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class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Variety of the Papuan Malay language</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above above" style="font-size:125%; color: black; background-color: tan;">Serui Malay</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;">Region</th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Yapen_Islands_Regency" title="Yapen Islands Regency">Yapen Islands Regency</a>, <a href="/wiki/Waropen_Regency" title="Waropen Regency">Waropen Regency</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><span class="wrap"><a href="/wiki/Language_family" title="Language family">Language family</a></span></div></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><div style="text-align:left;"><a href="/wiki/Malay_trade_and_creole_languages" title="Malay trade and creole languages">Malay Creole</a> <ul style="line-height:100%; margin-left:1.35em;padding-left:0"><li> <a href="/wiki/East_Indonesian_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="East Indonesian Malay">East Indonesian Malay</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><a href="/wiki/Papuan_Malay" title="Papuan Malay">Papuan Malay</a><ul style="line-height:100%;margin-left:0.45em;padding-left:0;"><li><b>Serui Malay</b></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="color: black; background-color: tan;">Language codes</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="white-space:nowrap;padding-right:0.65em;"><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ISO_639-3" title="ISO 639-3">ISO 639-3</a></span></th><td class="infobox-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">–</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:250px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:250px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:250px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Approximate location where Serui Malay is spoken"><img alt="Approximate location where Serui Malay is spoken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/250px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="192" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/375px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg/500px-Southeast_Asia_location_map.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="492" data-file-height="378" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:76.24%;left:73.676%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-3px;top:-3px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Serui Malay"><img alt="Approximate location where Serui Malay is spoken" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/6px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="6" height="6" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/9px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:4px"><div>Serui Malay</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data" style="line-height:1.3em;">Coordinates: <span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Serui_Malay&params=2_S_136_E_type:landmark"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">2°S</span> <span class="longitude">136°E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">2°S 136°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-2; 136</span></span></span></a></span></span></td></tr></tbody></table><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236303919">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-has-images-with-white-backgrounds img{background:white}}</style> <p><b>Serui Malay</b> is a variety of the <a href="/wiki/Papuan_Malay" title="Papuan Malay">Papuan Malay</a> language native to parts of the Indonesian province of <a href="/wiki/Papua_(province)" title="Papua (province)">Papua</a>. It is spoken in the city of <a href="/wiki/Serui" class="mw-redirect" title="Serui">Serui</a> and other places on the <a href="/wiki/Yapen_Islands" class="mw-redirect" title="Yapen Islands">Yapen Islands</a>, as well as in nearby coastal areas of the New Guinea mainland. </p><p>Though it is likely that Malay was used to an extent in previous centuries, its widespread use and its current form date to the 20th century. Serui Malay is generally referred to as a dialect of <i>Bahasa Indonesia</i> by its speakers, but it diverges from Standard <a href="/wiki/Indonesian_language" title="Indonesian language">Indonesian</a> in a number of ways.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has similarities to <a href="/wiki/Ambon_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ambon Malay">Ambon Malay</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKluge201421_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKluge201421-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Van Velzen considers it to be more closely related to <a href="/wiki/Ternate_Malay" class="mw-redirect" title="Ternate Malay">Ternate Malay</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995315_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995315-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large number of local languages are spoken in the area, and the need for a common <a href="/wiki/Lingua_franca" title="Lingua franca">lingua franca</a> has been underlined by the centuries-old traditions of inter-group interaction in the form of slave-hunting, adoption, and intermarriage.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995312_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995312-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is likely that Malay was first introduced by the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Biak_people&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Biak people (page does not exist)">Biak</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D0%B0%D0%BA_(%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4)" class="extiw" title="ru:Биак (народ)">ru</a>]</span>, who had contacts with the <a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Tidore" title="Sultanate of Tidore">Sultanate of Tidore</a>, and later, in the 19th century, by traders from China and <a href="/wiki/South_Sulawesi" title="South Sulawesi">South Sulawesi</a>. However, Malay was probably not widespread until the adoption of the language by the Dutch missionaries who arrived in the early 20th century and were then followed in this practice by the Dutch administrators.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995314_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995314-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The spread of Malay into the more distant areas was further facilitated by the <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">Opleiding tot Dorpsonderwijzer</i></span> ('Education for village teacher') programme; it tended to attract a lot of Waropen men, which has led to the influence of the <a href="/wiki/Waropen_language" title="Waropen language">Waropen language</a> on the local Malay varieties.