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<span>Climate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Climate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Geography</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Geography-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Geography subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Geography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Copernicus_Peak" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Copernicus_Peak"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Copernicus Peak</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Copernicus_Peak-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Mount_Hamilton_Road" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Mount_Hamilton_Road"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Mount Hamilton Road</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Mount_Hamilton_Road-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Geology_and_hydrology" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Geology_and_hydrology"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Geology and hydrology</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Geology_and_hydrology-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ecology_and_conservation" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ecology_and_conservation"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Ecology and conservation</span> </div> </a> <ul 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.geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&params=37_20_30.2_N_121_38_34.2_W_type:mountain_region:US-CA_scale:100000_source:GNIS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°20′30.2″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°38′34.2″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.341722°N 121.642833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.341722; -121.642833</span></span></span></a></span></span></div></div> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"><span class="mw-redirectedfrom">(Redirected from <a href="/w/index.php?title=Copernicus_Peak&redirect=no" class="mw-redirect" title="Copernicus Peak">Copernicus Peak</a>)</span></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Mountain in California, United States</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Mount_Hamilton_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Mount Hamilton (disambiguation)">Mount Hamilton</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard" style="width:24.5em; line-height:1.5em;"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn org" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Mount Hamilton</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Sierra de Santa Isabel<sup id="cite_ref-gnis_hamilton_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis_hamilton-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding: 0.3em 0.2em 0.2em 0.2em;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg/288px-IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg" decoding="async" width="288" height="191" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg/432px-IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg/576px-IMG_9864MountHamilton_fxwb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption" style="padding: 0.2em 0em;"><a href="/wiki/Lick_Observatory" title="Lick Observatory">Lick Observatory</a> is visible atop Mount Hamilton; hillsides show typical early-autumn golden (dry) vegetation</div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Highest point</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Summit" title="Summit">Elevation</a></th><td class="infobox-data">4,265 ft (1,300 m)<small><a href="/wiki/North_American_Vertical_Datum_of_1988" title="North American Vertical Datum of 1988"> NAVD 88</a></small><sup id="cite_ref-ngs_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Topographic_prominence" title="Topographic prominence">Prominence</a></th><td class="infobox-data">16 m (52 ft)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geographic_coordinate_system" title="Geographic coordinate system">Coordinates</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><span class="geo-inline"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1156832818">.mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct,.mw-parser-output .geo-inline-hidden{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}</style><span class="plainlinks nourlexpansion"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/geohack.php?pagename=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&params=37_20_30.2_N_121_38_34.2_W_type:mountain_region:US-CA_scale:100000_source:GNIS"><span class="geo-default"><span class="geo-dms" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location"><span class="latitude">37°20′30.2″N</span> <span class="longitude">121°38′34.2″W</span></span></span><span class="geo-multi-punct"> / </span><span class="geo-nondefault"><span class="geo-dec" title="Maps, aerial photos, and other data for this location">37.341722°N 121.642833°W</span><span style="display:none"> / <span class="geo">37.341722; -121.642833</span></span></span></a></span></span><sup id="cite_ref-ngs_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-ngs-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geography</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.5em 0.2em;"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238443738">.mw-parser-output .locmap .od{position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .id{position:absolute;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .locmap .l0{font-size:0;position:absolute}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv{line-height:110%;position:absolute;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr{line-height:110%;position:absolute;top:-0.75em;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pv>div{display:inline;padding:1px}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pl>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:right}.mw-parser-output .locmap .pr>div{display:inline;padding:1px;float:left}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:#fff!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .locmap{filter:grayscale(0.6)}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pv>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pl>div,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .od .pr>div{background:white!important;color:#000!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data .locmap div{background:transparent!important}}</style><div class="center"><div class="locmap" style="width:220px;float:none;clear:both;margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto"><div style="width:220px;padding:0"><div style="position:relative;width:220px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Relief_map_of_California.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Mount Hamilton is located in California"><img alt="Mount Hamilton is located in California" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/220px-Relief_map_of_California.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="252" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/330px-Relief_map_of_California.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Relief_map_of_California.png/440px-Relief_map_of_California.png 2x" data-file-width="681" data-file-height="780" /></a></span><div class="od notheme" style="top:49.074%;left:28.307%;font-size:91%"><div class="id" style="left:-8px;top:-8px"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Mount Hamilton"><img alt="Mount Hamilton" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/16px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/24px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/3/39/Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg/32px-Red_triangle_with_thick_white_border.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="270" data-file-height="240" /></span></span></div><div class="pr" style="width:6em;left:9px"><div>Mount Hamilton</div></div></div></div><div style="padding-top:0.2em"></div></div></div></div> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Location</th><td class="infobox-data label"><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">U.S.</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Mountain_range" title="Mountain range"><span class="nowrap">Parent range</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data category"><a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Topographic_map" title="Topographic map">Topo map</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> Lick Observatory</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Geology</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Geological_time_scale" class="mw-redirect" title="Geological time scale">Rock age</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Cretaceous" title="Cretaceous">Upper Cretaceous</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background-color: #E7DCC3;">Climbing</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/First_ascent" title="First ascent">First ascent</a></th><td class="infobox-data">1861</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><a href="/wiki/Normal_route" title="Normal route"><span class="nowrap">Easiest route</span></a></th><td class="infobox-data">Hike</td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Mount Hamilton</b> is a <a href="/wiki/Mountain" title="Mountain">mountain</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a> in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County</a>, <a href="/wiki/California" title="California">California</a>. The mountain's peak, at 4,265 feet (1,300 m), overlooks the heavily urbanized <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a> and is the site of <a href="/wiki/Lick_Observatory" title="Lick Observatory">Lick Observatory</a>, the world's first permanently occupied mountain-top<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Observatory" title="Observatory">observatory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The <a href="/wiki/Asteroid" title="Asteroid">asteroid</a> <a href="/wiki/452_Hamiltonia" title="452 Hamiltonia">452 Hamiltonia</a>, discovered in 1899, is named after the mountain. <a href="/wiki/Golden_eagle" title="Golden eagle">Golden eagle</a> nesting sites are found on the slopes of Mount Hamilton. On clear days, <a href="/wiki/Mount_Tamalpais" title="Mount Tamalpais">Mount Tamalpais</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_Mountains" title="Santa Cruz Mountains">Santa Cruz Mountains</a>, <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Bay" title="Monterey Bay">Monterey Bay</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Monterey_Peninsula" title="Monterey Peninsula">Monterey Peninsula</a>, and even <a href="/wiki/Yosemite_National_Park" title="Yosemite National Park">Yosemite National Park</a> are visible from the summit of the mountain.