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<span>Career</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Career-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Career subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Early_comic_routines" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Early_comic_routines"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Early comic routines</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Early_comic_routines-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Rise" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Rise"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Rise</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Rise-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Blacklist_years_and_HUAC_testimony" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Blacklist_years_and_HUAC_testimony"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Blacklist years and HUAC testimony</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Blacklist_years_and_HUAC_testimony-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ulysses_in_Nighttown_and_career_revival" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ulysses_in_Nighttown_and_career_revival"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span><i>Ulysses in Nighttown</i> and career revival</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ulysses_in_Nighttown_and_career_revival-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-1960s_and_height_of_career" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#1960s_and_height_of_career"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.5</span> <span>1960s and height of career</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-1960s_and_height_of_career-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Last_years" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Last_years"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Last years</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Last_years-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Last years subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Last_years-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Death" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Death"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Death</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Death-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Professional_relationships" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Professional_relationships"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Professional relationships</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Professional_relationships-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Acting_credits" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Acting_credits"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Acting credits</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Acting_credits-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Acting credits subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Acting_credits-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Filmography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filmography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Filmography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filmography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Television" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Television"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Television</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Television-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Stage" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Stage"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.3</span> <span>Stage</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Stage-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.4</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Awards_and_nominations" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Awards_and_nominations"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Awards and nominations</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Awards_and_nominations-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-References-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle References subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sources" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sources"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Sources</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sources-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">8</span> <span>External links</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" 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<div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 30 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-30" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">30 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84" title="زیرو موستل – South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="زیرو موستل" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BB" title="Зера Мостэл – Belarusian" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Зера Мостэл" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="Belarusian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%96%CE%AF%CF%81%CE%BF_%CE%9C%CF%8C%CF%83%CF%84%CE%B5%CE%BB" title="Ζίρο Μόστελ – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Ζίρο Μόστελ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%84" title="زیرو موستل – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="زیرو موستل" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%9C%EB%A1%9C_%EB%AA%A8%EC%8A%A4%ED%85%94" title="제로 모스텔 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="제로 모스텔" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%96%D7%99%D7%A8%D7%95_%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A1%D7%98%D7%9C" title="זירו מוסטל – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="זירו מוסטל" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Зеро Мостел – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Зеро Мостел" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%D9%8A%D8%B1%D9%88_%D9%85%D9%88%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%8A%D9%84" title="زيرو موستيل – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="زيرو موستيل" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%BC%E3%83%AD%E3%83%BB%E3%83%A2%E3%82%B9%E3%83%86%E3%83%AB" title="ゼロ・モステル – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゼロ・モステル" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB,_%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE" title="Мостел, Зеро – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Мостел, Зеро" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ckb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ckb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B2%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%86_%D9%85%DB%86%D8%B3%D8%AA%DB%8E%D9%84" title="زیرۆ مۆستێل – Central Kurdish" lang="ckb" hreflang="ckb" data-title="زیرۆ مۆستێل" data-language-autonym="کوردی" data-language-local-name="Central Kurdish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>کوردی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="Zero Mostel – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Zero Mostel" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%97%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB" title="Зеро Мостел – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Зеро Мостел" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q191952#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespaces"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Zero_Mostel" title="View the content page [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Article</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Talk:Zero_Mostel" 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">American actor (1915–1977)</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox biography vcard"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="font-size:125%;"><div class="fn">Zero Mostel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG/220px-Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="286" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG/330px-Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/20/Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG/440px-Zero_Mostel_-_Fiddler.JPG 2x" data-file-width="812" data-file-height="1054" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Zero Mostel as <a href="/wiki/Tevye" title="Tevye">Tevye</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Born</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display:inline" class="nickname">Samuel Joel Mostel</div><br /><span style="display:none">(<span class="bday">1915-02-28</span>)</span>February 28, 1915<br /><div style="display:inline" class="birthplace"><a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn</a>, New York City, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">September 8, 1977<span style="display:none">(1977-09-08)</span> (aged 62)<br /><div style="display:inline" class="deathplace"><a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, Pennsylvania, U.S.</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Alma mater</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a><br /><a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Occupations</th><td class="infobox-data role"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Actor</li><li>comedian</li><li>singer</li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Years active</th><td class="infobox-data">1941–1977</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Spouses</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1151524712">.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin2px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-2px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-line-margin3px{line-height:0;margin-bottom:-3px}.mw-parser-output .marriage-display-ws{display:inline;white-space:nowrap}</style> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;margin-top:1px;white-space:normal;">Clara Sverd</div> <div class="marriage-line-margin2px"></div> <div style="display:inline-block;margin-bottom:1px;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1939; <abbr title="divorced">div.</abbr> 1944)<wbr /></div></li><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1151524712"> <div class="marriage-display-ws"><div style="display:inline-block;line-height:normal;"><a href="/wiki/Kate_Mostel" title="Kate Mostel">Kate Harkin</a></div> <div style="display:inline-block;"></div>(<abbr title="married">m.