Evidence-Based Solutions for Healthcare | UpToDate

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</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="container-fluid"> <div > <div class="row"></div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="component modal" id="modal-language-selector" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true"> <button type="button" class="modal-close" data-dismiss="modal" aria-label="Close"> <span class="wk-icon-close"></span> </button> <div class="modal-content"> <div class="modal-content"><div class="row"> <div class="component image file-type-icon-media-link position-center"> <div class="component-content"> <a title="Image 1" href="#"><image mediaid="" stylelabs-content-id="209968" thumbnailsrc="https://contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/gateway/209968/thumbnail" src="https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/d09674905ed3409ab4ddab80d6b48268.svg?v=a2472b35" stylelabs-content-type="Image" alt="WK logo" height="31" width="190" srcset="https://assets.contenthub.wolterskluwer.com/api/public/content/d09674905ed3409ab4ddab80d6b48268.svg?v=a2472b35&t=w507l 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href="https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en">global site</a> in English, or select an alternative location or language below</div></div> </div> </div> <div class="component language-selector-component"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="component tabs language-selector-modal"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="tabs-inner"> <ul class="tabs-heading"> <li tabindex="0"> <div> <div class="row"> <div class="component content"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="field-heading" data-dm-wk="tabshorizontal.button"> Americas </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li tabindex="0"> <div> <div class="row"> <div class="component content"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="field-heading" data-dm-wk="tabshorizontal.button"> Europe </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> <li tabindex="0"> <div> <div class="row"> <div class="component content"> <div class="component-content"> <div class="field-heading" data-dm-wk="tabshorizontal.button"> Asia & Pacific </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </li> </ul> <div class="tabs-container"> <div class="tab"> <div class="row"> <div class="row component column-splitter"> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Brazil</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/pt-br" data-variantfieldname="Link">Portuguese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/pt-br/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Portuguese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Canada</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-ca" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/fr-ca" data-variantfieldname="Link">French</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-ca/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/fr-ca/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">French</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Latin America</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/es" data-variantfieldname="Link">Spanish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/es/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Spanish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">United States</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab"> <div class="row"> <div class="row component column-splitter"> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Belgium</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/nl-be" data-variantfieldname="Link">Dutch</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/fr-be" data-variantfieldname="Link">French</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/nl-be/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Dutch</a> </div> </li> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/fr-be/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">French</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Czech Republic</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/cs-cz" data-variantfieldname="Link">Czech</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/cs-cz/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Czech</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Denmark</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/da-dk" data-variantfieldname="Link">Denmark</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/da-dk/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Denmark</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">France</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/fr-fr" data-variantfieldname="Link">French</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/fr-fr/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">French</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Germany</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/de-de" data-variantfieldname="Link">German</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/de-de/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">German</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Hungary</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/hu-hu" data-variantfieldname="Link">Hungarian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/hu-hu/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Hungarian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Italy</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/it-it" data-variantfieldname="Link">Italian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/it-it/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Italian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Netherlands</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/nl-nl" data-variantfieldname="Link">Dutch</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/nl-nl/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Dutch</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Norway</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/nb-no" data-variantfieldname="Link">Norwegian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/nb-no/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Norwegian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Poland</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/pl-pl" data-variantfieldname="Link">Polish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/pl-pl/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Polish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Portugal</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/pt-pt" data-variantfieldname="Link">Portuguese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/pt-pt/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Portuguese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Romania</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/ro-ro" data-variantfieldname="Link">Romanian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/ro-ro/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Romanian</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Slovakia</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/sk-sk" data-variantfieldname="Link">Slovak</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/sk-sk/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Slovak</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Spain</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/es-es" data-variantfieldname="Link">Spanish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/es-es/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Spanish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Sweden</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/sv-se" data-variantfieldname="Link">Swedish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/sv-se/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Swedish</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">United Kingdom</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-gb" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-gb/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="tab"> <div class="row"> <div class="row component column-splitter"> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Australia</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-au" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-au/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">China</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="https://www.wolterskluwer.cn" data-variantfieldname="Link" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Simplified Chinese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Hong Kong</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-hk" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-hk/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">India</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-in" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-in/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Japan</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/ja-jp" data-variantfieldname="Link">Japanese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/ja-jp/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">Japanese</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">Malaysia</h6> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Home page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-my" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> <div class="language-selector-modal__page"> <span class="language-selector-modal__page-name">Current Page:</span> <ul> <li> <div class="field-link"> <a href="/en-my/solutions/uptodate" data-variantfieldname="Link">English</a> </div> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="col-12 col-md-3"> <div class="row"> <div class="component link-list"> <div class="component-content"> <h6 class="language-selector-modal__country-name">New Zealand</h6> <div 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