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg/220px-Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="229" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg/330px-Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/16/Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg/440px-Hotel_Santa_Ysabel_on_Smith_Creek_1895.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="730" /></a><figcaption>Hotel Santa Ysabel on the road up Mt. Hamilton just across Smith Creek in 1895, Courtesy of San Jose Public Library, California Room</figcaption></figure> <p>On August 26, 1861, while working for <a href="/wiki/Josiah_Whitney" title="Josiah Whitney">Josiah D. Whitney</a> on the first <a href="/wiki/California_Geological_Survey" title="California Geological Survey">California Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Brewer" title="William Henry Brewer">William H. Brewer</a> invited local <a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a> <a href="/wiki/Preacher" title="Preacher">preacher</a> (and Brewer's personal friend) <a href="/wiki/Laurentine_Hamilton" title="Laurentine Hamilton">Laurentine Hamilton</a> to join his company on a <a href="/wiki/Hiking" title="Hiking">trek</a> to a nearby <a href="/wiki/Topographical_summit" class="mw-redirect" title="Topographical summit">summit</a>. Nearing completion of their journey, Hamilton, in good humor, bounded for the summit ahead of the rest of the men and claimed his stake. In fact, Brewer suggested the mountain be named after Hamilton, only after Whitney declined to have the mountain named after him (a different mountain was later named <a href="/wiki/Mount_Whitney" title="Mount Whitney">Mount Whitney</a>). </p><p>The Spanish name for Mt. Hamilton was the <b>Sierra de Santa Isabel</b> and the highest point was originally known as Mount Isabel instead of Mount Hamilton. <a href="/wiki/William_Henry_Brewer" title="William Henry Brewer">William Henry Brewer</a> and his fellow geologist, <a href="/wiki/Charles_F._Hoffmann" title="Charles F. Hoffmann">Charles F. Hoffmann</a>, did not know it already had a name, and named it Mt. Hamilton, although they did place Isabel Valley on their map to the east. The "Hotel Santa Ysabel" was built on the road up the mountain in 1885 on <a href="/wiki/Smith_Creek_(Santa_Clara_County,_California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Smith Creek (Santa Clara County, California)">Smith Creek</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> When in 1895, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">USGS</a> realized that the peak two miles southeast of Mt. Hamilton was as tall (4,193 ft or 1,278 m),<sup id="cite_ref-isabel_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-isabel-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> they named it Mt. Isabel.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Climate">Climate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Climate"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg/220px-P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg/330px-P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg/440px-P3040016MtHamiltonSnow_crwb.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="534" /></a><figcaption>Numerous times each winter temperatures drop low enough for Mount Hamilton (left) to receive as much as a foot of snow for a day or two.</figcaption></figure> <p>These mountains are high enough to receive snowfall in the winter, perhaps up to a dozen times. Occasionally, when a cold, wet storm comes in from the <a href="/wiki/Gulf_of_Alaska" title="Gulf of Alaska">Gulf of Alaska</a> or <a href="/wiki/Canada" title="Canada">Canada</a>, Mt. Hamilton and the surrounding peaks get significant <a href="/wiki/Snowfall" class="mw-redirect" title="Snowfall">snowfall</a>. In February 2001, 30 inches (76 cm) of snow fell, and in March 2006, the peak was left with over a foot (30 cm) of <a href="/wiki/Snow" title="Snow">snow</a> in one night. </p><p>The <a href="/wiki/National_Weather_Service" title="National Weather Service">National Weather Service</a> has had a cooperative weather station on the summit of Mount Hamilton almost since the time that the Lick Observatory opened. It has provided a glimpse of the extreme weather conditions that occur on the Diablo Range, especially in the winter months. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:MtHamilton1967.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MtHamilton1967.jpg/220px-MtHamilton1967.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="166" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MtHamilton1967.jpg/330px-MtHamilton1967.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/18/MtHamilton1967.jpg/440px-MtHamilton1967.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1112" data-file-height="841" /></a><figcaption>Mt. Hamilton had a foot of snow on the ground on April 1, 1967</figcaption></figure> <p>February is the coldest month on average on Mount Hamilton with an average high of 48.7 °F (9.3 °C) and an average low of 37.8 °F (3.2 °C). The warmest month on average is July with an average high of 78.7 °F (25.9 °C) and an average low of 65.1 °F (18.4 °C). Due to frequent <a href="/wiki/Thermal_inversion" class="mw-redirect" title="Thermal inversion">thermal inversions</a> during the summer, it is often warmer on Mount Hamilton than in San Jose. The record high temperature of 103 °F (39 °C) was on August 5, 1978. The record low temperature of 7 °F (−14 °C) was on December 21, 1990. The average days with highs of 90 °F (32 °C) or higher is 2.8 days. The average days with lows of 32 °F (0 °C) or lower is 44.9 days. </p><p>Annual precipitation averages 23.71 inches (602 mm). Measurable precipitation occurs on an average of 78.2 days each year. The most precipitation in a month was 21.55 inches (547 mm) in December 1955; no rainfall has been common during the summer months. The maximum rainfall in 24 hours was 6.87 inches (174 mm) on December 23, 1955. </p><p>Annual snowfall averages 18.1 inches (46 cm). The maximum snowfall in a year was 59.0 inches (150 cm) in 1955. The maximum snowfall in a month was 33.6 inches (85 cm) in January 1950.<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The 24-hour maximum snowfall of 16.0 inches (41 cm) occurred on April 10, 1965. The deepest daily snow depth was 24 inches (61 cm) in December 1970. Measurable snow has been recorded in every month from October through May.<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div> <table class="wikitable mw-collapsible" style="width:auto; text-align:center; line-height:1.2em;"> <tbody><tr> <th colspan="14">Climate data for Mount Hamilton, California (Station Elevation 4,206ft), 1991–2020 normals, extremes 1948–present </th></tr> <tr> <th scope="row">Month </th> <th scope="col">Jan </th> <th scope="col">Feb </th> <th scope="col">Mar </th> <th scope="col">Apr </th> <th scope="col">May </th> <th scope="col">Jun </th> <th scope="col">Jul </th> <th scope="col">Aug </th> <th scope="col">Sep </th> <th scope="col">Oct </th> <th scope="col">Nov </th> <th scope="col">Dec </th> <th scope="col" style="border-left-width:medium">Year </th></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record high °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #FF7F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">73<br />(23) </td> <td style="background: #FF7100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">77<br />(25) </td> <td style="background: #FF5600; color:#000000;" class="notheme">84<br />(29) </td> <td style="background: #FF3A00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">91<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">94<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF1800; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">100<br />(38) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">103<br />(39) </td> <td style="background: #FF1F00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">99<br />(37) </td> <td style="background: #FF3300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">93<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #FF6300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">81<br />(27) </td> <td style="background: #FF7800; color:#000000;" class="notheme">76<br />(24) </td> <td style="background: #FF1100; color:#FFFFFF; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">103<br />(39) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FF9F40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.0<br />(18.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFA449; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.8<br />(17.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF9A35; color:#000000;" class="notheme">66.3<br />(19.1) </td> <td style="background: #FF8308; color:#000000;" class="notheme">72.3<br />(22.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.4<br />(25.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF5100; color:#000000;" class="notheme">85.5<br />(29.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4200; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.4<br />(31.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF4300; color:#000000;" class="notheme">89.0<br />(31.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF4C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">86.8<br />(30.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF6500; color:#000000;" class="notheme">80.3<br />(26.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8710; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.2<br />(21.