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class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>First voyage (1534)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-First_voyage_(1534)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Second_voyage_(1535–1536)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Second_voyage_(1535–1536)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Second voyage (1535–1536)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Second_voyage_(1535–1536)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Third_voyage_(1541–1542)" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Third_voyage_(1541–1542)"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Third voyage (1541–1542)</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Third_voyage_(1541–1542)-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Later_life" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Later_life"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Later life</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Later_life-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Legacy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rediscovery_of_Cartier's_first_colony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rediscovery_of_Cartier's_first_colony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Rediscovery of Cartier's first colony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rediscovery_of_Cartier's_first_colony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Ships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Monuments,_remembrances_and_other_art" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Monuments,_remembrances_and_other_art"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>Monuments, remembrances and other art</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Monuments,_remembrances_and_other_art-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Popular_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Popular_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>Popular references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Popular_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">11</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">12</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">13</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Further_reading" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Further_reading"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">14</span> <span>Further reading</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Further_reading-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">15</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Jacques Cartier</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 146 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-146" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">146 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Alemannic" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="Alemannic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-am mw-list-item"><a href="https://am.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%8B%A3%E1%8A%AD_%E1%8A%AB%E1%88%AD%E1%89%B5%E1%8B%AC" title="ዣክ ካርትዬ – Amharic" lang="am" hreflang="am" data-title="ዣክ ካርትዬ" data-language-autonym="አማርኛ" data-language-local-name="Amharic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>አማርኛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-anp mw-list-item"><a href="https://anp.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F" title="ज़ाक कार्तिए – Angika" lang="anp" hreflang="anp" data-title="ज़ाक कार्तिए" data-language-autonym="अंगिका" data-language-local-name="Angika" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अंगिका</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جاك كارتييه – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="جاك كارتييه" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-awa mw-list-item"><a href="https://awa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्याक कार्टिअर – Awadhi" lang="awa" hreflang="awa" data-title="ज्याक कार्टिअर" data-language-autonym="अवधी" data-language-local-name="Awadhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>अवधी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gn mw-list-item"><a href="https://gn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Guarani" lang="gn" hreflang="gn" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Avañe'ẽ" data-language-local-name="Guarani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Avañe'ẽ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak_Kartye" title="Jak Kartye – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Jak Kartye" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C" title="ژاک کارتی – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="ژاک کارتی" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%9C%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%95_%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A4%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A7%87" title="জাক কার্তিয়ে – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="জাক কার্তিয়ে" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-min-nan mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-min-nan.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Minnan" lang="nan" hreflang="nan" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú" data-language-local-name="Minnan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>閩南語 / Bân-lâm-gú</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ba mw-list-item"><a href="https://ba.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Картье – Bashkir" lang="ba" hreflang="ba" data-title="Жак Картье" data-language-autonym="Башҡортса" data-language-local-name="Bashkir" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Башҡортса</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%86%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Карцье – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Жак Карцье" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%E2%80%99%D0%B5" title="Жак Карт’е – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Жак Карт’е" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Жак Картие – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Жак Картие" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakez_Karter" title="Jakez Karter – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Jakez Karter" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bxr mw-list-item"><a href="https://bxr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Картье – Russia Buriat" lang="bxr" hreflang="bxr" data-title="Жак Картье" data-language-autonym="Буряад" data-language-local-name="Russia Buriat" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Буряад</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Картье – Chuvash" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Жак Картье" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="Chuvash" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%B1%CE%BA_%CE%9A%CE%B1%CF%81%CF%84%CE%B9%CE%AD" title="Ζακ Καρτιέ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζακ Καρτιέ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%D9%87" title="ژاک کارتیه – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="ژاک کارتیه" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hif mw-list-item"><a href="https://hif.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Fiji Hindi" lang="hif" hreflang="hif" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Fiji Hindi" data-language-local-name="Fiji Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Fiji Hindi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fur mw-list-item"><a href="https://fur.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Friulian" lang="fur" hreflang="fur" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Furlan" data-language-local-name="Friulian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Furlan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Irish" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="Irish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Manx" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="Manx" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gan mw-list-item"><a href="https://gan.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%8B%BF%E5%8F%AF%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E5%B8%96" title="拿可·卡帖 – Gan" lang="gan" hreflang="gan" data-title="拿可·卡帖" data-language-autonym="贛語" data-language-local-name="Gan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>贛語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-guw mw-list-item"><a href="https://guw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Gun" lang="guw" hreflang="guw" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Gungbe" data-language-local-name="Gun" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gungbe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xal mw-list-item"><a href="https://xal.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Картье, Жак – Kalmyk" lang="xal" hreflang="xal" data-title="Картье, Жак" data-language-autonym="Хальмг" data-language-local-name="Kalmyk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Хальмг</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9E%90%ED%81%AC_%EC%B9%B4%EB%A5%B4%ED%8B%B0%EC%97%90" title="자크 카르티에 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="자크 카르티에" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ha mw-list-item"><a href="https://ha.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Hausa" lang="ha" hreflang="ha" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Hausa" data-language-local-name="Hausa" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hausa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%BA%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D4%BF%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%BF%D5%AB%D5%A5" title="Ժակ Կարտիե – Armenian" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Ժակ Կարտիե" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="Armenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A4%BC%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F" title="ज़ाक कार्तिए – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ज़ाक कार्तिए" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-io mw-list-item"><a href="https://io.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Ido" lang="io" hreflang="io" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Ido" data-language-local-name="Ido" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ido</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ilo mw-list-item"><a href="https://ilo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Iloko" lang="ilo" hreflang="ilo" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Ilokano" data-language-local-name="Iloko" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ilokano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="Interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-os mw-list-item"><a href="https://os.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Картье, Жак – Ossetic" lang="os" hreflang="os" data-title="Картье, Жак" data-language-autonym="Ирон" data-language-local-name="Ossetic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ирон</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%27%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%99%D7%94" title="ז'אק קרטייה – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="ז'אק קרטייה" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Javanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="Javanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kbp mw-list-item"><a href="https://kbp.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Kabiye" lang="kbp" hreflang="kbp" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kabɩyɛ" data-language-local-name="Kabiye" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kabɩyɛ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pam mw-list-item"><a href="https://pam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Pampanga" lang="pam" hreflang="pam" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kapampangan" data-language-local-name="Pampanga" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kapampangan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%99_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="ჟაკ კარტიე – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ჟაკ კარტიე" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Картье – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Жак Картье" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kw mw-list-item"><a href="https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Cornish" lang="kw" hreflang="kw" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kernowek" data-language-local-name="Cornish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kernowek</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="Swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-avk mw-list-item"><a href="https://avk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Kotava" lang="avk" hreflang="avk" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kotava" data-language-local-name="Kotava" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kotava</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gcr mw-list-item"><a href="https://gcr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Guianan Creole" lang="gcr" hreflang="gcr" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kriyòl gwiyannen" data-language-local-name="Guianan Creole" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kriyòl gwiyannen</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ku mw-list-item"><a href="https://ku.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Kurdish" lang="ku" hreflang="ku" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Kurdî" data-language-local-name="Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kurdî</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lad mw-list-item"><a href="https://lad.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Ladino" lang="lad" hreflang="lad" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Ladino" data-language-local-name="Ladino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ladino</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la badge-Q17437796 badge-featuredarticle mw-list-item" title="featured article badge"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iacobus_Quarterius" title="Iacobus Quarterius – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Iacobus Quarterius" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDaks_Kartj%C4%93" title="Žaks Kartjē – Latvian" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Žaks Kartjē" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="Latvian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lij mw-list-item"><a href="https://lij.