</abbr> 1944)<wbr /></div></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Children</th><td class="infobox-data">2, including <a href="/wiki/Josh_Mostel" title="Josh Mostel">Josh</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Samuel Joel</b> "<b>Zero</b>" <b>Mostel</b> (February 28, 1915 – September 8, 1977) was an American actor, comedian, and singer. He is best known for his portrayal of comic characters including <a href="/wiki/Tevye" title="Tevye">Tevye</a> on stage in <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i>, Pseudolus on stage and on screen in <i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></i>, and <a href="/wiki/Max_Bialystock" class="mw-redirect" title="Max Bialystock">Max Bialystock</a> in the original film version of <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a>' <i><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(1968_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Producers (1968 film)">The Producers</a></i> (1967). Mostel was a student of <a href="/wiki/Don_Richardson_(director)" title="Don Richardson (director)">Don Richardson</a> and he used an acting technique based on <a href="/wiki/Muscle_memory" title="Muscle memory">muscle memory</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He was <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_blacklist" title="Hollywood blacklist">blacklisted</a> during the 1950s; his testimony before the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> was well publicized. Mostel later starred in the <a href="/wiki/Hollywood_Blacklist" class="mw-redirect" title="Hollywood Blacklist">Hollywood Blacklist</a> drama film <i><a href="/wiki/The_Front" title="The Front">The Front</a></i> (1976) alongside <a href="/wiki/Woody_Allen" title="Woody Allen">Woody Allen</a>, for which Mostel was nominated for the <a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="British Academy Film Award">British Academy Film Award</a> for <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">Best Supporting Actor</a>. </p><p>Mostel was an <a href="/wiki/Obie_Award" title="Obie Award">Obie Award</a> and three-time <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> winner. He is also a member of the <a href="/wiki/American_Theater_Hall_of_Fame" title="American Theater Hall of Fame">American Theater Hall of Fame</a>, inducted posthumously in 1979.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Early_life">Early life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Early life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mostel was born in <a href="/wiki/Brooklyn" title="Brooklyn">Brooklyn, New York</a> to Israel Mostel and Tzina Druchs (also spelled Cina, known as Celia), both <a href="/wiki/Ashkenazi_Jews" title="Ashkenazi Jews">Ashkenazi Jewish</a> emigrants from <a href="/wiki/Galicia_(Eastern_Europe)" title="Galicia (Eastern Europe)">Kingdom of Galicia</a>. </p><p>His father was born in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Dev%27yatnyky&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Dev'yatnyky (page does not exist)">Dziewięcniki</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%94%D0%B5%D0%B2%27%D1%8F%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" class="extiw" title="uk:Дев'ятники">uk</a>]</span>,<sup id="cite_ref-imm_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> then in <a href="/wiki/Austria-Hungary" title="Austria-Hungary">Austria-Hungary</a>, later in Poland, and now in <a href="/wiki/Lviv_Oblast" title="Lviv Oblast">Lviv Oblast</a>, Ukraine.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He immigrated to the United States in 1898 with his first wife, Esther Wirklich Mostel, and young daughter, Celia. They would have three more children – Hyman, Sarah (Sadie), and Benjamin – before her death in 1908.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>His mother, Tzina, grew up in <a href="/wiki/Vienna" title="Vienna">Vienna, Austria</a>, and immigrated in 1906.<sup id="cite_ref-imm_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-imm-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Israel had five more children with Tzina: Morris, Milton, Aaron, Samuel (later known as Zero), and William.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>As a child, he earned the nickname "Zero" from his classmates to match his poor grades.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He kept the moniker when he went into show business, though his mother hated it.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Initially living in the <a href="/wiki/Brownsville,_Brooklyn" title="Brownsville, Brooklyn">Brownsville</a> section of Brooklyn, the family moved to <a href="/wiki/Moodus,_Connecticut" title="Moodus, Connecticut">Moodus, Connecticut</a>, where they bought a farm. The family's income in those days came from a winery and a slaughterhouse. The farm failed, and the family moved back to <a href="/wiki/New_York_City" title="New York City">New York</a>, where his father obtained work as a wine chemist. Zero was described by his family as outgoing and lively, and with a developed sense of humor. He showed an intelligence and perception which convinced his father he had the makings of a <a href="/wiki/Rabbi" title="Rabbi">rabbi</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-life1943_13-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life1943-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but Zero preferred painting and drawing, a passion he retained for life. </p><p>According to Roger Butterfield, Zero's mother sent him to the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a> to copy paintings while dressed in a velvet suit. Zero had a favorite painting, <a href="/wiki/John_White_Alexander" title="John White Alexander">John White Alexander</a>'s <i><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Study_in_Black_and_Green.JPG" class="extiw" title="commons:File:Study in Black and Green.JPG">Study in Black and Green</a></i>, which he copied every day, to the delight of the gallery crowds. One afternoon, while a crowd was watching over his velvet-clad shoulder, he solemnly copied the whole painting upside down, delighting his audience.