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFA64D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.3<br />(17.4) </td> <td style="background: #FF3900; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">91.6<br />(33.1) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily maximum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFDAB5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.6<br />(9.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFDDBC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.7<br />(9.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFD4A9; color:#000000;" class="notheme">51.2<br />(10.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.2<br />(12.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFAA55; color:#000000;" class="notheme">62.3<br />(16.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF8811; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.1<br />(21.7) </td> <td style="background: #FF6B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.7<br />(25.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF6C00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">78.5<br />(25.8) </td> <td style="background: #FF7B00; color:#000000;" class="notheme">74.5<br />(23.6) </td> <td style="background: #FF9D3C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.5<br />(18.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC78F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.7<br />(12.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.6<br />(9.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFAC5A; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">61.6<br />(16.4) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Daily mean °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FFEEDD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">44.4<br />(6.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFF3E7; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.2<br />(6.2) </td> <td style="background: #FFEBD8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">45.1<br />(7.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFE0C2; color:#000000;" class="notheme">48.0<br />(8.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFC68D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">54.9<br />(12.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFA54B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">63.5<br />(17.5) </td> <td style="background: #FF850B; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.9<br />(22.2) </td> <td style="background: #FF870F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">71.5<br />(21.9) </td> <td style="background: #FF962D; color:#000000;" class="notheme">67.4<br />(19.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFB76F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">58.9<br />(14.9) </td> <td style="background: #FFDCBA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">49.1<br />(9.5) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.3<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFC58C; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">55.1<br />(12.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean daily minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">39.1<br />(3.9) </td> <td style="background: #F7F7FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.8<br />(3.2) </td> <td style="background: #FBFBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.9<br />(3.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFFCFA; color:#000000;" class="notheme">40.7<br />(4.8) </td> <td style="background: #FFE2C6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">47.4<br />(8.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFC285; color:#000000;" class="notheme">55.9<br />(13.3) </td> <td style="background: #FF9F3F; color:#000000;" class="notheme">65.1<br />(18.4) </td> <td style="background: #FFA143; color:#000000;" class="notheme">64.6<br />(18.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFB164; color:#000000;" class="notheme">60.3<br />(15.7) </td> <td style="background: #FFD0A1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">52.4<br />(11.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFF2E6; color:#000000;" class="notheme">43.4<br />(6.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38.0<br />(3.3) </td> <td style="background: #FFDEBE; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">48.6<br />(9.2) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Mean minimum °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.7<br />(−3.5) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #D5D5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">26.4<br />(−3.1) </td> <td style="background: #D9D9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">27.6<br />(−2.4) </td> <td style="background: #E8E8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">32.8<br />(0.4) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">37.4<br />(3.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFD8B1; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.2<br />(10.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFD9B3; color:#000000;" class="notheme">50.0<br />(10.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFAF5; color:#000000;" class="notheme">41.4<br />(5.2) </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">36.3<br />(2.4) </td> <td style="background: #E0E0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">29.8<br />(−1.2) </td> <td style="background: #D3D3FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25.6<br />(−3.6) </td> <td style="background: #C7C7FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">21.6<br />(−5.8) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Record low °F (°C) </th> <td style="background: #A5A5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">10<br />(−12) </td> <td style="background: #ABABFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12<br />(−11) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">17<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">19<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #D1D1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">25<br />(−4) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">28<br />(−2) </td> <td style="background: #ECECFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">34<br />(1) </td> <td style="background: #F6F6FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">38<br />(3) </td> <td style="background: #F1F1FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">35<br />(2) </td> <td style="background: #C0C0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">20<br />(−7) </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">18<br />(−8) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">7<br />(−14) </td> <td style="background: #9B9BFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">7<br />(−14) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average <a href="/wiki/Precipitation" title="Precipitation">precipitation</a> inches (mm) </th> <td style="background: #40FF40; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.03<br />(128) </td> <td style="background: #37FF37; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.79<br />(122) </td> <td style="background: #58FF58; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.42<br />(112) </td> <td style="background: #A8FFA8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.22<br />(56) </td> <td style="background: #CDFFCD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.30<br />(33) </td> <td style="background: #F4FFF4; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.28<br />(7.1) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.00<br />(0.00) </td> <td style="background: #FDFFFD; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.05<br />(1.3) </td> <td style="background: #F8FFF8; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.17<br />(4.3) </td> <td style="background: #CCFFCC; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.34<br />(34) </td> <td style="background: #89FF89; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.99<br />(76) </td> <td style="background: #4CFF4C; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.72<br />(120) </td> <td style="background: #A7FFA7; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">27.31<br />(694) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowfall inches (cm) </th> <td style="background: #5B5BFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">4.2<br />(11) </td> <td style="background: #2A2AFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">5.3<br />(13) </td> <td style="background: #6E6EFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">3.8<br />(9.7) </td> <td style="background: #B8B8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.8<br />(4.6) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0<br />(0.0) </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.9<br />(2.3) </td> <td style="background: #B0B0FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.1<br />(5.3) </td> <td style="background: #C4C4FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">18.1<br />(46) </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average precipitation days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.01 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #5D5DFF; color:#FFFFFF;" class="notheme">11.9 </td> <td style="background: #7474FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">11.2 </td> <td style="background: #9393FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.4 </td> <td style="background: #BBBBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">5.5 </td> <td style="background: #E5E5FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.0 </td> <td style="background: #FDFDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.1 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #EAEAFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.6 </td> <td style="background: #C9C9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">4.3 </td> <td style="background: #9292FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">8.5 </td> <td style="background: #6969FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">12.1 </td> <td style="background: #ADADFF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">78.2 </td></tr> <tr style="text-align: center;"> <th scope="row" style="height: 16px;">Average snowy days <span style="font-size:90%;" class="nowrap">(≥ 0.1 in)</span> </th> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #DBDBFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.6 </td> <td style="background: #E2E2FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">2.3 </td> <td style="background: #E9E9FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.7 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #FFFFFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.0 </td> <td style="background: #F8F8FF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">0.5 </td> <td style="background: #EDEDFF; color:#000000;" class="notheme">1.4 </td> <td style="background: #F3F3FF; color:#000000; border-left-width:medium" class="notheme">10.8 </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 1: NOAA<sup id="cite_ref-NOAA_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOAA-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> <tr> <td colspan="14" style="text-align:center;font-size:95%;">Source 2: National Weather Service<sup id="cite_ref-NOWData_13-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NOWData-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr></tbody></table> </div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geography">Geography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Geography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Copernicus_Peak">Copernicus Peak</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Copernicus Peak"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mount Hamilton is one summit along a mile-long ridge. Other than Hamilton, peaks along the ridge have astronomical names, such as Kepler. The highest peak on the ridge is <b>Copernicus Peak</b>, with elevation 4,360+ ft (1,330+ m).<sup id="cite_ref-pb_copernicus_15-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pb_copernicus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-gnis_copernicus_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gnis_copernicus-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Copernicus Peak is located 0.8 miles (1.3 km) to the northeast from Mount Hamilton, and is the highest point in <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara County</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Unlike Mount Hamilton's limited <a href="/wiki/Topographic_prominence" title="Topographic prominence">prominence</a>, Copernicus Peak has a prominence of 3,080 ft (940 m).<sup id="cite_ref-pb_copernicus_15-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-pb_copernicus-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Mount_Hamilton_Road">Mount Hamilton Road</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Mount Hamilton Road"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG/220px-Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="230" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG/330px-Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/a6/Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG/440px-Mt._Hamilton_Road_Sign.JPG 2x" data-file-width="960" data-file-height="1004" /></a><figcaption>State Route 130 begins its ascent from the junction at Alum Rock Road.</figcaption></figure> <p>The sinuous 19-mile (31 km) Mt. Hamilton Road (part of <a href="/wiki/California_State_Route_130" title="California State Route 130">State Route 130</a>) is commonly used by <a href="/wiki/Bicyclist" class="mw-redirect" title="Bicyclist">bicyclists</a> and motorcyclists. Built in 1875–76 in anticipation of the observatory, and the need to carry materials and equipment up the mountain in horse-drawn wagons, the grade seldom exceeds 6.5 percent. The road rises over 4,000 feet (1,200 m) in three long climbs from San Jose to the mountain top. On a clear day at the summit it is possible to see the <a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada_(U.S.)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sierra Nevada (U.S.)">Sierra Nevada</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg/220px-Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg/330px-Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg/440px-Mt_hamilton_road_cyclist.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="1156" /></a><figcaption>Mt. Hamilton Road is popular with cycling clubs.</figcaption></figure> <p>Cyclists commonly use the road because of the long but not overly challenging nature of the climb, sparse vehicular traffic over most of its length,<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (December 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> and the views of San Jose and the <a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a> below. There is an annual cycling challenge climb in April.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thanksgiving consistently draws hundreds of cyclists and is frequently the final climb in the annual Low-Key Hillclimb Series<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which attracts some of the region's best climbers. </p><p>The bicycle ride is just over 19 miles (31 km) from the Alum Rock Avenue junction. The upward trek is interrupted by two descents, first into <a href="/wiki/Grant_Ranch_County_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Ranch County Park">Grant Ranch County Park</a>, and again to cross Smith Creek. Quimby Road offers a shorter way from San Jose to Grant Ranch, but is considerably steeper. The main observatory building offers free 15-minute guided tours of the <a href="/wiki/James_Lick_telescope" title="James Lick telescope">Great Lick refracting telescope</a>.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (March 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Geology_and_hydrology">Geology and hydrology</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Geology and hydrology"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Much of the foothill slopes of Mount Hamilton is underlain by <a href="/wiki/Miocene" title="Miocene">Miocene</a> age <a href="/wiki/Sandstone" title="Sandstone">sandstone</a> of the Briones formation: this <a href="/wiki/Bedrock" title="Bedrock">bedrock</a> is locally soft and weathered in the upper few feet, but grades locally to very hard at depth. Depth to <a href="/wiki/Groundwater" title="Groundwater">groundwater</a> on these foothill areas of Mount Hamilton is approximately 240 feet (73 m).<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Babb Creek drainage comprises some of the <a href="/wiki/Drainage_basin" title="Drainage basin">watershed</a> draining the slopes of Mount Hamilton. The Calaveras and <a href="/wiki/Hayward_Fault" class="mw-redirect" title="Hayward Fault">Hayward</a> active <a href="/wiki/Earthquake" title="Earthquake">earthquake</a> faults traverse the slopes of Mount Hamilton. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg/220px-Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg/330px-Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e8/Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg/440px-Tule_Elk_-_Merced_National_Wildlife_Refuge_Bill_Leikam_12-03-2010.jpg 2x" data-file-width="865" data-file-height="762" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Tule_elk" title="Tule elk">Tule elk</a> roam the <a href="/wiki/Diablo_Range" title="Diablo Range">Diablo Range</a> and are often seen on Coyote Ridge</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Ecology_and_conservation">Ecology and conservation</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Ecology and conservation"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Several rare species can be seen on Mount Hamilton. The <a href="/wiki/Streptanthus_callistus" title="Streptanthus callistus">Mount Hamilton jewelflower</a> (<i>Streptanthus callistus</i>) is <a href="/wiki/Endemism" title="Endemism">endemic</a> to the area. In June 2011, five juvenile <a href="/wiki/California_condor" title="California condor">California condors</a> flew over Mt. Hamilton and landed on the Lick Observatory, the species' first sighting in the area in at least 30 years.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In 1978, <a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Fish_and_Game" class="mw-redirect" title="California Department of Fish and Game">California Department of Fish and Game</a> warden Henry Coletto urged the department to choose the Mount Hamilton area as one of California's relocation sites under a new statewide effort to restore <a href="/wiki/Tule_elk" title="Tule elk">tule elk</a> (<i>Cervus canadensis ssp. nannodes</i>). </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg/220px-Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg/330px-Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg/440px-Kluft_photo_Mt_Hamilton_Lick_Observatory_night_Img_4606.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3072" data-file-height="2048" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Lick_Observatory" title="Lick Observatory">Lick Observatory</a> on Mount Hamilton at night. Timed exposure taken from <a href="/wiki/Grant_Ranch_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Ranch Park">Grant Ranch Park</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/The_Nature_Conservancy" title="The Nature Conservancy">The Nature Conservancy</a> "Mount Hamilton Project" has acquired or put under conservation easement 100,000 acres (400 km<sup>2</sup>) of land towards its 500,000 acres (2,000 km<sup>2</sup>) goal for <a href="/wiki/Habitat_conservation" title="Habitat conservation">habitat conservation</a> within a 1,200,000 acres (4,900 km<sup>2</sup>) area encompassing much of eastern Santa Clara County.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="The_community">The community</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: The community"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mount Hamilton has its own zip code, 95140. It is generally open space with a population in 2000 of 35.