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href="#Station_logos"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6.1</span> <span>Station logos</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Station_logos-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div 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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Asturian" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="Asturian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%AF%DB%8C%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%84%DB%8C_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D9%BE%D8%A7%D9%86%DB%8C%D8%A7" title="رادیو ملی اسپانیا – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="رادیو ملی اسپانیا" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNE" title="RNE – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="RNE" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%A9%E3%82%B8%E3%82%AA%E3%83%BB%E3%83%8A%E3%82%B7%E3%82%AA%E3%83%8A%E3%83%AB%E3%83%BB%E3%83%87%E3%83%BB%E3%82%A8%E3%82%B9%E3%83%91%E3%83%BC%E3%83%8B%E3%83%A3" title="ラジオ・ナシオナル・デ・エスパーニャ – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ラジオ・ナシオナル・デ・エスパーニャ" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional_de_Espanha" title="Rádio Nacional de Espanha – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Rádio Nacional de Espanha" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%98%D1%81%D0%BF%D0%B0%D0%BD%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BE" title="Испанское национальное радио – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Испанское национальное радио" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/RNE" title="RNE – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="RNE" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Radio Nacional de España – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Radio Nacional de España" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q2302267#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div 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searchaux" style="display:none">National public-service radio network of Spain</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/RNE_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="RNE (disambiguation)">RNE</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output 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data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" title="Special:EditPage/Radio Nacional de España">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Radio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22">"Radio Nacional de España"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Radio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Radio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Radio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Radio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Radio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">April 2021</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org">Radio Nacional de España</caption><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image logo"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RNE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/200px-Logo_RNE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="200" height="101" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/300px-Logo_RNE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/400px-Logo_RNE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="259" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Logo used since 2008</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Type</th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">Radio broadcasting</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Country</th><td class="infobox-data adr"><div style="display:inline;" class="country-name">Spain</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Availability</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li>Spain</li> <li>Andorra</li> <li>Worldwide (international station and <a href="/wiki/RTVE_Play" title="RTVE Play">online</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Radio stations</th><td class="infobox-data"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio Nacional (Spanish radio station)">Radio Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica" title="Radio Clásica">Radio Clásica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_3_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 3 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A0dio_4" title="Ràdio 4">Ràdio 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_5_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 5 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 5</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Headquarters</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Prado_del_Rey_(studios)" title="Prado del Rey (studios)">Prado del Rey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a> (<a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a>)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;">Parent</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">Radiotelevisión Española</a> (RTVE)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Launch date</div></th><td class="infobox-data">19 January 1937<span class="noprint">; 87 years ago</span><span style="display:none"> (<span class="bday dtstart published updated">1937-01-19</span>)</span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">International station</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:1.0em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Official website</div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/radio/">rtve.es/radio</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Radio Nacional de España</b> (acronym <b>RNE</b>, branded <b>rne</b>, <abbr title="literal translation">lit. transl.</abbr> "National Radio of Spain") is the national <a href="/wiki/Government-owned_corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="Government-owned corporation">state-owned</a> <a href="/wiki/Public_service_broadcasting" class="mw-redirect" title="Public service broadcasting">public service</a> radio broadcaster in Spain. </p><p>RNE is the radio division and <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">Televisión Española</a> (TVE) is the television division of <a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">Radiotelevisión Española</a> (RTVE), the public corporation which has the overall responsibility for the national broadcasting public services under a <a href="/wiki/Congress_of_Deputies" title="Congress of Deputies">Parliament</a>-appointed <a href="/wiki/Chair_of_RTVE" title="Chair of RTVE">president</a> who, in addition to being answerable to a board of directors, reports to an all-party committee of the national parliament, as provided for in the Public Radio and Television Law of 2006. </p><p>RNE launched its <a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio Nacional (Spanish radio station)">first station</a> on 19 January 1937. It is currently headquartered at Casa de la Radio at <a href="/wiki/Prado_del_Rey_(studios)" title="Prado del Rey (studios)">Prado del Rey</a> in <a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Origins_of_RNE">Origins of RNE</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Origins of RNE"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>RNE officially came into existence in <a href="/wiki/Salamanca" title="Salamanca">Salamanca</a> on 19 January 1937, at the height of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> (1936–39), and was dependent upon the recently created <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Delegación de Estado para Prensa y Propaganda</i></span></i> (State Delegation for Press and Propaganda). The station's studios were in Palacio de Anaya, the headquarters of the <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Oficina de Prensa y Propaganda</i></span></i> (Office for Press and Propaganda), whose first directors were also those of RNE. </p><p>RNE's first <a href="/wiki/Transmitter" title="Transmitter">transmitter</a>, which had a broadcasting power of 20 kW and was constructed by <a href="/wiki/Telefunken" title="Telefunken">Telefunken</a>, was a gift from the government of the <a href="/wiki/Third_Reich" class="mw-redirect" title="Third Reich">Third Reich</a> to <a href="/wiki/Francoist_Spain" title="Francoist Spain">Francoist Spain</a>. </p><p>It was at this time that the immense propaganda potential of radio became apparent, and from 14 June 1937 RNE became the nationalists' leading radio station. That distinction had until then been held by <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Radio Castilla de Burgos</i></span></i>, which produced the information and propaganda that all of the radio stations that had fallen into the hands of the nationalist forces were obliged to carry. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="After_the_Spanish_Civil_War">After the Spanish Civil War</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: After the Spanish Civil War"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>On 6 October 1939, at the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a>, the leader of the victorious <a href="/wiki/Nationalist_faction_(Spanish_Civil_War)" title="Nationalist faction (Spanish Civil War)">Nationalist forces</a>, General <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Francisco Franco</a>, issued an order subjecting private radio broadcasting to censorship by the official political party of the state, <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es"><a href="/wiki/FET_y_de_las_JONS" title="FET y de las JONS">FET y de las JONS</a></i></span></i>, and furthermore granting RNE the exclusive right to transmit <a href="/wiki/News_bulletin" class="mw-redirect" title="News bulletin">news bulletins</a>. </p><p>In consequence, all broadcasters (private as well as public) were obliged to connect twice daily with RNE and re-transmit the government-approved news bulletins produced by the official radio channel. These bulletins, normally broadcast in the early afternoon at 14.30 and in the late evening at 22.00, were officially entitled <i>Diario Hablado</i>, although – given their origin in the war dispatches (<i>partes de guerra</i>) of 1936–1939 and their continued militaristic tone – they were long popularly referred to as <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">El Parte</i></span></i>. </p><p>The only other sources of information available to radio listeners in Spain at that time were the Spanish-language bulletins broadcast by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and by French Radio from <a href="/wiki/Toulouse" title="Toulouse">Toulouse</a>, as well as the programmes of Radio España Independiente, which was a radio station established by the Communist Party of Spain in exile in Moscow (although known as <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">La Pirenaica</i></span></i> since it was believed to broadcast from a location somewhere in the Pyrenees<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>). </p><p>Although from the time of the Civil War there had already been <a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">foreign broadcasts</a> in various languages, it was not until April 1945 that the installation of the central <a href="/wiki/Short_wave" class="mw-redirect" title="Short wave">short wave</a> transmitter at Arganda del Rey (Madrid) would provide 40 kW of broadcasting power, which was very strong for this period. Foreign broadcasting thus acquired a great importance, with transmissions (in Spanish as much as in English) directed especially at <a href="/wiki/The_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="The Americas">America</a>. </p><p>In 1940, RNE's headquarters were transferred to <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During this post-<a href="/wiki/Spanish_Civil_War" title="Spanish Civil War">Spanish Civil War</a> and early <a href="/wiki/Second_World_War" class="mw-redirect" title="Second World War">Second World War</a> era – before the <a href="/wiki/Allies_of_World_War_II" title="Allies of World War II">Allied</a> arrival in Italy in 1943 and the German retreat from <a href="/wiki/Stalingrad" class="mw-redirect" title="Stalingrad">Stalingrad</a> – RNE collaborated with the <a href="/wiki/Axis_powers" title="Axis powers">Axis powers</a> in retransmitting in Spanish news from the official radio stations of Germany and Italy. </p><p>It was from this moment on that the slow journey of Spanish public radio began, motivated by the poor quality of the media on the one hand, and the international block on the other which impeded, until 1955, the entry of RNE into the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a>. </p><p>The end of the 1950s and beginning of the 1960s saw the introduction of advanced technologies such as <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">frequency modulation</a> (FM) and transmissions in stereo. A parallel commercial channel, <i>Radio Peninsular</i>, was also created. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_1960s_and_1970s:_a_time_of_growth">The 1960s and 1970s: a time of growth</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: The 1960s and 1970s: a time of growth"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>1964 was the first year of a major restructuring exercise at RNE which was to see the establishment of a network of regional broadcasting centres equipped with powerful 250 to 500 kW <a href="/wiki/Mediumwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Mediumwave">mediumwave</a> transmitters. These gave RNE full coverage of not just the national territory but a good part, too, of the rest of Europe (especially at night). The regional transmitters normally all broadcast the same signal, relayed from the main studios in <a href="/wiki/Madrid" title="Madrid">Madrid</a>, although provision was made for them to <a href="/wiki/Opt_out" class="mw-redirect" title="Opt out">opt out</a> at certain times of day and transmit regional news from their own local studios. This was the foundation of today's Radio 1 (now <a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio Nacional (Spanish radio station)">Radio Nacional</a>). </p><p>In November 1965 RNE opened a second network, using <a href="/wiki/Frequency_modulation" title="Frequency modulation">FM</a> transmitters and specializing in music – taking advantage of the superior sound quality offered by this method of <a href="/wiki/Transmission_(telecommunications)" class="mw-redirect" title="Transmission (telecommunications)">transmission</a>. This network eventually became the RNE channel which is today known as <a href="/wiki/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica" title="Radio Clásica">Radio Clásica</a>. </p><p>In 1971 a new <a href="/wiki/Shortwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Shortwave">shortwave</a> transmitter was inaugurated at <a href="/wiki/Noblejas" title="Noblejas">Noblejas</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Province_of_Toledo" title="Province of Toledo">province of Toledo</a>. Intended for the broadcasting of RNE's external services (now <a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a>), this transmitter was much more powerful than its predecessor sited at <a href="/wiki/Arganda_del_Rey" title="Arganda del Rey">Arganda del Rey</a>. These services were to undergo a far-reaching reform in 1975 when broadcasts in Russian and other <a href="/wiki/Slavic_languages" title="Slavic languages">Slavic languages</a>, directed at audiences behind the "<a href="/wiki/Iron_Curtain" title="Iron Curtain">Iron Curtain</a>", were withdrawn in favour of programmes intended for <a href="/wiki/Spanish_people" class="mw-redirect" title="Spanish people">Spaniards</a> and other Spanish-speaking people abroad. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_democratic_era">The democratic era</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: The democratic era"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The arrival of <a href="/wiki/Spanish_transition_to_democracy" title="Spanish transition to democracy">democracy to Spain</a> after the death of <a href="/wiki/Francisco_Franco" title="Francisco Franco">Franco</a> in 1975 produced several changes. One of these was the end, on 25 October 1977, of the private broadcasters' obligation to connect with RNE for the transmission of daily news bulletins. From then on, each broadcaster was free to determine the content of its own news programmes. </p><p>By the end of the 1970s, the broadcasts of <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Tercer Programa</i></span></i> (now <a href="/wiki/Radio_3_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 3 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 3</a>), which until then had only been transmitted in Madrid, were extended to the whole of Spain. RNE 3 offered educational and cultural programming, which was enlarged to include programmes on musical themes. </p><p>Throughout Francoist Spain a number of semi-official radio stations (<i>autorizadas</i>) had functioned in parallel with the private broadcasters and RNE, and belonged to organisations such as <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Confederación Nacional de Sindicatos</i></span></i> (National Confederation of Trade Unions), <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Movimiento</i></span></i>, and <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Organización Juvenil Espanola</i></span></i> (The Spanish Youth Organisation). These stations were merged in 1978 into <i>Radiocadena Española</i> (Spanish Radio Network). However, some of the transmitters had to be closed down because their <a href="/wiki/Frequencies" class="mw-redirect" title="Frequencies">frequencies</a> were not included in those assigned to Spain in the international agreements covering the distribution of the radio broadcasting spectrum. <i>Radiocadena Española</i> was merged in 1988 into Radio Nacional de España to form <a href="/wiki/R%C3%A0dio_4" title="Ràdio 4">Ràdio 4</a> (broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan</a>) and <a href="/wiki/Radio_5_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 5 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 5</a> (All-news radio station broadcasting in <a href="/wiki/Spanish_language" title="Spanish language">Spanish</a>). </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="RNE_today">RNE today</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: RNE today"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey,_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_(Madrid).