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<div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Bavaria&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria">Apostolic Nuncio to Bavaria</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Diplomatic post of the Holy See</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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/></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>relies largely or entirely on a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Articles_with_a_single_source" title="Wikipedia:Articles with a single source">single source</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Relevant discussion may be found on the <a href="/wiki/Talk:Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria##" title="Talk:Apostolic Nunciature to Bavaria">talk page</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria&action=edit">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">introducing citations to additional sources</a>.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Apostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria%22">"Apostolic Nunciature to Bavaria"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Apostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Apostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Apostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Apostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Apostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">August 2018</span>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Apostolic Nunciature to Bavaria</b> was an ecclesiastical office of the <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Roman Catholic Church</a> in <a href="/wiki/Bavaria" title="Bavaria">Bavaria</a>. It was a <a href="/wiki/Diplomat" title="Diplomat">diplomatic</a> post of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_See" title="Holy See">Holy See</a>, whose representative was called the Apostolic <a href="/wiki/Nuncio" title="Nuncio">Nuncio</a> to Bavaria, a state – consecutively during the nunciature's existence – of the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, of its own sovereignty, and then of <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">Imperial</a>, <a href="/wiki/Weimar_Republic" title="Weimar Republic">Weimar</a> and finally <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a>. The office of the nunciature was located in <a href="/wiki/Munich" title="Munich">Munich</a> from 1785 to 1936. Prior to this, there was one nunciature in the <a href="/wiki/Holy_Roman_Empire" title="Holy Roman Empire">Holy Roman Empire</a>, which was the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio to Cologne">nunciature in Cologne</a>, accredited to the <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Cologne" title="Electorate of Cologne">Archbishop-Electorates of Cologne</a>, <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Mainz" title="Electorate of Mainz">Mainz</a> and <a href="/wiki/Electorate_of_Trier" title="Electorate of Trier">Trier</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A new nunciature was established by <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_VI" title="Pope Pius VI">Pope Pius VI</a> in Munich in 1785, requested by <a href="/wiki/Charles_Theodore,_Elector_of_Bavaria" title="Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria">Charles Theodore, Elector of Bavaria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The appointment of <a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cesare_Zoglio" title="Giulio Cesare Zoglio">Giulio Cesare Zoglio</a> as nuncio angered the archbishop-electors of Cologne, Mainz, and Trier, who considered the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Cologne" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio to Cologne">Nuncio to Cologne</a> to be competent for all the Empire.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Joseph_II,_Holy_Roman_Emperor" title="Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor">Joseph II, Holy Roman Emperor</a> sided with the electors, and declared he would recognise nuncios in their "political character" only.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thus, there were two nuncios: one in Cologne, and one in Munich, the division of whose jurisdictions was a matter of contention.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>With the Archbishop-Electorates of Cologne, Mainz, and Trier occupied by France and dissolved in 1795 and 1803, respectively, the last nuncio to Cologne, <a href="/wiki/Pope_Leo_XII" title="Pope Leo XII">Annibale della Genga</a>, had to reside in <a href="/wiki/Augsburg" title="Augsburg">Augsburg</a>, which was annexed to Bavaria in 1803. With the dissolution of the Empire in 1806 Bavaria gained full sovereignty, and the tradition of the nuncio to Cologne was continued by the <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio to Austria">nuncio to Austria</a> in Vienna, competent for the <a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Austria" class="mw-redirect" title="Empire of Austria">Empire of Austria</a> only.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the years 1800–1818 the nunciature was suppressed due to Napoléon's pressure on the Vatican. However, after the <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Concordat_(1817)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bavarian Concordat (1817)">Bavarian Concordat (1817)</a> the ties were revitalised in 1818. Thus Austria and the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Bavaria" title="Kingdom of Bavaria">Kingdom of Bavaria</a> maintained their separate relations to the Pope, also after both had joined the <a href="/wiki/German_Confederation" title="German Confederation">German Confederation</a> in 1815, which was no state, but a mere <a href="/wiki/Confederation" title="Confederation">confederacy</a>. Whereas the prevailingly Lutheran or Calvinist German states within the confederacy, disestablished in 1866, had no diplomatic ties with the Holy See.