<sup id="cite_ref-95140census_24-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-95140census-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mount Hamilton Elementary was a small one classroom school that closed in 2006.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_summits_of_the_San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="List of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area">List of summits of the San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grant_Ranch_Park" class="mw-redirect" title="Grant Ranch Park">Grant Ranch Park</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Hamilton_(California)&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-gnis_hamilton-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gnis_hamilton_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/224848">"Mount Hamilton"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-11</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mount+Hamilton&rft.btitle=Geographic+Names+Information+System&rft.pub=United+States+Geological+Survey%2C+United+States+Department+of+the+Interior&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fedits.nationalmap.gov%2Fapps%2Fgaz-domestic%2Fpublic%2Fsearch%2Fnames%2F224848&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-ngs-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-ngs_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-ngs_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ngs.noaa.gov/cgi-bin/ds_mark.prl?PidBox=HS4865">"MT HAMILTON OBS SM DOME 1882"</a>. <i>NGS Data Sheet</i>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._National_Geodetic_Survey" title="U.S. National Geodetic Survey">National Geodetic Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/National_Oceanic_and_Atmospheric_Administration" title="National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration">National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Commerce" title="United States Department of Commerce">United States Department of Commerce</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=NGS+Data+Sheet&rft.atitle=MT+HAMILTON+OBS+SM+DOME+1882&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.ngs.noaa.gov%2Fcgi-bin%2Fds_mark.prl%3FPidBox%3DHS4865&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.peakbagger.com/peak.aspx?pid=1217">"Mount Hamilton"</a>. <i>Peakbagger</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Peakbagger&rft.atitle=Mount+Hamilton&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.peakbagger.com%2Fpeak.aspx%3Fpid%3D1217&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pubs.usgs.gov/">"U.S. Geological Survey Publications Warehouse"</a>. <i>pubs.usgs.gov</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2015-12-18</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=pubs.usgs.gov&rft.atitle=U.S.+Geological+Survey+Publications+Warehouse&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fpubs.usgs.gov%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://collections.ucolick.org/archives_on_line/bldg_the_obs.html">"The Building of Lick Observatory"</a>. <i>Historical Collections Project</i>. The Link Observatory<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Historical+Collections+Project&rft.atitle=The+Building+of+Lick+Observatory&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fcollections.ucolick.org%2Farchives_on_line%2Fbldg_the_obs.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rntl.net/mthamiltonlookout.htm">"Mt. Hamilton Fire Lookout"</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Mt.+Hamilton+Fire+Lookout&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.rntl.net%2Fmthamiltonlookout.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.geoscapesphotography.com/Bay_Nature.html">Special Project - Bay Nature http://web.archive.org/web/20190708133031/http://www.geoscapesphotography.com/Bay_Nature.html</a> (archived at the <a href="/wiki/Wayback_Machine" title="Wayback Machine">Wayback Machine</a>)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/equanimity/8258974951/">Monterey Peninsula from Mt. Hamilton</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://meandmyconnie.wordpress.com/tag/lick-observatory/">Lick Observatory Blog Entry</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oac.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/kt5x0nd26j/?order=1">"Smith Creek Hotel"</a>. San Jose Public Library. 1895<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 23,</span> 2016</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Smith+Creek+Hotel&rft.pub=San+Jose+Public+Library&rft.date=1895&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oac.cdlib.org%2Fark%3A%2F13030%2Fkt5x0nd26j%2F%3Forder%3D1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-isabel-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-isabel_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation encyclopaedia cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://edits.nationalmap.gov/apps/gaz-domestic/public/search/names/254824">"Mount Isabel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Geographic_Names_Information_System" title="Geographic Names Information System">Geographic Names Information System</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/United_States_Geological_Survey" title="United States Geological Survey">United States Geological Survey</a>, <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_the_Interior" title="United States Department of the Interior">United States Department of the Interior</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2011-05-08</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Old+Hills%2C+New+Economies+%E2%80%93+A+Natural+History+of+the+Mount+Hamilton+Ridgelands&rft.pub=BayNature&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fbaynature.org%2Farticles%2Fapr-jun-2001%2Fold-hills-new-economies&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AMount+Hamilton+%28California%29" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150222135128/http://www.siliconvalleylc.org/criticalhabitat.php">Silicon Valley Land Conservancy </a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output 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style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#EEFFFF;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output 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id="The_113_most_isolated_major_summits_of_the_United_States_of_America" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_major_100-kilometer_summits_of_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="List of the major 100-kilometer summits of the United States">The 113 most isolated major summits of the United States of America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;text-align:left;"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 16em;"> <ol><li><a href="/wiki/Denali" title="Denali">Denali</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mauna_Kea" title="Mauna Kea">Mauna Kea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Whitney" title="Mount Whitney">Mount Whitney</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Mitchell" title="Mount Mitchell">Mount Mitchell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Agrihan" title="Agrihan">Agrihan Island HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Washington" title="Mount Washington">Mount Washington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Rainier" title="Mount Rainier">Mount Rainier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Elbert" title="Mount Elbert">Mount Elbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Shishaldin" title="Mount Shishaldin">Shishaldin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tanaga_(volcano)" title="Tanaga (volcano)">Tanaga Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Isto" title="Mount Isto">Mount Isto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Magazine" title="Mount Magazine">Signal Hill</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Shasta" title="Mount Shasta">Mount Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gannett_Peak" title="Gannett Peak">Gannett Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Osborn" title="Mount Osborn">Mount Osborn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Igikpak" title="Mount Igikpak">Mount Igikpak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humphreys_Peak" title="Humphreys Peak">Humphreys Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerro_de_Punta" title="Cerro de Punta">Cerro de Punta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheeler_Peak_(Nevada)" title="Wheeler Peak (Nevada)">Wheeler Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Vsevidof" title="Mount Vsevidof">Mount Vsevidof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Veniaminof" title="Mount Veniaminof">Mount Veniaminof</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kawaikini" title="Kawaikini">Kawaikini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dillingham_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Dillingham Census Area, Alaska">Dillingham HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hall_Island_(Alaska)" title="Hall Island (Alaska)">Hall Island HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_Knob" class="mw-redirect" title="Spruce Knob">Spruce Knob</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_Peak_(Utah)" title="Kings Peak (Utah)">Kings Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Blanca_(New_Mexico)" title="Sierra Blanca (New Mexico)">Sierra Blanca Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anatahan" title="Anatahan">Anatahan Island HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gorgonio_Mountain" title="San Gorgonio Mountain">San Gorgonio Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Katahdin" title="Mount Katahdin">Katahdin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peak_4030" title="Peak 4030">Peak 4030</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tooth_Benchmark&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Tooth Benchmark (page does not exist)">Tooth Benchmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baldy_(Arizona)" title="Mount Baldy (Arizona)">Mount Baldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Borah_Peak" title="Borah