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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Virus_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Virus_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Virus definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Virus_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Species_definition" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Species_definition"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Species definition</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Species_definition-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Below_species_rank_(named_viruses/virus_strains/isolates)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Below_species_rank_(named_viruses/virus_strains/isolates)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Below species rank (named viruses/virus strains/isolates)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Below_species_rank_(named_viruses/virus_strains/isolates)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-ICTV_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#ICTV_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>ICTV classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-ICTV_classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle ICTV classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-ICTV_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Structure-based_virus_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Structure-based_virus_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Structure-based virus classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Structure-based_virus_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Baltimore_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Baltimore_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Baltimore classification</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Baltimore_classification-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Baltimore classification subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Baltimore_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-DNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#DNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>DNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-DNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-RNA_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#RNA_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>RNA viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-RNA_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reverse_transcribing_viruses" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reverse_transcribing_viruses"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Reverse transcribing viruses</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reverse_transcribing_viruses-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Historical_systems" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Historical_systems"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Historical systems</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Historical_systems-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Historical systems subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Historical_systems-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Holmes_classification" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Holmes_classification"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4.1</span> <span>Holmes classification</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Holmes_classification-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Subviral_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Subviral_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Subviral agents</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Subviral_agents-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Subviral agents subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Subviral_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Viroids_and_virus-dependent_agents" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viroids_and_virus-dependent_agents"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Viroids and virus-dependent agents</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viroids_and_virus-dependent_agents-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Viroids" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viroids"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.1</span> <span>Viroids</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viroids-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Satellites" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Satellites"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.2</span> <span>Satellites</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Satellites-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Defective_interfering_particles" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Defective_interfering_particles"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1.3</span> <span>Defective interfering particles</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Defective_interfering_particles-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Viriforms" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Viriforms"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Viriforms</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Viriforms-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span 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Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AA%D8%B5%D9%86%D9%8A%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%AA" title="تصنيف الفيروسات – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="تصنيف الفيروسات" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5" title="Класификация на вирусите – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Класификация на вирусите" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificaci%C3%B3_dels_virus" title="Classificació dels virus – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Classificació dels virus" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasifikace_vir%C5%AF" title="Klasifikace virů – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Klasifikace virů" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusklassifikation" title="Virusklassifikation – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Virusklassifikation" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B1%CE%BE%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%8C%CE%BC%CE%B7%CF%83%CE%B7_%CE%B9%CF%8E%CE%BD" title="Ταξινόμηση ιών – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ταξινόμηση ιών" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_de_los_virus" title="Clasificación de los virus – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Clasificación de los virus" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B7%D8%A8%D9%82%D9%87%E2%80%8C%D8%A8%D9%86%D8%AF%DB%8C_%D9%88%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88%D8%B3%E2%80%8C%D9%87%D8%A7" title="طبقه‌بندی ویروس‌ها – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="طبقه‌بندی ویروس‌ها" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification_des_virus" title="Classification des virus – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Classification des virus" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificaci%C3%B3n_dos_virus" title="Clasificación dos virus – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Clasificación dos virus" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B0%94%EC%9D%B4%EB%9F%AC%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B6%84%EB%A5%98" title="바이러스 분류 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="바이러스 분류" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%B7%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%A3%E0%A5%81_%E0%A4%B5%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%80%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%A3" title="विषाणु वर्गीकरण – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="विषाणु वर्गीकरण" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasifikasi_virus" title="Klasifikasi virus – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Klasifikasi virus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificazione_dei_virus" title="Classificazione dei virus – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Classificazione dei virus" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A1%D7%99%D7%95%D7%95%D7%92_%D7%A0%D7%92%D7%99%D7%A4%D7%99%D7%9D" title="סיווג נגיפים – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="סיווג נגיפים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabe%C5%9Fandina_v%C3%AErusan" title="Dabeşandina vîrusan – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Dabeşandina vîrusan" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classificatio_virorum" title="Classificatio virorum – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Classificatio virorum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_v%C3%ADrusok_oszt%C3%A1lyoz%C3%A1sa" title="A vírusok osztályozása – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="A vírusok osztályozása" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pengelasan_virus" title="Pengelasan virus – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Pengelasan virus" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virusnomenclatuur" title="Virusnomenclatuur – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Virusnomenclatuur" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%A6%E3%82%A4%E3%83%AB%E3%82%B9%E3%81%AE%E5%88%86%E9%A1%9E" title="ウイルスの分類 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ウイルスの分類" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematyka_wirus%C3%B3w" title="Systematyka wirusów – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Systematyka wirusów" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifica%C3%A7%C3%A3o_dos_v%C3%ADrus" title="Classificação dos vírus – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Classificação dos vírus" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clasificarea_virusurilor" title="Clasificarea virusurilor – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Clasificarea virusurilor" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru badge-Q70894304 mw-list-item" title=""><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%81%D0%B8%D1%84%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%B2%D0%B8%D1%80%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%B2" title="Классификация вирусов – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Классификация вирусов" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virus_classification" title="Virus classification – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Virus classification" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klasifikacija_virusov" title="Klasifikacija virusov – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Klasifikacija virusov" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vir%C3%BCs_s%C4%B1n%C4%B1fland%C4%B1rmas%C4%B1" title="Virüs sınıflandırması – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Virüs sınıflandırması" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ph%C3%A2n_lo%E1%BA%A1i_virus" title="Phân loại virus – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Phân loại virus" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%97%85%E6%AF%92%E5%88%86%E7%B1%BB%E8%A1%A8" title="病毒分类表 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="病毒分类表" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> 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<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Organisation of viruses into a taxonomic system</div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/220px-Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="564" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/330px-Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg/440px-Virus_classification_L_Pengo_vflip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="230" data-file-height="590" /></a><figcaption>Virus classification</figcaption></figure> <p> <b>Virus classification</b> is the process of naming <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">viruses</a> and placing them into a <a href="/wiki/Alpha_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Alpha taxonomy">taxonomic</a> system similar to the classification systems used for <a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">cellular organisms</a>. </p><p>Viruses are classified by <a href="/wiki/Phenotypic" class="mw-redirect" title="Phenotypic">phenotypic</a> characteristics, such as <a href="/wiki/Virus#Structure" title="Virus">morphology</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid" title="Nucleic acid">nucleic acid</a> type, mode of replication, <a href="/wiki/Host_(biology)" title="Host (biology)">host organisms</a>, and the type of <a href="/wiki/Disease" title="Disease">disease</a> they cause. The formal taxonomic classification of viruses is the responsibility of the <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> (ICTV) system, although the <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_classification" title="Baltimore classification">Baltimore classification</a> system can be used to place viruses into one of seven groups based on their manner of mRNA synthesis. Specific naming conventions and further classification guidelines are set out by the ICTV. </p><p>In 2021, the ICTV changed the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature (ICVCN) to mandate a binomial format (genus|| ||species) for naming new viral species similar to that used for cellular organisms; the names of species coined prior to 2021 are gradually being converted to the new format, a process planned for completion by the end of 2023.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers#Chronological_items" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers"><span title="Was this completed by the end of 2023? (August 2024)">needs update</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>As of 2022, the ICTV taxonomy listed 11,273 named virus species (including some classed as satellite viruses and others as viroids) in 2,818 genera, 264 families, 72 orders, 40 classes, 17 phyla, 9 kingdoms and 6 realms. <sup id="cite_ref-Virus_Taxonomy_2022_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Virus_Taxonomy_2022-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, the number of named <i>viruses</i> considerably exceeds the number of named virus <i>species</i> since, by contrast to the classification systems used elsewhere in biology, a virus "species" is a collective name for a group of (presumably related) viruses sharing certain common features (see below). Also, the use of the term "kingdom" in virology does not equate to its usage in other biological groups, where it reflects high level groupings that separate completely different kinds of organisms (see <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)" title="Kingdom (biology)">Kingdom (biology)</a>). </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Definitions">Definitions</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Definitions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Viral_quasispecies" title="Viral quasispecies">Viral quasispecies</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Virus_definition">Virus definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Virus definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The currently accepted and formal definition of a 'virus' was accepted by the ICTV Executive Committee in November 2020 and ratified in March 2021, and is as follows:<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Viruses <i><a href="/wiki/Sensu_stricto" class="mw-redirect" title="Sensu stricto">sensu stricto</a></i> are defined operationally by the ICTV as a type of <a href="/wiki/Mobile_genetic_elements" title="Mobile genetic elements">MGE</a> that encodes at least one protein that is a major component of the virion encasing the nucleic acid of the respective MGE and therefore the gene encoding the major virion protein itself or MGEs that are clearly demonstrable to be members of a line of evolutionary descent of such major virion protein-encoding entities. Any monophyletic group of MGEs that originates from a virion protein-encoding ancestor should be classified as a group of viruses.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Species_definition">Species definition</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Species definition"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Species form the basis for any biological classification system. Before 1982, it was thought that viruses could not be made to fit <a href="/wiki/Ernst_Mayr" title="Ernst Mayr">Ernst Mayr</a>'s reproductive concept of species, and so were not amenable to such treatment. In 1982, the ICTV started to define a species as "a cluster of strains" with unique identifying qualities. In 1991, the more specific principle that a virus species is a <a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/polythetic" class="extiw" title="wikt:polythetic">polythetic</a> class of viruses that constitutes a replicating lineage and occupies a particular ecological niche was adopted.