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<span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Climate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Climate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Population" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Population"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Population</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Population-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Politics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Politics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Politics</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Politics-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Politics subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Politics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Local_government" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Local_government"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Local government</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Local_government-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Parliamentary_representation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Parliamentary_representation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Parliamentary representation</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Parliamentary_representation-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ngāi_Tahu_governance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ngāi_Tahu_governance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Ngāi Tahu governance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ngāi_Tahu_governance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Economy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Economy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Economy</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Economy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Education" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Education"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Education</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Education-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">9</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">10</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Otago</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 45 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-45" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">45 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%BA%D9%88" title="أوتاغو – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="أوتاغو" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="Aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Отаго (регион) – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Отаго (регион)" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Breton" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="Breton" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="Cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cy mw-list-item"><a href="https://cy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Welsh" lang="cy" hreflang="cy" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Cymraeg" data-language-local-name="Welsh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cymraeg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%8A%D9%87%D8%A9_%D8%A3%D9%88%D8%B7%D8%A7%DD%A3%D9%88" title="جيهة أوطاݣو – Moroccan Arabic" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="جيهة أوطاݣو" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="Moroccan Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago_(Region)" title="Otago (Region) – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Otago (Region)" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago_piirkond" title="Otago piirkond – Estonian" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Otago piirkond" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="Estonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regi%C3%B3n_de_Otago" title="Región de Otago – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Región de Otago" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago_eskualdea" title="Otago eskualdea – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Otago eskualdea" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D8%AA%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="اوتاگو – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="اوتاگو" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rexi%C3%B3n_de_Otago" title="Rexión de Otago – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Rexión de Otago" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%98%A4%ED%83%80%EA%B3%A0_%EC%A7%80%EB%B0%A9" title="오타고 지방 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="오타고 지방" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%93%E0%A4%9F%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%97%E0%A5%8B_%E0%A4%95%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B7%E0%A5%87%E0%A4%A4%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%B0" title="ओटागो क्षेत्र – Hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="ओटागो क्षेत्र" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="Hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%90%D7%95%D7%98%D7%92%D7%95" title="אוטגו – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="אוטגו" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%92%E1%83%9D%E1%83%A1_%E1%83%A0%E1%83%94%E1%83%92%E1%83%98%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9C%E1%83%98" title="ოტაგოს რეგიონი – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ოტაგოს რეგიონი" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B0%D2%9B)" title="Отаго (аймақ) – Kazakh" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Отаго (аймақ)" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="Kazakh" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago_r%C3%A9gi%C3%B3" title="Otago régió – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Otago régió" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Отаго – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Отаго" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mi mw-list-item"><a href="https://mi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Ct%C4%81kou" title="Ōtākou – Māori" lang="mi" hreflang="mi" data-title="Ōtākou" data-language-autonym="Māori" data-language-local-name="Māori" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Māori</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilayah_Otago" title="Wilayah Otago – Malay" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Wilayah Otago" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="Malay" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%AA%E3%82%BF%E3%82%B4%E5%9C%B0%E6%96%B9" title="オタゴ地方 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="オタゴ地方" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE_(%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD)" title="Отаго (регион) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Отаго (регион)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago_(regija)" title="Otago (regija) – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Otago (regija)" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%92%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8B" title="ஒடாகோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="ஒடாகோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otago" title="Otago – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Otago" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9E%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BE" title="Отаго – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Отаго" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A7%D9%88%D9%B9%D8%A7%DA%AF%D9%88" title="اوٹاگو – Urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="اوٹاگو" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="Urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%A5%A5%E5%A1%94%E5%93%A5%E5%A4%A7%E5%8C%BA" title="奥塔哥大区 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="奥塔哥大区" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q692912#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Otago&params=45_52_50_S_170_29_46_E_region:NZ-OTA_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°52′50″S</span> <span class="longitude">170°29′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">45.88056°S 170.49611°E</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">-45.88056; 170.49611</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region of New Zealand</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Otago_(disambiguation)" class="mw-disambig" title="Otago (disambiguation)">Otago (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Region in South Island, New Zealand</div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1043192559">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement{width:23em;border-collapse:collapse;line-height:1.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement td,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement th{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-label,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedtoprow .infobox-below{border-top:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0.4em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedrow .infobox-label{border:0;padding:0 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-full-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-data,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .mergedbottomrow .infobox-label{border-top:0;border-bottom:1px solid #a2a9b1;padding:0 0.6em 0.4em 0.6em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .maptable{border:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-header,.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-below{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-above{font-size:125%;line-height:1.3em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement .infobox-subheader{background-color:#cddeff;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-native{font-weight:normal;padding-top:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-other-name{font-size:78%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-official{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption{padding:0.3em 0 0 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-caption-link{padding:0.2em 0}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-nickname{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-fn{font-weight:normal;display:inline}</style><table class="infobox ib-settlement vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above"><div class="fn org">Otago</div> <div class="nickname ib-settlement-native"><span title="Māori-language text"><i lang="mi">Ōtākou</i></span> <span class="languageicon" style="font-size:100%; font-weight:normal">(<a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader"><div class="category"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Region</a></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow ib-settlement-official"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data">Otago Region</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data maptable"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1028600610">.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols{text-align:center;display:table;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-row{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cell{display:table-cell;vertical-align:middle}.mw-parser-output .ib-settlement-cols-cellt{display:table-cell;vertical-align:top}</style> <div class="ib-settlement-cols"> <div class="ib-settlement-cols-row"><div class="ib-settlement-cols-cell"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Otago.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Flag of Otago"><img alt="Flag of Otago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Otago.svg/100px-Flag_of_Otago.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="67" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Otago.svg/150px-Flag_of_Otago.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Flag_of_Otago.svg/200px-Flag_of_Otago.