Peak">Borah Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lata_Mountain" title="Lata Mountain">Lata Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cloud_Peak" title="Cloud Peak">Cloud Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Elk_Peak" title="Black Elk Peak">Black Elk Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Slide_Mountain_(Ulster_County,_New_York)" title="Slide Mountain (Ulster County, New York)">Slide Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Griggs" title="Mount Griggs">Mount Griggs</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Charleston" title="Mount Charleston">Charleston Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Junipero_Serra_Peak" title="Junipero Serra Peak">Junipero Serra Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Baker" title="Mount Baker">Mount Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Marcy" title="Mount Marcy">Mount Marcy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Hayes" title="Mount Hayes">Mount Hayes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Marcus_Baker" title="Mount Marcus Baker">Mount Marcus Baker</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacajawea_Peak" title="Sacajawea Peak">Sacajawea Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steens_Mountain" title="Steens Mountain">Steens Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Fairweather" title="Mount Fairweather">Mount Fairweather</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Delano_Peak" title="Delano Peak">Delano Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Olympus_(Washington)" title="Mount Olympus (Washington)">Mount Olympus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Black_Mountain_(Alaska)" title="Black Mountain (Alaska)">Black Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blanca_Peak" title="Blanca Peak">Blanca Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Tozi&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Tozi (page does not exist)">Mount Tozi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Cleveland_(Montana)" title="Mount Cleveland (Montana)">Mount Cleveland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Jefferson_(Nevada)" title="Mount Jefferson (Nevada)">Mount Jefferson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Torbert" title="Mount Torbert">Mount Torbert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Chiginagak" title="Mount Chiginagak">Mount Chiginagak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hualapai_Peak" title="Hualapai Peak">Hualapai Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baldy_Peak_(Texas)" class="mw-redirect" title="Baldy Peak (Texas)">Baldy Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruby_Dome" title="Ruby Dome">Ruby Dome</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pavlof" title="Mount Pavlof">Pavlof Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truuli_Peak" title="Truuli Peak">Truuli Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Baldy" class="mw-redirect" title="South Baldy">South Baldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Sitkin_Volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Sitkin Volcano">Great Sitkin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eagle_Peak_(Modoc_County,_California)" title="Eagle Peak (Modoc County, California)">Eagle Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Taylor_(New_Mexico)" title="Mount Taylor (New Mexico)">Mount Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Accomplishment_Peak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Accomplishment Peak (page does not exist)">Accomplishment Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite_Peak_(Montana)" title="Granite Peak (Montana)">Granite Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kiska_Volcano" class="mw-redirect" title="Kiska Volcano">Kiska Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korovin_Volcano" title="Korovin Volcano">Korovin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Uncompahgre_Peak" title="Uncompahgre Peak">Uncompahgre Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devils_Paw" title="Devils Paw">Devils Paw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka%27ala" class="mw-redirect" title="Ka'ala">Kaʻala</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Koniag_Peak&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Koniag Peak (page does not exist)">Koniag Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cache_Peak_(Idaho)" class="mw-redirect" title="Cache Peak (Idaho)">Cache Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Makushin_Volcano" title="Makushin Volcano">Makushin Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Snowshoe_Peak" title="Snowshoe Peak">Snowshoe Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Pinos" title="Mount Pinos">Mount Pinos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Granite_Peak_(Humboldt_County,_Nevada)" title="Granite Peak (Humboldt County, Nevada)">Granite Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Graham" title="Mount Graham">Mount Graham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/West_Butte_(Montana)" title="West Butte (Montana)">West Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alamagan" title="Alamagan">Alamagan Island HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baranof_Island" title="Baranof Island">Veniaminof Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/McDonald_Peak" title="McDonald Peak">McDonald Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hilgard_Peak" title="Hilgard Peak">Hilgard Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haleakal%C4%81" title="Haleakalā">Haleakalā</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Nebo_(Utah)" title="Mount Nebo (Utah)">Mount Nebo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tweedy_Mountain" class="mw-redirect" title="Tweedy Mountain">Tweedy Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Blackburn_Hills&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Blackburn Hills (page does not exist)">Blackburn Hills</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Buldir_Volcano" title="Buldir Volcano">Buldir Volcano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tom_White" title="Mount Tom White">Mount Tom White</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Peale" title="Mount Peale">Mount Peale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guadalupe_Peak" title="Guadalupe Peak">Guadalupe Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Cinnabar_Mountain&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Cinnabar Mountain (page does not exist)">Cinnabar Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_Peak" title="Lassen Peak">Lassen Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuwohi" title="Kuwohi">Kuwohi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anvil_Peak" title="Anvil Peak">Anvil Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_McLoughlin" title="Mount McLoughlin">Mount McLoughlin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grand_Teton" title="Grand Teton">Grand Teton</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kaibab_Plateau" title="Kaibab Plateau">Kaibab Plateau HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Star_Peak_(Nevada)" title="Star Peak (Nevada)">Star Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Mountain_Peak" title="White Mountain Peak">White Mountain Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laramie_Peak" title="Laramie Peak">Laramie Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Miller_Peak_(Arizona)" title="Miller Peak (Arizona)">Miller Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kusilvak_Census_Area,_Alaska" title="Kusilvak Census Area, Alaska">Kusilvak HP</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Copernicus Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sugarloaf_Mountain_(Franklin_County,_Maine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sugarloaf Mountain (Franklin County, Maine)">Sugarloaf Mountain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Asuncion_Island" title="Asuncion Island">Asuncion Island HP</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chiricahua_Peak" title="Chiricahua Peak">Chiricahua Peak</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Harper_(Alaska)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Harper (Alaska) (page does not exist)">Mount Harper</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Mount_Angayukaqsraq&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Mount Angayukaqsraq (page does not exist)">Mount Angayukaqsraq</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Prindle" title="Mount Prindle">Mount Prindle</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Baldy_Mountain_(Hill_County,_Montana)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Baldy Mountain (Hill County, Montana) (page does not exist)">Bearpaw Baldy</a></li></ol> 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title="Culture of California">Culture</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cuisine_of_California" title="Cuisine of California">food</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_California" title="Music of California">music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Languages_of_California" class="mw-redirect" title="Languages of California">languages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_sound" title="California sound">California sound</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sports_in_California" title="Sports in California">sports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Dream" title="California Dream">California Dream</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crime_in_California" title="Crime in California">Crime</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Demographics_of_California" title="Demographics of California">Demographics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_earthquakes_in_California" title="List of earthquakes in California">Earthquakes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Economy_of_California" title="Economy of California">Economy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Agriculture_in_California" title="Agriculture in California">agriculture</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Education_in_California" title="Education