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey%2C_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29.jpg/220px-Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey%2C_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey%2C_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29.jpg/330px-Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey%2C_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e6/Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey%2C_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29.jpg/440px-Casa_de_la_Radio_en_Prado_del_Rey%2C_Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n_%28Madrid%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3264" data-file-height="2448" /></a><figcaption>RNE's central studios, <b>Casa de la Radio</b> <i>(Radio House)</i> at <a href="/wiki/Prado_del_Rey_(studios)" title="Prado del Rey (studios)">Prado del Rey</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pozuelo_de_Alarc%C3%B3n" title="Pozuelo de Alarcón">Pozuelo de Alarcón</a> (<a href="/wiki/Community_of_Madrid" title="Community of Madrid">Madrid</a>).</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1989, <i>Radiocadena Española</i> and <i>Radio Nacional</i> were combined to produce the current format of six themed radio channels: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio Nacional (Spanish radio station)">Radio Nacional</a> (previously Radio 1) – <a href="/wiki/Generalist_channel" title="Generalist channel">Generalist channel</a> with a broad spectrum of mostly speech-based programming.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica" title="Radio Clásica">Radio Clásica</a> (previously Radio 2) – Concerts and classical music in general.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_3_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 3 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 3</a> – RNE's "youth station", concentrating on pop, rock, world music, folk, and related cultural events.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A0dio_4" title="Ràdio 4">Ràdio 4</a> – Regional broadcasting in the <a href="/wiki/Catalan_language" title="Catalan language">Catalan language</a>.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_5_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 5 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 5</a> – 24-hour news.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a> – <a href="/wiki/International_broadcasting" title="International broadcasting">International broadcasting</a> service on short wave, with an audience of 80 million listeners (surpassed only by the <a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a> and <a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">Vatican Radio</a>). This station is also transmitted via <a href="/wiki/Digital_Audio_Broadcasting" title="Digital Audio Broadcasting">DAB</a> for Spain and by <a href="/wiki/Satellite_television" title="Satellite television">satellite</a>. Transmissions are in Spanish, French, <a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>, <a href="/wiki/Ladino_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ladino language">Ladino</a>, <a href="/wiki/Portuguese_language" title="Portuguese language">Portuguese</a>, Russian and English.</li></ul> <p>These stations are also available <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/rne/RNE_Envivo/index.html">online</a> and via <a href="/wiki/Podcast" title="Podcast">podcast</a> (see External Links below). </p><p>Integrated into the state public broadcasting body RTVE (Radiotelevisión Española) in 1973, RNE today has been assigned the role of "state public radio service, which is an essential service for the community and for the cohesion of democratic societies".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Like its television broadcasting sister organisation, <a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a>, <i><span title="Spanish-language text"><i lang="es">Radio Nacional</i></span></i> is wholly financed by public funds and does not air commercials in its programming. </p><p>In January 2012, RNE celebrated its 75th anniversary in the presence of <a href="/wiki/Felipe,_Prince_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Felipe, Prince of Asturias">Felipe, Prince of Asturias</a> and <a href="/wiki/Letizia,_Princess_of_Asturias" class="mw-redirect" title="Letizia, Princess of Asturias">Princess Letizia</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Logo_history">Logo history</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Logo history"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNE_(1956-1962).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of Radio Nacional de España (RNE) between the official birth of TVE in 1956 and 1962."><img alt="Logo of Radio Nacional de España (RNE) between the official birth of TVE in 1956 and 1962." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/RNE_%281956-1962%29.png/120px-RNE_%281956-1962%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/RNE_%281956-1962%29.png/180px-RNE_%281956-1962%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/92/RNE_%281956-1962%29.png/240px-RNE_%281956-1962%29.png 2x" data-file-width="880" data-file-height="283" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo of Radio Nacional de España (RNE) between the official birth of TVE in 1956 and 1962.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RNE,_a%C3%B1os_70.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of RNE between the change of RTVE logo in 1962 and 1971."><img alt="Logo of RNE between the change of RTVE logo in 1962 and 1971." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_RNE%2C_a%C3%B1os_70.svg/120px-Logo_RNE%2C_a%C3%B1os_70.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="46" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_RNE%2C_a%C3%B1os_70.svg/180px-Logo_RNE%2C_a%C3%B1os_70.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Logo_RNE%2C_a%C3%B1os_70.svg/240px-Logo_RNE%2C_a%C3%B1os_70.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="405" data-file-height="154" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo of RNE between the change of RTVE logo in 1962 and 1971.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNE_(1971-1976).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976."><img alt="Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/RNE_%281971-1976%29.png/120px-RNE_%281971-1976%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/RNE_%281971-1976%29.png/180px-RNE_%281971-1976%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/RNE_%281971-1976%29.png/240px-RNE_%281971-1976%29.png 2x" data-file-width="278" data-file-height="199" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNE_(1976-1980).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976."><img alt="Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/RNE_%281976-1980%29.png/120px-RNE_%281976-1980%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/RNE_%281976-1980%29.png/180px-RNE_%281976-1980%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7f/RNE_%281976-1980%29.png/240px-RNE_%281976-1980%29.png 2x" data-file-width="784" data-file-height="318" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo of RNE between 1971 and 1976.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNE_1978.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Logo of RNE between 1976 and 1980."><img alt="Logo of RNE between 1976 and 1980." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RNE_1978.png/120px-RNE_1978.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="62" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RNE_1978.png/180px-RNE_1978.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/RNE_1978.png/240px-RNE_1978.png 2x" data-file-width="428" data-file-height="222" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Logo of RNE between 1976 and 1980.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:RNE.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Previous logo, used between 1980 and 2008."><img alt="Previous logo, used between 1980 and 2008." src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/RNE.png/120px-RNE.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="72" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/RNE.png/180px-RNE.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c9/RNE.png/240px-RNE.png 2x" data-file-width="567" data-file-height="338" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Previous logo, used between 1980 and 2008.</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RNE_(1989-1991).png" class="mw-file-description" title="Blue version of the logo, used during the unification of the image of RNE radios, between 1989 and 1991"><img alt="Blue version of the logo, used during the unification of the image of RNE radios, between 1989 and 1991" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Logo_RNE_%281989-1991%29.png/120px-Logo_RNE_%281989-1991%29.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Logo_RNE_%281989-1991%29.png/180px-Logo_RNE_%281989-1991%29.