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="ib-settlement-caption-link"><a href="/wiki/Flag_of_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="Flag of Otago">Flag</a></div></div></div></div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><figure class="noresize mw-ext-imagemap-desc-bottom-right" typeof="mw:File"><span><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg/250px-Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="250" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg/375px-Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg/500px-Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1928" data-file-height="2432" usemap="#ImageMap_e1f6476c3b3fb1e8" resource="/wiki/File:Otago_Region_location_in_New_Zealand.svg" /></span><map name="ImageMap_e1f6476c3b3fb1e8"><area href="/wiki/Northland_Region" shape="poly" coords="126,8,134,20,133,25,153,54,163,46,160,35,157,30,157,26,148,21,137,18,133,9" alt="Northland Region" title="Northland Region" /><area href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" shape="poly" coords="153,52,161,47,169,52,169,46,178,46,180,51,174,54,176,65,171,66,171,70,163,73" alt="Auckland Region" title="Auckland Region" /><area href="/wiki/Waikato_Region" shape="poly" coords="163,72,171,71,171,66,175,65,174,54,181,52,188,75,184,77,186,84,188,88,190,91,195,94,197,97,195,101,193,104,193,107,193,108,190,111,188,111,187,113,183,115,179,115,181,112,180,108,179,105,179,101,181,98,181,96,178,96,176,98,174,99,172,100,170,101,169,102,166,102,164,102,163,101,164,99,164,95,166,91,166,86,165,81" alt="Waikato Region" title="Waikato Region" /><area href="/wiki/Taranaki" shape="poly" coords="161,102,167,102,166,105,165,109,164,112,167,117,170,121,167,125,166,128,164,128,160,127,156,124,153,122,149,120,148,120,145,115,149,112,153,110,155,110,159,108,161,106,161,104" alt="Taranaki" title="Taranaki" /><area href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_Region" shape="poly" coords="187,73,182,77,185,81,187,86,191,91,195,94,196,97,196,100,195,104,193,106,195,109,197,108,199,107,200,107,201,103,202,103,204,103,205,103,208,101,211,99,211,97,213,97,215,96,216,93,217,91,218,90,221,90,222,88,224,84,225,84,224,82,226,79,221,81,216,84,215,86,211,88,208,88,206,87,202,86,199,84,193,82,188,76" alt="Bay of Plenty Region" title="Bay of Plenty Region" /><area href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" shape="poly" coords="226,78,225,80,225,83,223,87,222,89,220,89,217,91,213,95,211,99,215,102,218,107,221,111,224,103,228,101,230,98,230,92,231,88,231,84,234,83,234,80,229,80" alt="Gisborne District" title="Gisborne District" /><area href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay" shape="poly" coords="211,100,217,103,221,107,223,111,224,113,224,117,221,112,217,111,212,112,208,113,205,117,205,118,203,124,208,125,203,131,200,139,199,141,196,142,193,139,193,133,189,131,190,128,190,123,190,119,188,115,189,111,193,108,195,109,198,107,201,107,202,107,203,104,209,103,211,101" alt="Hawke's Bay" title="Hawke's Bay" /><area href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB-Whanganui" shape="poly" coords="197,142,195,146,194,149,190,149,187,149,183,151,179,149,175,151,172,150,171,149,172,144,172,138,169,133,166,130,165,129,168,126,169,122,168,119,166,115,164,113,164,110,166,108,166,106,167,103,169,101,173,99,176,99,179,97,179,97,179,101,179,103,179,105,180,107,180,109,178,114,180,115,183,115,187,113,188,111,190,116,190,120,190,127,189,131,193,135" alt="Manawatū-Whanganui" title="Manawatū-Whanganui" /><area href="/wiki/Wellington_Region" shape="poly" coords="170,150,168,153,164,157,162,161,163,162,165,161,167,160,167,162,169,163,172,163,172,167,178,167,183,163,187,159,189,157,191,154,192,151,190,149,186,151,182,151,176,151,174,150,171,151,170,149" alt="Wellington Region" title="Wellington Region" /><area href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" shape="poly" coords="134,159,138,162,144,158,146,154,141,157,139,158,137,160" alt="Nelson, New Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand" /><area href="/wiki/Tasman_District" shape="poly" coords="137,162,134,161,132,158,131,153,132,153,132,149,129,150,126,148,126,144,130,144,132,144,132,143,128,142,126,143,123,144,121,147,119,148,119,149,119,150,121,152,120,153,124,154,126,159,126,160,123,162,121,165,120,167,118,169,116,173,118,176,122,179,123,181,124,180,129,176,135,167,136,165,136,164" alt="Tasman District" title="Tasman District" /><area href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" shape="poly" coords="128,177,131,172,133,168,136,167,138,165,139,161,140,160,142,158,144,156,146,150,149,147,152,149,156,154,158,157,154,160,151,162,152,165,155,168,156,169,152,174,148,173,147,174,144,178,141,180,139,183,136,187,135,187,132,185,131,182,129,181" alt="Marlborough District" title="Marlborough District" /><area href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" shape="poly" coords="125,178,120,183,119,187,116,190,112,191,108,194,108,197,103,198,100,199,97,202,94,204,89,207,89,208,85,210,80,212,79,214,76,217,72,220,70,224,70,231,73,233,77,234,78,238,84,242,84,245,87,243,93,240,97,241,98,236,99,232,102,228,105,225,110,223,117,220,122,217,126,217,129,218,132,218,134,216,133,212,129,212,127,208,128,202,129,200,132,198,134,197,138,197,141,194,143,185,147,183,150,179,155,174,156,171,152,173,148,174,144,175,142,176,141,180,139,183,137,185,136,185,132,185,130,184,129,180,128,179" alt="Canterbury Region" title="Canterbury Region" /><area href="/wiki/Otago" shape="poly" coords="70,220,68,221,66,221,62,223,58,223,57,228,52,230,48,231,46,233,43,238,44,241,46,242,46,245,47,250,50,248,55,252,58,251,61,250,63,252,60,256,60,259,64,262,63,268,63,272,64,277,63,279,67,278,73,276,75,273,82,269,82,264,84,263,87,262,90,261,89,258,92,254,93,251,95,247,97,242,98,242,98,240,92,240,89,242,88,243,85,245,84,243,84,241,81,241,77,238,77,236,75,235,73,235,71,232,69,230,69,224,71,219" alt="Otago" title="Otago" /><area href="/wiki/Southland_Region" shape="poly" coords="61,279,61,273,61,270,61,263,59,259,61,252,63,249,59,248,58,251,54,252,53,250,50,248,47,249,46,248,45,244,42,239,44,235,46,232,47,230,45,228,42,228,39,233,36,233,32,236,26,240,23,243,17,250,13,255,12,262,14,267,21,270,25,270,29,271,29,269,32,269,35,271,38,273,43,272,46,277,52,277,61,279" alt="Southland Region" title="Southland Region" /><area href="/wiki/Southland_Region" shape="poly" coords="33,279,36,284,35,288,32,291,37,293,45,290,47,288,42,282,38,280" alt="Southland Region" title="Southland Region" /><area href="/wiki/West_Coast_Region" shape="poly" coords="117,147,121,151,122,154,125,155,127,159,123,162,118,168,117,172,117,180,120,182,119,187,115,190,110,193,108,196,100,199,97,201,90,207,86,209,77,212,75,217,72,220,63,222,58,224,54,226,53,229,50,231,43,232,44,228,41,227,45,223,51,220,56,220,60,218,65,213,69,212,72,210,78,206,80,204,85,200,89,197,93,195,98,189,100,183,102,176,103,172,108,171,111,167,115,162,115,161" alt="West Coast Region" title="West Coast Region" /></map><figcaption></figcaption></figure><div class="ib-settlement-caption">Otago within New Zealand</div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Country</th><td class="infobox-data">New Zealand</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Island</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Established</th><td class="infobox-data">1848 (Dunedin settlement)<br />1852 (<a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago Province</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Seat</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">Territorial authorities</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><div class="collapsible-list mw-collapsible" style="text-align: left;"> <div style="line-height: 1.6em; font-weight: bold;"><div>List</div></div> <ul class="mw-collapsible-content" style="margin-top: 0; margin-bottom: 0; line-height: inherit; list-style: none; margin-left: 0;"><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin City</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha District</a></li><li style="line-height: inherit; margin: 0"><a href="/wiki/Waitaki,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitaki, New Zealand">Waitaki District</a> (40.39%)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Government<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Body</th><td class="infobox-data agent"><a href="/wiki/Otago_Regional_Council" title="Otago Regional Council">Otago Regional Council</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Chair</th><td class="infobox-data">Gretchen Robertson</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Deputy Chair</th><td class="infobox-data">Lloyd McCall</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Area<div class="ib-settlement-fn"></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Region</div></th><td class="infobox-data">31,251 km<sup>2</sup> (12,066 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Land</th><td class="infobox-data">31,186.16 km<sup>2</sup> (12,041.04 sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">Population<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><span class="nowrap"> </span>(June 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="white-space:nowrap;"> • Region</div></th><td class="infobox-data">257,200</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Density</th><td class="infobox-data">8.2/km<sup>2</sup> (21/sq mi)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header">GDP<div class="ib-settlement-fn"><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></div></th></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Total</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_dollar" title="New Zealand dollar">NZ$</a> 15.336 billion (2021) (<a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_New_Zealand_by_GDP" title="List of regions of New Zealand by GDP">6th</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"> • Per capita</th><td class="infobox-data">NZ$ 62,518 (2021)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Time_zone" title="Time zone">Time zone</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B12:00" title="UTC+12:00">UTC+12:00</a> (<a href="/wiki/Time_in_New_Zealand" title="Time in New Zealand">NZST</a>)</td></tr><tr class="mergedrow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><span class="nowrap"> • Summer (<a href="/wiki/Daylight_saving_time" title="Daylight saving time">DST</a>)</span></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/UTC%2B13:00" title="UTC+13:00">UTC+13:00</a> (NZDT)</td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Human_Development_Index" title="Human Development Index">HDI</a> (2021)</th><td class="infobox-data">0.932<sup id="cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><br /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239334494">@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output div:not(.notheme)>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output p>.tmp-color,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output table:not(.notheme) .tmp-color{color:inherit!important}}</style><span class="tmp-color" style="color:#090">very high</span> · <a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_New_Zealand_by_Human_Development_Index" title="List of regions of New Zealand by Human Development Index">6th</a></td></tr><tr class="mergedtoprow"><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Website</th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.otago.co.nz/">www.otago.co.nz</a><br /><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.orc.govt.nz/">www.orc.govt.nz</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Otago</b> (<span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ə/: 'a' in 'about'">ə</span><span title="/ˈ/: primary stress follows">ˈ</span><span title="'t' in 'tie'">t</span><span title="/ɑː/: 'a' in 'father'">ɑː</span><span title="/ɡ/: 'g' in 'guy'">ɡ</span><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>/</a></span> <span class="noprint"><span class="ext-phonos"><span data-nosnippet="" id="ooui-php-1" class="ext-phonos-PhonosButton noexcerpt ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel oo-ui-widget oo-ui-widget-enabled oo-ui-buttonElement oo-ui-buttonElement-frameless oo-ui-iconElement oo-ui-buttonWidget" data-ooui="{"_":"mw.Phonos.PhonosButton","href":"\/\/upload.wikimedia.org\/wikipedia\/commons\/transcoded\/0\/0d\/En-nz-Otago.ogg\/En-nz-Otago.ogg.mp3","rel":["nofollow"],"framed":false,"icon":"volumeUp","data":{"ipa":"","text":"","lang":"en","wikibase":"","file":"En-nz-Otago.ogg"},"classes":["ext-phonos-PhonosButton","noexcerpt","ext-phonos-PhonosButton-emptylabel"]}"><a role="button" tabindex="0" href="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/0/0d/En-nz-Otago.ogg/En-nz-Otago.ogg.mp3" rel="nofollow" aria-label="Play audio" title="Play audio" class="oo-ui-buttonElement-button"><span class="oo-ui-iconElement-icon oo-ui-icon-volumeUp"></span><span class="oo-ui-labelElement-label"></span><span class="oo-ui-indicatorElement-indicator oo-ui-indicatorElement-noIndicator"></span></a></span><sup class="ext-phonos-attribution noexcerpt navigation-not-searchable"><a href="/wiki/File:En-nz-Otago.ogg" title="File:En-nz-Otago.ogg">ⓘ</a></sup></span></span></span>, <span class="rt-commentedText nowrap"><span class="IPA nopopups noexcerpt" lang="en-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/English" title="Help:IPA/English">/<span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/oʊ/: 'o' in 'code'">oʊ</span></span>-,<span class="wrap"> </span><span style="border-bottom:1px dotted"><span title="/ɒ/: 'o' in 'body'">ɒ</span></span>-/</a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>; <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language" title="Māori language">Māori</a>: <i lang="mi">Ōtākou</i> <span class="IPA nowrap" lang="mi-Latn-fonipa"><a href="/wiki/Help:IPA/M%C4%81ori" title="Help:IPA/Māori">[ɔːˈtaːkou]</a></span>) is a <a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">region of New Zealand</a> located in the southern half of the <a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a> administered by the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Regional_Council" title="Otago Regional Council">Otago Regional Council</a>. It has an area of approximately 32,000 square kilometres (12,000 sq mi),<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> making it the country's second largest local government region. Its population was 257,200  in June 2024.