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Ligurian" lang="lij" hreflang="lij" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Ligure" data-language-local-name="Ligurian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ligure</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Limburgish" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="Limburgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lfn mw-list-item"><a href="https://lfn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Lingua Franca Nova" lang="lfn" hreflang="lfn" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Lingua Franca Nova" data-language-local-name="Lingua Franca Nova" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lingua Franca Nova</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mai mw-list-item"><a href="https://mai.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%85%E0%A4%B0" title="ज्याक कार्टिअर – Maithili" lang="mai" hreflang="mai" data-title="ज्याक कार्टिअर" data-language-autonym="मैथिली" data-language-local-name="Maithili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मैथिली</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Жак Картие – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Жак Картие" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mg mw-list-item"><a href="https://mg.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Malagasy" lang="mg" hreflang="mg" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Malagasy" data-language-local-name="Malagasy" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Malagasy</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%8D_%E0%B4%95%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A4%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BF%E0%B4%AF%E0%B5%87%E0%B5%BC" title="ഷാക്ക് കാത്തിയേർ – Malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ഷാക്ക് കാത്തിയേർ" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="Malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mr mw-list-item"><a href="https://mr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%89%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="जॉक कार्तिये – Marathi" lang="mr" hreflang="mr" data-title="जॉक कार्तिये" data-language-autonym="मराठी" data-language-local-name="Marathi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>मराठी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-xmf mw-list-item"><a href="https://xmf.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9F%E1%83%90%E1%83%99_%E1%83%99%E1%83%90%E1%83%A0%E1%83%A2%E1%83%98%E1%83%94" title="ჟაკ კარტიე – Mingrelian" lang="xmf" hreflang="xmf" data-title="ჟაკ კარტიე" data-language-autonym="მარგალური" data-language-local-name="Mingrelian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>მარგალური</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%83_%D9%83%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%8A%D9%87" title="جاك كارتييه – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="جاك كارتييه" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mwl mw-list-item"><a href="https://mwl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Mirandese" lang="mwl" hreflang="mwl" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Mirandés" data-language-local-name="Mirandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Mirandés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mn mw-list-item"><a href="https://mn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Картье – Mongolian" lang="mn" hreflang="mn" data-title="Жак Картье" data-language-autonym="Монгол" data-language-local-name="Mongolian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Монгол</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%82%E1%80%BB%E1%80%80%E1%80%BA%E1%80%80%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%B7_%E1%80%80%E1%80%AC%E1%80%90%E1%80%AE%E1%80%9A%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8" title="ဂျက်ကော့ ကာတီယေး – Burmese" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ဂျက်ကော့ ကာတီယေး" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="Burmese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-new mw-list-item"><a href="https://new.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9C%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%95_%E0%A4%95%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%B0%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%A4%E0%A4%BF%E0%A4%8F" title="ज्याक कार्तिए – Newari" lang="new" hreflang="new" data-title="ज्याक कार्तिए" data-language-autonym="नेपाल भाषा" data-language-local-name="Newari" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>नेपाल भाषा</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B8%E3%83%A3%E3%83%83%E3%82%AF%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AB%E3%83%AB%E3%83%86%E3%82%A3%E3%82%A8" title="ジャック・カルティエ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ジャック・カルティエ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nap mw-list-item"><a href="https://nap.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Neapolitan" lang="nap" hreflang="nap" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Napulitano" data-language-local-name="Neapolitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Napulitano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ce mw-list-item"><a href="https://ce.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Картье, Жак – Chechen" lang="ce" hreflang="ce" data-title="Картье, Жак" data-language-autonym="Нохчийн" data-language-local-name="Chechen" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Нохчийн</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Uzbek" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="Uzbek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pa mw-list-item"><a href="https://pa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A8%9C%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%95_%E0%A8%95%E0%A8%BE%E0%A8%B0%E0%A8%A4%E0%A9%80%E0%A8%85%E0%A8%B0" title="ਜਾਕ ਕਾਰਤੀਅਰ – Punjabi" lang="pa" hreflang="pa" data-title="ਜਾਕ ਕਾਰਤੀਅਰ" data-language-autonym="ਪੰਜਾਬੀ" data-language-local-name="Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ਪੰਜਾਬੀ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pag mw-list-item"><a href="https://pag.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Pangasinan" lang="pag" hreflang="pag" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Pangasinan" data-language-local-name="Pangasinan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Pangasinan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D9%88%D8%A6%DB%8C_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%B1" title="جیکوئی کارٹیر – Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="جیکوئی کارٹیر" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jam mw-list-item"><a href="https://jam.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Jamaican Creole English" lang="jam" hreflang="jam" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Patois" data-language-local-name="Jamaican Creole English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Patois</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pcd mw-list-item"><a href="https://pcd.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Picard" lang="pcd" hreflang="pcd" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Picard" data-language-local-name="Picard" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Picard</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pms mw-list-item"><a href="https://pms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Piedmontese" lang="pms" hreflang="pms" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Piemontèis" data-language-local-name="Piedmontese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Piemontèis</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Low German" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="Low German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-crh mw-list-item"><a href="https://crh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak_Kartye" title="Jak Kartye – Crimean Tatar" lang="crh" hreflang="crh" data-title="Jak Kartye" data-language-autonym="Qırımtatarca" data-language-local-name="Crimean Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Qırımtatarca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ksh mw-list-item"><a href="https://ksh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Colognian" lang="ksh" hreflang="ksh" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Ripoarisch" data-language-local-name="Colognian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ripoarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-qu mw-list-item"><a href="https://qu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Quechua" lang="qu" hreflang="qu" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Runa Simi" data-language-local-name="Quechua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Runa Simi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-rue mw-list-item"><a href="https://rue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%94" title="Жак Картьє – Rusyn" lang="rue" hreflang="rue" data-title="Жак Картьє" data-language-autonym="Русиньскый" data-language-local-name="Rusyn" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русиньскый</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Картье, Жак – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Картье, Жак" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sah mw-list-item"><a href="https://sah.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5" title="Жак Картье – Yakut" lang="sah" hreflang="sah" data-title="Жак Картье" data-language-autonym="Саха тыла" data-language-local-name="Yakut" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Саха тыла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Albanian" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="Albanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-scn mw-list-item"><a href="https://scn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Sicilian" lang="scn" hreflang="scn" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Sicilianu" data-language-local-name="Sicilian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sicilianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Slovak" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="Slovak" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%98%D8%A7%DA%A9_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA%DB%8C%DB%8E" title="ژاک کارتیێ – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="ژاک کارتیێ" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%98%D0%B5" title="Жак Картје – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Жак Картје" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-su mw-list-item"><a href="https://su.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Sundanese" lang="su" hreflang="su" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Sunda" data-language-local-name="Sundanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Sunda</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B4%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B0%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AF%87" title="இழ்சாக் கார்ட்டியே – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இழ்சாக் கார்ட்டியே" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tt mw-list-item"><a href="https://tt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jak_Kartye" title="Jak Kartye – Tatar" lang="tt" hreflang="tt" data-title="Jak Kartye" data-language-autonym="Татарча / tatarça" data-language-local-name="Tatar" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Татарча / tatarça</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%8C%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%81_%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A3%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%95%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%A2" title="ฌัก การ์ตีเย – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฌัก การ์ตีเย" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tyv mw-list-item"><a href="https://tyv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D0%B5,_%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA" title="Картье, Жак – Tuvinian" lang="tyv" hreflang="tyv" data-title="Картье, Жак" data-language-autonym="Тыва дыл" data-language-local-name="Tuvinian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Тыва дыл</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%96%D0%B0%D0%BA_%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D1%8C%D1%94" title="Жак Картьє – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Жак Картьє" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%DB%8C%DA%A9%D8%B3_%DA%A9%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%B9%DB%8C%D8%A6%D8%B1" title="جیکس کارٹیئر – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="جیکس کارٹیئر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-za mw-list-item"><a href="https://za.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Zhuang" lang="za" hreflang="za" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Vahcuengh" data-language-local-name="Zhuang" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vahcuengh</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vep mw-list-item"><a href="https://vep.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kartje_%C5%BDak" title="Kartje Žak – Veps" lang="vep" hreflang="vep" data-title="Kartje Žak" data-language-autonym="Vepsän kel’" data-language-local-name="Veps" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Vepsän kel’</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vo mw-list-item"><a href="https://vo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Volapük" lang="vo" hreflang="vo" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Volapük" data-language-local-name="Volapük" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Volapük</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fiu-vro mw-list-item"><a href="https://fiu-vro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cartier%27_Jacques" title="Cartier' Jacques – Võro" lang="vro" hreflang="vro" data-title="Cartier' Jacques" data-language-autonym="Võro" data-language-local-name="Võro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Võro</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="Waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E9%9B%85%E5%85%8B%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E8%92%82%E5%9F%83" title="雅克·卡蒂埃 – Wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="雅克·卡蒂埃" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="Wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yi mw-list-item"><a href="https://yi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%A9%D7%90%D7%A7_%D7%A7%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%98%D7%99%D7%A2%D7%A8" title="זשאק קארטיער – Yiddish" lang="yi" hreflang="yi" data-title="זשאק קארטיער" data-language-autonym="ייִדיש" data-language-local-name="Yiddish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ייִדיש</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_Cartier" title="Jacques Cartier – Yoruba" lang="yo" hreflang="yo" data-title="Jacques Cartier" data-language-autonym="Yorùbá" data-language-local-name="Yoruba" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Yorùbá</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%BE%A4%C2%B7%E5%8D%A1%E9%90%B5%E8%80%B6" title="澤·卡鐵耶 – 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class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">This article is about the French explorer. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Jacques Cartier (disambiguation)">Jacques Cartier (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p><p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Jacques Cartier</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg/220px-Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="295" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg/330px-Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg/440px-Jacques_Cartier_1851-1852.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4323" data-file-height="5805" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Portrait by <a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Hamel" title="Théophile Hamel">Théophile Hamel</a>, <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1844</span>. No contemporary portraits of Cartier are known.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">31 December 1491<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">1 September 1557<span style="display:none">(1557-09-01)</span> (aged 65)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace">Saint-Malo, <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_France" title="Kingdom of France">France</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Nationality</th><td class="infobox-data category">French</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupation(s)</th><td class="infobox-data role"><a href="/wiki/Navigator" title="Navigator">Navigator</a> and explorer</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Known for</th><td class="infobox-data">First <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">European</a> to travel inland in North America. Claimed what is now known as Canada for the Kingdom of France.</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouse</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Mary Catherine des Granches</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1520)<wbr /></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Signature</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><span class="infobox-signature skin-invert" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg/150px-Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg.png" decoding="async" width="150" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg/225px-Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/97/Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg/300px-Jacques_Cartier_Signature.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="284" data-file-height="118" /></a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Jacques Cartier</b><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> (<a href="/wiki/Breton_language" title="Breton language">Breton</a>: <i lang="br">Jakez Karter</i>; 31 December 1491 – 1 September 1557) was a French <a href="/wiki/Maritime_explorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Maritime explorer">maritime explorer</a> from <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>. Jacques Cartier was the first <a href="/wiki/Europeans" class="mw-redirect" title="Europeans">European</a> to describe and map<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Saint_Lawrence" class="mw-redirect" title="Gulf of Saint Lawrence">Gulf of Saint Lawrence</a> and the shores of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, which he <a href="/wiki/Name_of_Canada" title="Name of Canada">named "The Country of Canadas"</a><sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2023)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> after the <a href="/wiki/Iroquoian_languages" title="Iroquoian languages">Iroquoian names</a> for the two big settlements he saw at <a href="/wiki/Stadacona" title="Stadacona">Stadacona (Quebec City)</a> and at <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(village)" title="Hochelaga (village)">Hochelaga (Montreal Island)</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-CanEn-Cartier_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-CanEn-Cartier-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-EB-Cartier_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EB-Cartier-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Histori.ca_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Histori.ca-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Catholic-Cartier_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Catholic-Cartier-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2></div> <p>Jacques Cartier was born in 1491 in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a>, the port on the north-east coast of <a href="/wiki/Brittany" title="Brittany">Brittany</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartier, who was a respectable <a href="/wiki/Sailor" title="Sailor">mariner</a>, improved his social status in 1520 by marrying Mary Catherine des Granches, member of a leading aristocratic family.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His good name in Saint-Malo is recognized by its frequent appearance in baptismal registers as godfather or witness.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="First_voyage_(1534)"><span id="First_voyage_.281534.29"></span>First voyage (1534)</h2></div> <p>In 1534, two years after the <a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Brittany" title="Duchy of Brittany">Duchy of Brittany</a> was formally united with the French crown in the <a href="/wiki/Union_between_Brittany_and_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Union between Brittany and France">Edict of Union</a>, Cartier was introduced to King <a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I</a> by <a href="/wiki/Jean_Le_Veneur" title="Jean Le Veneur">Jean Le Veneur</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bishop_(Catholic_Church)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop (Catholic Church)">bishop</a> of Saint-Malo and <a href="/wiki/Abbot" title="Abbot">abbot</a> of <a href="/wiki/Mont_Saint-Michel" class="mw-redirect" title="Mont Saint-Michel">Mont Saint-Michel</a>, at the <a href="/wiki/Manoir_de_Brion" title="Manoir de Brion">Manoir de Brion</a>. The King had previously invited (although not formally commissioned) the <a href="/wiki/Florence" title="Florence">Florentine</a> explorer <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Verrazzano" title="Giovanni da Verrazzano">Giovanni da Verrazzano</a> to explore the eastern coast of North America on behalf of France in 1524.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Le Veneur cited voyages to Newfoundland and Brazil as proof of Cartier's ability to "lead ships to the discovery of new lands in the New World".<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-The_Explorers_Jacques_Cartier_1534-1542_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-The_Explorers_Jacques_Cartier_1534-1542-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cartier_First_Voyage_Map_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cartier_First_Voyage_Map_1.png/400px-Cartier_First_Voyage_Map_1.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="347" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/Cartier_First_Voyage_Map_1.png/600px-Cartier_First_Voyage_Map_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/79/Cartier_First_Voyage_Map_1.png 2x" data-file-width="636" data-file-height="552" /></a><figcaption>Route of Cartier's first voyage</figcaption></figure> <p>On April 20, 1534,<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartier set sail under a commission from the king, hoping to discover a <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">western passage</a> to the wealthy markets of the East Indies.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the words of the commission, he was to "discover certain islands and lands where it is said that a great quantity of gold and other precious things are to be found".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2024)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>It took him twenty days to sail across the ocean. Starting on May 10 of that year, he explored parts of <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland_(island)" title="Newfoundland (island)">Newfoundland</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a> and southern shore of the <a href="/wiki/Labrador_Peninsula" title="Labrador Peninsula">Labrador Peninsula</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Peninsula" title="Gaspé Peninsula">Gaspé</a> and <a href="/wiki/North_Shore_(New_Brunswick)" title="North Shore (New Brunswick)">North Shore</a> coastlines on the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a>, and some parts of the coasts of the Gulf's main islands, including <a href="/wiki/Prince_Edward_Island" title="Prince Edward Island">Prince Edward Island</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anticosti_Island" title="Anticosti Island">Anticosti Island</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Magdalen_Islands" title="Magdalen Islands">Magdalen Islands</a>. During one stop at Îles aux Oiseaux (Islands of the Birds, now the Rochers-aux-Oiseaux federal <a href="/wiki/Bird_sanctuary" class="mw-redirect" title="Bird sanctuary">bird sanctuary</a>, northeast of <a href="/wiki/Brion_Island" title="Brion Island">Brion Island</a> in the Magdalen Islands), his crew slaughtered around 1000 birds, most of them <a href="/wiki/Great_auk" title="Great auk">great auks</a> (extinct since 1852). Cartier's first two encounters with <a href="/wiki/Aboriginal_peoples_in_Canada" class="mw-redirect" title="Aboriginal peoples in Canada">aboriginal peoples in Canada</a> on the north side of <a href="/wiki/Chaleur_Bay" title="Chaleur Bay">Chaleur Bay</a>, most likely the <a href="/wiki/Mi%27kmaq_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Mi'kmaq people">Mi'kmaq</a>, were brief; some trading occurred. </p><p>His third encounter took place on the shores of <a href="/wiki/Gasp%C3%A9_Bay" title="Gaspé Bay">Gaspé Bay</a> with a party of <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Iroquoians" title="St. Lawrence Iroquoians">St. Lawrence Iroquoians</a>, where on July 24 he planted a cross to claim the land for France.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 10-metre cross bearing the words "Long Live the King of France" claimed possession of the territory in the King's name. The change in mood was a clear indication that the Iroquoians understood Cartier's actions. Here he kidnapped the two sons of their chief, <a href="/wiki/Donnacona" title="Donnacona">Donnacona</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartier wrote that they later told him this region where they were captured (Gaspé) was called by them <i>Honguedo</i>. The natives' chief at last agreed that they could be taken, under the condition that they return with European goods to trade.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Cartier returned to France in September 1534, sure that he had reached an Asian land. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Second_voyage_(1535–1536)"><span id="Second_voyage_.281535.E2.80.931536.29"></span>Second voyage (1535–1536)</h2></div> <p>Jacques Cartier set sail for a second voyage on May 19 of the following year with three ships, 110 men, and his two Iroquoian captives. Reaching the St. Lawrence, he sailed upriver for the first time, and reached the Iroquoian capital of <a href="/wiki/Stadacona" title="Stadacona">Stadacona</a>, where Chief <a href="/wiki/Donnacona" title="Donnacona">Donnacona</a> ruled.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartier claimed a land near St. Lawrence River in 1534; but France paid little attention to the colony for 60 years. Not until King <a href="/wiki/Henry_IV_of_France" title="Henry IV of France">Henry</a> IV sent <a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a> in 1608 to New France as its governor and built a permanent settlement and a fur-trading post called <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png/400px-Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png" decoding="async" width="400" height="273" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png/600px-Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7e/Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png/800px-Cartier_Second_Voyage_Map_1.png 2x" data-file-width="831" data-file-height="567" /></a><figcaption>Route of Cartier's second voyage.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cartier left his main ships in a harbour close to Stadacona, and used his smallest ship to continue on to <a href="/wiki/Hochelaga_(village)" title="Hochelaga (village)">Hochelaga</a> (now Montreal), arriving on October 2, 1535. Hochelaga was far more impressive than the small and squalid village of Stadacona, and a crowd of over a thousand came to the river's edge to greet the Frenchmen. The site of their arrival has been confidently identified as the beginning of the Sainte-Marie Sault – where the <a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge" title="Jacques Cartier Bridge">bridge named after him</a> now stands. The expedition could proceed no further, as the river was blocked by rapids. So certain was Cartier that the river was the <a href="/wiki/Northwest_Passage" title="Northwest Passage">Northwest Passage</a>, and that the rapids were all that was preventing him from sailing to China, that the rapids and the town that eventually grew near them came to be named after the French word for China, <i>La Chine</i>: the <a href="/wiki/Lachine_Rapids" title="Lachine Rapids">Lachine Rapids</a> and the town of <a href="/wiki/Lachine,_Quebec" title="Lachine, Quebec">Lachine, Quebec</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicals_of_America_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicals_of_America-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>After spending two days among the people of Hochelaga, Cartier returned to Stadacona on October 11. It is not known exactly when he decided to spend the winter of 1535–1536 in Stadacona, and it was by then too late to return to France. Cartier and his men prepared for the winter by strengthening their fort, stacking firewood, and <a href="/wiki/Salting_(food)" title="Salting (food)">salting down</a> <a href="/wiki/Salt-cured_meat" class="mw-redirect" title="Salt-cured meat">game</a> <a href="/wiki/Saltfish" class="mw-redirect" title="Saltfish">and fish</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg/220px-Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="131" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg/330px-Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/36/Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg/440px-Carte_espagnole_fleuve_Saint_Laurent.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4168" data-file-height="2479" /></a><figcaption>This Spanish chart of the <a href="/wiki/Saint_Lawrence_River" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Lawrence River">Saint Lawrence River</a>, from <abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1541</span>, contains a legend in front of the "isla de Orliens" that says: "Here many French died of hunger"; possibly alluding to Cartier's second settlement in 1535–1536.