<sup id="cite_ref-alimpiev_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-alimpiev-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As at 2021 (the latest edition of the ICVCN), the ICTV definition of species states: "A species is the lowest taxonomic level in the hierarchy approved by the ICTV. A species is a <a href="/wiki/Monophyletic" class="mw-redirect" title="Monophyletic">monophyletic</a> group of MGEs (<a href="/wiki/Mobile_genetic_element" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile genetic element">mobile genetic elements</a>) whose properties can be distinguished from those of other species by multiple criteria", with the comment "The criteria by which different species within a genus are distinguished shall be established by the appropriate Study Group. These criteria may include, but are not limited to, natural and experimental host range, cell and tissue tropism, pathogenicity, vector specificity, antigenicity, and the degree of relatedness of their genomes or genes. The criteria used should be published in the relevant section of the ICTV Report and reviewed periodically by the appropriate Study Group."<sup id="cite_ref-ictvcode_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ictvcode-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Below_species_rank_(named_viruses/virus_strains/isolates)"><span id="Below_species_rank_.28named_viruses.2Fvirus_strains.2Fisolates.29"></span>Below species rank (named viruses/virus strains/isolates)</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Below species rank (named viruses/virus strains/isolates)"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Many individually named <i>viruses</i> (sometimes referred to as "virus strains") exist at below the rank of virus <i>species</i>. The ICVCN gives the examples of blackeye cowpea mosaic virus and peanut stripe virus, which are both classified in the species <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bean_common_mosaic_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Bean common mosaic virus (page does not exist)">Bean common mosaic virus</a></i>, the latter a member of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Potyvirus" title="Potyvirus">Potyvirus</a></i> that will in due course receive a binomial name as <i>Potyvirus [species...]</i>. As another example, the virus <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-1" title="SARS-CoV-1">SARS-CoV-1</a>, that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome (<a href="/wiki/SARS" title="SARS">SARS</a>) is different from the virus <a href="/wiki/SARS-CoV-2" title="SARS-CoV-2">SARS-CoV-2</a>, the cause of the <a href="/wiki/COVID-19" title="COVID-19">COVID-19</a> pandemic, but both are classified within the same virus species, a member of the genus <i><a href="/wiki/Betacoronavirus" title="Betacoronavirus">Betacoronavirus</a></i> that is currently known as <i><a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">Severe acute respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus</a></i> which, per the 2021 mandate from the ICTV, will also receive a binomial name in due course. As set out in the ICVCN, section 3.4, the names [and definitions] of taxa below the rank of species are not governed by the ICTV; "Naming of such entities is not the responsibility of the ICTV but of international specialty groups. It is the responsibility of ICTV Study Groups to consider how these entities may best be classified into species."<sup id="cite_ref-ictvcode_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ictvcode-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Using the example given above, the virus causing the COVID-19 pandemic was given the designation "SARS-CoV-2" by the <i>Coronaviridae</i> Study Group (CSG) of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses in 2020; in the same publication, this Study Group recommended a naming convention for particular isolates of this virus "resembl[ing] the formats used for isolates of avian coronaviruses, filoviruses and influenza virus" in the format virus/host/location/isolate/date, with a cited example as "SARS-CoV-2/human/Wuhan/X1/2019".<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="ICTV_classification">ICTV classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: ICTV classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp/310px-Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp.png" decoding="async" width="310" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp/465px-Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp/620px-Comparison_1991_and_2019_virus_taxonomy_ICTV.webp.png 2x" data-file-width="1437" data-file-height="627" /></a><figcaption>Comparison 1991 and 2018b virus taxonomy by ICTV</figcaption></figure> <p>The <a href="/wiki/International_Committee_on_Taxonomy_of_Viruses" title="International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses">International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses</a> began to devise and implement rules for the naming and classification of viruses early in the 1970s, an effort that continues to the present. The ICTV is the only body charged by the <a href="/wiki/International_Union_of_Microbiological_Societies" title="International Union of Microbiological Societies">International Union of Microbiological Societies</a> with the task of developing, refining, and maintaining a universal virus taxonomy, following the methods set out in the International Code of Virus Classification and Nomenclature.<sup id="cite_ref-ictvcode_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ictvcode-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The system shares many features with the classification system of cellular <a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">organisms</a>, such as <a href="/wiki/Taxon" title="Taxon">taxon</a> structure. However, some differences exist, such as the universal use of italics for all taxonomic names, unlike in the <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Nomenclature_for_algae,_fungi,_and_plants" title="International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants">International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants</a> and <a href="/wiki/International_Code_of_Zoological_Nomenclature" title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature">International Code of Zoological Nomenclature</a>. </p><p>Viral classification starts at the level of realm and continues as follows, with the taxonomic suffixes in parentheses:<sup id="cite_ref-ictvcode_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ictvcode-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">Realm</a> (<i>-viria</i>) <dl><dd>Subrealm (<i>-vira</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_(biology)#Viruses" title="Kingdom (biology)">Kingdom</a> (<i>-virae</i>) <dl><dd>Subkingdom (<i>-virites</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phylum</a> (<i>-viricota</i>) <dl><dd>Subphylum (<i>-viricotina</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Class_(biology)" title="Class (biology)">Class</a> (<i>-viricetes</i>) <dl><dd>Subclass (<i>-viricetidae</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Order_(biology)" title="Order (biology)">Order</a> (<i>-virales</i>) <dl><dd>Suborder (<i>-virineae</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Family_(biology)" title="Family (biology)">Family</a> (<i>-viridae</i>) <dl><dd>Subfamily (<i>-virinae</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Genus" title="Genus">Genus</a> (<i>-virus</i>) <dl><dd>Subgenus (<i>-virus</i>) <dl><dd><a href="/wiki/Species" title="Species">Species</a></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl></dd></dl> <p>In parallel to the system of <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial nomenclature</a> adopted in cellular species, the ICTV has recently (2021) mandated that new virus species be named using a binomial format (<i>Genus species</i>, e.g. <i><a href="/wiki/SARS-related_coronavirus" title="SARS-related coronavirus">Betacoronavirus pandemicum</a></i>), and that pre-existing virus species names be progressively replaced with new names in the binomial format.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> A mid-2023 review of the status of this changeover stated: "...a large number of proposals [concerning virus nomenclature, submitted to the ICTV Executive Committee (EC) for its consideration] renamed existing species for compliance with the recently mandated binomial nomenclature format. As a result, 8,982 out of the current 11,273 species (80%) now have binomial names. The process will be concluded in 2023, with the remaining 2,291 species being renamed."<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As of 2021, all levels of taxa except subrealm, subkingdom, and subclass are used. Six realms, one <i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i> class, 22 <i>incertae sedis</i> families, and two <i>incertae sedis</i> genera are recognized:<sup id="cite_ref-Virus_Taxonomy_2021_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Virus_Taxonomy_2021-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><b>Realms</b>: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adnaviria" title="Adnaviria">Adnaviria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duplodnaviria" title="Duplodnaviria">Duplodnaviria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ribozyviria" title="Ribozyviria">Ribozyviria</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a></i></li></ul> <p><b><i>Incertae sedis</i> classes</b>: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Naldaviricetes" title="Naldaviricetes">Naldaviricetes</a></i></li></ul> <p><b><i>Incertae sedis</i> families</b>: </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 18em;"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphasatellitidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphasatellitidae">Alphasatellitidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ampullaviridae" title="Ampullaviridae">Ampullaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anelloviridae" title="Anelloviridae">Anelloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avsunviroidae" title="Avsunviroidae">Avsunviroidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bartogtaviriformidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartogtaviriformidae">Bartogtaviriformidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicaudaviridae" title="Bicaudaviridae">Bicaudaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachygtaviriformidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachygtaviriformidae (page does not exist)">Brachygtaviriformidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clavaviridae" title="Clavaviridae">Clavaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuselloviridae" title="Fuselloviridae">Fuselloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globuloviridae" title="Globuloviridae">Globuloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttaviridae" title="Guttaviridae">Guttaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halspiviridae" title="Halspiviridae">Halspiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Itzamnaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Itzamnaviridae (page does not exist)">Itzamnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ovaliviridae" title="Ovaliviridae">Ovaliviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plasmaviridae" title="Plasmaviridae">Plasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polydnaviriformidae" title="Polydnaviriformidae">Polydnaviriformidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portogloboviridae" title="Portogloboviridae">Portogloboviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pospiviroidae" title="Pospiviroidae">Pospiviroidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodogtaviriformidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodogtaviriformidae (page does not exist)">Rhodogtaviriformidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiraviridae" title="Spiraviridae">Spiraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaspiviridae" title="Thaspiviridae">Thaspiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tolecusatellitidae" title="Tolecusatellitidae">Tolecusatellitidae</a></i></li></ul> </div> <p><b><i>Incertae sedis</i> genera</b>: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Dinodnavirus" title="Dinodnavirus">Dinodnavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhizidiovirus" title="Rhizidiovirus">Rhizidiovirus</a></i></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Structure-based_virus_classification">Structure-based virus classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Structure-based virus classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_higher_virus_taxa" title="List of higher virus taxa">List of higher virus taxa</a></div> <p>It has been suggested that similarity in virion assembly and structure observed for certain viral groups infecting hosts from different domains of life (e.g., bacterial tectiviruses and eukaryotic adenoviruses or prokaryotic Caudovirales and eukaryotic herpesviruses) reflects an evolutionary relationship between these viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Therefore, structural relationship between viruses has been suggested to be used as a basis for defining higher-level taxa – structure-based viral lineages – that could complement the ICTV classification scheme of 2010.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The ICTV has gradually added many higher-level taxa using relationships in protein folds. All four realms defined in the 2019 release are defined by the presence of a protein of a certain structural family.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Baltimore_classification">Baltimore classification</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Baltimore classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Baltimore_classification" title="Baltimore classification">Baltimore classification</a></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Baltimore_Classification.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Baltimore_Classification.svg/300px-Baltimore_Classification.svg.png" decoding="async" width="300" height="250" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Baltimore_Classification.svg/450px-Baltimore_Classification.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Baltimore_Classification.svg/600px-Baltimore_Classification.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="692" /></a><figcaption>The Baltimore Classification of viruses is based on the method of viral <a href="/wiki/MRNA" class="mw-redirect" title="MRNA">mRNA</a> synthesis</figcaption></figure> <p>Baltimore classification (first defined in 1971) is a classification system that places viruses into one of seven groups depending on a combination of their <a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid" title="Nucleic acid">nucleic acid</a> (<a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> or <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a>), strandedness (single-stranded or double-stranded), <a href="/wiki/Sense_(molecular_biology)" title="Sense (molecular biology)">sense</a>, and method of <a href="/wiki/Viral_replication" title="Viral replication">replication</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Named after <a href="/wiki/David_Baltimore" title="David Baltimore">David Baltimore</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Nobel_Prize" title="Nobel Prize">Nobel Prize</a>-winning biologist, these groups are designated by <a href="/wiki/Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman numerals</a>. Other classifications are determined by the disease caused by the virus or its morphology, neither of which are satisfactory due to different viruses either causing the same disease or looking very similar. In addition, viral structures are often difficult to determine under the microscope. Classifying viruses according to their <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a> means that those in a given category will all behave in a similar fashion, offering some indication of how to proceed with further research. Viruses can be placed in one of the seven following groups:<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>I: <a href="/wiki/DsDNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA virus">dsDNA viruses</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Adenovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Adenovirus">Adenoviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Herpesvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Herpesvirus">Herpesviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poxvirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Poxvirus">Poxviruses</a>)</li> <li>II: <a href="/wiki/SsDNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsDNA virus">ssDNA viruses</a> (+ strand or "sense") DNA (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Parvovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Parvovirus">Parvoviruses</a>)</li> <li>III: <a href="/wiki/DsRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsRNA virus">dsRNA viruses</a> (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Reovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Reovirus">Reoviruses</a>)</li> <li>IV:<a href="/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive-sense ssRNA virus">(+)ssRNA viruses</a> (+ strand or sense) RNA (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Coronavirus" title="Coronavirus">Coronaviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picornavirus" title="Picornavirus">Picornaviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Togavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Togavirus">Togaviruses</a>)</li> <li>V: <a href="/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative-sense ssRNA virus">(−)ssRNA viruses</a> (− strand or antisense) RNA (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Orthomyxovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthomyxovirus">Orthomyxoviruses</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhabdovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Rhabdovirus">Rhabdoviruses</a>)</li> <li>VI: <a href="/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsRNA-RT virus">ssRNA-RT viruses</a> (+ strand or sense) RNA with DNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">Retroviruses</a>)</li> <li>VII: <a href="/wiki/DsDNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA-RT virus">dsDNA-RT viruses</a> DNA with RNA intermediate in life-cycle (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Hepadnavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepadnavirus">Hepadnaviruses</a>)</li></ul> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_Baltimore_Classification.gif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Baltimore_Classification.gif/800px-The_Baltimore_Classification.gif" decoding="async" width="800" height="217" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Baltimore_Classification.gif/1200px-The_Baltimore_Classification.gif 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7c/The_Baltimore_Classification.gif/1600px-The_Baltimore_Classification.gif 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="543" /></a><figcaption>Visualization of the 7 groups of virus according to the Baltimore Classification</figcaption></figure> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="DNA_viruses">DNA viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: DNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/DNA_virus" title="DNA virus">DNA virus</a></div> <p>Viruses with a DNA <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>, except for the DNA <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Reverse_transcribing_viruses">reverse transcribing viruses</a>, are members of three of the four recognized <a href="/wiki/Realm_(virology)" title="Realm (virology)">viral realms</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Duplodnaviria" title="Duplodnaviria">Duplodnaviria</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i>, and <i><a href="/wiki/Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a></i>. But the <i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">incertae sedis</a></i> order <i><a href="/wiki/Ligamenvirales" title="Ligamenvirales">Ligamenvirales</a></i>, and many other <i>incertae sedis</i> families and genera, are also used to classify DNA viruses. The domains <i>Duplodnaviria</i> and <i>Varidnaviria</i> consist of double-stranded DNA viruses; other double-stranded DNA viruses are <i>incertae sedis</i>. The domain <i>Monodnaviria</i> consists of single-stranded DNA viruses that generally encode a <a href="/wiki/HUH-tag" title="HUH-tag">HUH</a> <a href="/wiki/Endonuclease" title="Endonuclease">endonuclease</a>; other single-stranded DNA viruses are <i>incertae sedis</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-Virus_Taxonomy_2019_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Virus_Taxonomy_2019-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Group I</b>: viruses possess double-stranded DNA. Viruses that cause <a href="/wiki/Chickenpox" title="Chickenpox">chickenpox</a> and <a href="/wiki/Herpes" title="Herpes">herpes</a> are found here.</li> <li><b>Group II</b>: viruses possess single-stranded DNA.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of DNA viruses </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Virus family </th> <th>Examples (common names) </th> <th>Virion<br /> naked/enveloped </th> <th>Capsid<br />symmetry </th> <th>Nucleic acid type </th> <th>Group </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. <i><a href="/wiki/Adenoviridae" title="Adenoviridae">Adenoviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Canine_hepatitis_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Canine hepatitis virus">Canine hepatitis virus</a>, Some types of the <a href="/wiki/Common_cold" title="Common cold">common cold</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ds </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. <i><a href="/wiki/Papovaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Papovaviridae">Papovaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/JC_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="JC virus">JC virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_papillomavirus_infection" title="Human papillomavirus infection">HPV</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ds circular </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. <i><a href="/wiki/Parvoviridae" title="Parvoviridae">Parvoviridae</a></i> </td> <td>Human <a href="/wiki/Parvovirus_B19" title="Parvovirus B19">parvovirus B19</a>, <a href="/wiki/Canine_parvovirus" title="Canine parvovirus">canine parvovirus</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>II </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. <i><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Herpes_simplex_virus" title="Herpes simplex virus">Herpes simplex virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Varicella-zoster_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Varicella-zoster virus">varicella-zoster virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cytomegalovirus" title="Cytomegalovirus">cytomegalovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Epstein%E2%80%93Barr_virus" title="Epstein–Barr virus">Epstein–Barr virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ds </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. <i><a href="/wiki/Poxviridae" title="Poxviridae">Poxviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Smallpox_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Smallpox virus">Smallpox virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cowpox" title="Cowpox">cowpox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Myxoma_virus" title="Myxoma virus">myxoma virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monkeypox" class="mw-redirect" title="Monkeypox">monkeypox</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vaccinia_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Vaccinia virus">vaccinia virus</a> </td> <td>Complex coats </td> <td>Complex </td> <td>ds </td> <td>I </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. <i><a href="/wiki/Anelloviridae" title="Anelloviridae">Anelloviridae</a></i> </td> <td>Torque teno virus </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss circular </td> <td>II </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">7. <i><a href="/wiki/Pleolipoviridae" title="Pleolipoviridae">Pleolipoviridae</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Haloarcula_hispanica_pleomorphic_virus_1" title="Haloarcula hispanica pleomorphic virus 1">HHPV1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Halorubrum_pleomorphic_virus_1" title="Halorubrum pleomorphic virus 1">HRPV1</a> </td> <td>Enveloped </td> <td> </td> <td>ss/ds linear/circular </td> <td>I/II </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="RNA_viruses">RNA viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: RNA viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/RNA_virus" title="RNA virus">RNA virus</a></div> <p>All viruses that have an <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> <a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">genome</a>, and that encode an <a href="/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase" title="RNA-dependent RNA polymerase">RNA-dependent RNA polymerase</a> (RdRp), are members of the kingdom <i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i>, within the realm <i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-ictv_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ictv-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Group III</b>: viruses possess double-stranded RNA genomes, e.g. <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">rotavirus</a>.</li> <li><b>Group IV</b>: viruses possess positive-sense single-stranded RNA genomes. Many well known viruses are found in this group, including the <a href="/wiki/Picornaviruses" class="mw-redirect" title="Picornaviruses">picornaviruses</a> (which is a family of viruses that includes well-known viruses like Hepatitis A virus, enteroviruses, rhinoviruses, poliovirus, and foot-and-mouth virus), <a href="/wiki/Severe_Acute_Respiratory_Syndrome" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome">SARS</a> virus, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a> virus, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> virus, and <a href="/wiki/Rubella" title="Rubella">rubella</a> virus.</li> <li><b>Group V</b>: viruses possess negative-sense single-stranded RNA genomes. <a href="/wiki/Ebola" title="Ebola">Ebola</a> and <a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg viruses</a> are well known members of this group, along with <a href="/wiki/Influenza_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenza virus">influenza virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Measles" title="Measles">measles</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumps" title="Mumps">mumps</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rabies" title="Rabies">rabies</a>.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of RNA viruses </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Virus Family </th> <th>Examples (common names) </th> <th>Capsid<br /> naked/enveloped </th> <th>Capsid<br /> Symmetry </th> <th>Nucleic acid type </th> <th>Group </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. <i><a href="/wiki/Reoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Reoviridae">Reoviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Reovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Reovirus">Reovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rotavirus" title="Rotavirus">rotavirus</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ds </td> <td>III </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. <i><a href="/wiki/Picornaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Picornaviridae">Picornaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Enterovirus" title="Enterovirus">Enterovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rhinovirus" title="Rhinovirus">rhinovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatovirus" title="Hepatovirus">hepatovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cardiovirus" title="Cardiovirus">cardiovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Aphthovirus" title="Aphthovirus">aphthovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Poliovirus" title="Poliovirus">poliovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Parechovirus" title="Parechovirus">parechovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Erbovirus" title="Erbovirus">erbovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Kobuvirus" title="Kobuvirus">kobuvirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Teschovirus" title="Teschovirus">teschovirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Coxsackievirus" title="Coxsackievirus">coxsackie</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>3. <i><a href="/wiki/Caliciviridae" title="Caliciviridae">Caliciviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Norovirus" title="Norovirus">Norwalk virus</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>4. <i><a href="/wiki/Togaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Togaviridae">Togaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Eastern_equine_encephalitis" title="Eastern equine encephalitis">Eastern equine encephalitis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chikungunya" title="Chikungunya">Chikungunya</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>5. <i><a href="/wiki/Arenaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenaviridae">Arenaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Lymphocytic_choriomeningitis_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus">Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lassa_fever" title="Lassa fever">Lassa fever</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Complex </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>6. <i><a href="/wiki/Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Dengue_virus" title="Dengue virus">Dengue virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_C" title="Hepatitis C">hepatitis C</a> virus, <a href="/wiki/Yellow_fever" title="Yellow fever">yellow fever</a> virus, <a href="/wiki/Zika_virus" title="Zika virus">Zika virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">7. <i><a href="/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae" title="Orthomyxoviridae">Orthomyxoviridae</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Influenzavirus_A" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenzavirus A">Influenzavirus A</a>, <a href="/wiki/Influenzavirus_B" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenzavirus B">influenzavirus B</a>, <a href="/wiki/Influenzavirus_C" class="mw-redirect" title="Influenzavirus C">influenzavirus C</a>, <a href="/wiki/Isavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Isavirus">isavirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Thogotovirus" title="Thogotovirus">thogotovirus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>8. <i><a href="/wiki/Paramyxoviridae" title="Paramyxoviridae">Paramyxoviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Measles_virus" title="Measles virus">Measles virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mumps_virus" title="Mumps virus">mumps virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Respiratory_syncytial_virus" title="Respiratory syncytial virus">respiratory syncytial virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Rinderpest" title="Rinderpest">Rinderpest</a> virus, <a href="/wiki/Canine_distemper_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Canine distemper virus">canine distemper virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>9. <i><a href="/wiki/Bunyaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bunyaviridae">Bunyaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/California_encephalitis_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="California encephalitis virus">California encephalitis virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sin_nombre_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Sin nombre virus">Sin nombre virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>10. <i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Rabies_virus" title="Rabies virus">Rabies virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Vesicular_stomatitis" class="mw-redirect" title="Vesicular stomatitis">Vesicular stomatitis</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>11. <i><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ebola_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Ebola virus">Ebola virus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Marburg_virus" title="Marburg virus">Marburg virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>12. <i><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_229E" title="Human coronavirus 229E">Human coronavirus 229E</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_NL63" title="Human coronavirus NL63">Human coronavirus NL63</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_OC43" title="Human coronavirus OC43">Human coronavirus OC43</a>, <a href="/wiki/Human_coronavirus_HKU1" title="Human coronavirus HKU1">Human coronavirus HKU1</a>, <a href="/wiki/Middle_East_respiratory_syndrome-related_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus">Middle East respiratory syndrome-related coronavirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Severe_acute_respiratory_syndrome_coronavirus_2" class="mw-redirect" title="Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2">Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>13. <i><a href="/wiki/Astroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroviridae">Astroviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Astrovirus" title="Astrovirus">Astrovirus</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>14. <i><a href="/wiki/Bornaviridae" title="Bornaviridae">Bornaviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Borna_disease_virus" title="Borna disease virus">Borna disease virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Helical </td> <td>ss(−) </td> <td>V </td></tr> <tr> <td>15. <i><a href="/wiki/Arteriviridae" title="Arteriviridae">Arteriviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Arterivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Arterivirus">Arterivirus</a>, <a href="/wiki/Equine_viral_arteritis" title="Equine viral arteritis">equine arteritis virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr> <tr> <td>16. <i><a href="/wiki/Hepeviridae" title="Hepeviridae">Hepeviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_E_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hepatitis E virus">Hepatitis E virus</a> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>ss </td> <td>IV </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Reverse_transcribing_viruses">Reverse transcribing viruses</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Reverse transcribing viruses"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>All viruses that encode a <a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcriptase" title="Reverse transcriptase">reverse transcriptase</a> (also known as RT or RNA-dependent DNA polymerase) are members of the class <i><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes">Revtraviricetes</a></i>, within the phylum <i>Arterviricota</i>, kingdom <i>Pararnavirae</i>, and realm <i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i>. The class <i>Blubervirales</i> contains the single family <i><a href="/wiki/Hepadnaviridae" title="Hepadnaviridae">Hepadnaviridae</a></i> of DNA RT (reverse transcribing) viruses; all other RT viruses are members of the class <a href="/wiki/Ortervirales" title="Ortervirales">Ortervirales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Riboviria_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riboviria-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li><b>Group VI</b>: viruses possess single-stranded RNA viruses that replicate through a DNA intermediate. The <a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">retroviruses</a> are included in this group, of which <a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> is a member.