<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The name "Otago" is the local <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_language#South_Island_dialects" title="Māori language">southern Māori dialect</a> pronunciation of "<a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Ōtākou</a>", the name of the Māori village near the entrance to <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The exact meaning of the term is disputed, with common translations being "isolated village" and "place of red earth", the latter referring to the reddish-ochre clay which is common in the area around <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>. "Otago" is also the old name of the European settlement on the harbour, established by the <a href="/wiki/Weller_Brothers" class="mw-redirect" title="Weller Brothers">Weller Brothers</a> in 1831, which lies close to <a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Otakou</a>. The upper harbour later became the focus of the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Association" title="Otago Association">Otago Association</a>, an offshoot of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843%E2%80%931900)" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843–1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>, notable for its adoption of the principle that ordinary people, not the landowner, should choose the ministers. </p><p>Major centres include Dunedin (the principal city), <a href="/wiki/Oamaru" title="Oamaru">Oamaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balclutha,_New_Zealand" title="Balclutha, New Zealand">Balclutha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_New_Zealand" title="Alexandra, New Zealand">Alexandra</a>, and the major tourist centres <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a> and <a href="/wiki/W%C4%81naka" title="Wānaka">Wānaka</a>. <a href="/wiki/Kaitangata,_New_Zealand" title="Kaitangata, New Zealand">Kaitangata</a> in <a href="/wiki/South_Otago" title="South Otago">South Otago</a> is a prominent source of <a href="/wiki/Coal" title="Coal">coal</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_River" title="Waitaki River">Waitaki</a> and <a href="/wiki/Clutha_River" title="Clutha River">Clutha</a> rivers provide much of the country's <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric</a> power. <a href="/wiki/Vineyard" title="Vineyard">Vineyards</a> and wineries have been developed in the <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_wine_region" title="Central Otago wine region">Central Otago wine region</a>. Some parts of the area originally covered by <a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago Province</a> are now administered by either <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury Regional Council">Canterbury Regional Council</a> or <a href="/wiki/Southland_Regional_Council" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland Regional Council">Southland Regional Council</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/History_of_Otago" class="mw-redirect" title="History of Otago">History of Otago</a></div> <p>Like the rest of mainland New Zealand, Otago was first settled by the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori people</a>. Most of the Māori settlement in Otago was upon the coast and centred around the <a href="/wiki/Otago_Peninsula" title="Otago Peninsula">Otago Peninsula</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Otago settlement, an outgrowth of the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_Scotland_(1843-1900)" class="mw-redirect" title="Free Church of Scotland (1843-1900)">Free Church of Scotland</a>, was founded in March 1848 with the arrival of the first two immigrant ships from <a href="/wiki/Greenock" title="Greenock">Greenock</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Firth_of_Clyde" title="Firth of Clyde">Firth of Clyde</a> — the <i><a href="/wiki/John_Wickliffe_(ship)" title="John Wickliffe (ship)">John Wickliffe</a></i> and the <i>Philip Laing</i>. Captain <a href="/wiki/William_Cargill_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="William Cargill (New Zealand politician)">William Cargill</a>, a veteran of the <a href="/wiki/Peninsular_War" title="Peninsular War">Peninsular War</a>, was the secular leader. Otago citizens subsequently elected him to the office of provincial Superintendent after the <a href="/wiki/Provinces_of_New_Zealand" title="Provinces of New Zealand">New Zealand provinces</a> were created in 1853.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/Otago_Province" title="Otago Province">Otago Province</a> was the whole of New Zealand from the <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_River" title="Waitaki River">Waitaki River</a> south, including Stewart Island and the sub-Antarctic islands. It included the territory of the later <a href="/wiki/Southland_Province" title="Southland Province">Southland Province</a> and also the much more extensive lands of the modern <a href="/wiki/Southland,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland, New Zealand">Southland Region</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Arrowtown_(4678481119).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Arrowtown_%284678481119%29.jpg/170px-Arrowtown_%284678481119%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="256" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Arrowtown_%284678481119%29.jpg/255px-Arrowtown_%284678481119%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Arrowtown_%284678481119%29.jpg/340px-Arrowtown_%284678481119%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2000" data-file-height="3008" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Arrowtown" title="Arrowtown">Arrowtown</a>, a historic mining town</figcaption></figure> <p>Initial settlement was concentrated on the port and city, then expanded, notably to the south-west, where the fertile <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Plains">Taieri Plains</a> offered good farmland.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 1860s saw rapid commercial expansion after <a href="/wiki/Gabriel_Read" title="Gabriel Read">Gabriel Read</a> discovered gold at <a href="/wiki/Gabriel%27s_Gully" title="Gabriel's Gully">Gabriel's Gully</a> near <a href="/wiki/Lawrence,_New_Zealand" title="Lawrence, New Zealand">Lawrence</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Otago_gold_rush" title="Otago gold rush">Otago gold rush</a> ensued.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Veterans of goldfields in California and Australia, plus many other fortune-seekers from Europe, North America and China, poured into the then Province of Otago, eroding its Scottish <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> character. Further gold discoveries at <a href="/wiki/Clyde,_New_Zealand" title="Clyde, New Zealand">Clyde</a> and on the Arrow River around <a href="/wiki/Arrowtown" title="Arrowtown">Arrowtown</a> led to a boom, and Otago became for a period the cultural and economic centre of New Zealand. New Zealand's first daily newspaper, the <i><a href="/wiki/Otago_Daily_Times" title="Otago Daily Times">Otago Daily Times</a></i>, originally edited by <a href="/wiki/Julius_Vogel" title="Julius Vogel">Julius Vogel</a>, dates from this period.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:University_of_Otago.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/University_of_Otago.jpg/220px-University_of_Otago.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/University_of_Otago.jpg/330px-University_of_Otago.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/University_of_Otago.jpg/440px-University_of_Otago.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, New Zealand's oldest university</figcaption></figure> <p>New Zealand's first university, the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a>, was founded in 1869 as the provincial university in Dunedin.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Province of Southland separated from Otago Province and set up its own Provincial Council at <a href="/wiki/Invercargill" title="Invercargill">Invercargill</a> in 1861. After difficulties ensued, Otago re-absorbed it in 1870. Its territory is included in the southern region of the old Otago Province which is named after it and is now the territory of the Southland region. The provincial governments were abolished in 1876 when the Abolition of the Provinces Act came into force on 1 November 1876,<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and were replaced by other forms of local authority, including counties. Two in Otago were named after the Scottish independence heroes <a href="/wiki/William_Wallace" title="William Wallace">Wallace</a> and <a href="/wiki/Robert_I_of_Scotland" class="mw-redirect" title="Robert I of Scotland">Bruce</a>. From this time the national limelight gradually shifted northwards. </p><p>Otago's flag was chosen from a 2004 competition. It was designed by Gregor Macauly.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Autumn_in_Otago,_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Autumn_in_Otago%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/220px-Autumn_in_Otago%2C_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="140" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Autumn_in_Otago%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/330px-Autumn_in_Otago%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Autumn_in_Otago%2C_New_Zealand.jpg/440px-Autumn_in_Otago%2C_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2359" data-file-height="1504" /></a><figcaption>Autumn 2004 in Otago</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Beaumont,_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Beaumont%2C_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg/220px-Beaumont%2C_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="155" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Beaumont%2C_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg/330px-Beaumont%2C_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/30/Beaumont%2C_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg/440px-Beaumont%2C_New_Zealand_aerial_photo_2006.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1327" data-file-height="932" /></a><figcaption>Aerial photo of <a href="/wiki/Beaumont,_New_Zealand" title="Beaumont, New Zealand">Beaumont</a> area in Otago, looking southwest. <a href="/wiki/State_Highway_8_(New_Zealand)" title="State Highway 8 (New Zealand)">State Highway 8</a> runs from left to right across the photo (only visible in the right half), and crosses the <a href="/wiki/Clutha_River" title="Clutha River">Clutha River</a> just below centre.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mount_Aspiring,_Otago,_New_Zealand,_22_July_2005.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Mount_Aspiring%2C_Otago%2C_New_Zealand%2C_22_July_2005.jpg/220px-Mount_Aspiring%2C_Otago%2C_New_Zealand%2C_22_July_2005.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="151" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Mount_Aspiring%2C_Otago%2C_New_Zealand%2C_22_July_2005.jpg/330px-Mount_Aspiring%2C_Otago%2C_New_Zealand%2C_22_July_2005.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/Mount_Aspiring%2C_Otago%2C_New_Zealand%2C_22_July_2005.jpg/440px-Mount_Aspiring%2C_Otago%2C_New_Zealand%2C_22_July_2005.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2644" data-file-height="1816" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Mount_Aspiring_/_Tititea" title="Mount Aspiring / Tititea">Mount Aspiring / Tititea</a> is New Zealand's highest mountain outside the <a href="/wiki/Aoraki_/_Mount_Cook" title="Aoraki / Mount Cook">Aoraki / Mount Cook</a> region.