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/58/Logo_RNE_%281989-1991%29.png/240px-Logo_RNE_%281989-1991%29.png 2x" data-file-width="590" data-file-height="423" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Blue version of the logo, used during the unification of the image of RNE radios, between 1989 and 1991</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RNE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Current logo of RNE, used since 2008"><img alt="Current logo of RNE, used since 2008" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/120px-Logo_RNE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="120" height="61" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/180px-Logo_RNE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/240px-Logo_RNE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Current logo of RNE, used since 2008</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Station_logos">Station logos</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Station logos"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional" style="max-width: 834px;"> <li class="gallerycaption">Radio Nacional de España (RNE) station logos in 2008</li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RNE.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio Nacional"><img alt="Radio Nacional" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/96px-Logo_RNE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/144px-Logo_RNE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Logo_RNE.svg/192px-Logo_RNE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radio Nacional</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio Clásica"><img alt="Radio Clásica" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg/96px-Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="49" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg/144px-Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/00/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg/192px-Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica_RNE_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="259" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radio Clásica</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio 3"><img alt="Radio 3" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg/96px-Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="84" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg/144px-Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg/192px-Radio_3_RNE_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="447" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radio 3</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ràdio 4"><img alt="Ràdio 4" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg/96px-R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="86" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg/144px-R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/35/R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg/192px-R%C3%A0dio_4_RNE_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="458" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ràdio 4</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio 5"><img alt="Radio 5" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg/96px-Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="85" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg/144px-Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg/192px-Radio_5_RNE_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="454" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radio 5</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 131px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 126px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Radio Exterior"><img alt="Radio Exterior" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg/96px-Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg.png" decoding="async" width="96" height="44" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg/144px-Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg/192px-Radio_Exterior_RNE_Spain.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="237" /></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Radio Exterior</div> </li> </ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_radio_stations_in_Spain" title="List of radio stations in Spain">List of radio stations in Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_public_service_radio_stations" title="List of public service radio stations">List of public service radio stations</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Notes"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio_Espa%C3%B1a_Independiente" class="extiw" title="es:Radio España Independiente">es:Radio España Independiente</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/radio/20120118/rne-75-anos-creciento-oyentes/490436.shtml">RNE: 75 Years of Growth (in Spanish)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rne.es/?go=111b735a516af85c803e604f4546adce4c9885a8e53805c69ad49e29577ac993aa2a0658da481224fd2e9d62b856aaf5e3dd6e57bea805d855d2caf52b30be33937c1a50006cd08f">Statement on the function of RNE (last accessed on 16 April 2007) (in Spanish)</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/radio/75-aniversario/">"75 aniversario de RNE – RTVE.es"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=75+aniversario+de+RNE+%E2%80%93+RTVE.es&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rtve.es%2Fradio%2F75-aniversario%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ARadio+Nacional+de+Espa%C3%B1a" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid 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screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Radio_Nacional_de_Espa%C3%B1a" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Radio Nacional de España">Radio Nacional de España</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20070311153032/http://www.portalmundos.com/mundoradio/historia/historia.htm">History of radio in Spain from Portalmundos.com (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rne.es">Official website of Radio Nacional de España (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/rne/RNE_Envivo/index.html">Portal for web broadcasts from all RNE channels (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130213044918/http://www.rne.es/FRONT_PROGRAMAS?go=111b735a516af85c434ac767f82084febab4c327bc2b44a18dbab4b238fd3abdfebb3df275811e20aba39ef1821025aa13939f3e5970214b1a0c8a78a7c3fdefbe512f0651108424">RNE podcasts (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es">Official website of RTVE (in Spanish)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rtve.es/?go=111b735a516af85c803e604f4546adce4c9885a8e53805c69ad49e29577ac993aa2a0658da481224fd2e9d62b856aaf5e3dd6e57bea805d86ab6a5a4ed551d8bfcff0d3bc8a04091">English version of the <i>Radio Exterior de España</i> website</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output 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(studios)">Prado del Rey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE_Canarias" title="RTVE Canarias">RTVE Canarias</a></li></ul> </div></td><td class="noviewer navbox-image" rowspan="6" style="width:1px;padding:0 0 0 2px"><div><span typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Logo_RTVE.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Logo_RTVE.svg/75px-Logo_RTVE.svg.png" decoding="async" width="75" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Logo_RTVE.svg/113px-Logo_RTVE.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Logo_RTVE.svg/150px-Logo_RTVE.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="265" /></a></span></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">Televisión Española</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/La_1_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="La 1 (Spanish TV channel)">La 1</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">[UHD/HD]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La_2_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="La 2 (Spanish TV channel)">La 2</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">[HD]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/24_Horas_(Spanish_TV_channel)" title="24 Horas (Spanish TV channel)">24 Horas</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">[HD]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clan_(TV_channel)" title="Clan (TV channel)">Clan</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">[HD]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledeporte" title="Teledeporte">Teledeporte</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">[HD]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_Internacional" title="TVE Internacional">TVE Internacional</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">[HD]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Star_HD&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Star HD (page does not exist)">Star HD</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_HD" class="extiw" title="es:Star HD">es</a>]</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Radio Nacional de España</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Nacional_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio Nacional (Spanish radio station)">Radio Nacional</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Cl%C3%A1sica" title="Radio Clásica">Radio Clásica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_3_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 3 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 3</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A0dio_4" title="Ràdio 4">Ràdio 4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_5_(Spanish_radio_station)" title="Radio 5 (Spanish radio station)">Radio 5</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Exterior" title="Radio Exterior">Radio Exterior</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Interactives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RTVE_Play" title="RTVE Play">RTVE