<sup id="cite_ref-life1943_13-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-life1943-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In addition to English, Zero Mostel spoke <a href="/wiki/Yiddish" title="Yiddish">Yiddish</a>, Italian, and German.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (July 2019)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He attended Public School 188, where he was an A student.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (November 2017)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He also received professional training as a painter through <a href="/wiki/The_Educational_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="The Educational Alliance">The Educational Alliance</a>. He completed his high school education at <a href="/wiki/Seward_Park_Campus" title="Seward Park Campus">Seward Park High School</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Obituary_14-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Obituary-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> where his yearbook noted: "A future <a href="/wiki/Rembrandt" title="Rembrandt">Rembrandt</a>... or perhaps a comedian?".<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> He attended the <a href="/wiki/City_College_of_New_York" title="City College of New York">City College of New York</a>, a public college that allowed many poor students to pursue higher education. He later claimed that he was on the swimming team and the <a href="/wiki/Reserve_Officers_Training_Corps" class="mw-redirect" title="Reserve Officers Training Corps">Reserve Officers Training Corps</a>, though the claim is dubious.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As only beginner classes were available in art, Mostel took them repeatedly to be able to paint and receive professional feedback.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Obituary_14-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Obituary-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> During the time he worked odd jobs. He graduated in 1935 with a bachelor's degree. He then continued studying towards a master's degree at <a href="/wiki/New_York_University" title="New York University">New York University</a> before leaving after a year to find work.<sup id="cite_ref-NYT-Obituary_14-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NYT-Obituary-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He then joined the <a href="/wiki/Public_Works_of_Art_Project" title="Public Works of Art Project">Public Works of Art Project</a> (PWAP), which paid him a stipend to teach art.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1939, he married Clara Sverd, and the couple moved to an apartment in Brooklyn. The marriage did not last, however, since Clara could not accept the many hours Mostel spent in his studio with his fellow artists, and he did not seem to be able to provide for her at the level to which she had been accustomed. They separated in 1941 and divorced in 1944, Clara only agreeing to the divorce in return for a percentage of Mostel's earnings for the rest of his life. The arrangement lasted until the mid-1950s.<sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Career">Career</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Early_comic_routines">Early comic routines</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Early comic routines"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zeromostel.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ce/Zeromostel.jpg/220px-Zeromostel.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="345" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/c/ce/Zeromostel.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="246" data-file-height="386" /></a><figcaption>Mostel as Leopold Bloom in <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_in_Nighttown" title="Ulysses in Nighttown">Ulysses in Nighttown</a></i> in 1958</figcaption></figure> <p>Part of Mostel's duty with the <a href="/wiki/Public_Works_of_Art_Project" title="Public Works of Art Project">Public Works of Art Project</a> (PWAP) was to give gallery talks at New York's museums.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>In 1941, the <a href="/wiki/Caf%C3%A9_Society" title="Café Society">Café Society</a>, a downtown <a href="/wiki/Manhattan" title="Manhattan">Manhattan</a> nightclub, hired Mostel as a professional comedian to play regularly there, where he adopted the stage name Zero.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Rise">Rise</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Rise"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mostel's rise professionally was rapid. In 1942, his salary at the Café Society went up from $40 a week to $450; he appeared on radio shows, opened in two <a href="/wiki/Broadway_theatre" title="Broadway theatre">Broadway</a> shows (<i>Keep Them Laughing</i>, <i>Top-Notchers</i>), played at the <a href="/wiki/Paramount_Theater_(New_York_City)" class="mw-redirect" title="Paramount Theater (New York City)">Paramount Theatre</a>, appeared in an <a href="/wiki/Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer" title="Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer">MGM</a> movie (<i><a href="/wiki/DuBarry_Was_a_Lady_(film)" class="mw-redirect" title="DuBarry Was a Lady (film)">Du Barry Was a Lady</a></i>), and booked into <i><a href="/wiki/La_Martinique" title="La Martinique">La Martinique</a></i> at $4,000 a week. He also made <a href="/wiki/Cameo_appearance" title="Cameo appearance">cameo appearances</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Yiddish_theatre" title="Yiddish theatre">Yiddish theatre</a>, which influenced his performance style. In 1943 <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">Life</a></i> magazine described him as "just about the funniest American now living".