</li> <li><b>Group VII</b>: viruses possess double-stranded DNA genomes and replicate using reverse transcriptase. The <a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B" title="Hepatitis B">hepatitis B</a> virus can be found in this group.</li></ul> <table class="wikitable"> <caption>Examples of reverse transcribing viruses </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Virus Family </th> <th>Examples (common names) </th> <th>Capsid<br /> naked/enveloped </th> <th>Capsid<br /> Symmetry </th> <th>Nucleic acid type </th> <th>Group </th></tr> <tr> <td>1. <i><a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">Retroviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/HIV" title="HIV">HIV</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td> </td> <td>dimer RNA </td> <td>VI </td></tr> <tr> <td>2. <i><a href="/wiki/Caulimoviridae" title="Caulimoviridae">Caulimoviridae</a></i> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Caulimovirus" title="Caulimovirus">Caulimovirus</a>, <span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cacao_swollen-shoot_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Cacao swollen-shoot virus">Cacao swollen-shoot virus</a> (CSSV)</span> </td> <td>Naked </td> <td> </td> <td> </td> <td>VII </td></tr> <tr> <td><span class="nowrap">3. <i><a href="/wiki/Hepadnaviridae" title="Hepadnaviridae">Hepadnaviridae</a></i></span> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Hepatitis_B_virus" title="Hepatitis B virus">Hepatitis B virus</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Enveloped</a> </td> <td>Icosahedral </td> <td>circular, partially ds </td> <td>VII </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Historical_systems">Historical systems</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Historical systems"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Holmes_classification">Holmes classification</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Holmes classification"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/w/index.php?title=Francis_O._Holmes&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Francis O. Holmes (page does not exist)">Holmes</a> (1948) used a <a href="/wiki/Linnaean_taxonomy" title="Linnaean taxonomy">Linnaean taxonomy</a> with <a href="/wiki/Binomial_nomenclature" title="Binomial nomenclature">binomial nomenclature</a> to classify viruses into 3 groups under one order, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Virales&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Virales (page does not exist)">Virales</a>. They are placed as follows: </p> <ul><li><b>Group I:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Bacteriophage" title="Bacteriophage">Phaginae</a></i> (attacks bacteria)</li> <li><b>Group II:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Plant_virus" title="Plant virus">Phytophaginae</a> </i>(attacks plants)</li> <li><b>Group III:</b> <i><a href="/wiki/Animal_virus" title="Animal virus">Zoophaginae</a></i> (attacks animals)</li></ul> <p>The system was not accepted by others due to its neglect of morphological similarities.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Subviral_agents">Subviral agents</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Subviral agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Infectious_agent" class="mw-redirect" title="Infectious agent">Infectious agents</a> are smaller than viruses and have only some of their properties.<sup id="cite_ref-subviral_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-subviral-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-STRAUSS_STRAUSS_2008_pp._345–368_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-STRAUSS_STRAUSS_2008_pp._345–368-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Since 2015, the ICTV has allowed them to be classified in a similar way as viruses are.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viroids_and_virus-dependent_agents">Viroids and virus-dependent agents</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Viroids and virus-dependent agents"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Viroids">Viroids</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Viroids"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Viroid" title="Viroid">Viroid</a></div> <ul><li>Family <i><a href="/wiki/Avsunviroidae" title="Avsunviroidae">Avsunviroidae</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Avsunviroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Avsunviroid">Avsunviroid</a></i>; <a href="/wiki/Type_species" title="Type species">type species</a>: <i><a href="/wiki/Avocado_sunblotch_viroid" title="Avocado sunblotch viroid">Avocado sunblotch viroid</a></i></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pelamoviroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Pelamoviroid">Pelamoviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/wiki/Peach_latent_mosaic_viroid" title="Peach latent mosaic viroid">Peach latent mosaic viroid</a></i></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Elaviroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Elaviroid">Elaviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eggplant_latent_viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eggplant latent viroid (page does not exist)">Eggplant latent viroid</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Family <i><a href="/wiki/Pospiviroidae" title="Pospiviroidae">Pospiviroidae</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Pospiviroid" title="Pospiviroid">Pospiviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/wiki/Potato_spindle_tuber_viroid" title="Potato spindle tuber viroid">Potato spindle tuber viroid</a></i></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Hostuviroid" title="Hostuviroid">Hostuviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/wiki/Hop_stunt_viroid" title="Hop stunt viroid">Hop stunt viroid</a></i></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Cocadviroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Cocadviroid">Cocadviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/wiki/Coconut_cadang-cadang_viroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Coconut cadang-cadang viroid">Coconut cadang-cadang viroid</a></i></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Apscaviroid" title="Apscaviroid">Apscaviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Apple_scar_skin_viroid&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Apple scar skin viroid (page does not exist)">Apple scar skin viroid</a></i></li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Coleviroid" class="mw-redirect" title="Coleviroid">Coleviroid</a></i>; type species: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Coleus_blumei_viroid_1&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Coleus blumei viroid 1 (page does not exist)">Coleus blumei viroid 1</a></i></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Satellites">Satellites</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Satellites"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Satellite_(biology)" title="Satellite (biology)">Satellite (biology)</a></div> <p>Satellites depend on co-infection of a host cell with a <a href="/wiki/Helper_virus" title="Helper virus">helper virus</a> for productive multiplication. Their nucleic acids have substantially distinct nucleotide sequences from either their helper virus or host. When a satellite subviral agent encodes the coat protein in which it is encapsulated, it is then called a satellite virus. </p><p>Satellite-like nucleic acids resemble satellite nucleic acids, in that they replicate with the aid of helper viruses. However they differ in that they can encode functions that can contribute to the success of their helper viruses; while they are sometimes considered to be genomic elements of their helper viruses, they are not always found within their helper viruses.<sup id="cite_ref-subviral_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-subviral-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <ul><li>Satellite viruses<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <ul><li>Single-stranded <a href="/wiki/RNA" title="RNA">RNA</a> satellite viruses <ul><li>(unnamed family) <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aumaivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Aumaivirus">Aumaivirus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Maize_white_line_mosaic_satellite_virus" title="Maize white line mosaic satellite virus">Maize white line mosaic satellite virus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Papanivirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Papanivirus">Papanivirus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Panicum_mosaic_satellite_virus" title="Panicum mosaic satellite virus">Panicum mosaic satellite virus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virtovirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Virtovirus">Virtovirus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_mosaic_satellite_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco mosaic satellite virus">Tobacco mosaic satellite virus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Albetovirus" title="Albetovirus">Albetovirus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Tobacco_necrosis_satellite_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Tobacco necrosis satellite virus">Tobacco necrosis satellite virus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Family <i><a href="/wiki/Sarthroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarthroviridae">Sarthroviridae</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Macronovirus" title="Macronovirus">Macronovirus</a></i> – <i><a href="/wiki/Macrobrachium_satellite_virus_1" class="mw-redirect" title="Macrobrachium satellite virus 1">Macrobrachium satellite virus 1</a></i> (extra small virus)</li></ul></li> <li>(unnamed genus) – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nilaparvata_lugens_commensal_X_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nilaparvata lugens commensal X virus (page does not exist)">Nilaparvata lugens commensal X virus</a></i></li> <li>(unnamed genus) – <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chronic_bee-paralysis_satellite_virus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chronic bee-paralysis satellite virus (page does not exist)">Chronic bee-paralysis satellite virus</a></i></li></ul></li> <li>Double-stranded <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> satellite viruses <ul><li>Family <i><a href="/wiki/Lavidaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavidaviridae">Lavidaviridae</a></i> – Virophages</li></ul></li> <li>Single-stranded <a href="/wiki/DNA" title="DNA">DNA</a> satellite viruses <ul><li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Dependoparvovirus" title="Dependoparvovirus">Dependoparvovirus</a></i> – <a href="/wiki/Adeno-associated_virus" title="Adeno-associated virus">Adeno-associated virus</a> group</li></ul></li></ul></li> <li>Satellite nucleic acids <ul><li>Single-stranded satellite DNAs <ul><li>Family <a href="/wiki/Alphasatellitidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Alphasatellitidae">Alphasatellitidae</a> (encoding a replication initiator protein)</li> <li>Family <a href="/wiki/Tolecusatellitidae" title="Tolecusatellitidae">Tolecusatellitidae</a> (encoding a pathogenicity determinant βC1)</li></ul></li> <li>Double-stranded satellite RNAs</li> <li>Single-stranded satellite RNAs <ul><li>Subgroup 1: Large satellite RNAs</li> <li>Subgroup 2: Small linear satellite RNAs</li> <li>Subgroup 3: Circular satellite RNAs (<a href="/wiki/Virusoid" title="Virusoid">virusoids</a>)</li> <li>Genus <i><a href="/wiki/Deltavirus" class="mw-redirect" title="Deltavirus">Deltavirus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polerovirus" title="Polerovirus">Polerovirus</a>-associated RNAs</li></ul></li> <li>Satellite-like RNA</li> <li>Satellite-like DNA</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Defective_interfering_particles">Defective interfering particles</h4><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Defective interfering particles"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Defective_interfering_particle" title="Defective interfering particle">Defective interfering particle</a></div> <p>Defective interfering particles are defective viruses that have lost their ability to replicate except in the presence of a helper virus, which is normally the parental virus. They can also interfere with the helper virus. </p> <ul><li>Defective interfering particles (RNA)</li> <li>Defective interfering particles (DNA)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Viriforms">Viriforms</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Viriforms"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Viriforms are a polyphyletic category of <a href="/wiki/Endogenous_viral_element" title="Endogenous viral element">endogenous viral elements</a>. Sometime in their evolution, they became "domesticated" by their host as a key part of the host's lifecycle. The prototypical example is members of the (also polyphyletic) <i><a href="/wiki/Polydnaviriformidae" title="Polydnaviriformidae">Polydnaviriformidae</a></i>, which are used by wasps to send pieces of immunity-blunting DNA into the prey by packing them into <a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">virion-like particles</a>. Other members are so-called <a href="/wiki/Gene_transfer_agent" title="Gene transfer agent">gene transfer agents</a> (GTAs) found among prokaryotes. GTA particles resemble <a href="/wiki/Caudoviricetes" title="Caudoviricetes">tailed phages</a>, but are smaller and carry mostly random pieces of host DNA. GTAs are produced by the host in times of stress; releasing GTAs kills the host cell, but allows pieces of its genetic material to live on in other bacteria, usually of the same species.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The three known clades of GTAs, <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rhodogtaviriformidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rhodogtaviriformidae (page does not exist)">Rhodogtaviriformidae</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Bartogtaviriformidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bartogtaviriformidae">Bartogtaviriformidae</a></i>, and <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Brachygtaviriformidae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Brachygtaviriformidae (page does not exist)">Brachygtaviriformidae</a></i>, all arose independently from different parts of the <i><a href="/wiki/Caudoviricetes" title="Caudoviricetes">Caudoviricetes</a></i> family tree.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output 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id="cite_note-Virus_Taxonomy_2022-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Virus_Taxonomy_2022_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output 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.cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ictv.global/taxonomy">"Virus Taxonomy: 2022 v3 Release"</a>. <i>ictv.global</i>. 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class="external text" href="https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36830658">36830658</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Biomolecules&rft.atitle=Viriforms-A+New+Category+of+Classifiable+Virus-Derived+Genetic+Elements.&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=289&rft.date=2023-02-03&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9953437%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36830658&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.3390%2Fbiom13020289&rft.aulast=Kuhn&rft.aufirst=JH&rft.au=Koonin%2C+EV&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9953437&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirus+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-26">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKogayKoppenhöferBeattyKuhn2022" 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title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Virus+Evolution&rft.atitle=Formal+recognition+and+classification+of+gene+transfer+agents+as+viriforms.