Play</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_RTVE_Play_original_programming" title="List of RTVE Play original programming">original programming</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rtve.es" class="mw-redirect" title="Rtve.es">rtve.es</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/rtve.es" class="extiw" title="es:rtve.es">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Playz" title="Playz">playz</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=RTVE_Instituto&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="RTVE Instituto (page does not exist)">RTVE Instituto</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/RTVE_Instituto" class="extiw" title="es:RTVE Instituto">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE_Symphony_Orchestra" title="RTVE Symphony Orchestra">RTVE Symphony Orchestra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Jordi_Awards" title="Sant Jordi Awards">Sant Jordi Awards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_test_card" title="TVE test card">TVE test card</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Defunct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_AluCine&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal AluCine (page does not exist)">Canal AluCine</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_AluCine" class="extiw" title="es:Canal AluCine">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Cl%C3%A1sico" title="Canal Clásico">Canal Clásico</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_Nostalgia" title="Canal Nostalgia">Canal Nostalgia</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Canal_Toros&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Canal Toros (page does not exist)">Canal Toros</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canal_Toros" class="extiw" title="es:Canal Toros">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cine_Para%C3%ADso&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cine Paraíso (page does not exist)">Cine Paraíso</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cine_Para%C3%ADso" class="extiw" title="es:Cine Paraíso">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural%C2%B7es" title="Cultural·es">Cultural·es</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural%C2%B7es" title="Cultural·es">Docu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/No-Do" title="No-Do">No-Do</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Radiocadena_Espa%C3%B1ola&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Radiocadena Española (page does not exist)">Radiocadena Española</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiocadena_Espa%C3%B1ola" class="extiw" title="es:Radiocadena Española">es</a>]</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_50_A%C3%B1os" title="TVE 50 Años">TVE 50 Años</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVE_HD" title="TVE HD">TVE HD</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="3"><div><span style="font-size:85%;"><i><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Spain" title="Television in Spain">Television in Spain</a></i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="National_radio_broadcasters_in_the_EU" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:EU_Radio" title="Template:EU Radio"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:EU_Radio" title="Template talk:EU Radio"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:EU_Radio" title="Special:EditPage/Template:EU Radio"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="National_radio_broadcasters_in_the_EU" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Public_broadcasting" title="Public broadcasting">National</a> <a href="/wiki/Radio_broadcasting" title="Radio broadcasting">radio broadcasters</a> in the <a href="/wiki/European_Union" title="European Union">EU</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a> (Austria)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a> and <a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a> (Belgium)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a> (Bulgaria)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a> (Croatia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a> (Cyprus)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a> (Czech Republic)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/DR_Radio" title="DR Radio">DR Radio</a> (Denmark)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> (Estonia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a> (Finland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a> (France)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> and <a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a> (Germany)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a> (Greece)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a> (Hungary)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89_Radio" title="RTÉ Radio">RTÉ Radio</a> (Ireland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a> (Italy)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a> (Latvia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a> (Lithuania)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a> (Luxembourg)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a> (Malta)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> (Netherlands)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a> (Poland)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a> (Portugal)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a> (Romania)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a> (Slovakia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a> (Slovenia)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RNE</a> (Spain)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a> (Sweden)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Template talk:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_Broadcasting_Union_members" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European Broadcasting Union members"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Members_of_the_European_Broadcasting_Union" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Members of the <a href="/wiki/European_Broadcasting_Union" title="European Broadcasting Union">European Broadcasting Union</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Active<br />members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/ARD_(broadcaster)" title="ARD (broadcaster)">ARD</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bayerischer_Rundfunk" title="Bayerischer Rundfunk">BR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutschlandradio" title="Deutschlandradio">DLR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deutsche_Welle" title="Deutsche Welle">DW</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hessischer_Rundfunk" title="Hessischer Rundfunk">HR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mitteldeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Mitteldeutscher Rundfunk">MDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norddeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Norddeutscher Rundfunk">NDR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Bremen" title="Radio Bremen">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rundfunk_Berlin-Brandenburg" title="Rundfunk Berlin-Brandenburg">RBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saarl%C3%A4ndischer_Rundfunk" title="Saarländischer Rundfunk">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S%C3%BCdwestrundfunk" title="Südwestrundfunk">SWR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Westdeutscher_Rundfunk" title="Westdeutscher Rundfunk">WDR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Radio_of_Armenia" title="Public Radio of Armenia">ARMR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Television_Company_of_Armenia" title="Public Television Company of Armenia">ARMTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BBC" title="BBC">BBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Bosnia_and_Herzegovina" title="Radio and Television of Bosnia and Herzegovina">BHRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Radio" title="Bulgarian National Radio">BNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bulgarian_National_Television" title="Bulgarian National Television">BNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Radio" title="Czech Radio">ČRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television" title="Czech Television">ČT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyprus_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Cyprus Broadcasting Corporation">CyBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DR_(broadcaster)" title="DR (broadcaster)">DR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Algeria" title="Radio Algeria">ENRS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Establishment_of_Television" title="Public Establishment of Television">EPTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Rahvusringh%C3%A4%C3%A4ling" title="Eesti Rahvusringhääling">ERR</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Raadio" title="Eesti Raadio">ER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eesti_Televisioon" title="Eesti Televisioon">ETV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_100,7" title="Radio 100,7">ERSL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Hellenic Broadcasting Corporation">ERT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hellenic_Radio" title="Hellenic