<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In March 1943, Mostel was drafted by the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Army" title="United States Army">US Army</a>. Although he gave varying accounts of his Army service, records show he was honorably discharged in August 1943 because of an unspecified physical disability. He entertained servicemen giving <a href="/wiki/United_Service_Organizations" title="United Service Organizations">USO</a> performances until 1945.<sup id="cite_ref-18" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Mostel married <a href="/wiki/Kate_Mostel" title="Kate Mostel">Kathryn (Kate) Cecilia Harkin</a>, an actress and dancer, on July 2, 1944, after two years of courtship. The pair met at <a href="/wiki/Radio_City_Music_Hall" title="Radio City Music Hall">Radio City Music Hall</a> where she was a <a href="/wiki/Rockette" class="mw-redirect" title="Rockette">Rockette</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The marriage caused problems in his relationship with his <a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Jew" class="mw-redirect" title="Orthodox Jew">Orthodox Jewish</a> parents: his new wife was not Jewish. His mother never met Kate or her grandsons.<sup id="cite_ref-Sainer_20-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sainer-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 89">: 89 </span></sup> The marriage had problems at times, again mostly due to Mostel's spending most of his time in his art studio. Their relationship was described by friends of the family as complicated, with many fights but having mutual adoration. The couple stayed together until Mostel's death; they had two children, film actor <a href="/wiki/Josh_Mostel" title="Josh Mostel">Josh Mostel</a> in 1946 and Tobias in 1948. After Zero's discharge from the Army, his career resumed. He appeared in a series of plays, musicals, operas, and movies. In 1946 he even made an attempt at serious operatic acting in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera" title="The Beggar's Opera">The Beggar's Opera</a></i>, but received lukewarm reviews. He sang the title role in a short film of <a href="/wiki/Puccini" class="mw-redirect" title="Puccini">Puccini</a>'s comic opera <i><a href="/wiki/Gianni_Schicchi" title="Gianni Schicchi">Gianni Schicchi</a></i>. Critics saw him as a versatile performer. </p><p>Zero Mostel made notable appearances on New York City television in the late 1940s. He had his own show in 1948 called <i><a href="/wiki/Off_the_Record_(TV_series)" title="Off the Record (TV series)">Off The Record</a></i> on <a href="/wiki/WNYW" title="WNYW">WABD</a> with comedian partner <a href="/wiki/Joey_Faye" title="Joey Faye">Joey Faye</a>. Simultaneously, Mostel had a live TV show on <a href="/wiki/WPIX" title="WPIX">WPIX</a>, <i>Channel Zero</i>. He also appeared in the May 11, 1949 <i><a href="/wiki/Toast_of_the_Town" class="mw-redirect" title="Toast of the Town">Toast of the Town</a></i> broadcast hosted by <a href="/wiki/Ed_Sullivan" title="Ed Sullivan">Ed Sullivan</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Blacklist_years_and_HUAC_testimony">Blacklist years and HUAC testimony</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Blacklist years and HUAC testimony"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Mostel had been a leftist since college and his nightclub routine included political jabs at right-wingers. His MGM contract was terminated, and his role in <i>Du Barry Was a Lady</i> was truncated, because studio executives were upset that he participated in protests against another MGM film, <i><a href="/wiki/Tennessee_Johnson" title="Tennessee Johnson">Tennessee Johnson</a></i>, which protesters believed had downplayed the racism of former US President <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Johnson" title="Andrew Johnson">Andrew Johnson</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> According to biographer Arthur Sainer, "MGM blacklisted Zero Mostel way before the days of the blacklist".<sup id="cite_ref-Sainer_20-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sainer-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup class="reference nowrap"><span title="Page / location: 186">: 186 </span></sup> During his Army service he was under investigation for alleged Communist Party membership. The Military Intelligence Division of the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_War" title="United States Department of War">U.S. War Department</a> said it was "reliably reported" that he was a Communist Party member.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Post Intelligence Officer at the Army's Camp Croft, where Mostel served, believed that Mostel was "definitely a Communist." As a result of that, his application to be an entertainment director with the US Army Special Services unit was denied. Mostel had lobbied hard to transfer to <a href="/wiki/Special_Services_(entertainment)" title="Special Services (entertainment)">Special Services</a>, at one point traveling to Washington to request a transfer.