&rft.volume=8&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=veac100&rft.date=2022&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9662315%23id-name%3DPMC&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F36381234&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fve%2Fveac100&rft.aulast=Kogay&rft.aufirst=R&rft.au=Koppenh%C3%B6fer%2C+S&rft.au=Beatty%2C+JT&rft.au=Kuhn%2C+JH&rft.au=Lang%2C+AS&rft.au=Zhaxybayeva%2C+O&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov%2Fpmc%2Farticles%2FPMC9662315&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AVirus+classification" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Virus_classification&action=edit&section=21" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/34px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/51px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Wikispecies-logo.svg/68px-Wikispecies-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="941" data-file-height="1103" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikispecies" title="Wikispecies">Wikispecies</a> has information related to <i><b><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Virus" class="extiw" title="wikispecies:Virus">Virus</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ictvonline.org/">ICTV web site</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170203052212/http://www.ictvonline.org/">Archived</a> 2017-02-03 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20120530101720/http://talk.ictvonline.org/files/ictv_documents/m/msl/1231.aspx">ICTV International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses Master Species List 2009 Version 10 (This is version was published on August 24, 2011)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.virology.net/Big_Virology/BVFamilyGroup.html">The Baltimore Method</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.viprbrc.org/brc/home.do?decorator=vipr">Virus Pathogen Database and Analysis Resource (ViPR)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tQNuThIjGqg">How are Viruses Classified?</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Virus_topics" title="Template:Virus topics"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Virus_topics" title="Template talk:Virus topics"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Virus_topics" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Virus topics"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Microbiology:_Virus661" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Microbiology" title="Microbiology">Microbiology</a>: <a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/History_of_virology" title="History of virology">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Introduction_to_viruses" title="Introduction to viruses">Introduction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Social_history_of_viruses" title="Social history of viruses">Social history of viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virology" title="Virology">Virology</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Components</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Capsid" title="Capsid">Capsid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_envelope" title="Viral envelope">Viral envelope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_protein" title="Viral protein">Viral protein</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="5" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg/100px-Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg" decoding="async" width="100" height="88" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg/150px-Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg/200px-Rotavirus_Reconstruction.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1986" data-file-height="1739" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Viral_life_cycle" title="Viral life cycle">Viral life cycle</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_entry" title="Viral entry">Viral entry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_replication" title="Viral replication">Viral replication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_shedding" title="Viral shedding">Viral shedding</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viroplasm" title="Viroplasm">Viroplasm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus_latency" title="Virus latency">Virus latency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lytic_cycle" title="Lytic cycle">Lytic cycle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lysogenic_cycle" title="Lysogenic cycle">Lysogenic cycle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Genetics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antigenic_drift" title="Antigenic drift">Antigenic drift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antigenic_shift" title="Antigenic shift">Antigenic shift</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phenotype_mixing" title="Phenotype mixing">Phenotype mixing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reassortment" title="Reassortment">Reassortment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_evolution" title="Viral evolution">Viral evolution</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By host</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal_virus" title="Animal virus">Animal virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bacteriophage" title="Bacteriophage">Bacteriophage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virophage" title="Virophage">Virophage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_virome" title="Human virome">Human virome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mycovirus" title="Mycovirus">Mycovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant_virus" title="Plant virus">Plant virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiviral_drug" title="Antiviral drug">Antiviral drug</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giant_virus" title="Giant virus">Giant virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helper_virus" title="Helper virus">Helper virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector" title="Viral vector">Viral vector</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Helper_dependent_virus" title="Helper dependent virus">Helper dependent virus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laboratory_diagnosis_of_viral_infections" title="Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections">Laboratory diagnosis of viral infections</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marine_viruses" title="Marine viruses">Marine viruses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neurotropic_virus" title="Neurotropic virus">Neurotropic virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oncovirus" title="Oncovirus">Oncovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Satellite_(biology)" title="Satellite (biology)">Satellites</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_disease" title="Viral disease">Viral disease</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Viral_load" title="Viral load">Viral load</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus-like_particle" title="Virus-like particle">Virus-like particle</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Virus classification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virus_quantification" title="Virus quantification">Virus quantification</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virome" title="Virome">Virome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virosphere" title="Virosphere">Virosphere</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portal:Viruses" title="Portal:Viruses">Portal</a></b></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span 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class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Taleaviricota21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Taleaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Taleaviricota">Taleaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tokiviricetes21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tokiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tokiviricetes">Tokiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ligamenvirales" title="Ligamenvirales">Ligamenvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lipothrixviridae" title="Lipothrixviridae">Lipothrixviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rudiviridae" title="Rudiviridae">Rudiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Primavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Primavirales">Primavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tristromaviridae" title="Tristromaviridae">Tristromaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duplodnaviria" title="Duplodnaviria">Duplodnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Heunggongvirae22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Heunggongvirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Heunggongvirae">Heunggongvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Peploviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Peploviricota">Peploviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herviviricetes22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herviviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Herviviricetes">Herviviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Herpesvirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Herpesvirales" title="Herpesvirales">Herpesvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alloherpesviridae" title="Alloherpesviridae">Alloherpesviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herpesviridae" title="Herpesviridae">Herpesviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Malacoherpesviridae" title="Malacoherpesviridae">Malacoherpesviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Uroviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Uroviricota">Uroviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caudoviricetes22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caudoviricetes" title="Caudoviricetes">Caudoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Caudovirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Caudovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Caudovirales">Caudovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ackermannviridae" title="Ackermannviridae">Ackermannviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Autographiviridae" title="Autographiviridae">Autographiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Chaseviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Chaseviridae (page does not exist)">Chaseviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Demerecviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Demerecviridae (page does not exist)">Demerecviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Drexlerviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Drexlerviridae (page does not exist)">Drexlerviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Guelinviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Guelinviridae (page does not exist)">Guelinviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Herelleviridae" title="Herelleviridae">Herelleviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Myoviridae" title="Myoviridae">Myoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Podoviridae" title="Podoviridae">Podoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Rountreeviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Rountreeviridae (page does not exist)">Rountreeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Salasmaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Salasmaviridae (page does not exist)">Salasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Schitoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Schitoviridae (page does not exist)">Schitoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Siphoviridae" title="Siphoviridae">Siphoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zobellviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Zobellviridae (page does not exist)">Zobellviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Shotokuvirae20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shotokuvirae" title="Shotokuvirae">Shotokuvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cossaviricota21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cossaviricota" title="Cossaviricota">Cossaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Papovaviricetes23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Papovaviricetes" title="Papovaviricetes">Papovaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sepolyvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Sepolyvirales">Sepolyvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Polyomaviridae" title="Polyomaviridae">Polyomaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Zurhausenvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Zurhausenvirales">Zurhausenvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Papillomaviridae" title="Papillomaviridae">Papillomaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Varidnaviria" title="Varidnaviria">Varidnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bamfordvirae" title="Bamfordvirae">Bamfordvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nucleocytoviricota" title="Nucleocytoviricota">Nucleocytoviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pokkesviricetes" title="Pokkesviricetes">Pokkesviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Asfuvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Asfuvirales">Asfuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Asfarviridae" title="Asfarviridae">Asfarviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chitovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Chitovirales">Chitovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Poxviridae" title="Poxviridae">Poxviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Megaviricetes" title="Megaviricetes">Megaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Algavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Algavirales">Algavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Phycodnaviridae" title="Phycodnaviridae">Phycodnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Imitervirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Imitervirales">Imitervirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mimiviridae" title="Mimiviridae">Mimiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pimascovirales" title="Pimascovirales">Pimascovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ascoviridae" title="Ascoviridae">Ascoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iridoviridae" title="Iridoviridae">Iridoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marseilleviridae" title="Marseilleviridae">Marseilleviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Preplasmiviricota" title="Preplasmiviricota">Preplasmiviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Maveriviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Maveriviricetes">Maveriviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Priklausovirales24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Priklausovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Priklausovirales">Priklausovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Lavidaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Lavidaviridae">Lavidaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Polintoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Polintoviricetes">Polintoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthopolintovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthopolintovirales">Orthopolintovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adintoviridae" title="Adintoviridae">Adintoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tectiliviricetes" title="Tectiliviricetes">Tectiliviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Belfryvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Belfryvirales">Belfryvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Turriviridae" title="Turriviridae">Turriviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kalamavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalamavirales">Kalamavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Tectiviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tectiviridae">Tectiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Rowavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Rowavirales">Rowavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Adenoviridae" title="Adenoviridae">Adenoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Vinavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Vinavirales">Vinavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Corticoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Corticoviridae">Corticoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Helvetiavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Helvetiavirae">Helvetiavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dividoviricota22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Dividoviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Dividoviricota">Dividoviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Laserviricetes22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Laserviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Laserviricetes">Laserviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Halopanivirales23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Halopanivirales" title="Halopanivirales">Halopanivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Matshushitaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Matshushitaviridae">Matshushitaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Simuloviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Simuloviridae">Simuloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sphaerolipoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sphaerolipoviridae">Sphaerolipoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Naldaviricetes" title="Naldaviricetes">Naldaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lefavirales" title="Lefavirales">Lefavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Baculoviridae" title="Baculoviridae">Baculoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hytrosaviridae" title="Hytrosaviridae">Hytrosaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nudiviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nudiviridae">Nudiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nimaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Nimaviridae">Nimaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Ampullaviridae" title="Ampullaviridae">Ampullaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bicaudaviridae" title="Bicaudaviridae">Bicaudaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Clavaviridae" title="Clavaviridae">Clavaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fuselloviridae" title="Fuselloviridae">Fuselloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Globuloviridae" title="Globuloviridae">Globuloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Guttaviridae" title="Guttaviridae">Guttaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Halspiviridae" title="Halspiviridae">Halspiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ovaliviridae" title="Ovaliviridae">Ovaliviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Plasmaviridae" title="Plasmaviridae">Plasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Polydnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Polydnaviridae">Polydnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Portogloboviridae" title="Portogloboviridae">Portogloboviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thaspiviridae" title="Thaspiviridae">Thaspiviridae</a></i></li> <li><b>Genera</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Dinodnavirus" title="Dinodnavirus">Dinodnavirus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhizidiovirus" title="Rhizidiovirus">Rhizidiovirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="II:_ssDNA_viruses41" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">II: <a href="/wiki/SsDNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsDNA virus">ssDNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monodnaviria" title="Monodnaviria">Monodnaviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Loebvirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loebvirae">Loebvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Hofneiviricota22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hofneiviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Hofneiviricota">Hofneiviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Faserviricetes22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Faserviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Faserviricetes">Faserviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tubulavirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tubulavirales" title="Tubulavirales">Tubulavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Inoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Inoviridae">Inoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Paulinoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Paulinoviridae (page does not exist)">Paulinoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Plectroviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Plectroviridae (page does not exist)">Plectroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sangervirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sangervirae">Sangervirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Phixviricota20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Phixviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Phixviricota">Phixviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Malgrandaviricetes26" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Malgrandaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Malgrandaviricetes">Malgrandaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Petitvirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Petitvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Petitvirales">Petitvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Microviridae" title="Microviridae">Microviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Shotokuvirae" title="Shotokuvirae">Shotokuvirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cossaviricota" title="Cossaviricota">Cossaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mouviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Mouviricetes">Mouviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Polivirales19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Polivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Polivirales">Polivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bidnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Bidnaviridae">Bidnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Quintoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Quintoviricetes">Quintoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Piccovirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Piccovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Piccovirales">Piccovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parvoviridae" title="Parvoviridae">Parvoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cressdnaviricota" title="Cressdnaviricota">Cressdnaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Arfiviricetes" title="Arfiviricetes">Arfiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Baphyvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Baphyvirales">Baphyvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bacilladnaviridae" title="Bacilladnaviridae">Bacilladnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cirlivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cirlivirales">Cirlivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Circoviridae" title="Circoviridae">Circoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cremevirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cremevirales">Cremevirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Smacoviridae" title="Smacoviridae">Smacoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mulpavirales" title="Mulpavirales">Mulpavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Metaxyviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Metaxyviridae (page does not exist)">Metaxyviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nanoviridae" title="Nanoviridae">Nanoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Recrevirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Recrevirales">Recrevirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Redondoviridae" title="Redondoviridae">Redondoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Repensiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Repensiviricetes">Repensiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Geplafuvirales22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Geplafuvirales" title="Geplafuvirales">Geplafuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Geminiviridae" title="Geminiviridae">Geminiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Genomoviridae" title="Genomoviridae">Genomoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Trapavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Trapavirae">Trapavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Saleviricota20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Saleviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Saleviricota">Saleviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Huolimaviricetes24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Huolimaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Huolimaviricetes">Huolimaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Haloruvirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Haloruvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Haloruvirales">Haloruvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pleolipoviridae" title="Pleolipoviridae">Pleolipoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Anelloviridae" title="Anelloviridae">Anelloviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finnlakeviridae" title="Finnlakeviridae">Finnlakeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Spiraviridae" title="Spiraviridae">Spiraviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/RNA_virus" title="RNA virus">RNA</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="III:_dsRNA_viruses153" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">III: <a href="/wiki/Double-stranded_RNA_viruses" title="Double-stranded RNA viruses">dsRNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Orthornavirae21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duplornaviricota" title="Duplornaviricota">Duplornaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chrymotiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chrymotiviricetes">Chrymotiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ghabrivirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ghabrivirales" title="Ghabrivirales">Ghabrivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Chrysoviridae" title="Chrysoviridae">Chrysoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Megabirnaviridae" title="Megabirnaviridae">Megabirnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quadriviridae" title="Quadriviridae">Quadriviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Totiviridae" title="Totiviridae">Totiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Resentoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Resentoviricetes">Resentoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Reovirales18" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Reovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Reovirales">Reovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Reoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Reoviridae">Reoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Vidaverviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Vidaverviricetes">Vidaverviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Mindivirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mindivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Mindivirales">Mindivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cystoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Cystoviridae">Cystoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota">Pisuviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Duplopiviricetes24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Duplopiviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Duplopiviricetes">Duplopiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Durnavirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Durnavirales" title="Durnavirales">Durnavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amalgaviridae" title="Amalgaviridae">Amalgaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Curvulaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Curvulaviridae (page does not exist)">Curvulaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hypoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Hypoviridae">Hypoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Picobirnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Picobirnaviridae">Picobirnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Partitiviridae" title="Partitiviridae">Partitiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Birnaviridae" title="Birnaviridae">Birnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polymycoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polymycoviridae (page does not exist)">Polymycoviridae</a></i></li> <li><b>Genera</b>: <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Botybirnavirus&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Botybirnavirus (page does not exist)">Botybirnavirus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="IV:_(+)ssRNA_viruses153" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">IV: <a href="/wiki/Positive-sense_ssRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Positive-sense ssRNA virus">(+)ssRNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Orthornavirae21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Kitrinoviricota" title="Kitrinoviricota">Kitrinoviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Alsuviricetes" title="Alsuviricetes">Alsuviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Hepelivirales" title="Hepelivirales">Hepelivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphatetraviridae" title="Alphatetraviridae">Alphatetraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Benyviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Benyviridae">Benyviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepeviridae" title="Hepeviridae">Hepeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Matonaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Matonaviridae">Matonaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Martellivirales" title="Martellivirales">Martellivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Bromoviridae" title="Bromoviridae">Bromoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Closteroviridae" title="Closteroviridae">Closteroviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Endornaviridae" title="Endornaviridae">Endornaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Kitaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Kitaviridae (page does not exist)">Kitaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mayoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mayoviridae (page does not exist)">Mayoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Togaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Togaviridae">Togaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Virgaviridae" title="Virgaviridae">Virgaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tymovirales" title="Tymovirales">Tymovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alphaflexiviridae" title="Alphaflexiviridae">Alphaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Betaflexiviridae" title="Betaflexiviridae">Betaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Deltaflexiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Deltaflexiviridae (page does not exist)">Deltaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gammaflexiviridae" title="Gammaflexiviridae">Gammaflexiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tymoviridae" title="Tymoviridae">Tymoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Flasuviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Flasuviricetes">Flasuviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Amarillovirales23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Amarillovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Amarillovirales">Amarillovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Flaviviridae" title="Flaviviridae">Flaviviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Magsaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Magsaviricetes">Magsaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Nodamuvirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nodamuvirales" title="Nodamuvirales">Nodamuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Nodaviridae" title="Nodaviridae">Nodaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Sinhaliviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Sinhaliviridae (page does not