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>From mid-November 1535 to mid-April 1536, the French fleet lay frozen solid at the mouth of the <a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles_River_(Quebec_City)" title="Saint-Charles River (Quebec City)">St. Charles River</a>, under the Rock of Quebec. Ice was over a <a href="/wiki/Fathom" title="Fathom">fathom</a> (1.8 m) thick on the river, with snow four feet (1.2 m) deep ashore. To add to the misery, <a href="/wiki/Scurvy" title="Scurvy">scurvy</a> broke out – first among the Iroquoians, and then among the French. Cartier estimated the number of dead Iroquoians at 50. On a visit by Domagaya to the French fort, Cartier inquired and learned from him that a concoction made from a tree known as <a href="/wiki/Aneda" title="Aneda">annedda</a>, probably <a href="/wiki/Spruce_beer" title="Spruce beer">Spruce beer</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <i><a href="/wiki/Thuja_occidentalis" title="Thuja occidentalis">arbor vitae</a></i>, would cure scurvy. This remedy likely saved the expedition from destruction, allowing 85 Frenchmen to survive the winter. In his journal, Cartier states that by mid-February, "out of 110 that we were, not ten were well enough to help the others, a pitiful thing to see". The Frenchmen used up the bark of an entire tree in a week on the cure, and the dramatic results prompted Cartier to proclaim it a Godsend, and a miracle.<sup id="cite_ref-Chronicals_of_America_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chronicals_of_America-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Biggar_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biggar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Ready to return to France in early May 1536, Cartier decided to kidnap Chief Donnacona and take him to France,<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> so that he might personally tell the tale of a country further north, called the "<a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Saguenay" title="Kingdom of Saguenay">Kingdom of Saguenay</a>", said to be full of gold, rubies and other treasures. After an arduous trip down the St. Lawrence and a three-week Atlantic crossing, Cartier and his men arrived in Saint-Malo on July 15, 1536, concluding the second, 14-month voyage, which was to be Cartier's most profitable.<sup id="cite_ref-Biggar_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Biggar-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Third_voyage_(1541–1542)"><span id="Third_voyage_.281541.E2.80.931542.29"></span>Third voyage (1541–1542)</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg/320px-Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg" decoding="async" width="320" height="267" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg/480px-Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b0/Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg/640px-Dauphin_Map_of_Canada_-_circa_1543_-_Project_Gutenberg_etext_20110.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1198" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>The <i>Dauphin Map</i> of Canada, c. 1543, showing Cartier's discoveries. Newfoundland is near the upper right; Florida and the Bahamas are at lower left</figcaption></figure> <p>On October 17, 1540, Francis ordered the navigator Jacques Cartier to return to Canada to lend weight to a colonization project of which he would be "captain general". However, January 15, 1541, saw Cartier supplanted by <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval">Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> courtier and friend of the king named as the first <a href="/wiki/Lieutenant_General_of_New_France" title="Lieutenant General of New France">lieutenant general of French Canada</a>. Roberval was to lead the expedition, with Cartier as his chief navigator. While Roberval waited for artillery and supplies, he gave permission to Cartier to sail on ahead with his ships.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On May 23, 1541, Cartier departed Saint-Malo on his third voyage with five ships. This time, any thought of finding a passage to the Orient was forgotten. The goals were now to find the "Kingdom of Saguenay" and its riches, and to establish a permanent settlement along the St. Lawrence River.<sup id="cite_ref-American_Journeys_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Journeys-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Anchoring at Stadacona, Cartier again met the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_Iroquoians" title="St. Lawrence Iroquoians">Iroquoians</a>, but found their "show of joy" and their numbers worrisome, and decided not to build his settlement there. Sailing a few kilometres upriver to a spot he had previously observed, he decided to settle on the site of present-day <a href="/wiki/Cap-Rouge,_Quebec_City" title="Cap-Rouge, Quebec City">Cap-Rouge</a>, Quebec. The convicts and other colonists were landed, the cattle that had survived three months aboard ship were turned loose, earth was broken for a kitchen garden, and seeds of cabbage, turnip, and lettuce were planted. A fortified settlement was thus created and was named <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg-Royal" title="Charlesbourg-Royal">Charlesbourg-Royal</a>. Another fort was also built on the cliff overlooking the settlement, for added protection. </p><p>The men also began collecting what they believed to be diamonds and gold, but which upon return to France were discovered to be merely quartz crystals and <a href="/wiki/Iron_pyrites" class="mw-redirect" title="Iron pyrites">iron pyrites</a>, respectively—which gave rise to a French expression: "<i>faux comme les diamants du Canada</i>" ("As false as Canadian diamonds"). Two of the ships were sent on their journey home with some of these minerals on September 2.<sup id="cite_ref-American_Journeys_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-American_Journeys-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Having set tasks for everyone, Cartier left with the longboats for a reconnaissance in search of "Saguenay" on September 7. Having reached Hochelaga, he was prevented by bad weather and the numerous rapids from continuing up to the <a href="/wiki/Ottawa_River" title="Ottawa River">Ottawa River</a>. </p><p>Returning to Charlesbourg-Royal, Cartier found the situation ominous. The Iroquoians no longer made friendly visits or peddled fish and game, but prowled about in a sinister manner. No records exist about the winter of 1541–1542 and the information must be gleaned from the few details provided by returning sailors. It seems the natives attacked and killed about 35 settlers before the Frenchmen could retreat behind their fortifications. Even though scurvy was cured through the native remedy (<a href="/wiki/Thuja_occidentalis" title="Thuja occidentalis">Thuja occidentalis</a> infusion), the impression left is of a general misery, and of Cartier's growing conviction that he had insufficient manpower either to protect his base or to go in search of the Saguenay Kingdom. </p><p>Cartier left for France in early June 1542, encountering Roberval and his ships along the Newfoundland coast, at about the time Roberval marooned <a href="/wiki/Marguerite_de_La_Rocque" title="Marguerite de La Rocque">Marguerite de La Rocque</a>. Despite Roberval's insistence that he accompany him back to Saguenay, Cartier slipped off under the cover of darkness and continued on to France, still convinced his vessels contained a wealth of gold and diamonds. He arrived there in October, in what proved to be his last voyage. Meanwhile, Roberval took command at Charlesbourg-Royal, but it was abandoned in 1543 after disease, foul weather and hostile natives drove the would-be settlers to despair.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Later_life">Later life</h2></div> <p>Cartier spent the rest of his life in Saint-Malo and his nearby estate, where he often was useful as an interpreter in Portuguese. He died at age 65 on September 1, 1557, during an epidemic,<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> possibly of <a href="/wiki/Typhus" title="Typhus">typhus</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> though many sources list his cause of death as unknown. Cartier is interred in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo_Cathedral" title="Saint-Malo Cathedral">Saint-Malo Cathedral</a>. </p><p>No permanent European settlements were made in Canada before 1605, when <a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dugua,_Sieur_de_Mons" title="Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons">Pierre Dugua</a>, with <a href="/wiki/Samuel_Champlain" class="mw-redirect" title="Samuel Champlain">Samuel Champlain</a>, founded <a href="/wiki/Port-Royal_(Acadia)" title="Port-Royal (Acadia)">Port Royal</a> in <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-More_citations_needed plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Refimprove" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Jacques_Cartier" title="Special:EditPage/Jacques Cartier">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a> in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Jacques+Cartier%22">"Jacques Cartier"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Jacques+Cartier%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Jacques+Cartier%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Jacques+Cartier%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Jacques+Cartier%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Jacques+Cartier%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">September 2017</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg/220px-Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg/330px-Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1d/Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg/440px-Canada_Cartier_1908_issue-20c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="944" data-file-height="660" /></a><figcaption>The Fleet of Cartier was commemorated on a 1908 Canadian postage stamp.</figcaption></figure> <p>Having already located the entrance to the St. Lawrence on his first voyage, he now opened up the greatest waterway for the European penetration of North America. He produced an intelligent estimate of the resources of Canada, both natural and human, albeit with a considerable exaggeration of its mineral wealth. While some of his actions toward the St. Lawrence Iroquoians were dishonourable, he did try at times to establish friendship with them and other native peoples living along the St. Lawrence River—an indispensable preliminary to French settlement in their lands. </p><p>Cartier was the first to document the name <a href="/wiki/Canada%27s_name" class="mw-redirect" title="Canada's name">Canada</a> to designate the territory on the shores of the St-Lawrence River. The name is derived from the <a href="/wiki/Wyandot_people" title="Wyandot people">Huron</a>–<a href="/wiki/Iroquois" title="Iroquois">Iroquois</a> word <span title="Laurentian-language text"><i lang="lre" style="font-size: 90%;">kanata</i></span>, or village, which was incorrectly interpreted as the native term for the newly discovered land.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Cartier used the name to describe Stadacona, the surrounding land and the river itself. And Cartier named <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Canadiens</i></span> the inhabitants (<a href="/wiki/Iroquoian" class="mw-redirect" title="Iroquoian">Iroquoians</a>) he had seen there. Thereafter the name Canada was used to designate the small French colony on these shores, and the French colonists were called <span title="French-language text"><i lang="fr">Canadiens</i></span> until the mid-nineteenth century, when the name started to be applied to the loyalist colonies on <a href="/wiki/Great_Lakes" title="Great Lakes">the Great Lakes</a> and later to all of <a href="/wiki/British_North_America" title="British North America">British North America</a>. In this way Cartier is not strictly the European discoverer of Canada as this country is understood today, a vast federation stretching <span title="Latin-language text"><i lang="la"><a href="/wiki/A_mari_usque_ad_mare" title="A mari usque ad mare">a mari usque ad mare</a></i></span> (from sea to sea). Eastern parts had previously been visited by the Norse, as well as Basque, Galician and Breton fishermen, and perhaps the <a href="/wiki/Corte-Real_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Corte-Real (disambiguation)">Corte-Real</a> brothers and <a href="/wiki/John_Cabot" title="John Cabot">John Cabot</a> (in addition of course to the natives who first inhabited the territory). Cartier's particular contribution to the discovery of Canada is as the first European to penetrate the continent, and more precisely the interior eastern region along the St. Lawrence River. His explorations consolidated France's claim of the territory that would later be colonized as <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a>, and his third voyage produced the first documented European attempt at settling North America since that of <a href="/wiki/Lucas_V%C3%A1zquez_de_Ayll%C3%B3n" title="Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón">Lucas Vázquez de Ayllón</a> in 1526–27. </p><p>Cartier's professional abilities can be easily ascertained. Considering that Cartier made three voyages of exploration in dangerous and hitherto unknown waters without losing a ship, and that he entered and departed some 50 undiscovered harbours without serious mishap, he may be considered one of the most conscientious explorers of the period. </p><p>Cartier was also one of the first to formally acknowledge that the New World was a land mass separate from Europe/Asia. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rediscovery_of_Cartier's_first_colony"><span id="Rediscovery_of_Cartier.27s_first_colony"></span>Rediscovery of Cartier's first colony</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qu%C3%A9bec,_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg/220px-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg/330px-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/10/Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg/440px-Qu%C3%A9bec%2C_Jacques_Cartier4.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2304" /></a><figcaption>Plaque on the statue of Jacques Cartier in front of the Gabrielle-Roy public library, in the Saint-Roch neighbourhood of Quebec City.</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 18, 2006, Quebec Premier <a href="/wiki/Jean_Charest" title="Jean Charest">Jean Charest</a> announced that Canadian archaeologists had discovered the precise location of Cartier's lost first colony of <a href="/wiki/Charlesbourg-Royal" title="Charlesbourg-Royal">Charlesbourg-Royal</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-rediscovery_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rediscovery-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The colony was built at the confluence of the <a href="/wiki/Rivi%C3%A8re_du_Cap_Rouge" title="Rivière du Cap Rouge">Rivière du Cap Rouge</a> with the St. Lawrence River and is based on the discovery of burnt wooden timber remains that have been dated to the mid-16th century, and a <a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Site_arch%C3%A9ologique_Cartier-Roberval" class="extiw" title="fr:Site archéologique Cartier-Roberval">fragment of a decorative Istoriato plate</a> manufactured in <a href="/wiki/Faenza" title="Faenza">Faenza</a>, Italy, between 1540 and 1550, that could only have belonged to a member of the French aristocracy in the colony. Most probably this was the <a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_la_Roque_de_Roberval" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-François de la Roque de Roberval">Sieur de Roberval</a>, who replaced Cartier as the leader of the settlement.