<sup id="cite_ref-catholic_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> None of the states of the <a href="/wiki/North_German_Confederation" title="North German Confederation">North German Confederation</a>, a confederacy without Austria and <a href="/wiki/Southern_Germany" title="Southern Germany">Southern Germany</a>, had ties to the Vatican. When most German states, but not Austria, merged with the North German Confederation in order to form the federal united <a href="/wiki/German_Empire" title="German Empire">German Empire</a> in 1871, Bavaria was the only member state with a nunciature. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG/220px-PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="308" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG/330px-PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG/440px-PacelliBavaria1922a.JPG 2x" data-file-width="716" data-file-height="1002" /></a><figcaption>Eugenio Pacelli (future <a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Pope Pius XII</a>), the penultimate nuncio to Bavaria.</figcaption></figure><p> When the Bavarian monarchy became the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Bavaria" class="mw-redirect" title="Free State of Bavaria">Free State of Bavaria</a> after the abdication of the king, like all German monarchies and the Empire became republics, the diplomatic ties continued as German states are generally allowed to have foreign relationships. In 1920 Germany concluded formal diplomatic ties with the Vatican, so that <a href="/wiki/Eugenio_Pacelli" class="mw-redirect" title="Eugenio Pacelli">Eugenio Pacelli</a>, Nuncio to Bavaria, was appointed the first <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Germany" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio to Germany">nuncio to Germany</a> in personal union. However, the nunciature to Germany remained seated in Munich, since <a href="/wiki/Berlin" title="Berlin">Berlin</a>, simultaneously the capital of Germany and Prussia, was located in the latter, not holding official ties with the Holy See. Pacelli concluded the new <a href="/wiki/Bavarian_Concordat_(1924)" title="Bavarian Concordat (1924)">Bavarian Concordat (1924)</a> with the Free State. </p><p>In 1925 the <a href="/wiki/Free_State_of_Prussia" title="Free State of Prussia">Free State of Prussia</a>, the biggest German state, concluded diplomatic relations with the Vatican, so that Pacelli resigned as Nuncio to Bavaria in order to become the first <a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nuncio_to_Prussia" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostolic Nuncio to Prussia">nuncio to Prussia</a> in personal union with nuncio to Germany, opening a nunciature in Berlin. He then negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Prussian_Concordat" title="Prussian Concordat">Prussian Concordat</a> (1930), before he was appointed <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a> negotiating the <a href="/wiki/Reichskonkordat" title="Reichskonkordat">Reichskonkordat</a>, finally concluded with <a href="/wiki/Nazi_Germany" title="Nazi Germany">Nazi Germany</a> in 1933. </p><p>When the streamlining Nazi <a href="/wiki/Gleichschaltung" title="Gleichschaltung">Gleichschaltung</a> did formally away with statehood of the German states and established a centralised dictatorship in 1934, Bavaria was not to hold diplomatic ties of its own any more. While Pacelli managed to continue the nunciature to Bavaria as a kind of outpost of the nunciature to Germany, the Nazi government prompted the expulsion of the last nuncio to Bavaria in 1936. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Nuncios_to_Bavaria">Nuncios to Bavaria</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Nuncios to Bavaria"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giulio_Cesare_Zoglio" title="Giulio Cesare Zoglio">Giulio Cesare Zoglio</a> (10 December 1785 – 13 April 1795)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Emidio_Ziucci&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Emidio Ziucci (page does not exist)">Emidio Ziucci</a> (12 January 1796 – 1800)</li> <li>1800–1804 united nuncio to Germany and Bavaria (see above)</li> <li>1804-1817: vacancy</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francesco_Serra_Cassano&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francesco Serra Cassano (page does not exist)">Francesco Serra Cassano</a> (26 November 1817 – 3 July 1826)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Carlo_Giuseppe_Benedetto_Mercy_d%27Argenteau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Carlo Giuseppe Benedetto Mercy d'Argenteau (page does not exist)">Carlo Giuseppe Benedetto Mercy d'Argenteau</a> (3 October 1826 – 27 April 1837)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michele_Viale-Prel%C3%A0" title="Michele Viale-Prelà">Michele Viale-Prelà</a> (9 August 1838 – 27 May 1845)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Morichini" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo Morichini">Carlo Morichini</a> (April 1845 – 2 August 1847)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Sacconi" title="Carlo Sacconi">Carlo Sacconi</a> (13 November 1847 – 28 September 1853)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Saverio_De_Luca" title="Antonio Saverio De Luca">Antonio De Luca</a> (19 December 1853 – 16 June 1856)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Flavio_Chigi_(1810-1885)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Flavio Chigi (1810-1885) (page does not exist)">Flavio Chigi</a> (16 June 1856 – 30 September 1861)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Matteo_Eustachio_Gonella&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Matteo Eustachio Gonella (page does not exist)">Matteo Eustachio Gonella</a> (30 September 1861 – 22 June 1866)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pier_Francesco_Meglia" title="Pier Francesco Meglia">Pier Francesco Meglia</a> (21 October 1866 – 27 April 1874)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Bianchi" title="Angelo Bianchi">Angelo Bianchi</a> (13 November 1874 – 15 May 