</figcaption></figure> <p>Beginning in the west, the geography of Otago consists of high alpine mountains. The highest peak in Otago (and highest outside the <a href="/wiki/Aoraki_/_Mount_Cook" title="Aoraki / Mount Cook">Aoraki / Mount Cook</a> area) is <a href="/wiki/Mount_Aspiring_/_Tititea" title="Mount Aspiring / Tititea">Mount Aspiring / Tititea</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-landscape_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landscape-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is on the <a href="/wiki/Main_Divide" class="mw-redirect" title="Main Divide">Main Divide</a>. From the high mountains the rivers discharge into large glacial lakes. In this part of Otago <a href="/wiki/Glacial" class="mw-redirect" title="Glacial">glacial</a> activity – both recent and very old – dominates the landscape, with large U-shaped valleys and rivers which have high sediment loads. River flows also vary dramatically, with large flood flows occurring after heavy rain. Lakes <a href="/wiki/Lake_Wakatipu" title="Lake Wakatipu">Wakatipu</a>, <a href="/wiki/Lake_W%C4%81naka" title="Lake Wānaka">Wānaka</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Lake_H%C4%81wea" title="Lake Hāwea">Hāwea</a> form the sources of the Clutha / Matau-au, the largest river (by discharge) in New Zealand. The Clutha flows generally to the southeast through Otago and discharges near <a href="/wiki/Balclutha,_New_Zealand" title="Balclutha, New Zealand">Balclutha</a>. The river has been used for <a href="/wiki/Hydroelectricity" title="Hydroelectricity">hydroelectric power</a> generation, with large dams at <a href="/wiki/Clyde,_New_Zealand" title="Clyde, New Zealand">Clyde</a> and <a href="/wiki/Roxburgh,_New_Zealand" title="Roxburgh, New Zealand">Roxburgh</a>. The traditional northern boundary of the region, the <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_River" title="Waitaki River">Waitaki River</a>, is also heavily utilised for hydroelectricity, though the region's current official boundaries put much of that river's catchment in <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg/220px-Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="294" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg/330px-Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg/440px-Kawarau_Gorge_and_Roaring_Meg.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2146" data-file-height="2866" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Kawarau_Gorge" title="Kawarau Gorge">Kawarau Gorge</a>, where <a href="/wiki/Roaring_Meg_hydro_scheme" title="Roaring Meg hydro scheme">Roaring Meg</a> joins the <a href="/wiki/Kawarau_River" title="Kawarau River">Kawarau River</a>, in central Otago</figcaption></figure> <p>The country's fourth-longest river, the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_River" title="Taieri River">Taieri</a>, also has both its source and outflow in Otago, rising from rough hill country and following a broad horseshoe-shaped path, north, then east, and finally southeast, before reaching the Pacific Ocean. Along its course it forms two notable geographic features – the broad high valley of the <a href="/wiki/Strath-Taieri" class="mw-redirect" title="Strath-Taieri">Strath-Taieri</a> in its upper reaches, and the fertile <a href="/wiki/Taieri_Plains" class="mw-redirect" title="Taieri Plains">Taieri Plains</a> as it approaches the ocean. </p><p>Travelling east from the mountains, the <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago" title="Central Otago">Central Otago</a> drylands predominate. These are <a href="/wiki/Canterbury-Otago_tussock_grasslands" class="mw-redirect" title="Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands">Canterbury-Otago tussock grasslands</a> dominated by the block mountains, upthrust <a href="/wiki/Schist" title="Schist">schist</a> mountains. In contrast to Canterbury, where the Northwest winds blow across the plains without interruption, in Otago the block mountains impede and dilute the effects of the <a href="/wiki/Nor%27west_arch" title="Nor'west arch">Nor'wester</a>. </p><p>The main Central Otago centres, such as <a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_New_Zealand" title="Alexandra, New Zealand">Alexandra</a> and <a href="/wiki/Cromwell,_New_Zealand" title="Cromwell, New Zealand">Cromwell</a>, are found in the intermontane basins between the block mountains. The schist bedrock influence extends to the eastern part of Otago, where remnant volcanics mark its edge. The remains of the most spectacular of these are the Miocene volcanics centred on <a href="/wiki/Otago_Harbour" title="Otago Harbour">Otago Harbour</a>. Elsewhere, basalt outcrops can be found along the coast and at other sites. </p><p>Comparatively similar terrain exists in the high plateau land of the <a href="/wiki/Maniototo_Plain" class="mw-redirect" title="Maniototo Plain">Maniototo Plain</a>, which lies to the east of Central Otago, close to the upper reaches of the Taieri River. This area is sparsely populated, but of historical note for its importance during the <a href="/wiki/Otago_gold_rush" title="Otago gold rush">Otago gold rush</a> of the 1860s. The townships of <a href="/wiki/Ranfurly,_New_Zealand" title="Ranfurly, New Zealand">Ranfurly</a> and <a href="/wiki/Naseby,_New_Zealand" title="Naseby, New Zealand">Naseby</a> lie in this area. </p><p>In the southeastern corner of Otago lies <a href="/wiki/The_Catlins" title="The Catlins">The Catlins</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-landscape_16-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-landscape-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> an area of rough hill country which geologically forms part of the Murihiku <a href="/wiki/Terrane" title="Terrane">terrane</a>, an accretion which extends inland through the <a href="/wiki/Hokonui_Hills" title="Hokonui Hills">Hokonui Hills</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Southland,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Southland, New Zealand">Southland</a> region. This itself forms part of a larger system known as the Southland <a href="/wiki/Syncline" title="Syncline">Syncline</a>, which links to similar formations in <a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a> (offset by the <a href="/wiki/Alpine_Fault" title="Alpine Fault">Alpine Fault</a>) and even in <a href="/wiki/New_Caledonia" title="New Caledonia">New Caledonia</a>, 3,500 km (2,200 mi) away.<sup id="cite_ref-Heads1989_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Heads1989-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The Catlins ranges are <a href="/wiki/Strike_ridge" class="mw-redirect" title="Strike ridge">strike ridges</a> composed of <a href="/wiki/Triassic" title="Triassic">Triassic</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jurassic" title="Jurassic">Jurassic</a> <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstones</a>, <a href="/wiki/Mudstone" title="Mudstone">mudstones</a> and other related sedimentary rocks, often with a high incidence of <a href="/wiki/Feldspar" title="Feldspar">feldspar</a>. Fossils of the late and middle Triassic <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_geologic_time_scale" title="New Zealand geologic time scale">Warepan and Kaihikuan</a> stages are found in the area. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Weather conditions vary enormously across Otago, but can be broken into two broad types: the coastal climate of the coastal regions and the more continental climate of the interior.<sup id="cite_ref-climate_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-climate-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Coastal regions of Otago are subject to the alternating warm and dry/cool and wet weather patterns common to the interannual <a href="/wiki/Southern_oscillation" class="mw-redirect" title="Southern oscillation">Southern oscillation</a>. The Southern Hemisphere storm track produces an irregular short cycle of weather which repeats roughly every week, with three or four days of fine weather followed by three or four days of cooler, damp conditions. Drier conditions are often the result of the <a href="/wiki/Nor%27west_arch" title="Nor'west arch">northwesterly</a> <a href="/wiki/F%C3%B6hn" class="mw-redirect" title="Föhn">föhn</a> wind, which dries as it crosses the <a href="/wiki/Southern_Alps" title="Southern Alps">Southern Alps</a>. Wetter air is the result of approaching low-pressure systems which sweep fronts over the country from the southwest. A common variant in this pattern is the centring of a stationary low-pressure zone to the southeast of the country, resulting in long-lasting cool, wet conditions. These have been responsible for several notable historical floods, such as the "hundred year floods" of October 1878 and October 1978. </p><p>Typically, winters are cool and wet in the extreme south areas and snow can fall and settle to sea level in winter, especially in the hills and plains of <a href="/wiki/South_Otago" title="South Otago">South Otago</a>. More Central and Northern Coastal areas winter is sunnier and drier. Summers, by contrast, tend to be warm and dry, with temperatures often reaching the high 20s and low 30s Celsius. </p><p>In <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago" title="Central Otago">Central Otago</a> cold frosty winters are succeeded by hot dry summers. Central Otago's climate is the closest approximation to a continental climate anywhere in New Zealand. This climate is part of the reason why <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_wines" class="mw-redirect" title="Central Otago wines">Central Otago vineyards</a> are successful in this region. This inland region is one of the driest regions in the country, sheltered from prevailing rain-bearing weather conditions by the high mountains to the west and hills of the south. Summers can be hot, with temperatures often approaching or exceeding 30 degrees Celsius; winters, by contrast, are often bitterly cold – the township of <a href="/wiki/Ranfurly,_New_Zealand" title="Ranfurly, New Zealand">Ranfurly</a> in Central Otago holds the New Zealand record for lowest temperature with a reading of −25.6 °C on 18 July 1903.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Population">Population</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Population"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Otago Region covers 31,186.16 km<sup>2</sup> (12,041.04 sq mi).<sup id="cite_ref-Area_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Area-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The population is 257,200 as of June 2024,<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which is approximately 4.8 percent of New Zealand's total population of 5.3 million. The population density is 8.2 people per km<sup>2</sup>. About 41.5 percent of the population resides in the Dunedin urban area—the region's main city and the country's sixth largest urban area. For historical and geographical reasons, Dunedin is usually regarded as one of New Zealand's four main centres. Unlike other southern centres, Dunedin's population has not declined since the 1970s, largely due to the presence of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago" title="University of Otago">University of Otago</a> – and especially its <a href="/wiki/University_of_Otago_Dunedin_School_of_Medicine" title="University of Otago Dunedin School of Medicine">medical school</a> – which attracts students from all over New Zealand and overseas.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Other significant urban centres in Otago with populations over 1,000 include: <a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a>, <a href="/wiki/Oamaru" title="Oamaru">Oamaru</a>, <a href="/wiki/W%C4%81naka" title="Wānaka">Wānaka</a>, <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Cromwell,_New_Zealand" title="Cromwell, New Zealand">Cromwell</a>, <a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_New_Zealand" title="Alexandra, New Zealand">Alexandra</a>, <a href="/wiki/Balclutha,_New_Zealand" title="Balclutha, New Zealand">Balclutha</a>, <a href="/wiki/Milton,_New_Zealand" title="Milton, New Zealand">Milton</a> and <a href="/wiki/Mosgiel" title="Mosgiel">Mosgiel</a>. Between 1996 and 2006, the population of the <a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes District</a> grew by 60% due to the region's booming <a href="/wiki/Tourism" title="Tourism">tourism</a> industry.<sup id="cite_ref-orr_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-orr-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <table class="wikitable floatleft"> <caption><a href="/wiki/Urban_areas_of_New_Zealand" title="Urban areas of New Zealand">Urban areas</a> in Otago </caption> <tbody><tr> <th>Urban area </th> <th>Population<br /><small>(June 2024)<sup id="cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></small> </th> <th>% of region </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td> <td align="right">106,700 </td> <td align="right">41.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a> </td> <td align="right">27,700 </td> <td align="right">10.8% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Mosgiel" title="Mosgiel">Mosgiel</a> </td> <td align="right">15,150 </td> <td align="right">5.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Oamaru" title="Oamaru">Oamaru</a> </td> <td align="right">14,350 </td> <td align="right">5.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81naka" title="Wānaka">Wānaka</a> </td> <td align="right">13,600 </td> <td align="right">5.3% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Cromwell,_New_Zealand" title="Cromwell, New Zealand">Cromwell</a> </td> <td align="right">7,440 </td> <td align="right">2.