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This colony was the first known European settlement in modern-day Canada since the c. 1000 <a href="/wiki/L%27Anse_aux_Meadows" title="L'Anse aux Meadows">L'Anse aux Meadows</a> Viking village in northern <a href="/wiki/Newfoundland" class="mw-redirect" title="Newfoundland">Newfoundland</a>. Its rediscovery has been hailed by archaeologists as the most important find in Canada since the L'Anse aux Meadows rediscovery.<sup id="cite_ref-rediscovery_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-rediscovery-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ships">Ships</h2></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg/220px-Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="283" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg/330px-Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/26/Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg/440px-Jacques_Cartier_1934_issue-3c.jpg 2x" data-file-width="576" data-file-height="742" /></a><figcaption>Jacques Cartier on a 1934 Canadian postage stamp</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Grande_Hermine" title="Grande Hermine">Grande Hermine</a></i> <ul><li>Built: France 1534; given in 1535 to Cartier by the King of France; used in the 1535–1536 and 1541–1542 voyages; replica 1967 built for <a href="/wiki/Expo_67" title="Expo 67">Expo 67</a> in Montréal; abandoned in 2001 from <a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles_River_(Quebec_City)" title="Saint-Charles River (Quebec City)">Saint-Charles River</a> (<a href="/wiki/Qu%C3%A9bec_City" class="mw-redirect" title="Québec City">Québec City</a>)</li></ul></li> <li><i>Petite Hermine</i> <ul><li>Built: France; used in the 1535–1536 voyage and abandoned in 1536 springtime by Cartier in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Charles_River_(Quebec_City)" title="Saint-Charles River (Quebec City)">Saint-Charles River</a> because too many of his sailors died in Québec City during last wintertime</li></ul></li> <li><i>Émérillon</i> <ul><li>Built: France; used in the 1535–1536 and 1541–1542 voyages</li></ul></li> <li><i>Georges</i> (1541–1542) <ul><li>Built: France; used in the 1541–1542 voyage</li></ul></li> <li><i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Saint-Brieux&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Saint-Brieux (page does not exist)">Saint-Brieux</a></i> <ul><li>Built: France; used in the 1541–1542 voyage</li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Monuments,_remembrances_and_other_art"><span id="Monuments.2C_remembrances_and_other_art"></span>Monuments, remembrances and other art</h2></div> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:JacquesCartier.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JacquesCartier.jpg/250px-JacquesCartier.jpg" decoding="async" width="250" height="333" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1b/JacquesCartier.jpg/375px-JacquesCartier.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/1/1b/JacquesCartier.jpg 2x" data-file-width="423" data-file-height="564" /></a><figcaption>Jacques Cartier Monument in Saint-Malo</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg/220px-CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg/330px-CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg/440px-CroixJacquesCartier1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="562" data-file-height="750" /></a><figcaption>Croix Jacques Cartier on <a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin_Island" title="Saint-Quentin Island">Saint-Quentin Island</a></figcaption></figure> <p>Jacques Cartier Island, located on the tip of the <a href="/wiki/Great_Northern_Peninsula" title="Great Northern Peninsula">Great Northern Peninsula</a> in Newfoundland and Labrador in the town of <a href="/wiki/Quirpon,_Newfoundland_and_Labrador" class="mw-redirect" title="Quirpon, Newfoundland and Labrador">Quirpon</a>, is said to have been named by Jacques Cartier himself on one of his voyages through the <a href="/wiki/Strait_of_Belle_Isle" title="Strait of Belle Isle">Strait of Belle Isle</a> during the 1530s. </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques-Cartier_River" title="Jacques-Cartier River">Jacques-Cartier River</a>, a tributary at <a href="/wiki/Donnacona,_Quebec" title="Donnacona, Quebec">Donnacona, Quebec</a> of the <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_River" title="St. Lawrence River">St. Lawrence River</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Jacques Cartier Park">Jacques Cartier Park</a> in <a href="/wiki/Gatineau,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Gatineau, Quebec">Gatineau, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Bridge" title="Jacques Cartier Bridge">Jacques Cartier Bridge</a>, a steel-truss bridge between Montreal and <a href="/wiki/Longueil,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Longueil, Quebec">Longueil, Quebec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Provincial_Park" title="Jacques Cartier Provincial Park">Jacques Cartier Provincial Park</a>, located 5 km east of <a href="/wiki/Alberton,_Prince_Edward_Island" title="Alberton, Prince Edward Island">Alberton, PEI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_State_Park" title="Jacques Cartier State Park">Jacques-Cartier State Park</a>, in <a href="/wiki/St._Lawrence_County,_New_York" title="St. Lawrence County, New York">St. Lawrence County, New York</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Place_Jacques-Cartier" title="Place Jacques-Cartier">Place Jacques-Cartier</a>, a square in Old Montreal</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cartier_Pavilion&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cartier Pavilion (page does not exist)">Cartier Pavilion</a>, built in 1955, at <a href="/wiki/Royal_Military_College_Saint-Jean" title="Royal Military College Saint-Jean">Royal Military College Saint-Jean</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_Cartier_Monument_(Harrington_Island,_Quebec)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques Cartier Monument (Harrington Island, Quebec) (page does not exist)">Jacques Cartier Monument</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Harrington_Harbour,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Harrington Harbour, Quebec">Harrington Harbour, Quebec</a></li> <li>The province of <a href="/wiki/National_Assembly_of_Quebec" title="National Assembly of Quebec">Quebec's Parliament Building</a> tower, which was built between 1877 and 1886 by <a href="/wiki/Eug%C3%A8ne-%C3%89tienne_Tach%C3%A9" title="Eugène-Étienne Taché">Eugène-Étienne Taché</a>, is dedicated to Cartier</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ch%C3%A2teaux_in_Brittany" title="List of châteaux in Brittany">Manoir de Limoelou</a>, Saint-Malo houses the <a href="/w/index.php?title=Musee_Jacques_Cartier&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Musee Jacques Cartier (page does not exist)">Musee Jacques Cartier</a></li> <li>plaque at Saint-Malo cathedral<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cartier-Br%C3%A9beuf_National_Historic_Site#Elements_on_the_Site" title="Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site">Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/Quebec_City" title="Quebec City">Quebec City</a></li> <li>Statuary <ul><li>at his birthplace, <a href="/wiki/Roth%C3%A9neuf" title="Rothéneuf">Rothéneuf</a></li> <li>Quebec City, in front of Gabrielle-Roy public library</li> <li>at <a href="/wiki/Palais_de_la_D%C3%A9couverte" title="Palais de la Découverte">Palais de la Découverte</a>, Paris</li> <li>by <a href="/w/index.php?title=Joseph-Arthur_Vincent&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Joseph-Arthur Vincent (page does not exist)">Joseph-Arthur Vincent</a> in Montreal: Place Jacques-Cartier<sup id="cite_ref-af_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>bronze at PEI's Jacques Cartier Provincial Park</li> <li>cast iron sculptures at <a href="/wiki/Gaspe,_Quebec" class="mw-redirect" title="Gaspe, Quebec">Gaspe, Quebec</a><sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>cross monument at Gaspe, Quebec<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>cross monument at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Quentin_Island" title="Saint-Quentin Island">Saint-Quentin Island</a> near <a href="/wiki/Trois-Rivi%C3%A8res" title="Trois-Rivières">Trois-Rivières</a> Quebec</li> <li>by <a href="/wiki/Joseph-%C3%89mile_Brunet" title="Joseph-Émile Brunet">Joseph-Émile Brunet</a></li> <li>in <a href="/wiki/Saint-Malo" title="Saint-Malo">Saint-Malo</a></li></ul></li> <li>Paintings <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Charles_Walter_Simpson_(Canadian_artist)" title="Charles Walter Simpson (Canadian artist)">Charles Walter Simpson</a>, <i>Saint-Malo, April 1534</i><sup id="cite_ref-af_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>C.W. Simpson, <i>Jacques Cartier at Gaspé, 1534</i><sup id="cite_ref-beg_43-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beg-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Antoine_Th%C3%A9odore_de_Gudin" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean Antoine Théodore de Gudin">Jean Antoine Théodore de Gudin</a>, <i>Jacques Cartier découvre et remonte le fleuve Saint-Laurent au Canada en 1535</i><sup id="cite_ref-beg_43-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beg-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Walter_Baker_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Walter Baker (artist) (page does not exist)">Walter Baker</a>, <i>The Arrival of Cartier at Stadacona, 1535</i><sup id="cite_ref-af_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-af-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lawrence_R._Batchelor&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lawrence R. Batchelor (page does not exist)">Lawrence R. Batchelor</a>, <i> Jacques Cartier at Hochelaga (Montreal)</i><sup id="cite_ref-beg_43-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beg-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adrien_H%C3%A9bert" title="Adrien Hébert">Adrien Hébert</a>, <i>Jacques Cartier atterit à Hochelaga en 1535</i><sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Lucien_Boudot&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lucien Boudot (page does not exist)">Lucien Boudot</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fernand_Cerceau&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Fernand Cerceau (page does not exist)">Fernand Cerceau</a>, <i>Jacques Cartier est reçu par le chef Agouhana</i><sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Alfred_Faniel&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Alfred Faniel (page does not exist)">Alfred Faniel</a>, <i>Jacques Cartier sur le sommet du mont Royal</i><sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Frank_Craig_(artist)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Frank Craig (artist) (page does not exist)">Frank Craig</a>, <i>Jacques Cartier Relating the Story of His Discovery to Francis I at Fontainebleau</i><sup id="cite_ref-beg_43-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beg-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Walter Baker, <i>Jacques Cartier's Return to Stadacona, 1541</i><sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Th%C3%A9ophile_Hamel" title="Théophile Hamel">Théophile Hamel</a>, <i>Portrait imaginaire de Jacques Cartier</i> (reproduced on many stamps)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=L%C3%A9opold_Massard&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Léopold Massard (page does not exist)">Léopold Massard</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=De_Clugny&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="De Clugny (page does not exist)">de Clugny</a>, <i>Jacques Cartier Navigateur</i><sup id="cite_ref-49" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-49"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Auguste_Lemoine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Auguste Lemoine (page does not exist)">Auguste Lemoine</a> (1895) after <a href="/w/index.php?title=Fran%C3%A7ois_Riss&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="François Riss (page does not exist)">François Riss</a>, <i>Portrait of Jacques Cartier</i> (Musée d'Histoire de Saint-Malo)<sup id="cite_ref-50" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-50"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>49<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_William_Jefferys" title="Charles William Jefferys">Charles William Jefferys</a>, <i>Cartier meets the Indians of the St. Lawrence, 1535</i><sup id="cite_ref-beg_43-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-beg-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napoleon_Sarony" title="Napoleon Sarony">Napoleon Sarony</a> (<abbr title="circa">c.</abbr><span style="white-space:nowrap;"> 1850</span>) <i>Jacques Cartier – His First Interview with the Indians at Hochelaga</i><sup id="cite_ref-51" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-51"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>50<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul-%C3%89mile_Borduas" title="Paul-Émile Borduas">Paul-Émile Borduas</a>, <i>Les voyages de Jacques Cartier au Canada en 1534 et 1535</i><sup id="cite_ref-52" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-52"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>51<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li> <li>Paul-Émile Borduas, <i>Plan d'Hochelaga par Jacques Cartier en 1535</i><sup id="cite_ref-53" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-53"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>52<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Popular_references">Popular references</h2></div> <p>The Banque Jacques-Cartier existed, and printed banknotes, between 1861 and 1899 in <a href="/wiki/Lower_Canada" title="Lower Canada">Lower Canada</a>, then Quebec. It was folded into the Banque provinciale du Canada, and later still the <a href="/wiki/National_Bank_of_Canada" title="National Bank of Canada">National Bank of Canada</a>. </p><p>In 2005, Cartier's <i><a href="/wiki/Bref_r%C3%A9cit" title="Bref récit">Bref récit et succincte narration de la navigation faite en MDXXXV et MDXXXVI</a></i> was named one of the 100 most important books in Canadian history by the <i><a href="/wiki/Literary_Review_of_Canada" title="Literary Review of Canada">Literary Review of Canada</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-54" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-54"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>53<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Canadian rock band <a href="/wiki/The_Tragically_Hip" title="The Tragically Hip">The Tragically Hip</a> reference Jacques Cartier in their 1992 song "<a href="/wiki/Fully_Completely" title="Fully Completely">Looking for a Place to Happen</a>". The song deals with the subject of European encroachment in the <a href="/wiki/New_World" title="New World">New World</a> and the eventual annexation of indigenous lands in North America.