1877)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaetano_Aloisi_Masella" title="Gaetano Aloisi Masella">Gaetano Aloisi Masella</a> (16 May 1877 – 1 August 1879)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Roncetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesare Roncetti (page does not exist)">Cesare Roncetti</a> (28 July 1879 – 13 October 1881)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angelo_Di_Pietro" title="Angelo Di Pietro">Angelo Di Pietro</a> (19 March 1882 – 16 May 1887)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulco_Luigi_Ruffo-Scilla" title="Fulco Luigi Ruffo-Scilla">Fulco Luigi Ruffo-Scilla</a> (16 May 1887 – 20 March 1889)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonio_Agliardi" title="Antonio Agliardi">Antonio Agliardi</a> (4 April 1889 – 16 May 1893)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrea_Aiuti" title="Andrea Aiuti">Andrea Aiuti</a> (16 May 1893 – 15 July 1896)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedetto_Lorenzelli" title="Benedetto Lorenzelli">Benedetto Lorenzelli</a> (10 October 1896 – 8 May 1899)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cesare_Sambucetti&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cesare Sambucetti (page does not exist)">Cesare Sambucetti</a> (13 January 1900 – 15 October 1901)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jos%C3%A9_Macchi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="José Macchi (page does not exist)">José Macchi</a> (21 July 1902 – 6 January 1904)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carlo_Caputo" title="Carlo Caputo">Carlo Caputo</a> (14 January 1904 – August 1907)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_Franz_Fr%C3%BChwirth" class="mw-redirect" title="Andreas Franz Frühwirth">Andreas Frühwirth</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dominican_Order" title="Dominican Order">OP</a> (26 October 1907 – 6 December 1915)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Giuseppe_Aversa&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Giuseppe Aversa (page does not exist)">Giuseppe Aversa</a> (4 December 1916 – 12 April 1917)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Pius_XII" title="Pope Pius XII">Eugenio Pacelli</a> (20 April 1917 – 1925), simultaneously nuncio to Germany (1920–1930) and then nuncio to Prussia (1925–1930)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alberto_Vassallo-Torregrossa" title="Alberto Vassallo-Torregrossa">Alberto Vassallo-Torregrossa</a> (1925 – 31 May 1934)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-catholic-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-catholic_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catholic_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catholic_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catholic_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catholic_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-catholic_1-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHerbermann1913" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). <span class="cs1-ws-icon" title="s:Catholic Encyclopedia (1913)/Nuncio"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia_(1913)/Nuncio">"Nuncio" </a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Encyclopedia" title="Catholic Encyclopedia">Catholic Encyclopedia</a></i>. New York: Robert Appleton Company.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Nuncio&rft.btitle=Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft.place=New+York&rft.pub=Robert+Appleton+Company&rft.date=1913&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Michael_F._Feldkamp" title="Michael F. Feldkamp">Michael F. Feldkamp</a>, "Die Aufhebung der Apostolischen Nuntiatur in München 1934. Mit einem Anhang der Amtsdaten der Nuntien, Internuntien und Geschäftsträger 1786-1934", in: <i>Im Gedächtnis der Kirche neu erwachen. Studien zur Geschichte des Christentums in Mittel- und Osteuropa. Festgabe für Gabriel Adriányi</i>, Reimund Haas, Karl Josef Rivinius, Hermann-Josef Scheidgen (eds.), (=Bonner Beiträge zur Kirchengeschichte; vol. 22), Cologne, Vienna and Weimar: Böhlau, 2000, pp. 185–234.</li> <li>Egon Johannes Greipl, "Das Archiv der Münchener Nuntiatur in der Zeit von 1904 bis 1934", in: <i>Quellen und Forschungen aus italienischen Archiven und Bibliotheken</i>, No. 66 (1986), pp. 402–406.</li> <li>Egon Johannes Greipl, "Die Bestände des Archivs der Münchener Nuntiatur in der Zeit von 1877 bis 1904", in: <i>Römische Quartalschrift für christliche Altertumskunde und Kirchengeschichte</i>, No. 78 (1983), pp. 192–269.</li> <li>Rupert Hacker, <i>Die Beziehungen zwischen Bayern und dem Hl. Stuhl in der Regierungszeit Ludwigs I. (1825-1848)</i>, Tübingen: Niemeyer, 1967, (=Bibliothek des Deutschen Historischen Instituts in Rom; vol. 27). <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-484-80026-7" title="Special:BookSources/3-484-80026-7">3-484-80026-7</a>.</li> <li>Bernhard Zittel, "Die Vertretung des Heiligen Stuhles in München 1785-1934", in: <i>Der Mönch im Wappen. Aus Geschichte und Gegenwart des katholischen München</i>, Munich: Schnell & Steiner, 1960, pp. 419–494.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apostolic_Nunciature_to_Bavaria&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.catholic-hierarchy.org/diocese/dx991.html">"Nunciature to Bavaria"</a>. <i>Catholic Hierarchy</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Catholic+Hierarchy&rft.atitle=Nunciature+to+Bavaria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.catholic-hierarchy.org%2Fdiocese%2Fdx991.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPS"><sup>[<i>self-published</i>]</sup></a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gcatholic.org/dioceses/nunciature/nunc193.htm">"Apostolic Nunciature: Bavaria"</a>. <i>GCatholic</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GCatholic&rft.atitle=Apostolic+Nunciature%3A+Bavaria&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gcatholic.org%2Fdioceses%2Fnunciature%2Fnunc193.