in California">Education</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Environment_of_California" title="Environment of California">Environment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geography_of_California" title="Geography of California">Geography</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Climate_of_California" title="Climate of California">climate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ecology_of_California" title="Ecology of California">ecology</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Floristic_Province" title="California Floristic Province">flora</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fauna_of_California" title="Fauna of California">fauna</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Government_of_California" title="Government of California">Government</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Capitol" title="California State Capitol">Capitol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Districts_in_California" title="Districts in California">districts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Governor_of_California" title="Governor of California">governor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_State_Legislature" title="California State Legislature">legislature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_California" title="Supreme Court of California">Supreme Court</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Healthcare_in_California" title="Healthcare in California">Healthcare</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abortion_in_California" title="Abortion in California">Abortion</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/History_of_California" title="History of California">History</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_of_California" title="Law of California">Law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_rights_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT rights in California">LGBT rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Historic_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Historic Landmarks in California">National Historic Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_National_Natural_Landmarks_in_California" title="List of National Natural Landmarks in California">National Natural Landmarks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Register_of_Historic_Places_listings_in_California" title="National Register of Historic Places listings in California">NRHP listings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Politics_of_California" title="Politics of California">Politics</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_States_congressional_delegations_from_California" title="United States congressional delegations from California">congressional delegations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elections_in_California" title="Elections in California">elections</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_people_from_California" title="List of people from California">People</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_protected_areas" class="mw-redirect" title="California protected areas">Protected areas</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_parks" title="List of California state parks">state parks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_Historical_Landmarks" title="List of California Historical Landmarks">state historic landmarks</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_California_state_symbols" title="List of California state symbols">Symbols</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transportation_in_California" title="Transportation in California">Transportation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Water_in_California" title="Water in California">Water</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Index_of_California-related_articles" title="Index of California-related articles">Index of articles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_regions_of_California" title="List of regions of California">Regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antelope_Valley" title="Antelope Valley">Antelope Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Big_Sur" title="Big Sur">Big Sur</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Coast_Ranges" title="California Coast Ranges">California Coast Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cascade_Range" title="Cascade Range">Cascade Range</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_California" title="Central California">Central California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Coast_(California)" title="Central Coast (California)">Central Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Central_Valley_(California)" title="Central Valley (California)">Central Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Channel_Islands_(California)" title="Channel Islands (California)">Channel Islands</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coachella_Valley" title="Coachella Valley">Coachella Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coastal_California" title="Coastal California">Coastal California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conejo_Valley" title="Conejo Valley">Conejo Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cucamonga_Valley" title="Cucamonga Valley">Cucamonga Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_Valley" title="Death Valley">Death Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" class="mw-redirect" title="East Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">East Bay (SF Bay Area)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/East_County,_San_Diego" title="East County, San Diego">East County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_California" title="Eastern California">Eastern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emerald_Triangle" title="Emerald Triangle">Emerald Triangle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gold_Country" title="Gold Country">Gold Country</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Basin" title="Great Basin">Great Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_Valley" title="San Bernardino Valley">Greater San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Inland Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Klamath_Basin" title="Klamath Basin">Klamath Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_Tahoe" title="Lake Tahoe">Lake Tahoe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="Greater Los Angeles Area">Greater Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_Basin" title="Los Angeles Basin">Los Angeles Basin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lost_Coast" title="Lost Coast">Lost Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mojave_Desert" title="Mojave Desert">Mojave Desert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mountain_Empire,_San_Diego" title="Mountain Empire, San Diego">Mountain Empire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Bay_(San_Francisco_Bay_Area)" title="North Bay (San Francisco Bay Area)">North Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_Coast_(California)" title="North Coast (California)">North Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_County_(San_Diego_area)" title="North County (San Diego area)">North County (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northern_California" title="Northern California">Northern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_Coast" title="Orange Coast">Orange Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owens_Valley" title="Owens Valley">Owens Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oxnard_Plain" title="Oxnard Plain">Oxnard Plain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peninsular_Ranges" title="Peninsular Ranges">Peninsular Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pomona_Valley" title="Pomona Valley">Pomona Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento%E2%80%93San_Joaquin_River_Delta" title="Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta">Sacramento–San Joaquin River Delta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_Valley" title="Sacramento Valley">Sacramento Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saddleback_Valley" title="Saddleback Valley">Saddleback Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Salinas_Valley" title="Salinas Valley">Salinas Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Fernando_Valley" title="San Fernando Valley">San Fernando Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Bay_Area" title="San Francisco Bay Area">San Francisco Bay Area</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco_Peninsula" title="San Francisco Peninsula">San Francisco Peninsula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Gabriel_Valley" title="San Gabriel Valley">San Gabriel Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_Valley" title="San Joaquin Valley">San Joaquin Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley" title="Santa Clara Valley">Santa Clara Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_River_Valley" title="Santa Clara River Valley">Santa Clara River Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clarita_Valley" title="Santa Clarita Valley">Santa Clarita Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Ynez_Valley" title="Santa Ynez Valley">Santa Ynez Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_Cascade" title="Shasta Cascade">Shasta Cascade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_Nevada" title="Sierra Nevada">Sierra Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Silicon_Valley" title="Silicon Valley">Silicon Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay_(Los_Angeles_County)" title="South Bay (Los Angeles County)">South Bay (LA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Bay,_San_Diego" class="mw-redirect" title="South Bay, San Diego">South Bay (SD)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_Valley#San_Francisco_South_Bay" title="Santa Clara Valley">South Bay (SF)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/South_Coast_(California)" title="South Coast (California)">South