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_New_Zealand" title="Alexandra, New Zealand">Alexandra</a> </td> <td align="right">6,150 </td> <td align="right">2.4% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Balclutha,_New_Zealand" title="Balclutha, New Zealand">Balclutha</a> </td> <td align="right">4,430 </td> <td align="right">1.7% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Arrowtown" title="Arrowtown">Arrowtown</a> </td> <td align="right">2,930 </td> <td align="right">1.1% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Milton,_New_Zealand" title="Milton, New Zealand">Milton</a> </td> <td align="right">2,270 </td> <td align="right">0.9% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Brighton,_New_Zealand" title="Brighton, New Zealand">Brighton</a> </td> <td align="right">1,580 </td> <td align="right">0.6% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Waikouaiti" title="Waikouaiti">Waikouaiti</a> </td> <td align="right">1,330 </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Clyde,_New_Zealand" title="Clyde, New Zealand">Clyde</a> </td> <td align="right">1,290 </td> <td align="right">0.5% </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="3"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Includes <a href="/wiki/Port_Chalmers" title="Port Chalmers">Port Chalmers</a>.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236656977">.mw-parser-output .abbr-header{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-bottom:none;background-color:lavender}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .caption-purple{background:inherit!important}}.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border:1px #a2a9b1 solid;border-top:none;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:5px}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .table-pale{border-top:1px #a2a9b1 solid!important}.mw-parser-output .caption-purple{border:none}}</style><table class="table-pale" style="width:15em;border-top-width:0;border-spacing: 0;float:right;clear:right;margin:0.5em 0 1em 0.5em;"><caption class="caption-purple" style="padding:0.25em;font-weight:bold">Historical population</caption><tbody><tr style="font-size:95%"><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;width:3em">Year</th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px 2px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Population" class="abbr-header">Pop.</abbr></th><th style="border-bottom:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);padding:1px;text-align:right"><abbr title="Per annum growth rate" class="abbr-header">±% p.a.</abbr></th></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1991</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">177,525</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">—    </td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">1996</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">185,085</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+0.84%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2001</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">181,542</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">−0.39%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2006</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">193,803</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.32%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">2013</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">202,470</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px;border-bottom:1px solid #bbbbbb">+0.63%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2018</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">225,186</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+2.15%</td></tr><tr><th style="text-align:center;padding:1px">2023</th><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">240,900</td><td style="text-align:right;padding:1px">+1.36%</td></tr><tr><td colspan="3" style="border-top:1px solid var(--color-base, #000000);font-size:85%;text-align:left">Source: <sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr></tbody></table> <table class="infobox" style="float:right;"> <tbody><tr> <td colspan="2"><b>Largest groups of overseas-born residents</b><sup id="cite_ref-2013culture_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2013culture-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <th>Nationality</th> <th>Population (2018) </th></tr> <tr> <td>England</td> <td>10,710 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Australia</td> <td>5,160 </td></tr> <tr> <td>China</td> <td>2,442 </td></tr> <tr> <td>United States of America</td> <td>2,226 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Philippines</td> <td>2,157 </td></tr> <tr> <td>India</td> <td>2,046 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Scotland</td> <td>1,908 </td></tr> <tr> <td>South Africa</td> <td>1,755 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Germany</td> <td>1,134 </td></tr> <tr> <td>Brazil </td> <td>1,089 </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>Otago had a population of 240,900 in the <a href="/wiki/2023_New_Zealand_census" title="2023 New Zealand census">2023 New Zealand census</a>, an increase of 15,714 people (7.0%) since the <a href="/wiki/2018_New_Zealand_census" title="2018 New Zealand census">2018 census</a>, and an increase of 38,430 people (19.0%) since the <a href="/wiki/2013_New_Zealand_census" title="2013 New Zealand census">2013 census</a>. There were 118,524 males, 121,185 females and 1,188 people of <a href="/wiki/Non-binary_gender" title="Non-binary gender">other genders</a> in 94,425 dwellings.<sup id="cite_ref-27" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> 4.3% of people identified as <a href="/wiki/LGBTQ" title="LGBTQ">LGBTIQ+</a>. The median age was 38.4 years (compared with 38.1 years nationally). There were 37,749 people (15.7%) aged under 15 years, 53,532 (22.2%) aged 15 to 29, 106,926 (44.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 42,690 (17.7%) aged 65 or older.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_24-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png/220px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="263" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png/330px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/95/2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png/440px-2023_NZ_Census_Population_Density_-_Otago_Region.png 2x" data-file-width="2125" data-file-height="2541" /></a><figcaption> A map showing population density in the Otago Region at the 2023 census</figcaption></figure> <p>People could identify as more than one ethnicity. The results were 85.2% <a href="/wiki/European_New_Zealanders" title="European New Zealanders">European</a> (<a href="/wiki/P%C4%81keh%C4%81" title="Pākehā">Pākehā</a>); 9.9% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_people" title="Māori people">Māori</a>; 3.4% <a href="/wiki/Pasifika_New_Zealanders" title="Pasifika New Zealanders">Pasifika</a>; 8.5% <a href="/wiki/Asian_New_Zealanders" title="Asian New Zealanders">Asian</a>; 2.2% Middle Eastern, Latin American and African New Zealanders (MELAA); and 2.7% other, which includes people giving their ethnicity as "New Zealander". English was spoken by 97.5%, Māori language by 1.9%, Samoan by 0.6% and other languages by 11.9%. No language could be spoken by 1.7% (e.g. too young to talk). <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand Sign Language</a> was known by 0.5%. The percentage of people born overseas was 23.8, compared with 28.8% nationally. </p><p>Religious affiliations were 28.4% <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_New_Zealand" title="Christianity in New Zealand">Christian</a>, 1.0% <a href="/wiki/Hinduism_in_New_Zealand" title="Hinduism in New Zealand">Hindu</a>, 0.8% <a href="/wiki/Islam_in_New_Zealand" title="Islam in New Zealand">Islam</a>, 0.2% <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_religious_beliefs" class="mw-redirect" title="Māori religious beliefs">Māori religious beliefs</a>, 0.7% <a href="/wiki/Buddhism_in_New_Zealand" title="Buddhism in New Zealand">Buddhist</a>, 0.5% <a href="/wiki/New_Age" title="New Age">New Age</a>, 0.1% <a href="/wiki/Judaism_in_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Judaism in New Zealand">Jewish</a>, and 1.4% other religions. People who answered that they had <a href="/wiki/Irreligion_in_New_Zealand" title="Irreligion in New Zealand">no religion</a> were 60.3%, and 6.6% of people did not answer the census question. </p><p>Of those at least 15 years old, 40,458 (19.9%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, 106,080 (52.2%) had a post-high school certificate or diploma, and 43,974 (21.6%) people exclusively held high school qualifications. The median income was $39,100, compared with $41,500 nationally. 19,692 people (9.7%) earned over $100,000 compared to 12.1% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 101,514 (50.0%) people were employed full-time, 31,086 (15.3%) were part-time, and 4,848 (2.4%) were unemployed.<sup id="cite_ref-Census_2023_24-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Census_2023-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The majority of the population of European lineage is of <a href="/wiki/Scotland" title="Scotland">Scottish</a> stock—the descendants of early Scottish settlers from the early 19th century. Other well-represented European groups include those of English, Irish, and Dutch descent. A large proportion of the Māori population are from the <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> <a href="/wiki/Iwi" title="Iwi">iwi</a> or tribe. Other significant ethnic minorities include Asians, Pacific Islanders, Africans, Latin Americans and Middle Easterners.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Otago's early waves of settlement, especially during and immediately after the gold rush of the 1860s, included a substantial minority of southern (<a href="/wiki/Guangdong" title="Guangdong">Guangdong</a>) Chinese settlers, and a smaller but also prominent number of people from <a href="/wiki/Lebanon" title="Lebanon">Lebanon</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The region's Jewish population also experienced a small influx at this time. The early and middle years of the twentieth century saw smaller influxes of immigrants from several mainland European countries, most notably the <a href="/wiki/Netherlands" title="Netherlands">Netherlands</a>. </p><p>In line with the region's Scottish heritage, <a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterianism</a> is the largest Christian denomination with 17.1 percent affiliating, while <a href="/wiki/Roman_Catholic_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Roman Catholic Church">Catholicism</a> is the second-largest denomination with 11.5 percent affiliating.<sup id="cite_ref-quickstats_culture_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-quickstats_culture-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap 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div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="locmap noviewer noresize thumb tright"><div class="thumbinner" style="width:282px"><div style="position:relative;width:280px;border:1px solid lightgray"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Otago"><img alt="Otago" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg/280px-Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg" decoding="async" width="280" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f2/Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg/420px-Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f2/Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg 2x" data-file-width="500" data-file-height="600" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:42.034%;left:92.561%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Oamaru"><img alt="Oamaru" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Oamaru" title="Oamaru">Oamaru</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:70.027%;left:77.672%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Dunedin"><img alt="Dunedin" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:39.62%;left:20.909%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Queenstown"><img alt="Queenstown" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Queenstown,_New_Zealand" title="Queenstown, New Zealand">Queenstown</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:46.552%;left:42.418%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Alexandra"><img alt="Alexandra" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Alexandra,_New_Zealand" title="Alexandra, New Zealand">Alexandra</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:82.621%;left:53.343%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Balclutha"><img alt="Balclutha" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pl" style="width:6em;right:5px"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/Balclutha,_New_Zealand" title="Balclutha, New Zealand">Balclutha</a></div></div></div><div class="od notheme" style="top:26.444%;left:32.789%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-4px;top:-4px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Wānaka"><img alt="Wānaka" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/8px-Red_pog.svg.png" decoding="async" width="8" height="8" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/12px-Red_pog.