Radio">ERA</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Georgian_Public_Broadcaster" title="Georgian Public Broadcaster">GPB</a></li> <li>GRF <ul><li><a href="/wiki/France_M%C3%A9dias_Monde" title="France Médias Monde">FMM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/France_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9visions" title="France Télévisions">FTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_France" title="Radio France">RF</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radiotelevision" title="Croatian Radiotelevision">HRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Croatian_Radio" title="Croatian Radio">HR</a></li></ul></li> <li>İCTI <ul><li>İR</li> <li><a href="/wiki/%C4%B0ctimai_Television" title="İctimai Television">İTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jordan_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Jordan Radio and Television Corporation">JRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Public_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Israeli Public Broadcasting Corporation">KAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libya_National_Channel" title="Libya National Channel">LNC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lithuanian_National_Radio_and_Television" title="Lithuanian National Radio and Television">LRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_of_Latvia" title="Public Broadcasting of Latvia">LSM</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Latvijas_Radio" title="Latvijas Radio">LR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latvian_Television" title="Latvian Television">LTV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monaco_Media_Diffusion" title="Monaco Media Diffusion">MMD</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macedonian_Radio_Television" title="Macedonian Radio Television">MRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTVA_(Hungary)" class="mw-redirect" title="MTVA (Hungary)">MTVA</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duna_M%C3%A9dia" title="Duna Média">Duna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Publieke_Omroep_(organisation)" title="Nederlandse Publieke Omroep (organisation)">NPO</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AVROTROS" title="AVROTROS">AVROTROS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BNNVARA" title="BNNVARA">BNNVARA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelische_Omroep" title="Evangelische Omroep">EO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humanistische_Omroep" title="Humanistische Omroep">HUMAN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/KRO-NCRV" title="KRO-NCRV">KRO-NCRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_MAX" title="Omroep MAX">MAX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nederlandse_Omroep_Stichting" title="Nederlandse Omroep Stichting">NOS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_NTR" title="Omroep NTR">NTR</a></li> <li>ON</li> <li><a href="/wiki/PowNed" title="PowNed">PowNed</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stichting_Ether_Reclame" class="mw-redirect" title="Stichting Ether Reclame">Ster</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VPRO" title="VPRO">VPRO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNL_(broadcaster)" title="WNL (broadcaster)">WNL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Omroep_Zwart" title="Omroep Zwart">Zwart</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NRK" title="NRK">NRK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Media_Authority" class="mw-redirect" title="National Media Authority">NTU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ORF_(broadcaster)" title="ORF (broadcaster)">ORF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Public_Broadcasting_Services" title="Public Broadcasting Services">PBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Polskie_Radio" title="Polskie Radio">PR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RAI" title="RAI">RAI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Romanian_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="Romanian Radio Broadcasting Company">ROR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTBF" title="RTBF">RTBF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Montenegro" title="Radio and Television of Montenegro">RTCG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RT%C3%89" title="RTÉ">RTÉ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTL_Group" title="RTL Group">RTL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_e_Televis%C3%A3o_de_Portugal" title="Rádio e Televisão de Portugal">RTP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Serbia" title="Radio Television of Serbia">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTSH" title="RTSH">RTSH</a></li> <li>RTT <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Tunisienne" title="Radio Tunisienne">RT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Tunisienne" title="Télévision Tunisienne">TT</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Andorra" title="Radio and Television of Andorra">RTVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTVE" title="RTVE">RTVE</a> <ul><li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">RNE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Espa%C3%B1ola" title="Televisión Española">TVE</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiotelevizija_Slovenija" title="Radiotelevizija Slovenija">RTVSLO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%9AV" title="RÚV">RÚV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Marino_RTV" title="San Marino RTV">SMRTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SNRT" title="SNRT">SNRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swiss_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Swiss Broadcasting Corporation">SRG SSR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foundation_Management_for_SR,_SVT,_and_UR" title="Foundation Management for SR, SVT, and UR">SRT</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Radio" title="Sveriges Radio">SR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sveriges_Television" title="Sveriges Television">SVT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_Educational_Broadcasting_Company" title="Swedish Educational Broadcasting Company">UR</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovak_Television_and_Radio" title="Slovak Television and Radio">STVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Suspilne" title="Suspilne">SU</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9diffusion_d%27Alg%C3%A9rie" title="Télédiffusion d'Algérie">TDA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TG4" title="TG4">TG4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9_Liban" title="Télé Liban">TL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teleradio-Moldova" title="Teleradio-Moldova">TRM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Turkish_Radio_and_Television_Corporation" title="Turkish Radio and Television Corporation">TRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVMonaco" title="TVMonaco">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Monaco">(MC)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_(Denmark)" class="mw-redirect" title="TV 2 (Denmark)">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Denmark">(DK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_2_Group" title="TV 2 Group">TV 2</a> <i><abbr title="Norway">(NO)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telewizja_Polska" title="Telewizja Polska">TVP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVR_(TV_network)" title="TVR (TV network)">TVR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Kingdom_Independent_Broadcasting" title="United Kingdom Independent Broadcasting">UKIB</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Four_Television_Corporation" title="Channel Four Television Corporation">C4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ITV_plc" title="ITV plc">ITV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S4C_Authority" title="S4C Authority">S4C</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/STV_Group" title="STV Group">STV</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vatican_Radio" title="Vatican Radio">VR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VRT_(broadcaster)" title="VRT (broadcaster)">VRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yle" title="Yle">Yle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZDF" title="ZDF">ZDF</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Suspended</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Belteleradio" title="Belteleradio">BTRC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_One_Russia" title="Channel One Russia">C1R</a></li> <li>RDO <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Mayak" title="Radio Mayak">MK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Orpheus" title="Radio Orpheus">OP</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/All-Russia_State_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Company" title="All-Russia State Television and Radio Broadcasting Company">VGTRK</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antena_3_Radio" title="Antena 3 Radio">A3R</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal%2B_(French_TV_channel)" title="Canal+ (French TV channel)">C+</a></li> <li>C1O</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_COPE" title="Cadena