Coast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Border_Region_(California)" title="Southern Border Region (California)">Southern Border Region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_California" title="Southern California">Southern California</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transverse_Ranges" title="Transverse Ranges">Transverse Ranges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tri-Valley" title="Tri-Valley">Tri-Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Victor_Valley" title="Victor Valley">Victor Valley</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wine_Country_(California)" class="mw-redirect" title="Wine Country (California)">Wine Country</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_statistical_area" title="Metropolitan statistical area">Metro regions</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Fresno" title="Metropolitan Fresno">Fresno–Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greater_Los_Angeles" title="Greater Los Angeles">Los Angeles-Long Beach-Anaheim</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_metropolitan_area" title="Sacramento metropolitan area">Sacramento–Roseville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inland_Empire" title="Inland Empire">Riverside–San Bernardino–Ontario</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego%E2%80%93Tijuana" title="San Diego–Tijuana">San Diego–Tijuana</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose%E2%80%93San_Francisco%E2%80%93Oakland,_CA_Combined_Statistical_Area" class="mw-redirect" title="San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland, CA Combined Statistical Area">San Jose–San Francisco–Oakland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_counties_in_California" title="List of counties in California">Counties</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alameda_County,_California" title="Alameda County, California">Alameda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alpine_County,_California" title="Alpine County, California">Alpine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amador_County,_California" title="Amador County, California">Amador</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Butte_County,_California" title="Butte County, California">Butte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Calaveras_County,_California" title="Calaveras County, California">Calaveras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colusa_County,_California" title="Colusa County, California">Colusa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Contra_Costa_County,_California" title="Contra Costa County, California">Contra Costa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Del_Norte_County,_California" title="Del Norte County, California">Del Norte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/El_Dorado_County,_California" title="El Dorado County, California">El Dorado</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno_County,_California" title="Fresno County, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Glenn_County,_California" title="Glenn County, California">Glenn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Humboldt_County,_California" title="Humboldt County, California">Humboldt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imperial_County,_California" title="Imperial County, California">Imperial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inyo_County,_California" title="Inyo County, California">Inyo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kern_County,_California" title="Kern County, California">Kern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kings_County,_California" title="Kings County, California">Kings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lake_County,_California" title="Lake County, California">Lake</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lassen_County,_California" title="Lassen County, California">Lassen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles_County,_California" title="Los Angeles County, California">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madera_County,_California" title="Madera County, California">Madera</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marin_County,_California" title="Marin County, California">Marin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mariposa_County,_California" title="Mariposa County, California">Mariposa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mendocino_County,_California" title="Mendocino County, California">Mendocino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merced_County,_California" title="Merced County, California">Merced</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Modoc_County,_California" title="Modoc County, California">Modoc</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mono_County,_California" title="Mono County, California">Mono</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monterey_County,_California" title="Monterey County, California">Monterey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Napa_County,_California" title="Napa County, California">Napa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nevada_County,_California" title="Nevada County, California">Nevada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orange_County,_California" title="Orange County, California">Orange</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Placer_County,_California" title="Placer County, California">Placer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plumas_County,_California" title="Plumas County, California">Plumas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Riverside_County,_California" title="Riverside County, California">Riverside</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento_County,_California" title="Sacramento County, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Benito_County,_California" title="San Benito County, California">San Benito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Bernardino_County,_California" title="San Bernardino County, California">San Bernardino</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego_County,_California" title="San Diego County, California">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Joaquin_County,_California" title="San Joaquin County, California">San Joaquin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Luis_Obispo_County,_California" title="San Luis Obispo County, California">San Luis Obispo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Mateo_County,_California" title="San Mateo County, California">San Mateo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Barbara_County,_California" title="Santa Barbara County, California">Santa Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Clara_County,_California" title="Santa Clara County, California">Santa Clara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Cruz_County,_California" title="Santa Cruz County, California">Santa Cruz</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shasta_County,_California" title="Shasta County, California">Shasta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sierra_County,_California" title="Sierra County, California">Sierra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siskiyou_County,_California" title="Siskiyou County, California">Siskiyou</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solano_County,_California" title="Solano County, California">Solano</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonoma_County,_California" title="Sonoma County, California">Sonoma</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stanislaus_County,_California" title="Stanislaus County, California">Stanislaus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sutter_County,_California" title="Sutter County, California">Sutter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tehama_County,_California" title="Tehama County, California">Tehama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trinity_County,_California" title="Trinity County, California">Trinity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tulare_County,_California" title="Tulare County, California">Tulare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuolumne_County,_California" title="Tuolumne County, California">Tuolumne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ventura_County,_California" title="Ventura County, California">Ventura</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yolo_County,_California" title="Yolo County, California">Yolo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Yuba_County,_California" title="Yuba County, California">Yuba</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background-color:#FCC200;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/List_of_cities_and_towns_in_California" class="mw-redirect" title="List of cities and towns in California">Most populous<br />cities</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Los_Angeles" title="Los Angeles">Los Angeles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Diego" title="San Diego">San Diego</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Jose,_California" title="San Jose, California">San Jose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Francisco" title="San Francisco">San Francisco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fresno,_California" title="Fresno, California">Fresno</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sacramento,_California" title="Sacramento, California">Sacramento</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Long_Beach,_California" title="Long Beach, California">Long Beach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oakland,_California" title="Oakland, California">Oakland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakersfield,_California" title="Bakersfield, California">Bakersfield</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anaheim,_California" title="Anaheim, California">Anaheim</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="background-color:#FCC200;"><div><b><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="flag" 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