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_55-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-55"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>54<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/32px-Flag_of_France.svg.png" decoding="async" width="32" height="21" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/48px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/c/c3/Flag_of_France.svg/64px-Flag_of_France.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:France" title="Portal:France">France portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="map" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/28px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/42px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/1a/North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/56px-North_America_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:North_America" title="Portal:North America">North America portal</a></span></li><li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/31px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="31" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/47px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/62px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Cartier_Strait" title="Jacques Cartier Strait">Jacques Cartier strait</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_St._Lawrence" title="Gulf of St. Lawrence">Gulf of St. Lawrence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francis_I_of_France" title="Francis I of France">Francis I of France</a>, send Jacques Cartier and others claimed lands in the <a href="/wiki/Americas" title="Americas">Americas</a> for <a href="/wiki/France" title="France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_New_France_history_(1534_to_1607)" class="mw-redirect" title="Timeline of New France history (1534 to 1607)">Timeline of New France history (1534 to 1607)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Columbus" title="Christopher Columbus">Christopher Columbus</a></li></ul> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Pronunciation: <div><ul><li><span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1177148991">.mw-parser-output .IPA-label-small{font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .references .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .infobox .IPA-label-small,.mw-parser-output .navbox .IPA-label-small{font-size:100%}</style><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/British_English" title="British English">UK</a>: </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAR</span>-tee-ay</i></a>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/American_English" title="American English">US</a> also </span><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ˌ/: secondary stress follows">ˌ</span><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/i/: 'y' in 'happy'">i</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="'k' in 'kind'">k</span><span title="/ɑːr/: 'ar' in 'far'">ɑːr</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/j/: 'y' in 'yes'">j</span><span title="/eɪ/: 'a' in 'face'">eɪ</span></span>/</a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Help:Pronunciation_respelling_key" title="Help:Pronunciation respelling key"><i title="English pronunciation respelling"><span style="font-size:90%">KAR</span>-tee-<span style="font-size:90%">AY</span>, kar-<span style="font-size:90%">TYAY</span></i></a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small">French:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/French" title="Help:IPA/French">[ʒak<span class="wrap"> </span>kaʁtje]</a></span>, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1177148991" /><span class="IPA-label IPA-label-small"><a href="/wiki/Quebec_French" title="Quebec French">Quebec French</a>:</span> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="fr-Latn-CA-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA" title="Help:IPA">[-<span class="wrap"> </span>kaʁt͡sje]</a></span>.</li></ul></div></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626" /><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWells2008" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_C._Wells" title="John C. Wells">Wells, John C.</a> (2008). <i>Longman Pronunciation Dictionary</i> (3rd ed.). Longman. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4058-8118-0"><bdi>978-1-4058-8118-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Longman+Pronunciation+Dictionary&rft.edition=3rd&rft.pub=Longman&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-1-4058-8118-0&rft.aulast=Wells&rft.aufirst=John+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJones2011" class="citation cs1"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2011). <a href="/wiki/Peter_Roach_(phonetician)" title="Peter Roach (phonetician)">Roach, Peter</a>; <a href="/wiki/Jane_Setter" title="Jane Setter">Setter, Jane</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Esling" title="John Esling">Esling, John</a> (eds.). <i><a href="/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary" title="English Pronouncing Dictionary">Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary</a></i> (18th ed.). Cambridge University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-521-15255-6"><bdi>978-0-521-15255-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cambridge+English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.edition=18th&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-0-521-15255-6&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">His maps are lost but referenced in a letter by his nephew Jacques Noël, dated 1587 and printed by <a href="/wiki/Richard_Hakluyt" title="Richard Hakluyt">Richard Hakluyt</a> with the <i>Relation</i> of Cartier's third voyage, in <i>The Principall Navigations</i> [...], London, G. Bishop, 1600.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-CanEn-Cartier-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-CanEn-Cartier_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrudel" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Trudel, Marcel. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/jacques-cartier">"Cartier, Jacques"</a>. <i>The Canadian Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 August</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cartier%2C+Jacques&rft.btitle=The+Canadian+Encyclopedia&rft.aulast=Trudel&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fjacques-cartier&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span> <small>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tertiary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tertiary sources">tertiary source</a> reuses information from other sources but does not name them.</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EB-Cartier-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EB-Cartier_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/97444">Jacques Cartier</a> at the <i><a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a></i>. <small>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tertiary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tertiary sources">tertiary source</a> reuses information from other sources but does not name them.</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Histori.ca-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Histori.ca_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.histori.ca/minutes/minute.do?id=10123">"Exploration – Jacques Cartier"</a>. The Historica Dominion Institute<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Exploration+%E2%80%93+Jacques+Cartier&rft.pub=The+Historica+Dominion+Institute&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.histori.ca%2Fminutes%2Fminute.do%3Fid%3D10123&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Catholic-Cartier-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Catholic-Cartier_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newadvent.org/cathen/03392b.htm">"Jacques Cartier"</a>. <i>The Catholic Encyclopedia</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 November</span> 2009</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Jacques+Cartier&rft.btitle=The+Catholic+Encyclopedia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newadvent.org%2Fcathen%2F03392b.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span> <small>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tertiary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tertiary sources">tertiary source</a> reuses information from other sources but does not name them.</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">No baptismal certificate has been found, but Cartier stated his age in at least three letters. See Marcel Trudel, <i>Histoire de la Nouvelle-France</i>, Fides, vol. 1, p. 68.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Alan Axelrod. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Cdu0uWIe9rMC&pg=PA30">A Savage Empire: Trappers, Traders, Tribes, and the Wars That Made America</a>. Macmillan, 2011; p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Biggar, H.P. (1930) <i>A Collection of Documents relating to Jacques Cartier and the Sieur de Roberval</i>, Ottawa, Public Archives of Canada. Over 20 baptisms cited.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="/wiki/Gustave_Lanct%C3%B4t" class="mw-redirect" title="Gustave Lanctôt">Gustave Lanctôt</a> observed that Cartier was absent from Saint-Malo's registers at the time and that his first voyage in 1534 arrived at the very place in Newfoundland where Verrazzano's explorations had ended ten years prior; Lanctôt surmised that Cartier had accompanied Verrazzano on that voyage. This was dismissed as conjecture by <a href="/wiki/Marcel_Trudel" title="Marcel Trudel">Marcel Trudel</a>, who noted that Cartier's <i>Relations</i> are devoid of any reference to such an experience. See Trudel, <i>Histoire de la Nouvelle-France</i>, vol. 1, 1966, p. 58–60.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Baron de La Chapelle, « Jean Le Veneur et le Canada », Nova Francia, vol. 6, 1931, pp. 341–343, quoting a genealogical work made in 1723 for the Le Veneur family. After his final trip, he said he would never search again.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-The_Explorers_Jacques_Cartier_1534-1542-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-The_Explorers_Jacques_Cartier_1534-1542_14-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.museedelhistoire.ca/musee-virtuel-de-la-nouvelle-france/les-explorateurs/jacques-cartier-1534-1542/">"The Explorers Jacques Cartier 1534-1542"</a>. Canadian Museum of History<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">6 September</span> 2024</span>. <q>Jacques Cartier was a sufficiently experienced navigator to be asked by Francis I to undertake the official exploration of North America. There is no doubt that he was already familiar with the sea route that he took in 1534</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=The+Explorers+Jacques+Cartier+1534-1542&rft.pub=Canadian+Museum+of+History&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.museedelhistoire.ca%2Fmusee-virtuel-de-la-nouvelle-france%2Fles-explorateurs%2Fjacques-cartier-1534-1542%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTracy,_Frank_Basil1908" class="citation book cs1">Tracy, Frank Basil (1908). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/tercentenaryhis01trac#page/24/mode/2up"><i>The Tercentenary History of Canada</i></a>. New York, Toronto: P.F. Collier & Sons.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Tercentenary+History+of+Canada&rft.place=New+York%2C+Toronto&rft.pub=P.F.+Collier+%26+Sons&rft.date=1908&rft.au=Tracy%2C+Frank+Basil&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fstream%2Ftercentenaryhis01trac%23page%2F24%2Fmode%2F2up&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJ._P._B.1901" class="citation journal cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">J. P. B. (25 May 1901). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/s9-vii.178.409a">"Jacques Cartier's Voyage Of 1534"</a>. <i>Notes and Queries</i>. s9-VII (178): <span class="nowrap">409–</span>409. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1093%2Fnq%2Fs9-vii.178.409a">10.1093/nq/s9-vii.178.409a</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1471-6941">1471-6941</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Notes+and+Queries&rft.atitle=Jacques+Cartier%27s+Voyage+Of+1534&rft.volume=s9-VII&rft.issue=178&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E409-%3C%2Fspan%3E409&rft.date=1901-05-25&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1093%2Fnq%2Fs9-vii.178.409a&rft.issn=1471-6941&rft.au=J.+P.+B.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdx.doi.org%2F10.1093%2Fnq%2Fs9-vii.178.409a&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSeed1995" class="citation book cs1">Seed, Patricia (1995). <i>Ceremonies of Possession in Europe's Conquest of the New World: 1492–1640</i>. Cambridge University Press. p. 56.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ceremonies+of+Possession+in+Europe%27s+Conquest+of+the+New+World%3A+1492%E2%80%931640&rft.pages=56&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1995&rft.aulast=Seed&rft.aufirst=Patricia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-18">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Some accounts make this captain to be Donnacona himself, the ruler at Stadacona, e.g. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002354">the <i>Canadian Encyclopedia</i></a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20111129032131/http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0002354">Archived</a> 29 November 2011 at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>, but this does not seem possible from Cartier's firsthand accounts. Other sources show that Donnacona let his sons go willingly, along with some corn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.worldbookonline.com/advanced/article?id=ar097600&st=jacques+cartier">the <i>World Book Online Encyclopedia</i></a> <small>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Tertiary_sources" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Tertiary sources">tertiary source</a> reuses information from other sources but does not name them.</small></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrudel1979" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1 cs1-prop-long-vol">Trudel, Marcel (1979) [1966]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.biographi.ca/en/bio/cartier_jacques_1491_1557_1E.html">"Cartier, Jacques"</a>. In Brown, George Williams (ed.). <i><a href="/wiki/Dictionary_of_Canadian_Biography" title="Dictionary of Canadian Biography">Dictionary of Canadian Biography</a></i>. Vol. I (1000–1700) (online ed.). <a href="/wiki/University_of_Toronto_Press" title="University of Toronto Press">University of Toronto Press</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Cartier%2C+Jacques&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+Canadian+Biography&rft.edition=online&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1979&rft.aulast=Trudel&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biographi.ca%2Fen%2Fbio%2Fcartier_jacques_1491_1557_1E.