CINXE.COM
Just a moment...
<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91368940edf3d4a5',cH: 'ZIh4TDqo9LcGcmSNH7ycyXzY1VlFj8kYP_aW9pzmhTQ-1739803264-1.2.1.1-eyXaQ1pGuCfvGkZ8LMI_xu6LaLnCrg2RBRhkq03TeIkeAqdOUlQKVTp9cLbYc0CS',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=asylum%20seeker&__cf_chl_tk=ME0HaqthT10DHPQNVNTeWErWy3X9c5Qg5Rz7WVK18Ts-1739803264-1.0.1.1-CAQoNjrJE2hPxsCLDVeDFTYIfOF7UnfXPfjauswTeh8",cFPWv: 'g',cITimeS: '1739803264',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=asylum%20seeker&__cf_chl_f_tk=ME0HaqthT10DHPQNVNTeWErWy3X9c5Qg5Rz7WVK18Ts-1739803264-1.0.1.1-CAQoNjrJE2hPxsCLDVeDFTYIfOF7UnfXPfjauswTeh8",md: "9PI9NwXJkG16ZxTKqWbL1lAUzwkfnWQH6O_VOO1UkAU-1739803264-1.2.1.1-S2LX9q8sS6kZ1QbmwMARzgOr8orHmpoBDbeDG3oyr6Ss61QzLTI1FruOXSIPlHy80EdJm6nEB6Wbkvo.Gyu5pm_19JiVRRekrz0PkWNw_jydWUPVNkIzfeRf9gJqbGlZ0_r3T3dP5ov_VBnoRrsPF._WGJ27i1cmbLQWGifCw14A8ya8MJz.UtTeycGlVnr90m2H4nUimU3RnStBYVU_QTf9uVA7GVTISqv1O1C431xpBusZgmIFOyFv2nmILT8ziTkAVE46wxOHhfYr32pFzwuwyST6bATrlR7Dj3Rs0Hq9Wa6dnCVO.Lm3rzUPI.yuxN9ewko6F_khBB1hZeWL9gfW0pegjJ3jQpTkPP8RVT44CmTdPfH0vJ9LWyg9ztBlZRnLyHtTVQimYUbCqJti4n_wEToxNWk4.TZptcqHVAe63ZlfNxKazAGM2ItHMZVd0PV3CZ7ypVVMTOA0fM1hHuDtEcUe0bHd52nGnkk5zkkfwkN6UFK6WQ8gZLALdY1PDQnS6jlzntlsyAP0Z6HxElkHcOJt5R2b0GKmlQIcfSgs5HmPMY6C4F7bhy9i0Hc8MInZq0W3q2AXEWK6JZ1ZUP6_I1.2eOeQfL3PZ_3mGGl5N9NmpzRzcuH0NZUo0AybT3vnsLtGFJSiHfLWoCfYDZueDQyAKWfTtHoBOeCH5CaOu_h6n3f0cYxMi.hQlqctH4bN.Oyy51uKZF_wXNtXFMVQipUhks6gNT1FcYRIeaIp3sc1KozLOhQMUuYR9.GuYmZNiQlZKpJ4MTu9gHz7VCaTN5MQSTLrAm3YxG1XzviTUR.lmoFTg9W5Jz5SDAn5Xr_yNjn0Xxsuv840xzm_kXenFvsla_F4piIvZ1I7cb10xNfINmxCLqwl.k9O1XZyLV7OiFQC_Ly8tVnDBOTjbGs3T3eQfzwZURqxHcmI.PpnEyvyRtCdkqT0Y8J5flCg3hR5Srm1Eci30EiCicfOwGu3aGoxyWpTLwQp5PA5JSHVY5ArfIhmzdcxQBe7DxgpS29Kr1KPGW.qxFiEdA29cXGDawsWUgMImryZvydIWpywpqiRDGRsfOiQ8HUxBtvAKhMxhaqwz0y36ig3WYpPN73.Z_FUUOZvGrMRcmj_5VGh5MoqNUNA2D1WCGyArL_Myr2FtbbquPgRG6nWkVJ3b0Y8HBoEdSFAAxu_La5Bl48KBRZmH7U5S9U0jnbnppQnIqWrZwHF6g4FkSv97odxNFjT6pDkxBKz0m6krXJNp7_0PbvEvgxe.LJIOLi7Fne7PVBkcBReRq3zPztOOSKMZMC9au8bSfFLUMSE.yy.ikg3ytFu305kWg3ObJb5VBjspGHRrzVXSXYISJv6CwuuRj2.JimKL_0BHUbdTU.pS6TfATpEPVGD2HybwuFZTqsmUNgoFoUqJygMUz6dQhe1gtgtFDDvTTHrbNOzV0XTWxjYMcRPFnkbdDUqcYsdxUT3kC56cW11IMnQz.YLv4144XzvTviZxynvOuUAOizQl50mMznnWfqBIvrf.WrG9Q9PPtZ7qUrai8713MxNPxK0GPOny4Rkgmx9kwMR5eWHeCkKhtpGfSdxh8v_hATP.yyxnLZmZQxgKmD2SAcA.kaGU68wvFkyS8O4xlrHFCUU_2GmBwLrWWJdRU4qjauzoksr16yIf6no8nXxfBSVVdG_6SerIbIl81QKA5vMc.s3GpqzzxYiFUPD51YNRYiq13cCSHhWoNUyAyqMdb64qvNSuBO9ElmXfNHn5pK_uV90u36WPsqlj0wx.tEtcVgImC7wTBL5VE5sZlAmgL6fpgnUI1eWiwxVGW2lT.WA4gpWO_KQeIgmH_Pn1qqIYgRWdJkgatov8CEJqNLZZmtrVzWQ1qE_Isg7QfK8m1gcMw802wuObzTcVysz_ORgCBAWWlfK3pgEbxa5jJTRGlQ7YQM4IQPvF_FdFIo.m.MGKh5JL3w",mdrd: "Bs142583rDSTLw4CBYb.ADMrG5BtZSLQaG5OWwtKvCQ-1739803264-1.2.1.1-Y7MORDJ_i.j5vo2zi0oYTmR6VmIrvhyOSQBYWA4UZlSio0dKVUroAbJD.3uJUuT03BrWglO01ea6bgH4P5bGbnkqQTPXf5BO7DoSe0SjP_HAASaItUWTdG9L_cRtsw8Ocfb.szT67BcQLgAHJ5MM4HQlLBFCgIetQtDPil1xNpmy_FcCavgQIVyh6RWo4qtFlPRtIw6PCWHJGVp_PsTekSq_WT44tnF_rQso7u6s1Y7WpW6cKpdyl4l.ud6qtJg_J9cBXq1ZsNt_35KS32ow3EhmAhzonqBlu8ig_3hmx1b0MSoFYlPByQfZBsgvIYan7r60nu_j.ShoWbAcyLCtzy2sP7g4HJTiOYtRMt4ZXth.0aLpB8_2fMaYyakolUgaqh0iJCeZl7T5rkms_qeP2NqQknpZqxrXAM8aSuB2cIOp2FLmQO6Kvmh1DpnauOW_fX2zrXMfO7uXCnJdiiMFoHhyABb4pULOoDuLoSkMwI6RfYOHdqVobzez7Rkfsiduny9l6lW2XjFTqJLCVEa7gN54OhupMkbI1LqqA9IyIBaQGCSVh6QfBHIjQVS9Q10ig95dIgGWhn.of.lLLgwlOJ86bvTYf5kUGTg_daOpYi7d.AkktAXEOkUBfza_3ZDp.VbIzVji0mPXZNbgv2LfNCYOONtv48ot0ciWKfmVbGjmSdVrBIwPBOX0BLvHX9k.t9hWvacGmIts.h8wCngIllwOUTyebhQSG3tj97nMtJPmADjC7QU3QINSm7fotsZ4UhRpdHWJ63I4LVK0TyEE6uJ3TYEeD5aF50tmL2qdhqeV4vqowk3y58skJ8lfSEmj85Sv4OM8_F7Dy1mNgJmp548M3p8MCZm8nki4626P4hFBlFtkipKDg5cmJI0WjZA9tUp_BUk_1aIoXXqRESRBEYLpDdI9ROI6d9rnTdHFu1EdsELqgf4UsH.qfUdjcEx0GLkHOWrssPSQBmu3odolrJUfF1B5RJG29uPzvwxvN9DNTbGNfK3FWQkIXjSBU0_MXrTrgsFwXP2M8O9DxenyvKaQtqIMl7TdkT31.nRTagSodSLKbepum_9JOW_gxl1CJTVuPTNPt3B_Z2T_H0gbdyfJ3U6t3k3QdYYSOmeZRWfV7lR_JYMX8m2ft5SeIOqQGdAS_L_b.sNek8Gf2ivqHVc7A44Jg5AsJlBNUqg6YAENe7ncLYU.taOZDLc_qsm9tZWcrTFUZqd1YhS4AN826s3gKbCtoW1oH1aGF2PilGFuCtZSpAaxAwMEnly1o06iJd1NlFCU_6eE._rZXHi1kvDLEK60CxRIPZ8O7DMhJ6bNy6_DH_FXK3Q_s59.I3_AtiIAXiJ.cqg1F8uzFgNICbXNiEH3r4T7Nl._unxRIjX115BmvD9PpeX2Oxs2anO157jHMlf0VXkqgnxpKWHRL7.S2vTNZ4SSjFD6AH8aU_g4gIcb2NA7K8.ioR23EhJxBgGxhj_hMXVFnbF6n1cJFAUY.P0z_xSid05TMXO3JtN6eJpTSfdP8hV1zIMCSU6OHorbQzdb6Z0wdX8eAxlDQR3nbn_WS6SYwE8t6rZ2DbFr0KMgJ2DD11OOORljm2ri89XJYIfGG0xsL_VVgwzdYJ1Dm2gbPrqHcR.Rpe9_fts4ut9PQu2VnVJ3L1s.RDJZQ0iJIjj28yUOSPfmyNdPrE_la5MobtJ6Hv7.KoO8yqqLW1tg79iWxpkeU1nHOiIYNNQXf1sUaD3EhYmHXBW9pNe8J7E2K3Fa9V0EKu0ILEfcB0pEH2PJIlsUo9ckavQwd5Mz2q2mJYYcMTkdcbwPVN5mI38yexcN7Xbs5RNBGHiWxtXnRX.wfb3zw4CcZAterBNJxcc3EIVQIxKLi6ZbdnQTM0Bv3jatwzOlyqImPwt3nXzmbilbMdSXSIqejoDc0pWYZF9oim_.Eu2E43Z3zTuooTElHv91ZUDOzoLaeqSgT.1LXet_htYq7mpwoaa5"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/g/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91368940edf3d4a5';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=asylum%20seeker&__cf_chl_rt_tk=ME0HaqthT10DHPQNVNTeWErWy3X9c5Qg5Rz7WVK18Ts-1739803264-1.0.1.1-CAQoNjrJE2hPxsCLDVeDFTYIfOF7UnfXPfjauswTeh8" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>