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Red_pog.svg/16px-Red_pog.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="64" data-file-height="64" /></span></span></div><div class="pv" style="width:6em;bottom:5px;left:-3em"><div style="background-color:lightblue"><a href="/wiki/W%C4%81naka" title="Wānaka">Wānaka</a></div></div></div></div><div class="thumbcaption"><div class="magnify"><a href="/wiki/File:Otago_Map_Physical_New_Zealand.jpg" title="File:Otago Map Physical New Zealand.jpg">class=notpageimage| </a></div>Locations of main settlements in Otago</div></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Politics">Politics</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Politics"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Local_government">Local government</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Local government"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The seat of the Otago Regional Council is in Dunedin. The council is chaired by Andrew Noone as of July 2021<sup class="plainlinks noexcerpt noprint asof-tag update" style="display:none;"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit">[update]</a></sup>. </p><p>There are five <a href="/wiki/Territorial_authorities_of_New_Zealand" title="Territorial authorities of New Zealand">territorial authorities</a> in Otago: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Queenstown-Lakes_District" title="Queenstown-Lakes District">Queenstown-Lakes District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_District" title="Central Otago District">Central Otago District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin City</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clutha_District" title="Clutha District">Clutha District</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waitaki,_New_Zealand" class="mw-redirect" title="Waitaki, New Zealand">Waitaki District</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Parliamentary_representation">Parliamentary representation</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Parliamentary representation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Otago is represented by four <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Parliament" title="New Zealand Parliament">parliamentary</a> <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_electorates" title="New Zealand electorates">electorates</a>. Dunedin and nearby towns are represented by the <a href="/wiki/Dunedin_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Dunedin (New Zealand electorate)">Dunedin</a> electorate, held by <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Taieri_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Taieri (New Zealand electorate)">Taieri</a> electorate, occupied by <a href="/wiki/Ingrid_Leary" title="Ingrid Leary">Ingrid Leary</a>. Both MPs are members of the Labour Party, and Dunedin has traditionally been a Labour stronghold. Since 2008 the rest of Otago has been divided between the large rural electorates of <a href="/wiki/Waitaki_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Waitaki (New Zealand electorate)">Waitaki</a>, which also includes some of the neighbouring <a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury Region</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Clutha-Southland" title="Clutha-Southland">Clutha-Southland</a>, which also includes most of the rural part of the neighbouring Southland Region. The Waitaki electorate has traditionally been a <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_National_Party" title="New Zealand National Party">National Party</a> stronghold and is currently held by <a href="/wiki/Miles_Anderson_(politician)" title="Miles Anderson (politician)">Miles Anderson</a>. The <a href="/wiki/Southland_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Southland (New Zealand electorate)">Southland</a> electorate, also a National Party stronghold, is currently represented by <a href="/wiki/Joseph_Mooney_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="Joseph Mooney (New Zealand politician)">Joseph Mooney</a>. The earlier <a href="/wiki/Otago_(New_Zealand_electorate)" title="Otago (New Zealand electorate)">Otago electorate</a> existed from 1978 to 2008, when it was split and merged into Waitaki and Clutha-Southland. </p><p>Two <a href="/wiki/Party-list_proportional_representation" title="Party-list proportional representation">list MPs</a> are based in Dunedin – <a href="/wiki/Michael_Woodhouse" title="Michael Woodhouse">Michael Woodhouse</a> of the National Party and <a href="/wiki/Rachel_Brooking" title="Rachel Brooking">Rachel Brooking</a> of the Labour Party. One-time Labour Party Deputy Leader <a href="/wiki/David_Parker_(New_Zealand_politician)" title="David Parker (New Zealand politician)">David Parker</a> is a former MP for the Otago electorate and currently a list MP. </p><p>Under the <a href="/wiki/M%C4%81ori_electorates" title="Māori electorates">Māori electorates</a> system, Otago is also part of the large <a href="/wiki/Te_Tai_Tonga_(New_Zealand_electorate)" class="mw-redirect" title="Te Tai Tonga (New Zealand electorate)">Te Tai Tonga</a> electorate, which covers the entire South Island and surrounding islands, and is currently held by Te Pāti Māori Party MP <a href="/wiki/T%C4%81kuta_Ferris" title="Tākuta Ferris">Tākuta Ferris</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ngāi_Tahu_governance"><span id="Ng.C4.81i_Tahu_governance"></span>Ngāi Tahu governance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Ngāi Tahu governance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Three of the 18 <a href="/wiki/Ng%C4%81i_Tahu" title="Ngāi Tahu">Ngāi Tahu</a> <a href="/wiki/R%C5%ABnanga" title="Rūnanga">Rūnanga</a> (councils) are based in the Otago Region. Each one is centred on a coastal marae, namely <a href="/wiki/Otakou" title="Otakou">Ōtākou</a>, <a href="/wiki/Moeraki" title="Moeraki">Moeraki</a> and Puketeraki at <a href="/wiki/Karitane" title="Karitane">Karitane</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also the Arai Te Uru Marae in Dunedin.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Economy">Economy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Economy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The subnational gross domestic product (GDP) of Otago was estimated at NZ$14.18 billion<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> in the year to March 2020, 4.38% of New Zealand's national GDP. The regional GDP per capita was estimated at $58,353 in the same period. In the year to March 2018, primary industries contributed $1.25 billion (9.8%) to the regional GDP, goods-producing industries contributed $2.38 billion (18.6%), service industries contributed $8.05 billion (63.0%), and taxes and duties contributed $1.10 billion (8.6%).<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Otago has a mixed economy. Dunedin is home to manufacturing, publishing and technology-based industries. Rural economies have been reinvigorated in the 1990s and 2000s: in Clutha district, farms have been converted from sheep to more lucrative dairying. Vineyard planting and production remained modest until the middle of the 1990s when the <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_wine" title="New Zealand wine">New Zealand wine</a> industry began to expand rapidly. The <a href="/wiki/Central_Otago_wine_region" title="Central Otago wine region">Central Otago wine region</a> produces wine made from varieties such as the <a href="/wiki/Pinot_noir" title="Pinot noir">Pinot noir</a>, <a href="/wiki/Chardonnay" title="Chardonnay">Chardonnay</a>, <a href="/wiki/Sauvignon_blanc" title="Sauvignon blanc">Sauvignon blanc</a>, <a href="/wiki/Merlot" title="Merlot">Merlot</a> and <a href="/wiki/Riesling" title="Riesling">Riesling</a> grapes. It has an increasing reputation as New Zealand's leading Pinot noir region.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Education">Education</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Education"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Otago has numerous rural primary schools, several small town primary and secondary schools, and some larger schools in <a href="/wiki/Dunedin" title="Dunedin">Dunedin</a>. Most are state schools which do not charge tuition, except for international students.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Some are state integrated schools, former private schools with a special character based on a religious or philosophical belief that has been integrated into the state system, but still charge "attendance dues" to cover the building and maintenance of school buildings. These schools are not owned by the government, but otherwise they like state schools cannot charge fees for tuition of domestic students but may request a donation. As Dunedin was founded by <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian" class="mw-redirect" title="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</a> Scottish settlers there are a Presbyterian girls' and boys' school in the city. Unlike other major cities in New Zealand, Dunedin does not have any private intermediate or high schools, as all remaining private intermediate and high schools have been integrated into the state system. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/North_Otago" title="North Otago">North Otago</a>, the northern area of the region</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Central_Rail_Trail" title="Otago Central Rail Trail">Otago Central Rail Trail</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otago_Rugby_Football_Union" title="Otago Rugby Football Union">Otago Rugby Football Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Otago_Rugby_Football_Union" title="North Otago Rugby Football Union">North Otago Rugby Football Union</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-NZ_population_data_2018-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-NZ_population_data_2018_1-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/">"Aotearoa Data Explorer"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">26 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/regional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2022/">"Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2022"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>. 24 March 2023. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075122/https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/regional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2022/">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">4 April</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Regional+gross+domestic+product%3A+Year+ended+March+2022&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2023-03-24&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2Fregional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2022%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobalDataLab-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-GlobalDataLab_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">"Sub-national HDI – Area Database – Global Data Lab"</a>. <i>hdi.globaldatalab.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180923120638/https://hdi.globaldatalab.org/areadata/shdi/">Archived</a> from the original on 23 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=hdi.globaldatalab.org&rft.atitle=Sub-national+HDI+%E2%80%93+Area+Database+%E2%80%93+Global+Data+Lab&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fhdi.globaldatalab.org%2Fareadata%2Fshdi%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJones2003" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)" title="Daniel Jones (phonetician)">Jones, Daniel</a> (2003) [1917], Peter Roach; James Hartmann; Jane Setter (eds.), <i>English Pronouncing Dictionary</i>, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2" title="Special:BookSources/3-12-539683-2"><bdi>3-12-539683-2</bdi></a></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=English+Pronouncing+Dictionary&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=3-12-539683-2&rft.aulast=Jones&rft.aufirst=Daniel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20100830235554/http://www.orc.govt.nz/About-us-and-the-Region/About-the-Region/">"About the Otago region"</a>. Otago Regional Council. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.orc.govt.nz/About-us-and-the-Region/About-the-Region/">the original</a> on 30 August 2010.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=About+the+Otago+region&rft.pub=Otago+Regional+Council&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orc.govt.nz%2FAbout-us-and-the-Region%2FAbout-the-Region%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2012" class="citation book cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-5"><i>Otago region – The Otago settlement</i></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170615034959/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-5">Archived</a> from the original on 15 June 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 March</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+The+Otago+settlement&rft.date=2012&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Peter Entwisle, <i>Behold the Moon: The European Occupation of the Dunedin District 1770–1848</i>, Dunedin, NZ: Port Daniel Press, 1998 (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-473-05591-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-473-05591-0">0-473-05591-0</a>), appendix 1 pp.136–139.