions-dire-prison-conditions" title="South Sudan: Arbitrary Detentions, Dire Prison Conditions" class="translation-link">English</a></li> <li class="node_translation_de"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/de/news/2012/06/21/s-dsudan-willk-rliche-verhaftungen-katastrophale-haftbedingungen" title="Südsudan: Willkürliche Verhaftungen, katastrophale Haftbedingungen" class="translation-link">Deutsch</a></li> <li class="node_translation_ja"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/ja/news/2012/06/26-0" title="南スーダン:恣意的拘禁  劣悪な監獄環境" class="translation-link">日本語</a></li> <li class="node_translation_es last"><a href="/web/20130125190745/http://www.hrw.org/es/news/2012/06/21/sud-n-meridional-detenciones-arbitrarias-y-duras-condiciones-carcelarias" title="Sudán Meridional: Detenciones arbitrarias y duras condiciones carcelarias" class="translation-link">Español</a></li> </ul></div><div class="service-links"><div class="service-label">Share </div><ul class="links"><li class="service-links-facebook first"><a 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