COPE">COPE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiocentre" title="Radiocentre">CRCA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Czech_Television#1953–1992:_Czechoslovak_Television" title="Czech Television">ČST</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Europe_1" title="Europe 1">E1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ERTT" title="ERTT">ERTT</a></li> <li>GRMC <ul><li><a href="/wiki/RMC_(France)" title="RMC (France)">RMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TMC_(TV_channel)" title="TMC (TV channel)">TMC</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Independent Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="United Kingdom">(GB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israel_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Israel Broadcasting Authority">IBA</a> <i><abbr title="Israel">(IL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Television_Authority" title="Independent Television Authority">ITA</a></li> <li>ITCA</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yugoslav_Radio_Television" title="Yugoslav Radio Television">JRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Libyan_Jamahiriya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Libyan Jamahiriya Broadcasting Corporation">LJBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_in_Malta" title="Television in Malta">MBA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_R%C3%A1di%C3%B3" title="Magyar Rádió">MR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MTV3" title="MTV3">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Finland">(FI)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magyar_Telev%C3%ADzi%C3%B3" title="Magyar Televízió">MTV</a> <i><abbr title="Hungary">(HU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Hellenic_Radio,_Internet_and_Television" title="New Hellenic Radio, Internet and Television">NERIT</a></li> <li>OFRT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_de_Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Office de Radiodiffusion Télévision Française">ORTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Fran%C3%A7aise" title="Radiodiffusion-Télévision Française">RTF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_and_Television_of_Slovakia" title="Radio and Television of Slovakia">RTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cadena_SER" title="Cadena SER">SER</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%BD_rozhlas" title="Slovenský rozhlas">SRo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slovensk%C3%A1_telev%C3%ADzia" title="Slovenská televízia">STV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TDF_Group" title="TDF Group">TDF</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TF1" title="TF1">TF1</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/La7" title="La7">TMC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV4_(Swedish_TV_channel)" title="TV4 (Swedish TV channel)">TV4</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Udru%C5%BEenje_javnih_radija_i_televizija" title="Udruženje javnih radija i televizija">UJRT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Associate<br /> members</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Australian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Australian Broadcasting Corporation">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="Australia">(AU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Broadcasting_Company" title="American Broadcasting Company">ABC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li>ACORAB</li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Public_Media" title="American Public Media">APM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canal_13_(Chilean_TV_network)" title="Canal 13 (Chilean TV network)">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Chile">(CL)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canadian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Canadian Broadcasting Corporation">CBC/SRC</a> <i><abbr title="Canada">(CA)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CBS" title="CBS">CBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Media_Group" title="China Media Group">CMG</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Central_Television" title="China Central Television">CCTV</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/China_Global_Television_Network" title="China Global Television Network">CGTN</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_National_Radio" title="China National Radio">CNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/China_Radio_International" title="China Radio International">CRI</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Funda%C3%A7%C3%A3o_Padre_Anchieta" title="Fundação Padre Anchieta">FPA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/FreeTV_Australia" title="FreeTV Australia">Free</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cuban_Institute_of_Radio_and_Television" title="Cuban Institute of Radio and Television">ICRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Republic_of_Iran_Broadcasting" title="Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting">IRIB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabar_Agency" title="Khabar Agency">KA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Broadcasting_System" title="Korean Broadcasting System">KBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauritius_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Mauritius Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritius">(MU)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bangladesh_Television" title="Bangladesh Television">NBAB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NBC" title="NBC">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="United States">(US)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NHK" title="NHK">NHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPR" title="NPR">NPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Organization_of_Radio_and_TV_(Syria)" title="General Organization of Radio and TV (Syria)">ORTAS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sultanate_of_Oman_Television" title="Sultanate of Oman Television">PART</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rustavi_2" title="Rustavi 2">RB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_New_Zealand" title="Radio New Zealand">RNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RTHK" title="RTHK">RTHK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Televisyen_Malaysia" title="Radio Televisyen Malaysia">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Special_Broadcasting_Service" title="Special Broadcasting Service">SBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shanghai_Media_Group" title="Shanghai Media Group">SMG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TBS_Holdings" title="TBS Holdings">TBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imedi_Media_Holding" title="Imedi Media Holding">TEME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVNZ" title="TVNZ">TVNZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WFMT" title="WFMT">WFMT</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teleamazonas" title="Teleamazonas">4TA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ABERT" title="ABERT">ABERT</a></li> <li>AFMN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/All_India_Radio" title="All India Radio">AIR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="América Televisión">AMÉRICA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Asahi" title="TV Asahi">ANB</a></li> <li>ATEC</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asia_Television" title="Asia Television">ATV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ZNS-TV" title="ZNS-TV">BCB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_P%C3%BAblica" title="Televisión Pública">C7</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teledoce" title="Teledoce">C12</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Trece" title="El Trece">C13</a> <i><abbr title="Argentina">(AR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caribbean_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Caribbean Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Barbados">(BB)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">CBC</a> <i><abbr title="Sri Lanka">(LK)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Azteca_Uno" title="Azteca Uno">CMRT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corporation_for_Public_Broadcasting" title="Corporation for Public Broadcasting">CPB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/CTV_Television_Network" title="CTV Television Network">CTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Di%C3%A1rios_Associados" title="Diários Associados">DA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WNET" title="WNET">EBC</a></li> <li>EMI</li> <li>EURT</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fuji_Television" title="Fuji Television">FTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghana_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Ghana Broadcasting Corporation">GBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Communications_Network,_Guyana" title="National Communications Network, Guyana">GBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV_Globo" title="TV Globo">GLOBO</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gambia_Radio_%26_Television_Service" title="Gambia