exist)">Sinhaliviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tolucaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Tolucaviricetes">Tolucaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Tolivirales19" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Tolivirales" title="Tolivirales">Tolivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Carmotetraviridae" title="Carmotetraviridae">Carmotetraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Luteoviridae" title="Luteoviridae">Luteoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tombusviridae" title="Tombusviridae">Tombusviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Lenarviricota" title="Lenarviricota">Lenarviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Leviviricetes" title="Leviviricetes">Leviviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Norzivirales" title="Norzivirales">Norzivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Atkinsviridae" title="Atkinsviridae">Atkinsviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Duinviridae" title="Duinviridae">Duinviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fiersviridae" title="Fiersviridae">Fiersviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solspiviridae" title="Solspiviridae">Solspiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Timlovirales" title="Timlovirales">Timlovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Blumeviridae" title="Blumeviridae">Blumeviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Steitzviridae" title="Steitzviridae">Steitzviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Amabiliviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Amabiliviricetes">Amabiliviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Wolframvirales22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Wolframvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolframvirales">Wolframvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Narnaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Narnaviridae">Narnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Howeltoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Howeltoviricetes">Howeltoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Cryppavirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Cryppavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Cryppavirales">Cryppavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Mitoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mitoviridae">Mitoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Miaviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Miaviricetes">Miaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ourlivirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ourlivirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Ourlivirales">Ourlivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Botourmiaviridae" title="Botourmiaviridae">Botourmiaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pisuviricota" title="Pisuviricota">Pisuviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pisoniviricetes" title="Pisoniviricetes">Pisoniviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Nidovirales" title="Nidovirales">Nidovirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Abyssoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Abyssoviridae">Abyssoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arteriviridae" title="Arteriviridae">Arteriviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cremegaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cremegaviridae (page does not exist)">Cremegaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Coronaviridae" title="Coronaviridae">Coronaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Euroniviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Euroniviridae (page does not exist)">Euroniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Gresnaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Gresnaviridae (page does not exist)">Gresnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Medioniviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Medioniviridae (page does not exist)">Medioniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mesoniviridae" title="Mesoniviridae">Mesoniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mononiviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Mononiviridae">Mononiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanghoshaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanghoshaviridae (page does not exist)">Nanghoshaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nanhypoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Nanhypoviridae (page does not exist)">Nanhypoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Olifoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Olifoviridae (page does not exist)">Olifoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Roniviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Roniviridae">Roniviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tobaniviridae" title="Tobaniviridae">Tobaniviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Picornavirales" title="Picornavirales">Picornavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Picornaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Picornaviridae">Picornaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Marnaviridae" title="Marnaviridae">Marnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Solinviviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Solinviviridae (page does not exist)">Solinviviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Caliciviridae" title="Caliciviridae">Caliciviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iflaviridae" title="Iflaviridae">Iflaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Secoviridae" title="Secoviridae">Secoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Dicistroviridae" title="Dicistroviridae">Dicistroviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Polycipiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Polycipiviridae (page does not exist)">Polycipiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Sobelivirales" title="Sobelivirales">Sobelivirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Alvernaviridae" title="Alvernaviridae">Alvernaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Barnaviridae" title="Barnaviridae">Barnaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Solemoviridae" title="Solemoviridae">Solemoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Stelpaviricetes" title="Stelpaviricetes">Stelpaviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Patatavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Patatavirales">Patatavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Potyviridae" title="Potyviridae">Potyviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Stellavirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Stellavirales">Stellavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Astroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Astroviridae">Astroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Unassigned</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b>Families</b>: <i><a href="/wiki/Permutotetraviridae" title="Permutotetraviridae">Permutotetraviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sarthroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarthroviridae">Sarthroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="V:_(–)ssRNA_viruses153" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">V: <a href="/wiki/Negative-sense_ssRNA_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="Negative-sense ssRNA virus">(–)ssRNA viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Orthornavirae21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Orthornavirae" title="Orthornavirae">Orthornavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Negarnaviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Negarnaviricota">Negarnaviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Chunqiuviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Chunqiuviricetes">Chunqiuviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Muvirales17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Muvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Muvirales">Muvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Qinviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Qinviridae">Qinviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ellioviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Ellioviricetes">Ellioviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Bunyavirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Bunyavirales" title="Bunyavirales">Bunyavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Cruliviridae" title="Cruliviridae">Cruliviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arenaviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Arenaviridae">Arenaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fimoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Fimoviridae">Fimoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hantaviridae" title="Hantaviridae">Hantaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Leishbuviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Leishbuviridae (page does not exist)">Leishbuviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mypoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mypoviridae (page does not exist)">Mypoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nairoviridae" title="Nairoviridae">Nairoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Peribunyaviridae" title="Peribunyaviridae">Peribunyaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phasmaviridae" title="Phasmaviridae">Phasmaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Phenuiviridae" title="Phenuiviridae">Phenuiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tospoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Tospoviridae">Tospoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Wupedeviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Wupedeviridae (page does not exist)">Wupedeviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Insthoviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Insthoviricetes">Insthoviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Articulavirales23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Articulavirales" title="Articulavirales">Articulavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Amnoonviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnoonviridae">Amnoonviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Orthomyxoviridae" title="Orthomyxoviridae">Orthomyxoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Milneviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Milneviricetes">Milneviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Serpentovirales24" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Serpentovirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Serpentovirales">Serpentovirales </a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Aspiviridae" title="Aspiviridae">Aspiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Monjiviricetes" title="Monjiviricetes">Monjiviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Jingchuvirales" title="Jingchuvirales">Jingchuvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aliusviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Aliusviridae (page does not exist)">Aliusviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Chuviridae" title="Chuviridae">Chuviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Crepuscuviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Crepuscuviridae (page does not exist)">Crepuscuviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Myriaviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Myriaviridae (page does not exist)">Myriaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Natareviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Natareviridae (page does not exist)">Natareviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Mononegavirales" title="Mononegavirales">Mononegavirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Artoviridae" title="Artoviridae">Artoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bornaviridae" title="Bornaviridae">Bornaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Filoviridae" title="Filoviridae">Filoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lispiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lispiviridae (page does not exist)">Lispiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mymonaviridae" title="Mymonaviridae">Mymonaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nyamiviridae" title="Nyamiviridae">Nyamiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Paramyxoviridae" title="Paramyxoviridae">Paramyxoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pneumoviridae" title="Pneumoviridae">Pneumoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Rhabdoviridae" title="Rhabdoviridae">Rhabdoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sunviridae" title="Sunviridae">Sunviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Xinmoviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Xinmoviridae (page does not exist)">Xinmoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Yunchangviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Yunchangviricetes">Yunchangviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Goujianvirales22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Goujianvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Goujianvirales">Goujianvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yueviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Yueviridae">Yueviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ambiviricota" title="Ambiviricota">Ambiviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Suforviricetes22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Suforviricetes" class="mw-redirect" title="Suforviricetes">Suforviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Crytulvirales21" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Crytulvirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Crytulvirales">Crytulvirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Dumbiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dumbiviridae (page does not exist)">Dumbiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Quambiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Quambiviridae (page does not exist)">Quambiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Trimbiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Trimbiviridae (page does not exist)">Trimbiviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Unambiviridae&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Unambiviridae (page does not exist)">Unambiviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Reverse_transcribing_virus" title="Reverse transcribing virus">RT</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="VI:_ssRNA-RT_viruses49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">VI: <a href="/wiki/SsRNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="SsRNA-RT virus">ssRNA-RT viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pararnavirae20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pararnavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pararnavirae">Pararnavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Artverviricota22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Artverviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Artverviricota">Artverviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Revtraviricetes23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes">Revtraviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Ortervirales20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ortervirales" title="Ortervirales">Ortervirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Belpaoviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Belpaoviridae">Belpaoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Metaviridae" title="Metaviridae">Metaviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pseudoviridae" title="Pseudoviridae">Pseudoviridae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Retroviridae" class="mw-redirect" title="Retroviridae">Retroviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="VII:_dsDNA-RT_viruses49" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">VII: <a href="/wiki/DsDNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA-RT virus">dsDNA-RT viruses</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Riboviria17" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Riboviria" title="Riboviria">Riboviria</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Pararnavirae20" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Pararnavirae" class="mw-redirect" title="Pararnavirae">Pararnavirae</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Artverviricota22" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Artverviricota" class="mw-redirect" title="Artverviricota">Artverviricota</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Revtraviricetes23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Revtraviricetes" title="Revtraviricetes">Revtraviricetes</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Blubervirales" class="mw-redirect" title="Blubervirales">Blubervirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hepadnaviridae" title="Hepadnaviridae">Hepadnaviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ortervirales" title="Ortervirales">Ortervirales</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Caulimoviridae" title="Caulimoviridae">Caulimoviridae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Taxonomy_of_...47" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxonomy_of_..." title="Template:Taxonomy of ..."><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Taxonomy_of_..." title="Template talk:Taxonomy of ..."><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Taxonomy_of_..." 