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external free" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stadacona">https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/stadacona</a> <sup class="noprint Inline-Template" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Bare_URLs" title="Wikipedia:Bare URLs"><span title="A full citation is required to prevent link rot. (August 2024)">bare URL</span></a></i>]</sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDenham_et_al.,_Leonard,_McTighe,_Shanahan2014" class="citation book cs1">Denham et al., Leonard, McTighe, Shanahan, James, M.C. Bob, Jay, Timothy (2014). <i>United States Early Years</i>. McGraw-Hill Education. p. 94. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-02-138478-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-02-138478-5"><bdi>978-0-02-138478-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=United+States+Early+Years&rft.pages=94&rft.pub=McGraw-Hill+Education&rft.date=2014&rft.isbn=978-0-02-138478-5&rft.aulast=Denham+et+al.%2C+Leonard%2C+McTighe%2C+Shanahan&rft.aufirst=James%2C+M.C.+Bob%2C+Jay%2C+Timothy&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_book" title="Template:Cite book">cite book</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_multiple_names:_authors_list" title="Category:CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list">link</a>)</span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chronicals_of_America-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicals_of_America_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chronicals_of_America_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.chroniclesofamerica.com/french/jacques_cartier_voyages.htm">"Jacques Cartier's Voyages"</a>. Chronicles of America. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Cartier%27s+Voyages&rft.pub=Chronicles+of+America&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.chroniclesofamerica.com%2Ffrench%2Fjacques_cartier_voyages.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://bibliotecadigital.rah.es/dgbrah/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=12987">Carta del curso del río de San Lorenzo desde su desembocadura hasta el lago de Golesme</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120708163653/http://bibliotecadigital.rah.es/dgbrah/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=12987">Archived</a> July 8, 2012, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>. Bibliotecadigital.rah.es</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEbberts2015" class="citation web cs1">Ebberts, Derek (9 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mhs.mb.ca/docs/mb_history/54/beerincanada.shtml">"To Brew or Not to Brew: A Brief History of Beer in Canada"</a>. <i>Manitoba Historical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 January</span> 2017</span>. <q>Jacques Cartier and his crew could well have died from scurvy had they not been shown how to make this brew</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Manitoba+Historical+Society&rft.atitle=To+Brew+or+Not+to+Brew%3A+A+Brief+History+of+Beer+in+Canada&rft.date=2015-03-09&rft.aulast=Ebberts&rft.aufirst=Derek&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.mhs.mb.ca%2Fdocs%2Fmb_history%2F54%2Fbeerincanada.shtml&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.win.tue.nl/c.">"Jacques Cartier"</a>. Eindhoven University. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Cartier&rft.pub=Eindhoven+University&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.win.tue.nl%2Fc.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span><sup class="noprint Inline-Template"><span style="white-space: nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Link_rot" title="Wikipedia:Link rot"><span title=" Dead link tagged January 2018">permanent dead link</span></a></i><span style="visibility:hidden; color:transparent; padding-left:2px">‍</span>]</span></sup></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Biggar-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Biggar_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Biggar_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Biggar, H.P. (1924) <i>The Voyages of Jacques Cartier</i>. Ottawa: Publications of the Public Archives of Canada. No. 11. p. 204</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFHildreth1871" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Hildreth" title="Richard Hildreth">Hildreth, Richard</a> (1871). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst25hildgoog"><i>The History of the United States of America</i></a>. Vol. 1. New York, Harper & Brothers. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyunitedst25hildgoog/page/n54">46</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+the+United+States+of+America&rft.pages=46&rft.pub=New+York%2C+Harper+%26+Brothers&rft.date=1871&rft.aulast=Hildreth&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryunitedst25hildgoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elizabethan-era.org.uk/jacques-cartier.htm">"Jacques Cartier, Short Biography (w/timeline)"</a>. Elizabethan Era. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Cartier%2C+Short+Biography+%28w%2Ftimeline%29&rft.pub=Elizabethan+Era&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elizabethan-era.org.uk%2Fjacques-cartier.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-American_Journeys-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-American_Journeys_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-American_Journeys_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americanjourneys.org/aj-028/summary/index.asp">"Cartier's Third Voyage to Canada, 1541–1542"</a>. American Journeys. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cartier%27s+Third+Voyage+to+Canada%2C+1541%E2%80%931542&rft.pub=American+Journeys&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.americanjourneys.org%2Faj-028%2Fsummary%2Findex.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110605114818/http://www3.sympatico.ca/goweezer/canada/z00cartier4.htm">"Jacques Cartier's Third Voyage – 1541, Settlement of Charlesbourg-Royal"</a>. Simpson Shack. 2010. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www3.sympatico.ca/goweezer/canada/z00cartier4.htm">the original</a> on 5 June 2011<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 October</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Jacques+Cartier%27s+Third+Voyage+%E2%80%93+1541%2C+Settlement+of+Charlesbourg-Royal&rft.pub=Simpson+Shack&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww3.sympatico.ca%2Fgoweezer%2Fcanada%2Fz00cartier4.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070302174732/http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/cartierbrebeuf/natcul/natcul2_e.asp">"Parks Canada – Cartier-Brébeuf National Historic Site of Canada – Natural Wonders & Cultural Treasures – Jacques Cartier, Explorer and Navigator"</a>. Pc.gc.ca. July 15, 2009. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.pc.gc.ca/lhn-nhs/qc/cartierbrebeuf/natcul/natcul2_e.asp">the original</a> on March 2, 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Parks+Canada+%E2%80%93+Cartier-Br%C3%A9beuf+National+Historic+Site+of+Canada+%E2%80%93+Natural+Wonders+%26+Cultural+Treasures+%E2%80%93+Jacques+Cartier%2C+Explorer+and+Navigator&rft.pub=Pc.gc.ca&rft.date=2009-07-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.pc.gc.ca%2Flhn-nhs%2Fqc%2Fcartierbrebeuf%2Fnatcul%2Fnatcul2_e.asp&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWalford,_Cornelius1874" class="citation book cs1">Walford, Cornelius (1874). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ROUhAQAAIAAJ&pg=PA277"><i>The insurance cyclopeadia</i></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+insurance+cyclopeadia&rft.date=1874&rft.au=Walford%2C+Cornelius&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DROUhAQAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA277&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/pierre-du-gua-de-monts">"Pierre Dugua de Mons"</a>. <i>www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 December</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca&rft.atitle=Pierre+Dugua+de+Mons&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fpierre-du-gua-de-monts&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">McMullen, J.M. (1855) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historycanadafr01mcmugoog"><i>The History of Canada: From Its First Discovery to the Present Time</i></a>. C. W., J. M'Mullen (no copyright in the United States), p. 7. No ISBN.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-rediscovery-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-rediscovery_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-rediscovery_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090130061926/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=edd7eac6-f566-4011-87d7-82becfc883a2&k=48975">"Pottery shard unearths North America's first French settlement"</a>. canada.com. 22 August 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=edd7eac6-f566-4011-87d7-82becfc883a2&k=48975">the original</a> on 30 January 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">13 March</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Pottery+shard+unearths+North+America%27s+first+French+settlement&rft.pub=canada.com&rft.date=2006-08-22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftopics%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3Dedd7eac6-f566-4011-87d7-82becfc883a2%26k%3D48975&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090825043455/http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=4978e603-f67e-4784-807d-7f3911c60829&k=27303">"Long-lost Jacques Cartier settlement rediscovered at Quebec City"</a>. canada.com. August 19, 2006. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.canada.com/topics/news/national/story.html?id=4978e603-f67e-4784-807d-7f3911c60829&k=27303">the original</a> on August 25, 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 13,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Long-lost+Jacques+Cartier+settlement+rediscovered+at+Quebec+City&rft.pub=canada.com&rft.date=2006-08-19&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.canada.com%2Ftopics%2Fnews%2Fnational%2Fstory.html%3Fid%3D4978e603-f67e-4784-807d-7f3911c60829%26k%3D27303&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musee-jacques-cartier.fr/en/contenu-article/index.php?id=70&p_p=42">muse-Jacques-cartier.fr: "The memory of Jacques Cartier"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-af-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-af_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-af_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-af_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20101119093843/http://www.ameriquefrancaise.org/en/article-307/Jacques_Cartier.html">ameriquefrancaise.org: article on "Jacques Cartier"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.mybis.net/itp/Montreal/html/sthenri81.php">"Montreal Neighborhoods: St Henri – Monuments</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160831152031/http://www.mybis.net/itp/Montreal/html/sthenri81.php">Archived</a> August 31, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-40">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/monument-a-jacques-cartier/">artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca: "Joseph-Arthur Vincent – Monument à Jacques Cartier – 1893"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084413/http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/monument-a-jacques-cartier/">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.shutterstock.com/pic-323719157/stock-photo-gaspe-quebec-canada-september-18-2009-cast-iron-sculptures-symbolize-the-scenes-of-the-historic-encounter-between-jacques-cartier-and-iroquois-in-july-1534.html">shutterstock.com: "Stock Photo: Gaspe, Quebec, Canada – September 18, 2009 : cast iron sculptures symbolize the scenes of the historic encounter between Jacques Cartier and Iroquois in July 1534"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028023810/http://pointeoharagaspe.ca/en/batiments/jacques-cartiers-cross-monument/">"pointeoharagaspe.ca: "Jacques-Cartier's Cross Monument"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://pointeoharagaspe.ca/en/batiments/jacques-cartiers-cross-monument/">the original</a> on 28 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=pointeoharagaspe.ca%3A+%22Jacques-Cartier%27s+Cross+Monument%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpointeoharagaspe.ca%2Fen%2Fbatiments%2Fjacques-cartiers-cross-monument%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-beg-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-beg_43-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beg_43-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beg_43-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beg_43-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-beg_43-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.begbiecontestsociety.org/NewFrance.htm">begbiecontestsociety.org: "New France – La Nouvelle France"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://declaration.net/project/conquerants">declaration.net: "the declaration of Conquerants"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083831/http://declaration.net/project/conquerants">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-45"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-45">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/jacques-cartier-atterit-a-hochelaga-en-1535/">artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca: "Adrien Hébert – Jacques Cartier atterit à Hochelaga en 1535"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028152037/http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/jacques-cartier-atterit-a-hochelaga-en-1535/">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-46"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-46">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/jacques-cartier-est-recu-par-le-chef-agouhana/">artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca: "Lucien Boudot, Fernand Cerceau – Jacques Cartier est reçu par le chef Agouhana"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028151915/http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/jacques-cartier-est-recu-par-le-chef-agouhana/">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-47"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-47">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/jacques-cartier-sur-le-sommet-du-mont-royal/">artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca: "Alfred Faniel – Jacques Cartier sur le sommet du mont Royal"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084246/http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/jacques-cartier-sur-le-sommet-du-mont-royal/">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150915084319/http://habitantheritage.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Baker_Walter.284104817.pdf">"habitantheritage.org: "Walter Baker – Compiled by Diane Wolford Sheppard"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://habitantheritage.org/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/Baker_Walter.284104817.