Radio & Television Service">GRTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Broadcasting_Bureau" title="International Broadcasting Bureau">IBB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inravisi%C3%B3n" title="Inravisión">IRV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jamaica_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Jamaica Broadcasting Corporation">JBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeem_TV" title="Jeem TV">JCC</a></li> <li>IBTE</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwait_Television" title="Kuwait Television">KBTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalaallit_Nunaata_Radioa" title="Kalaallit Nunaata Radioa">KNR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liberia_Broadcasting_System" title="Liberia Broadcasting System">LBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malawi_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Malawi Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="Malawi">(MW)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Munhwa_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Munhwa Broadcasting Corporation">MBC</a> <i><abbr title="South Korea">(KR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mainichi_Broadcasting_System" title="Mainichi Broadcasting System">MBS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesota_Public_Radio" title="Minnesota Public Radio">MPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Japan_Consortium" title="Japan Consortium">NACB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Educational_Broadcasters" title="National Association of Educational Broadcasters">NAEB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Federal_Radio_Corporation_of_Nigeria" title="Federal Radio Corporation of Nigeria">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Nigeria">(NG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Broadcasting_Corporation_of_Papua_New_Guinea" title="National Broadcasting Corporation of Papua New Guinea">NBC</a> <i><abbr title="Papua New Guinea">(PNG)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Educational_Television" title="National Educational Television">NET</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nippon_TV" class="mw-redirect" title="Nippon TV">NTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepal_Television" title="Nepal Television">NTVC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_York_Public_Radio" title="New York Public Radio">NYPR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Office_of_Radio_and_Television_of_Niger" title="Office of Radio and Television of Niger">ORTN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Panamericana_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Panamericana Televisión">PANTEL</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palestinian_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Palestinian Broadcasting Corporation">PBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pakistan_Television_Corporation" title="Pakistan Television Corporation">PTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Radio" title="Qatar Radio">QR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qatar_Television" title="Qatar Television">QTBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Caracas_Radio" title="Radio Caracas Radio">RCR</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RCTV" title="RCTV">RCTV</a></li> <li>RD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rede_de_Emissoras_Independentes" title="Rede de Emissoras Independentes">REI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R%C3%A1dio_Nacional" title="Rádio Nacional">RN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Nationale_Tchadienne" title="Radiodiffusion Nationale Tchadienne">RNT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Pakistan" title="Radio Pakistan">RP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Republik_Indonesia" title="Radio Republik Indonesia">RRI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Congolaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Congolaise">RTC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Gabonaise" title="Radio Télévision Gabonaise">RTG</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_Television_Ivoirienne" title="Radiodiffusion Television Ivoirienne">RTI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_Malagasy" title="Télévision Malagasy">RTM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radiodiffusion_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_S%C3%A9n%C3%A9galaise" title="Radiodiffusion Télévision Sénégalaise">RTS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_du_Burkina" title="Radio Télévision du Burkina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/SABC" title="SABC">SABC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saudi_Broadcasting_Authority" title="Saudi Broadcasting Authority">SABTVS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sri_Lanka_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Sri Lanka Broadcasting Corporation">SLBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sudan_TV" title="Sudan TV">STS</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Latina_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Latina Televisión">T2</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanzania_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Tanzania Broadcasting Corporation">TBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico#1968-70:_Telecadena_Mexicana" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TCM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tokyo_FM" title="Tokyo FM">TFM/JOAU-FM</a></li> <li>TH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Independiente_de_M%C3%A9xico" title="Televisión Independiente de México">TIM</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Time_Life_Television" title="Time Life Television">TIME</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Telesistema_Mexicano" title="Telesistema Mexicano">TSM</a></li> <li>TSN</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisa" title="Televisa">TVA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVB" title="TVB">TVB</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Television_of_Mauritania" title="Television of Mauritania">TVM</a> <i><abbr title="Mauritania">(MR)</abbr></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Televisi%C3%B3n_Nacional_de_Chile" title="Televisión Nacional de Chile">TVN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TVRI" title="TVRI">TVRI</a></li> <li>UAERTVD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_States_Information_Agency" title="United States Information Agency">USIA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kenya_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Kenya Broadcasting Corporation">VK</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Venezolana_de_Televisi%C3%B3n" title="Venezolana de Televisión">VV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio-T%C3%A9l%C3%A9vision_nationale_congolaise" title="Radio-Télévision nationale congolaise">VZ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WGBH_Educational_Foundation" title="WGBH Educational Foundation">WGBH</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zimbabwe_Broadcasting_Corporation" title="Zimbabwe Broadcasting Corporation">ZBC</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Approved<br />participants</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Arte" title="Arte">Arte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Catalunya_R%C3%A0dio" title="Catalunya Ràdio">CAT</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cellnex" title="Cellnex">Cellnex</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Euronews" title="Euronews">Euronews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Institut_national_de_l%27audiovisuel" title="Institut national de l'audiovisuel">INA</a></li> <li>JPMRD</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radio_Television_of_Vojvodina" title="Radio Television of Vojvodina">RTV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TV5Monde" title="TV5Monde">TV5Monde</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abertis" title="Abertis">Abertis</a></li> <li>AH</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Israeli_Educational_Television" title="Israeli Educational Television">IETV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MBC_Group" title="MBC Group">MEBC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Retevisi%C3%B3n" title="Retevisión">RETE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Television_and_Radio_Broadcasting_Network" title="Russian Television and Radio Broadcasting Network">RTRN</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sentech" title="Sentech">SNTC</a></li> <li>URTI</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302267#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302267#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2302267#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000121961706">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/159652930">VIAF</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n85296240">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX146238">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007603771905171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058514121106706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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