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style="width:1%">Plants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Plant_taxonomy" title="Plant taxonomy">Plantae</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Allium" title="Taxonomy of Allium"><i>Allium</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Liliaceae" title="Taxonomy of Liliaceae">Liliaceae</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Tulipa" title="Taxonomy of Tulipa"><i>Tulipa</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Narcissus" title="Taxonomy of Narcissus"><i>Narcissus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Orchidaceae" title="Taxonomy of the Orchidaceae">Orchidaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_wheat" title="Taxonomy of wheat"><i>Triticum</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Adenanthos" title="Taxonomy of Adenanthos"><i>Adenanthos</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Banksia" title="Taxonomy of Banksia"><i>Banksia</i></a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Banksia_integrifolia" title="Taxonomy of Banksia integrifolia"><i>B. integrifolia</i></a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Cactaceae" title="Taxonomy of the Cactaceae">Cactaceae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Citrus_taxonomy" title="Citrus taxonomy"><i>Citrus</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Drosera" title="Taxonomy of Drosera"><i>Drosera</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Pachypodium" title="Taxonomy of Pachypodium"><i>Pachypodium</i></a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Animals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_animals_(Hutchins_et_al.,_2003)" title="Taxonomy of the animals (Hutchins et al., 2003)">Animalia</a></b></li> <li>Gastropoda <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_et_al.,_2017)" title="Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet et al., 2017)">2017</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Bouchet_%26_Rocroi,_2005)" title="Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Bouchet & Rocroi, 2005)">2005</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Gastropoda_(Ponder_%26_Lindberg,_1997)" title="Taxonomy of the Gastropoda (Ponder & Lindberg, 1997)">1997</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Conoidea_(Tucker_%26_Tenorio,_2009)" title="Taxonomy of the Conoidea (Tucker & Tenorio, 2009)">Conoidea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2010_Bivalvia_taxonomy" title="2010 Bivalvia taxonomy">Bivalvia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Brachiopoda" class="mw-redirect" title="Taxonomy of the Brachiopoda">Brachiopoda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spider_taxonomy" title="Spider taxonomy">Araneae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_scorpions" title="Taxonomy of scorpions">Scorpiones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Dermaptera" title="Taxonomy of the Dermaptera">Dermaptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Anopheles" title="Taxonomy of Anopheles"><i>Anopheles</i></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_Lepidoptera" title="Taxonomy of the Lepidoptera">Lepidoptera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_Lucanidae" title="Taxonomy of Lucanidae">Lucanidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_the_vertebrates_(Young,_1962)" title="Taxonomy of the vertebrates (Young, 1962)">Vertebrates</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_lemurs" title="Taxonomy of lemurs">Lemuridae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Human_taxonomy" title="Human taxonomy"><i>Homo sapiens</i></a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Polyphyly" title="Polyphyly">Polyphyletic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Protists8" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Protists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Protista_taxonomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Protista taxonomy">Protista</a></b></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_diatoms" title="Taxonomy of diatoms">Diatomea</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultivated_plant_taxonomy" title="Cultivated plant taxonomy">Cultivated plants</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_invertebrates_(Brusca_%26_Brusca,_2003)" title="Taxonomy of invertebrates (Brusca & Brusca, 2003)">Invertebrates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taxonomy_of_commonly_fossilised_invertebrates" title="Taxonomy of commonly fossilised invertebrates">Commonly fossilised invertebrates</a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Viruses</a></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Self-replicating_organic_structures216" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Self-replicating_organic_structures" title="Template:Self-replicating organic structures"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Self-replicating_organic_structures" title="Template talk:Self-replicating organic structures"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Self-replicating_organic_structures" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Self-replicating organic structures"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Self-replicating_organic_structures216" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Self-replication" title="Self-replication">Self-replicating</a> organic structures</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Life" title="Life">Cellular life</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacteria" title="Bacteria">Bacteria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Archaea" title="Archaea">Archaea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eukaryote" title="Eukaryote">Eukaryota</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Animal" title="Animal">Animalia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungus" title="Fungus">Fungi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plant" title="Plant">Plantae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protist" title="Protist">Protista</a></li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Incertae_sedis" title="Incertae sedis">Incertae sedis</a></i> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Parakaryon" title="Parakaryon">Parakaryon</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Biological_dark_matter" title="Biological dark matter">Biological dark matter</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%;background:#CEDAF2;"><a href="/wiki/Virus" title="Virus">Virus</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA_virus#Group_I:_dsDNA_viruses" title="DNA virus">dsDNA virus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giant_virus" title="Giant virus">Giant virus</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_virus#Group_II:_ssDNA_viruses" title="DNA virus">ssDNA virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double-stranded_RNA_viruses" title="Double-stranded RNA viruses">dsRNA virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_virus#Group_IV—positive-sense_ssRNA_viruses" title="RNA virus">(+)ssRNA virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RNA_virus#Group_V—negative-sense_ssRNA_viruses" title="RNA virus">(−)ssRNA virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrovirus" title="Retrovirus">ssRNA-RT virus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DsDNA-RT_virus" class="mw-redirect" title="DsDNA-RT virus">dsDNA-RT virus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%;background:#CEDAF2;"><a href="/wiki/Subviral_agents" class="mw-redirect" title="Subviral agents">Subviral<br />agents</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: center;;background:#CEDAF2;"><a href="/wiki/Viroid" title="Viroid">Viroid</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Pospiviroidae" title="Pospiviroidae">Pospiviroidae</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Avsunviroidae" title="Avsunviroidae">Avsunviroidae</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: center;;background:#CEDAF2;"><a href="/wiki/Helper_virus" title="Helper virus">Helper-virus<br />dependent</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;background:#CEDAF2;"><a href="/wiki/Satellite_(biology)" title="Satellite (biology)">Satellite</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>ssRNA satellite virus</li> <li>dsDNA satellite virus (<a href="/wiki/Virophage" title="Virophage">Virophage</a>)</li> <li>ssDNA satellite virus</li> <li>ssDNA satellite</li> <li>dsRNA satellite</li> <li>ssRNA satellite (<a href="/wiki/Virusoid" title="Virusoid">Virusoid</a>)</li> <li>Satellite-like nucleic acids <ul><li>RNA</li> <li>DNA</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align: center;;background:#CEDAF2;">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Defective_interfering_particle" title="Defective interfering particle">Defective interfering particle</a> <ul><li>RNA</li> <li>DNA</li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Prion" title="Prion">Prion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Prion" title="Prion">Mammalian prion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fungal_prion" title="Fungal prion">Fungal prion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Nucleic_acid" title="Nucleic acid">Nucleic acid</a><br />self-replication</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: center;"><a href="/wiki/Mobile_genetic_elements" title="Mobile genetic elements">Mobile genetic<br />elements</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mobilome" title="Mobilome">Mobilome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Horizontal_gene_transfer" title="Horizontal gene transfer">Horizontal gene transfer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genomic_island" title="Genomic island">Genomic island</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transposable_element" title="Transposable element">Transposable element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Retrotransposon" title="Retrotransposon">Class I or retrotransposon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DNA_transposon" title="DNA transposon">Class II or DNA transposon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plasmid" title="Plasmid">Plasmid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fertility_factor_(bacteria)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fertility factor (bacteria)">Fertility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R-factor" class="mw-redirect" title="R-factor">Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colicin" title="Colicin">Col</a></li> <li>Degradative</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virulence_factor" title="Virulence factor">Virulence</a>/<a href="/wiki/Ti_plasmid" title="Ti plasmid">Ti</a></li> <li>Cryptic</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cosmid" title="Cosmid">Cosmid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fosmid" title="Fosmid">Fosmid</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Phagemid" title="Phagemid">Phagemid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_I_catalytic_intron" title="Group I catalytic intron">Group I intron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Group_II_intron" title="Group II intron">Group II intron</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retrozyme" title="Retrozyme">Retrozyme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:7em;text-align: center;">Other aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/DNA_replication" title="DNA replication">DNA replication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RNA-dependent_RNA_polymerase" title="RNA-dependent RNA polymerase">RNA replication</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromosome" title="Chromosome">Chromosome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Linear_chromosome" title="Linear chromosome">Linear</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Circular_chromosome" title="Circular chromosome">Circular</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Extrachromosomal_DNA" title="Extrachromosomal DNA">Extrachromosomal DNA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Secondary_chromosome" title="Secondary chromosome">Secondary chromosome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Genome" title="Genome">Genome</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Gene" title="Gene">Gene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gene_duplication" title="Gene duplication">Gene duplication</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-coding_DNA" title="Non-coding DNA">Non-coding DNA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Origin_of_replication" title="Origin of replication">Origin of replication</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Replicon_(genetics)" title="Replicon (genetics)">Replicon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endogenous_viral_element" title="Endogenous viral element">Endogenous viral element</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Provirus" title="Provirus">Provirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Prophage" title="Prophage">Prophage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Endogenous_retrovirus" title="Endogenous retrovirus">Endogenous retrovirus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transpoviron" title="Transpoviron">Transpoviron</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Repeated_sequence_(DNA)" title="Repeated sequence (DNA)">Repeated sequences in DNA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tandem_repeat" title="Tandem repeat">Tandem repeat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Interspersed_repeat" title="Interspersed repeat">Interspersed repeat</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Endosymbiont" title="Endosymbiont">Endosymbiosis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitochondrion" title="Mitochondrion">Mitochondrion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mitosome" title="Mitosome">Mitosome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hydrogenosome" title="Hydrogenosome">Hydrogenosome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plastid" title="Plastid">Plastid</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chloroplast" title="Chloroplast">Chloroplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chromoplast" title="Chromoplast">Chromoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gerontoplast" title="Gerontoplast">Gerontoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leucoplast" title="Leucoplast">Leucoplast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apicoplast" title="Apicoplast">Apicoplast</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kappa_organism" title="Kappa organism">Kappa organism</a></li> <li>Organs <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bacteriome" title="Bacteriome">Bacteriome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trophosome" title="Trophosome">Trophosome</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nitroplast" title="Nitroplast">Nitroplast</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Abiogenesis" title="Abiogenesis">Abiogenesis</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Last_universal_common_ancestor" title="Last universal common ancestor">Last universal common ancestor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Earliest_known_life_forms" title="Earliest known life forms">Earliest known life forms</a></li> <li>?<a href="/wiki/RNA_world" title="RNA world">RNA life</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ribozyme" title="Ribozyme">Ribozyme</a></li></ul></li> <li>†<a href="/wiki/Protocell" title="Protocell">Protocell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coacervate" title="Coacervate">Coacervate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proteinoid" title="Proteinoid">Proteinoid</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sulphobes" title="Sulphobes">Sulphobe</a></li> <li>Research <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Model_lipid_bilayer" title="Model lipid bilayer">Model lipid bilayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeewanu" title="Jeewanu">Jeewanu</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Organism" title="Organism">Organism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cell_(biology)" title="Cell (biology)">Cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cell_division" title="Cell division">Cell division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artificial_cell" title="Artificial cell">Artificial cell</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Non-cellular_life" title="Non-cellular life">Non-cellular life</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Synthetic_virology" title="Synthetic virology">Synthetic virus</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Viral_vector" title="Viral vector">Viral vector</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helper_dependent_virus" title="Helper dependent virus">Helper dependent virus</a></li></ul></li> <li>?<a href="/wiki/Nanobacterium" title="Nanobacterium">Nanobacterium</a></li> <li>?<a href="/wiki/Nanobe" title="Nanobe">Nanobe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cancer_cell" title="Cancer cell">Cancer cell</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/HeLa" title="HeLa">HeLa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clonally_transmissible_cancer" title="Clonally transmissible cancer">Clonally transmissible cancer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virome" title="Virome">Virome</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img 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