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AApostolic+Nunciature+to+Bavaria" class="Z3988"></span> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SPS" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SPS"><sup>[<i>self-published</i>]</sup></a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=Holy_See&#124;link=Holy_See_Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="3"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output 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1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg/30px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282001%E2%80%932023%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="500" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Holy_See" title="Foreign relations of the Holy See">Foreign relations of the Holy See</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Algeria%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Algeria–Holy See relations">Algeria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_African_Republic%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Central African Republic–Holy See relations">Central African Republic</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Democratic_Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Democratic Republic of the Congo–Holy See relations">Democratic Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Republic_of_the_Congo%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Republic of the Congo–Holy See relations">Republic of the Congo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Ivory_Coast_relations" title="Holy See–Ivory Coast relations">Ivory Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Mauritius_relations" title="Holy See–Mauritius relations">Mauritius</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="8" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Vatican_City_(2023%E2%80%93present).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Emblem of the Holy See"><img alt="Emblem of the Holy See" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/60px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="60" height="60" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/90px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b3/Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg/120px-Flag_of_Vatican_City_%282023%E2%80%93present%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Americas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Argentina%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Argentina–Holy See relations">Argentina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brazil%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Brazil–Holy See relations">Brazil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Canada–Holy See relations">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chile%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Chile–Holy See relations">Chile</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuba%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Cuba–Holy See relations">Cuba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Mexico_relations" title="Holy See–Mexico relations">Mexico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Nicaragua_relations" title="Holy See–Nicaragua relations">Nicaragua</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Peru_relations" title="Holy See–Peru relations">Peru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_States_relations" title="Holy See–United States relations">United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Uruguay_relations" title="Holy See–Uruguay relations">Uruguay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Venezuela_relations" title="Holy See–Venezuela relations">Venezuela</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Bangladesh–Holy See relations">Bangladesh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="China–Holy See relations">China</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgia%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Georgia–Holy See relations">Georgia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93India_relations" title="Holy See–India relations">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Indonesia_relations" title="Holy See–Indonesia relations">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Iran_relations" title="Holy See–Iran relations">Iran</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Israel_relations" title="Holy See–Israel relations">Israel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Japan_relations" title="Holy See–Japan relations">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Jordan_relations" title="Holy See–Jordan relations">Jordan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Kurdistan_Region_relations" title="Holy See–Kurdistan Region relations">Kurdistan Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Lebanon_relations" title="Holy See–Lebanon relations">Lebanon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Malaysia_relations" title="Holy See–Malaysia relations">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Myanmar_relations" title="Holy See–Myanmar relations">Myanmar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Nepal_relations" title="Holy See–Nepal relations">Nepal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Pakistan_relations" title="Holy See–Pakistan relations">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Palestine_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See–Palestine relations">Palestine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Philippines_relations" title="Holy See–Philippines relations">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Saudi_Arabia_relations" title="Holy See–Saudi Arabia relations">Saudi Arabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93South_Korea_relations" title="Holy See–South Korea relations">South Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Sri_Lanka_relations" title="Holy See–Sri Lanka relations">Sri Lanka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Syria_relations" title="Holy See–Syria relations">Syria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Taiwan_relations" title="Holy