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Phonology">Phonology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Phonology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>People from West <a href="/wiki/Yapen" title="Yapen">Yapen</a> (Woi, Ansus, Pom) neutralise word-final nasals to [<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Voiced_velar_nasal" title="Voiced velar nasal">ŋ</a></span>]. Those from other ethnic groups do not have <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">[ŋ]</span> because the phoneme is absent from their native languages. The distinction between /r/ and /l/ is clearer in the speech of educated people. The palatal stops of Indonesian are not often distinguished by uneducated speakers, who substitute <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/d͡ʒ/</span> with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/di/</span>, and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ʃ/</span> with <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ti/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/si/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t/</span> (Indonesian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ɡəred͡ʒa/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/geredia/</span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">t͡ʃəŋkeh</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sieŋge/</span> or <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sieŋke/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995316_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995316-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Word-finally, voiceless stops and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/h/</span> are dropped: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sudah/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/suda/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/takut/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/tako/</span>; <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/k/</span> may or may not be dropped: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/balik/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/bale/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sibuk/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/sibuk/</span>. <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/f/</span> is consistently distinguished, unlike in many other varieties of Papuan Malay.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995317–18_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995317–18-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Indonesian schwa /<span class="IPA" lang="und-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Mid_central_vowel" title="Mid central vowel">ə</a></span>/ has various realisations, sometimes accompanied by a change in the position of stress: as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/i/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pərˈɡi/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈpiɡi/</span>), as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/a/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/səˈnaŋ/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/saˈnaŋ/</span>), as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pəlˈuk/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈpolo/</span>), as <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ʃəˈpat/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/t͡ʃeˈpat/</span>), or dropped altogether (<span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/təˈrus/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ˈtrus/</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995319–20_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995319–20-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Indonesian <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/ai/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/au/</span> correspond to <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/e/</span> and <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/o/</span> respectively: <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pakai/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pake/</span>, <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pulau/</span> -> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="und-Latn-fonipa" title="Representation in the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)">/pulo/</span>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995318–19_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995318–19-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Grammar">Grammar</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Grammar"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The morphology is more limited than in standard Indonesian. For example, <a href="/wiki/Passive_voice" title="Passive voice">passive voice</a> or <a href="/w/index.php?title=Object_focus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Object focus (page does not exist)">object focus</a> are not marked on the verb, and verb bases are generally used without <a href="/wiki/Affix" title="Affix">affixes</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321–23_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321–23-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A smaller number of derivational affixes are used than in Indonesian. The productive verbal prefixes are the following:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_323–325_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_323–325-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ba-/bar-</i></span> (corresponding to Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">ber-</i></span>): <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">isi</i></span> 'contents' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">baisi</i></span> 'contain', <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ana</i></span> 'child' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">barana</i></span> 'have children';</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ta-/tar-</i></span> (corresponding to Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">ter-</i></span>): <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">toki</i></span> 'beat' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">tatoki</i></span> 'beaten'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">maN-</i></span> (Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">meN-</i></span>). Used rarely: <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">lawan</i></span> 'versus' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">malawan</i></span> 'be opposed to'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">baku-</i></span> (absent from Standard Indonesian, but available in Ambonese, Ternatan and Manadonese Malay). It has a reciprocal meaning: <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">pukul</i></span> 'beat' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">bakupukul</i></span> 'beat each other', <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">mayari</i></span> 'seduce' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">bakumayari</i></span> 'seduce each other';</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">paN-</i></span>, derives intransitive verbs: <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">malas</i></span> 'unwilling' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">pamalas</i></span> 'not feel like'.