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAtikSwaffield2017" class="citation journal cs1">Atik, Meryem; Swaffield, Simon (4 July 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/01426397.2017.1283395">"Place names and landscape character: a case study from Otago Region, New Zealand"</a>. <i>Landscape Research</i>. <b>42</b> (5): 455–470. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F01426397.2017.1283395">10.1080/01426397.2017.1283395</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0142-6397">0142-6397</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Landscape+Research&rft.atitle=Place+names+and+landscape+character%3A+a+case+study+from+Otago+Region%2C+New+Zealand&rft.volume=42&rft.issue=5&rft.pages=455-470&rft.date=2017-07-04&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F01426397.2017.1283395&rft.issn=0142-6397&rft.aulast=Atik&rft.aufirst=Meryem&rft.au=Swaffield%2C+Simon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.tandfonline.com%2Fdoi%2Ffull%2F10.1080%2F01426397.2017.1283395&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-5">"Otago region – The Otago settlement"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075123/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-5">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+The+Otago+settlement&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-5&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-6">"Otago region – Wool and farming"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181201135246/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-6">Archived</a> from the original on 1 December 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+Wool+and+farming&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-6&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-7">"Otago region – Gold and development"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20181130155123/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-7">Archived</a> from the original on 30 November 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+Gold+and+development&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-7&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-14">"Otago region – Art, writing and music"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075203/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-14">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+Art%2C+writing+and+music&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-14&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.otago.ac.nz/about/history/index.html">"History of the University of Otago"</a>. <i>www.otago.ac.nz</i>. University of Otago. 7 August 2019. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075120/https://www.otago.ac.nz/about/history">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.otago.ac.nz&rft.atitle=History+of+the+University+of+Otago&rft.date=2019-08-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.otago.ac.nz%2Fabout%2Fhistory%2Findex.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://rulers.org/newzprov.html">"New Zealand Provinces 1848–77"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180429031451/http://www.rulers.org/newzprov.html">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 December</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=New+Zealand+Provinces+1848%E2%80%9377&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Frulers.org%2Fnewzprov.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2015" class="citation web cs1">Green, Carla (2 September 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.odt.co.nz/news/dunedin/picks-underwhelming-otago-flag-designer-says">"Picks 'underwhelming', Otago flag designer says"</a>. <i>www.odt.co.nz</i>. Otago Daily Times<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 February</span> 2023</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.odt.co.nz&rft.atitle=Picks+%27underwhelming%27%2C+Otago+flag+designer+says&rft.date=2015-09-02&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Carla&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.odt.co.nz%2Fnews%2Fdunedin%2Fpicks-underwhelming-otago-flag-designer-says&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-landscape-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-landscape_16-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-landscape_16-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-2">"Otago region – Geology and landscape"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075139/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-2">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+Geology+and+landscape&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Heads1989-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Heads1989_17-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Heads, Michael (1989). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mypPBKZTdKEC&pg=PA572">Integrating earth and life sciences in New Zealand natural history: the parallel arcs model</a>, <i>New Zealand Journal of Zoology</i> 16, pp. 549–585.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-climate-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-climate_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcKinnon2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">McKinnon, Malcolm (1 May 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-3">"Otago region – Climate, plants and animals"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Te_Ara:_The_Encyclopedia_of_New_Zealand" title="Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand">Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200812220246/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-3">Archived</a> from the original on 12 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region+%E2%80%93+Climate%2C+plants+and+animals&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-05-01&rft.aulast=McKinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fteara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2Fpage-3&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrenstrum2016" class="citation news cs1">Brenstrum, Erick (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/broken-record/">"Broken record"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Geographic" title="New Zealand Geographic">New Zealand Geographic</a></i>. No. 137. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200811005842/https://www.nzgeo.com/stories/broken-record/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 August 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=New+Zealand+Geographic&rft.atitle=Broken+record&rft.issue=137&rft.date=2016&rft.aulast=Brenstrum&rft.aufirst=Erick&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nzgeo.com%2Fstories%2Fbroken-record%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Area-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Area_20-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787">"ArcGIS Web Application"</a>. <i>statsnz.maps.arcgis.com</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230324152440/https://statsnz.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?id=6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787">Archived</a> from the original on 24 March 2023<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 February</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=statsnz.maps.arcgis.com&rft.atitle=ArcGIS+Web+Application&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fstatsnz.maps.arcgis.com%2Fapps%2Fwebappviewer%2Findex.html%3Fid%3D6f49867abe464f86ac7526552fe19787&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckinnon2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mckinnon, Malcolm (17 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/11">"Otago region: Population and employment since 1920"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091021041339/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/11">Archived</a> from the original on 21 October 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region%3A+Population+and+employment+since+1920&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2009-08-17&rft.aulast=Mckinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2F11&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-orr-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-orr_22-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMckinnon2009" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mckinnon, Malcolm (19 August 2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/1">"Otago region: Overview"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075128/https://teara.govt.nz/en/otago-region/page-1">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Otago+region%3A+Overview&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2009-08-19&rft.aulast=Mckinnon&rft.aufirst=Malcolm&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fotago-region%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Census_2023-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_24-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_24-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Census_2023_24-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_008&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=hq011%2Bhq010%2Bhq009%2Bhq008%2Bhq007%2Bhq006%2Bhq005%2Bhq004%2Bhq003%2Bhq002%2Bhq001%2Bhq000%2Bws1%2Bsp99%2Bra80%2Bra08%2Bra07%2Bra06%2Bra05%2Bra01%2Bra04%2Bra03%2Bra02%2Bra00%2Brb1%2Bls66%2Bls03%2Bls02%2Bls05%2Bls04%2Bls01%2Beg6%2Beg5%2Beg4%2Beg3%2Beg2%2Beg1%2BbiTotal%2Bbi0%2Bbi1%2BasTotalLG%2Bas4%2Bas3%2Bas2%2Bas1%2Bws4%2Bws3%2Bws2%2Bge3%2Bge2%2Bge1%2Brc%2BasMed%2BegTotal%2BlsTotal%2BgeTotal%2BrbTotal%2BraTotal%2BhqTotal%2BibTotal%2Bibmed%2BwsTotal.14.2013%2B2018%2B2023&to%5bTIME%5d=false&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_IND_003&ly%5bcl%5d=CEN23_YEAR_001">"Totals by topic for individuals, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer. Otago Region (14)<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+individuals%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pages=Otago+Region+%2814%29&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_008%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3Dhq011%252Bhq010%252Bhq009%252Bhq008%252Bhq007%252Bhq006%252Bhq005%252Bhq004%252Bhq003%252Bhq002%252Bhq001%252Bhq000%252Bws1%252Bsp99%252Bra80%252Bra08%252Bra07%252Bra06%252Bra05%252Bra01%252Bra04%252Bra03%252Bra02%252Bra00%252Brb1%252Bls66%252Bls03%252Bls02%252Bls05%252Bls04%252Bls01%252Beg6%252Beg5%252Beg4%252Beg3%252Beg2%252Beg1%252BbiTotal%252Bbi0%252Bbi1%252BasTotalLG%252Bas4%252Bas3%252Bas2%252Bas1%252Bws4%252Bws3%252Bws2%252Bge3%252Bge2%252Bge1%252Brc%252BasMed%252BegTotal%252BlsTotal%252BgeTotal%252BrbTotal%252BraTotal%252BhqTotal%252BibTotal%252Bibmed%252BwsTotal.14.2013%252B2018%252B2023%26to%5BTIME%5D%3Dfalse%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_IND_003%26ly%5Bcl%5D%3DCEN23_YEAR_001&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-25">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2001-census-data/2001-census-regional-summary.aspx">"2001 Census: Regional summary"</a>. <i>archive.stats.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20200929211821/http://archive.stats.govt.nz/Census/2001-census-data/2001-census-regional-summary.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 September 2020<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=archive.