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on September 15, 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=habitantheritage.org%3A+%22Walter+Baker+%E2%80%93+Compiled+by+Diane+Wolford+Sheppard%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fhabitantheritage.org%2Fyahoo_site_admin%2Fassets%2Fdocs%2FBaker_Walter.284104817.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-49"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-49">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140705100614/http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=2835981">"collectionscanada.ca: "Jacques Cartier – W.H. Coverdale collection of Canadiana"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collectionscanada.gc.ca/pam_archives/index.php?fuseaction=genitem.displayItem&lang=eng&rec_nbr=2835981">the original</a> on July 5, 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 27,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=collectionscanada.ca%3A+%22Jacques+Cartier+%E2%80%93+W.H.+Coverdale+collection+of+Canadiana%22&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollectionscanada.gc.ca%2Fpam_archives%2Findex.php%3Ffuseaction%3Dgenitem.displayItem%26lang%3Deng%26rec_nbr%3D2835981&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-50"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-50">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028083830/https://traveltoeat.com/jacques-cartier-verrazano-and-france-in-the-new-world/">"traveltoeat.com: "Jacques Cartier, Verrazano and France in the New World"<span class="cs1-kern-right"></span>"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://traveltoeat.com/jacques-cartier-verrazano-and-france-in-the-new-world/">the original</a> on 28 October 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 October</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=traveltoeat.com%3A+%22Jacques+Cartier%2C+Verrazano+and+France+in+the+New+World%22&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftraveltoeat.com%2Fjacques-cartier-verrazano-and-france-in-the-new-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-51"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-51">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.loc.gov/item/2003664061/">loc.gov: "Photos, Prints, Drawings – Jacques Cartier, his first interview with the Indians at Hochelaga now Montreal in 1535"</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-52"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-52">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/les-voyages-de-jacques-cartier-au-canada-en-1534-et-1535/">artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca: "Paul-Émile Borduas – Les voyages de Jacques Cartier au Canada en 1534 et 1535"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084343/http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/les-voyages-de-jacques-cartier-au-canada-en-1534-et-1535/">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-53"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-53">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/plan-dhochelaga-par-jacques-cartier-en-1535/">artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca: "Paul-Émile Borduas – Plan d'Hochelaga par Jacques Cartier en 1535"</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161028084347/http://artpublic.ville.montreal.qc.ca/oeuvre/plan-dhochelaga-par-jacques-cartier-en-1535/">Archived</a> October 28, 2016, at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-54"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-54">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/national/what-howie-meeker-and-atwood-have-in-common/article990239/?page=all">"What Howie Meeker and Atwood have in common"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Globe_and_Mail" title="The Globe and Mail">The Globe and Mail</a></i>, November 18, 2005.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-:3-55"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-:3_55-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180711043119/http://postcity.com/Eat-Shop-Do/Do/March-2015/Album-Review-A-look-back-at-The-Tragically-Hips-Fully-Completely/">"Album Review: A look back at The Tragically Hip's Fully Completely"</a>. <i>postcity.com</i>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://postcity.com/Eat-Shop-Do/Do/March-2015/Album-Review-A-look-back-at-The-Tragically-Hips-Fully-Completely/">the original</a> on 11 July 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 November</span> 2015</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=postcity.com&rft.atitle=Album+Review%3A+A+look+back+at+The+Tragically+Hip%27s+Fully+Completely&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpostcity.com%2FEat-Shop-Do%2FDo%2FMarch-2015%2FAlbum-Review-A-look-back-at-The-Tragically-Hips-Fully-Completely%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Further_reading">Further reading</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239549316">.mw-parser-output .refbegin{margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul{margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{margin-left:0;padding-left:3.2em;text-indent:-3.2em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul,.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents ul li{list-style:none}@media(max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .refbegin-hanging-indents>ul>li{padding-left:1.6em;text-indent:-1.6em}}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .refbegin-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .refbegin{font-size:90%}}</style><div class="refbegin" style=""> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlashfield2002" class="citation cs2">Blashfield, Jean F (2002), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=CnqewxxWnYUC&pg=PA1"><i>Cartier: Jacques Cartier in search of the Northwest Passage</i></a>, Compass Point Books, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7565-0122-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-7565-0122-9"><bdi>0-7565-0122-9</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Cartier%3A+Jacques+Cartier+in+search+of+the+Northwest+Passage&rft.pub=Compass+Point+Books&rft.date=2002&rft.isbn=0-7565-0122-9&rft.aulast=Blashfield&rft.aufirst=Jean+F&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DCnqewxxWnYUC%26pg%3DPA1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFCartier1993" class="citation book cs1">Cartier, Jacques (1993). Ramsay Cook (ed.). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/voyagesofjacques0000cart"><i>The Voyages of Jacques Cartier</i></a></span>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8020-5015-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-8020-5015-8"><bdi>0-8020-5015-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Voyages+of+Jacques+Cartier&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=University+of+Toronto+Press&rft.date=1993&rft.isbn=0-8020-5015-8&rft.aulast=Cartier&rft.aufirst=Jacques&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fvoyagesofjacques0000cart&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGreene2004" class="citation cs2">Greene, Meg (2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=jErEkbBDDzkC&pg=PP1"><i>Jacques Cartier: Navigating the St. Lawrence River</i></a>, Rosen Central, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8239-3624-4" title="Special:BookSources/0-8239-3624-4"><bdi>0-8239-3624-4</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques+Cartier%3A+Navigating+the+St.+Lawrence+River&rft.pub=Rosen+Central&rft.date=2004&rft.isbn=0-8239-3624-4&rft.aulast=Greene&rft.aufirst=Meg&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DjErEkbBDDzkC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Guitard, Michèle (1984). <i>Jacques Cartier in Canada</i>. Ottawa: National Library of Canada. Text in English and in French, in parallel columns. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-662-52832-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-662-52832-8">0-662-52832-8</a></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFJacob2000" class="citation cs2">Jacob, Yves (2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-b9R5DEo1eQC&pg=PP1"><i>Jacques Cartier</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(French version)</span>, Éditions l'Ancre de marine, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/2-84141-145-1" title="Special:BookSources/2-84141-145-1"><bdi>2-84141-145-1</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Jacques+Cartier&rft.pub=%C3%89ditions+l%27Ancre+de+marine&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=2-84141-145-1&rft.aulast=Jacob&rft.aufirst=Yves&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D-b9R5DEo1eQC%26pg%3DPP1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFTrudel1973" class="citation book cs1">Trudel, Marcel (1973). <i>The Beginnings of New France, 1524–1663</i>. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. <a href="/wiki/ASIN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ASIN (identifier)">ASIN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000RQPTDK">B000RQPTDK</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Beginnings+of+New+France%2C+1524%E2%80%931663&rft.place=Toronto&rft.pub=McClelland+and+Stewart&rft.date=1973&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.amazon.com%2Fdp%2FB000RQPTDK%23id-name%3DASIN&rft.aulast=Trudel&rft.aufirst=Marcel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AJacques+Cartier" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Jacques_Cartier" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Jacques Cartier">Jacques Cartier</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/author/4334">Works by Jacques Cartier</a> at <a href="/wiki/Project_Gutenberg" title="Project Gutenberg">Project Gutenberg</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/search.php?query=%28%28subject%3A%22Cartier%2C%20Jacques%22%20OR%20subject%3A%22Jacques%20Cartier%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Cartier%2C%20Jacques%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Jacques%20Cartier%22%20OR%20creator%3A%22Cartier%2C%20J%2E%22%20OR%20title%3A%22Jacques%20Cartier%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Cartier%2C%20Jacques%22%20OR%20description%3A%22Jacques%20Cartier%22%29%20OR%20%28%221491-1557%22%20AND%20Cartier%29%29%20AND%20%28-mediatype:software%29">Works by or about Jacques Cartier</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Grx1AAAAMAAJ&pg=PP10">English translation of Cartier's accounts</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.civilization.ca/vmnf/explor/explcd_e.html">Jacques Cartier at Civilization.ca</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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id="Explorers_of_New_France23" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Explorers of New France</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Greysolon" class="mw-redirect" title="Daniel Greysolon">Daniel Greysolon</a></li> <li>de La Vérendrye family <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_Varennes_et_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" class="mw-redirect" title="Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de Varennes et de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Baptiste_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye">Jean Baptiste de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Gaultier_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye">Pierre Gaultier de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="François de La Vérendrye">François de La Vérendrye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis-Joseph_Gaultier_de_La_V%C3%A9rendrye" title="Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye">Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne_Brul%C3%A9" class="mw-redirect" title="Étienne Brulé">Étienne Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Couture" title="Guillaume Couture">Guillaume Couture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Henri_de_Tonti" title="Henri de Tonti">Henri de Tonti</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Jacques Cartier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacques_Marquette" title="Jacques Marquette">Jacques Marquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Le_Moyne_de_Bienville" title="Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville">Jean-Baptiste Le Moyne de Bienville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_de_La_Rocque_de_Roberval" class="mw-redirect" title="Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval">Jean-François de La Rocque de Roberval</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean_Nicolet" title="Jean Nicolet">Jean Nicolet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Hennepin" title="Louis Hennepin">Louis Hennepin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Jolliet" title="Louis Jolliet">Louis Jolliet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Louis_Juchereau_de_St._Denis" title="Louis Juchereau de St. Denis">Louis Juchereau de St. Denis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A9dard_des_Groseilliers" title="Médard des Groseilliers">Médard des Groseilliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nicolas_Perrot" title="Nicolas Perrot">Nicolas Perrot</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Le_Moyne_d%27Iberville" title="Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville">Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre-Esprit_Radisson" title="Pierre-Esprit Radisson">Pierre-Esprit Radisson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pierre_Dugua,_Sieur_de_Mons" title="Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons">Pierre Dugua, Sieur de Mons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ren%C3%A9-Robert_Cavelier,_Sieur_de_La_Salle" title="René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle">René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Samuel_de_Champlain" title="Samuel de Champlain">Samuel de Champlain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2681" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata2681" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7321#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, 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style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118668633">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50080987">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12115432r">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12115432r">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=uk2014840106&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810702632805606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a class="external text" href="https://wikidata-externalid-url.toolforge.org/?p=8034&url_prefix=https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/&id=495/93810">Vatican</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nli.org.il/en/authorities/987007279071005171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.kbr.be/LIBRARY/doc/AUTHORITY/14349198">Belgium</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA00423514?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" 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