</li></ul> <p>Reduplication is also used, with several meanings, both with nouns and with verbs: <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">tatawa</i></span> 'laugh' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">tatawa-tatawa</i></span> 'laugh repeatedly', <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ronda</i></span> 'stroll' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ronda-ronda</i></span> 'stroll around', <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ana</i></span> 'child' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">ana-ana</i></span> 'children', <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">lap</i></span> 'swab' -> <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">lap-lap</i></span> 'cleaning rag'.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_322,_325_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_322,_325-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Most speakers do not distinguish between <a href="/wiki/Clusivity" title="Clusivity">inclusive and exclusive</a> first person (<span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kami</i></span> and <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kita</i></span> in Standard Indonesian), even though this distinction is present in most regional languages of the area.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995326_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995326-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Possession is expressed using <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">punya</i></span> (or its shortened form <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">pu</i></span>):<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995327–28_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995327–28-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1209690778">.mw-parser-output .interlinear .bold{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .interlinear .smallcaps{text-transform:uppercase;font-size:smaller}</style><div class="interlinear" style="margin-left:3em"><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="pmy" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">sa</p><p style="margin: 0px;">I</p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="pmy" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">pu</p><p style="margin: 0px;"><abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr></p></div><div style="float: left; margin-bottom: 0.3em;margin-right: 1em;"><p lang="pmy" style="margin: 0px;font-style: italic;">spatu</p><p style="margin: 0px;">shoe</p></div><p style="display: none;">sa pu spatu</p><p style="display: none;">I <abbr class="gloss-abbr" title="possessive" style="font-variant: small-caps; font-variant-numeric: lining-nums; text-transform: lowercase;">POSS</abbr> shoe</p><p style="clear: left;">'my shoe(s)'</p><div style="clear: left; display: block;"></div> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vocabulary">Vocabulary</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Vocabulary"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Serui Malay diverges in a number of ways from Indonesian in its vocabulary. There are words that have extended or otherwise changed their meaning in comparison with Indonesian:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995328–30_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995328–30-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kumis</i></span> means "moustache" in Standard Indonesian, but in Serui Malay it has developed a wider range of meanings: "moustache, beard, chest hair, sideboards"</li> <li><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">motor</i></span> ("motor, motorcycle" in Indonesian) has similarly developed the meanings "motor, motor canoe, motorcycle, lungfish"</li> <li>Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">bunuh</i></span> 'kill' corresponds to Serui Malay <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">bunu</i></span>, which has developed the additional meaning "switch off"</li> <li><span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pengayuh</i></span> 'oar' is a noun in Indonesian, but in Serui Malay <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">panggayu</i></span> it is a verb meaning 'paddle, row'; the very opposite change has occurred with the Indonesian verb <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">dayung</i></span> 'row', which has become the noun <span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">dayung</i></span> 'oar'.</li></ul> <p>There are many words in Serui Malay not found in Standard Indonesian:<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995330–33_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995330–33-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">bia</i></span> 'shell' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kerang</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">tete</i></span> 'grandfather' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kakek</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">soa-soa</i></span> 'iguana' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">biawak</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">caparuni</i></span> 'messy' (a loan from Ambonese Malay, differs from Standard Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">berantakan</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">rica</i></span> 'chili pepper' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">lombok</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">kaskado</i></span> 'scabies' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">kudis</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">lolaro/olaro</i></span> 'mangrove trees' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">pohon bakau</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">duri babi</i></span> 'sea urchin' (cf. Indonesian <span title="Indonesian-language text"><i lang="id">bulu babi</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">molo</i></span> 'skin diving'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">sema</i></span> 'black magician'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">koming</i></span> 'Papuan'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">tai yakis</i></span> 'exclamation of resistance'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">mayari</i></span> 'seduce'</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">bilolo</i></span> 'hermit crab'.</li></ul> <p>Serui Malay has borrowed vocabulary from Dutch, Portuguese, other Malay varieties and regional languages: </p> <ul><li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">testa</i></span> 'head' (from Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">testa</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">kadera</i></span> 'chair' (from Portuguese <span title="Portuguese-language text"><i lang="pt">cadera</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">spir</i></span> 'muscle' (from Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">spier</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">firkan</i></span> 'square' (from Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">vierkant</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">spok</i></span> 'give someone a hard time' (from Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">spook</i></span>)</li> <li><span title="Papuan Malay-language text"><i lang="pmy">boswesen</i></span> 'department of forestry' (from Dutch <span title="Dutch-language text"><i lang="nl">boswezen</i></span>).