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=2001+Census%3A+Regional+summary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Farchive.stats.govt.nz%2FCensus%2F2001-census-data%2F2001-census-regional-summary.aspx&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2013culture-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2013culture_26-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8279">"Birthplace (detailed), for the census usually resident population count, 2006, 2013, and 2018 Censuses (RC, TA, SA2, DHB)"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240515075118/https://nzdotstat.stats.govt.nz/wbos/Index.aspx?DataSetCode=TABLECODE8279">Archived</a> from the original on 15 May 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Birthplace+%28detailed%29%2C+for+the+census+usually+resident+population+count%2C+2006%2C+2013%2C+and+2018+Censuses+%28RC%2C+TA%2C+SA2%2C+DHB%29&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fnzdotstat.stats.govt.nz%2Fwbos%2FIndex.aspx%3FDataSetCode%3DTABLECODE8279&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-27">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://explore.data.stats.govt.nz/vis?fs%5b0%5d=2023%20Census%2C0%7CTotals%20by%20topic%23CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%23&pg=0&fc=Variable%20codes&bp=true&snb=9&df%5bds%5d=ds-nsiws-disseminate&df%5bid%5d=CEN23_TBT_005&df%5bag%5d=STATSNZ&df%5bvs%5d=1.0&dq=doTotal%2Bdo1.14.2023&ly%5brw%5d=CEN23_TBT_DWD_003">"Totals by topic for dwellings, (RC, TALB, UR, SA3, SA2, Ward, Health), 2013, 2018, and 2023 Censuses"</a>. Stats NZ - Tatauranga Aotearoa - Aotearoa Data Explorer<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 October</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Totals+by+topic+for+dwellings%2C+%28RC%2C+TALB%2C+UR%2C+SA3%2C+SA2%2C+Ward%2C+Health%29%2C+2013%2C+2018%2C+and+2023+Censuses&rft.pub=Stats+NZ+-+Tatauranga+Aotearoa+-+Aotearoa+Data+Explorer&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fexplore.data.stats.govt.nz%2Fvis%3Ffs%5B0%5D%3D2023%2520Census%252C0%257CTotals%2520by%2520topic%2523CAT_TOTALS_BY_TOPIC%2523%26pg%3D0%26fc%3DVariable%2520codes%26bp%3Dtrue%26snb%3D9%26df%5Bds%5D%3Dds-nsiws-disseminate%26df%5Bid%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_005%26df%5Bag%5D%3DSTATSNZ%26df%5Bvs%5D%3D1.0%26dq%3DdoTotal%252Bdo1.14.2023%26ly%5Brw%5D%3DCEN23_TBT_DWD_003&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?type=region&ParentID=1000001&tab=Culturaldiversity&id=1000014">"QuickStats About Otago: Cultural Diversity"</a>. Statistics New Zealand. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20091116012524/http://www.stats.govt.nz/Census/2006CensusHomePage/QuickStats/AboutAPlace/SnapShot.aspx?ParentID=1000001&type=region&tab=Culturaldiversity&id=1000014">Archived</a> from the original on 16 November 2009<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">18 February</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=QuickStats+About+Otago%3A+Cultural+Diversity&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2FCensus%2F2006CensusHomePage%2FQuickStats%2FAboutAPlace%2FSnapShot.aspx%3Ftype%3Dregion%26ParentID%3D1000001%26tab%3DCulturaldiversity%26id%3D1000014&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVeitchTinawi2015" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Veitch, James; Tinawi, Dalia (1 March 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.teara.govt.nz/en/middle-eastern-peoples/1">"Middle Eastern peoples – The Lebanese"</a>. <i>Te Ara: The Encyclopedia of New Zealand</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20121105082443/http://www.teara.govt.nz/en/middle-eastern-peoples/1">Archived</a> from the original on 5 November 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 April</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Middle+Eastern+peoples+%E2%80%93+The+Lebanese&rft.btitle=Te+Ara%3A+The+Encyclopedia+of+New+Zealand&rft.date=2015-03-01&rft.aulast=Veitch&rft.aufirst=James&rft.au=Tinawi%2C+Dalia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.teara.govt.nz%2Fen%2Fmiddle-eastern-peoples%2F1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-quickstats_culture-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-quickstats_culture_30-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140524102811/http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/tables.xls">"2013 Census QuickStats about culture and identity – data tables"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Statistics_New_Zealand" title="Statistics New Zealand">Statistics New Zealand</a>. 15 April 2014. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stats.govt.nz/~/media/Statistics/Census/2013%20Census/profile-and-summary-reports/quickstats-culture-identity/tables.xls">the original</a> on 24 May 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2 February</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=2013+Census+QuickStats+about+culture+and+identity+%E2%80%93+data+tables&rft.pub=Statistics+New+Zealand&rft.date=2014-04-15&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2F~%2Fmedia%2FStatistics%2FCensus%2F2013%2520Census%2Fprofile-and-summary-reports%2Fquickstats-culture-identity%2Ftables.xls&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span> Note some percentages may not add to 100 percent as people could give multiple responses or object to answering.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/te-runanga-o-ngai-tahu/papatipu-runanga/">"Papatipu Rūnanga"</a>. <i>Te Rūnanga o Ngāi Tahu</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180911081636/https://ngaitahu.iwi.nz/te-runanga-o-ngai-tahu/papatipu-runanga/">Archived</a> from the original on 11 September 2018<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Te+R%C5%ABnanga+o+Ng%C4%81i+Tahu&rft.atitle=Papatipu+R%C5%ABnanga&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fngaitahu.iwi.nz%2Fte-runanga-o-ngai-tahu%2Fpapatipu-runanga%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.araiteuru.co.nz/">"Arai Te Uru Whare Hauora"</a>. <i>Arai Te Uru Whare Hauora</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20190130162942/http://www.araiteuru.co.nz/">Archived</a> from the original on 30 January 2019<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 January</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Arai+Te+Uru+Whare+Hauora&rft.atitle=Arai+Te+Uru+Whare+Hauora&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.araiteuru.co.nz%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/regional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2020">"Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2020 | Stats NZ"</a>. <i>www.stats.govt.nz</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170429114110/http://www.stats.govt.nz/browse_for_stats/economic_indicators/NationalAccounts/rgdp-YeMar16-infographic.aspx">Archived</a> from the original on 29 April 2017<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">27 May</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Regional+gross+domestic+product%3A+Year+ended+March+2020+%7C+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2Fregional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2020&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.stats.govt.nz/information-releases/regional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2019">"Regional gross domestic product: Year ended March 2019 | Stats NZ"</a>. <i>www.stats.govt.nz</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">21 May</span> 2020</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=www.stats.govt.nz&rft.atitle=Regional+gross+domestic+product%3A+Year+ended+March+2019+%7C+Stats+NZ&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.stats.govt.nz%2Finformation-releases%2Fregional-gross-domestic-product-year-ended-march-2019&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.scoop.co.nz/stories/AK0611/S00117.htm">"Central Otago wine success at home and abroad"</a>. 11 November 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">9 October</span> 2007</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Central+Otago+wine+success+at+home+and+abroad&rft.date=2006-11-11&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.scoop.co.nz%2Fstories%2FAK0611%2FS00117.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20060714010803/http://nzplc.massey.ac.nz/default.asp?page=docs%2Fboard%2Fschoolfee.htm">"School Donations & Fees"</a>. <a href="/wiki/New_Zealand_Ministry_of_Education" class="mw-redirect" title="New Zealand Ministry of Education">New Zealand Ministry of Education</a>. 23 June 1998. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nzplc.massey.ac.nz/default.asp?page=docs/board/schoolfee.htm">the original</a> on 14 July 2006<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">23 June</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=School+Donations+%26+Fees&rft.pub=New+Zealand+Ministry+of+Education&rft.date=1998-06-23&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnzplc.massey.ac.nz%2Fdefault.asp%3Fpage%3Ddocs%2Fboard%2Fschoolfee.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20071206071452/http://www.edusearch.co.nz/content/nzschoolsystem.php">"about NZ education"</a>. EduSearch. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.edusearch.co.nz/content/nzschoolsystem.php">the original</a> on 6 December 2007<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">8 June</span> 2008</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=about+NZ+education&rft.pub=EduSearch&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.edusearch.co.nz%2Fcontent%2Fnzschoolsystem.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AOtago" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Otago&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/16px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/24px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg/32px-Wikivoyage-Logo-v3-icon.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="193" data-file-height="193" /></a></span> <a href="https://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Otago#Q692912" class="extiw" title="voy:Otago">Otago</a> travel guide from Wikivoyage</li></ul> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/24px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> Media related to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Otago_Region" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Otago Region">Otago Region</a> at Wikimedia Commons</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Regions_of_New_Zealand" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Regions_of_New_Zealand" title="Regions of New Zealand">Regions of New Zealand</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/North_Island" title="North Island">North Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Northland_Region" title="Northland Region">Northland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auckland_Region" title="Auckland Region">Auckland</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Waikato" title="Waikato">Waikato</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bay_of_Plenty_Region" title="Bay of Plenty Region">Bay of Plenty</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gisborne_District" title="Gisborne District">Gisborne</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hawke%27s_Bay" title="Hawke's Bay">Hawke's Bay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taranaki" title="Taranaki">Taranaki</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manawat%C5%AB-Whanganui" title="Manawatū-Whanganui">Manawatū-Whanganui</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wellington_Region" title="Wellington Region">Wellington</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="2" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/80px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png" decoding="async" width="80" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/120px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg/160px-Flag_of_New_Zealand.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1200" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/South_Island" title="South Island">South Island</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tasman_District" title="Tasman District">Tasman</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nelson,_New_Zealand" title="Nelson, New Zealand">Nelson</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marlborough_District" title="Marlborough District">Marlborough</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Coast_Region" title="West Coast Region">West Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canterbury_Region" title="Canterbury Region">Canterbury</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Otago</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southland_Region" title="Southland Region">Southland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div>* Governed by a <a href="/wiki/Unitary_authority#New_Zealand" title="Unitary authority">unitary authority</a> rather than a regional council</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692912#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692912#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q692912#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/130336289">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/1267407/">FAST</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/276707-7">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n93113558">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Otago (Nový Zéland)"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=ge598335&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007530894305171">Israel</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Geographic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/area/8d1a15c7-7e15-4b3b-afa1-be292a31680a">MusicBrainz area</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <p><span class="geo-inline-hidden noexcerpt"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Otago&params=45_52_50_S_170_29_46_E_region:NZ-OTA_type:adm1st"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">45°52′50″S</span> <span class="longitude">170°29′46″E</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for 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