See–Taiwan relations">Taiwan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Turkey_relations" title="Holy See–Turkey relations">Turkey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Arab_Emirates_relations" title="Holy See–United Arab Emirates relations">United Arab Emirates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Vietnam_relations" title="Holy See–Vietnam relations">Vietnam</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albania%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Albania–Holy See relations">Albania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bosnia_and_Herzegovina%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Bosnia and Herzegovina–Holy See relations">Bosnia and Herzegovina</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgaria%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Bulgaria–Holy See relations">Bulgaria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatia%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Croatia–Holy See relations">Croatia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="France–Holy See relations">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Germany%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Germany–Holy See relations">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greece%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Greece–Holy See relations">Greece</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Ireland_relations" title="Holy See–Ireland relations">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Italy_relations" title="Holy See–Italy relations">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93North_Macedonia_relations" title="Holy See–North Macedonia relations">North Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco%E2%80%93Holy_See_relations" title="Monaco–Holy See relations">Monaco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Poland_relations" title="Holy See–Poland relations">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Romania_relations" title="Holy See–Romania relations">Romania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Russia_relations" title="Holy See–Russia relations">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Serbia_relations" title="Holy See–Serbia relations">Serbia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Spain_relations" title="Holy See–Spain relations">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Switzerland_relations" title="Holy See–Switzerland relations">Switzerland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93United_Kingdom_relations" title="Holy See–United Kingdom relations">United Kingdom</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See-Papua_New_Guinea_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Holy See-Papua New Guinea relations">Papua New Guinea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Soviet_Union_relations" title="Holy See–Soviet Union relations">Soviet Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93Yugoslavia_relations" title="Holy See–Yugoslavia relations">Yugoslavia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Multilateral relations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Representative_to_the_African_Union" title="Apostolic Representative to the African Union">African Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Nunciature_to_ASEAN" title="Apostolic Nunciature to ASEAN">ASEAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_Delegation_to_the_Arab_League" title="Apostolic Delegation to the Arab League">Arab League</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_Council_of_Europe" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Council of Europe">Council of Europe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Holy See–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_Organization_of_American_States" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the Organization of American States">Organization of American States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holy_See_and_the_United_Nations" title="Holy See and the United Nations">United Nations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations">Observer to the UN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Permanent_Observer_of_the_Holy_See_to_the_United_Nations_in_Geneva" title="Permanent Observer of the Holy See to the United Nations in Geneva">Observer to the UN in Geneva</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Apostolic_nunciature" title="Apostolic nunciature">Apostolic nunciature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Secretary_of_State" title="Cardinal Secretary of State">Cardinal Secretary of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Concordat" title="Concordat">Concordats</a></li> <li>Diplomatic missions: <a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Holy See">of the Holy See</a>/<a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Holy_See" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Holy See">to the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_heads_of_the_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Holy_See" title="List of heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See">Heads of the diplomatic missions of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Legal_status_of_the_Holy_See" title="Legal status of the Holy See">Legal status of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Multilateral_foreign_policy_of_the_Holy_See" title="Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See">Multilateral foreign policy of the Holy See</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secretariat_of_State_(Holy_See)" title="Secretariat of State (Holy See)">Secretariat of State</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Section_for_Relations_with_States_(Roman_Curia)" class="mw-redirect" title="Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)">Section for Relations with States (Roman Curia)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620048#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div 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