</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995313_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, p. 313.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEKluge201421-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEKluge201421_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFKluge2014">Kluge 2014</a>, p. 21.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995315-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995315_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, p. 315.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995312-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995312_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, p. 312.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995314-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995314_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, p. 314.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995316-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995316_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, p. 316.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995317–18-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995317–18_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 317–18.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995319–20-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995319–20_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 319–20.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995318–19-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995318–19_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 318–19.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321–23-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321–23_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 321–23.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_323–325-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_323–325_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 321, 323–325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_322,_325-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995321,_322,_325_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 321, 322, 325.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995326-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995326_13-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, p. 326.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995327–28-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995327–28_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 327–28.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995328–30-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995328–30_15-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 328–30.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995330–33-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEvan_Velzen1995330–33_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFvan_Velzen1995">van Velzen 1995</a>, pp. 330–33.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFKluge2014" class="citation thesis cs1">Kluge, Angela Johanna Helene (2014). <i>A grammar of Papuan Malay</i> (PhD). LOT Dissertation Series 361. Leiden University. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/1887%2F25849">1887/25849</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adissertation&rft.title=A+grammar+of+Papuan+Malay&rft.inst=Leiden+University&rft.date=2014&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F1887%2F25849&rft.aulast=Kluge&rft.aufirst=Angela+Johanna+Helene&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerui+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFvan_Velzen1995" class="citation book cs1">Velzen, Paul van (1995). "Sone notes on the variety of Malay used in Serui and vicinity". In Connie Baak; Mary Bakker; Dick van der Maij (eds.). <i>Tales from a concave world : liber amicorum Bert Voorhoeve</i>. Department of Languages and Cultures of South-East Asia and Oceania, Leiden University. pp. 311–43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9073006066" title="Special:BookSources/9073006066"><bdi>9073006066</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Sone+notes+on+the+variety+of+Malay+used+in+Serui+and+vicinity&rft.btitle=Tales+from+a+concave+world+%3A+liber+amicorum+Bert+Voorhoeve&rft.pages=311-43&rft.pub=Department+of+Languages+and+Cultures+of+South-East+Asia+and+Oceania%2C+Leiden+University&rft.date=1995&rft.isbn=9073006066&rft.aulast=Velzen&rft.aufirst=Paul+van&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ASerui+Malay" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&oldid=1248248554">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Serui_Malay&oldid=1248248554</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Malay-based_pidgins_and_creoles" title="Category:Malay-based pidgins and creoles">Malay-based pidgins and creoles</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Languages_of_Indonesia" title="Category:Languages of Indonesia">Languages of Indonesia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Papua_(province)_culture" title="Category:Papua (province) culture">Papua (province) culture</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Yapen_Islands" title="Category:Yapen Islands">Yapen Islands</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_using_gadget_WikiMiniAtlas" title="Category:Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas">Pages using gadget WikiMiniAtlas</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_without_speaker_estimate" title="Category:Language articles without speaker estimate">Language articles without speaker estimate</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Dialects_of_languages_with_ISO_639-3_code" title="Category:Dialects of languages with ISO 639-3 code">Dialects of languages with ISO 639-3 code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Language_articles_missing_Glottolog_code" title="Category:Language articles missing Glottolog code">Language articles missing Glottolog code</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Dutch-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Dutch-language text">Articles containing Dutch-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Pages_with_plain_IPA" title="Category:Pages with plain IPA">Pages with plain IPA</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Papuan_Malay-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Papuan Malay-language text">Articles containing Papuan Malay-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Indonesian-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Indonesian-language text">Articles containing Indonesian-language text</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_containing_Portuguese-language_text" title="Category:Articles containing Portuguese-language text">Articles containing Portuguese-language text</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 28 September 2024, at 13:32<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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