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>It was not until 1950 that Mostel again acted in movies, for a role in the Oscar-winning film <i><a href="/wiki/Panic_in_the_Streets_(film)" title="Panic in the Streets (film)">Panic in the Streets</a></i>, at the request of its director, <a href="/wiki/Elia_Kazan" title="Elia Kazan">Elia Kazan</a>. Kazan describes his attitude and feelings during that period, where </p> <dl><dd>Each director has a favorite in his cast... my favorite this time was Zero Mostel—but not to bully. I thought him an extraordinary artist and a delightful companion, one of the funniest and most original men I'd ever met... I constantly sought his company... He was one of the three people whom I rescued from the "industry's" blacklist... For a long time, Zero had not been able to get work in films, but I got him in my film."<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <p>Mostel played supporting roles in five movies for <a href="/wiki/20th_Century_Fox" class="mw-redirect" title="20th Century Fox">Twentieth Century Fox</a> in 1950, all in films released in 1951. Fox then abruptly cancelled his contract. Mostel learned this after he was lent out to <a href="/wiki/Columbia_Pictures" title="Columbia Pictures">Columbia</a> for a film role but not permitted on the set. The studio may have received word that he was about to be named as a Communist in Congressional testimony.<sup id="cite_ref-25" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>On January 29, 1952, <a href="/wiki/Martin_Berkeley" title="Martin Berkeley">Martin Berkeley</a> identified Mostel to the <a href="/wiki/House_Un-American_Activities_Committee" title="House Un-American Activities Committee">House Un-American Activities Committee</a> (HUAC) as having been a member of the <a href="/wiki/Communist" class="mw-redirect" title="Communist">Communist</a> Party. After the testimony he was effectively blacklisted. He was subpoenaed to appear before HUAC on August 14, 1955. Mostel declined to name names and jousted with the members of Congress, invoked the Fifth Amendment, while standing up for his right to the privacy of his personal political beliefs.<sup id="cite_ref-26" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His testimony won him admiration in the blacklisted community, and in addition to not naming names he also confronted the committee on ideological matters, something that was rarely done. Among other things, he referred to Twentieth Century Fox as "18th Century Fox" (due to its collaboration with the committee), and manipulated the committee members to make them appear foolish.<sup id="cite_ref-wark_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-wark-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Mostel later commented: "What did they think I was going to do – sell acting secrets to the Russians?"<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (September 2020)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1224211176">.mw-parser-output .quotebox{background-color:#F9F9F9;border:1px solid #aaa;box-sizing:border-box;padding:10px;font-size:88%;max-width:100%}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft{margin:.5em 1.4em .8em 0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright{margin:.5em 0 .8em 1.4em}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.centered{overflow:hidden;position:relative;margin:.5em auto .8em auto}.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatleft span,.mw-parser-output .quotebox.floatright span{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox>blockquote{margin:0;padding:0;border-left:0;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-title{text-align:center;font-size:110%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote>:first-child{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote:last-child>:last-child{margin-bottom:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:before{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" “ ";vertical-align:-45%;line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox-quote.quoted:after{font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-weight:bold;font-size:large;color:gray;content:" ” ";line-height:0}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .left-aligned{text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .right-aligned{text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .center-aligned{text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quote-title,.mw-parser-output .quotebox .quotebox-quote{display:block}.mw-parser-output .quotebox cite{display:block;font-style:normal}@media screen and (max-width:640px){.mw-parser-output .quotebox{width:100%!important;margin:0 0 .8em!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="quotebox pullquote floatright" style="width:500px; ;"> <div class="quotebox-title" style="">Segment of Zero Mostel's testimony before HUAC</div> <blockquote class="quotebox-quote left-aligned" style=""> <p><a href="/wiki/Donald_L._Jackson" title="Donald L. Jackson">MR. JACKSON</a>: <a href="/wiki/Francis_E._Walter" title="Francis E. Walter">Mr. Chairman</a>, may I say that I can think of no greater way to parade one's political beliefs than to appear under the auspices of Mainstream, a Communist publication... </p><p>MR. MOSTEL: I appreciate your opinion very much, but I do want to say that – I don't know, you know – I still stand on pay grounds, and maybe it is unwise and unpolitic of me to say this. If I appeared there, what if I did an imitation of a butterfly at rest? There is no crime in making anybody laugh ... I don't care if you laugh at me. </p><p>MR. JACKSON: If your interpretation of a butterfly at rest brought any money into the coffers of the Communist Party, you contributed directly to the propaganda effort of the Communist Party. </p><p>MR. MOSTEL: Suppose I had the urge to do the butterfly at rest somewhere. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Clyde_Doyle" title="Clyde Doyle">MR. DOYLE</a>: Yes, but please, when you have the urge, don't have such an urge to put the butterfly at rest by putting money in the Communist Party coffers as a result of that urge to put the butterfly at rest. </p> </blockquote> <p style="padding-bottom: 0;"><cite class="left-aligned" style="">HUAC Hearing, Oct. 14, 1955.</cite></p> </div> <p>The admiration he received for his testimony did nothing to take him off the blacklist, however, and the family had to struggle throughout the 1950s with little income. Mostel used this time to work in his studio. Later he said that he cherished those years for the time it had afforded him to do what he loved most. Mostel's appearance before the HUAC (as well as others) was incorporated into <a href="/wiki/Eric_Bentley" title="Eric Bentley">Eric Bentley</a>'s 1972 play <i>Are You Now or Have You Ever Been...?</i> During this period he also appeared in many regional productions of shows like <i>Peter Pan</i> (as Captain Hook) and <i>Kismet</i> (as the Wazir), with his name seen prominently in the advertising. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ulysses_in_Nighttown_and_career_revival"><i>Ulysses in Nighttown</i> and career revival</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Ulysses in Nighttown and career revival"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In 1957, Toby Cole, a New York theatrical agent who strongly opposed the blacklist, contacted Mostel and asked to represent him. Mostel agreed, and the partnership led to the revival of Mostel's career and made him a household name. He accepted the role of Leopold Bloom in <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_in_Nighttown" title="Ulysses in Nighttown">Ulysses in Nighttown</a></i>, a play based on the novel <i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_(novel)" title="Ulysses (novel)">Ulysses</a></i>, which he had greatly admired in his youth. It was an <a href="/wiki/Off-Off-Broadway" class="mw-redirect" title="Off-Off-Broadway">Off-Off-Broadway</a> play produced in a small <a href="/wiki/Houston_Street_(Manhattan)" class="mw-redirect" title="Houston Street (Manhattan)">Houston Street</a> theater, but the reviews he received were overwhelmingly favorable. Most notably, <i><a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a></i><span class="nowrap" style="padding-left:0.1em;">'</span>s Jack Kroll compared him to <a href="/wiki/Laurence_Olivier" title="Laurence Olivier">Laurence Olivier</a>, writing, "Something unbelievable happened. A fat comedian named Zero Mostel gave a performance that was even more astonishing than Olivier's". Mostel received the <a href="/wiki/Obie_award" class="mw-redirect" title="Obie award">Obie award</a> for best <a href="/wiki/Off_Broadway" class="mw-redirect" title="Off Broadway">Off Broadway</a> performance of the 1958–59 season. </p><p>After the success of <i>Ulysses</i>, Mostel received many offers to appear in classic roles, especially abroad; however, he declined the offers because of artistic differences with the directors and the low salaries associated with the roles. By that time the effects of the blacklist were lessening, and in 1959 and 1961 he appeared in two episodes of TV's <i>The Play of the Week</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="1960s_and_height_of_career">1960s and height of career</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: 1960s and height of career"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg/220px-Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="281" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg/330px-Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg/440px-Zero_Mostel_-_still.jpg 2x" data-file-width="723" data-file-height="923" /></a><figcaption>Mostel, c. 1960</figcaption></figure> <p>On January 13, 1960, while exiting a taxi on his way back from rehearsals for the play <i>The Good Soup</i>, Mostel was hit by a number 18 (now the M86) 86th Street crosstown bus, and his leg was crushed. The doctors wanted to amputate the leg, which would have effectively ended his stage career. Mostel refused, accepting the risk of <a href="/wiki/Gangrene" title="Gangrene">gangrene</a>, and remained hospitalized for four months. The injury took a huge toll; for the rest of his life, the massively-scarred leg gave him pain and required frequent rests and baths. He sought compensation for the injury by retaining the famous <a href="/wiki/Harry_Lipsig" title="Harry Lipsig">Harry Lipsig</a> (the 5'3" self-described "King of Torts") as his attorney. The case was settled for an undisclosed sum. From this time forward, whenever he attended the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Opera" title="Metropolitan Opera">Metropolitan Opera</a>, Mostel carried a cane to go along with the cape that he also favored.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Later in the year Mostel took on the role of <a href="/wiki/Estragon" title="Estragon">Estragon</a> in a TV adaptation of <i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a>.</i> In 1961, he played Jean in <i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(play)" title="Rhinoceros (play)">Rhinoceros</a></i> to very favorable reviews. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a>'s</i> Robert Brustein said that he had "a great dancer's control of movement, a great actor's control of voice, a great mime's control of facial expressions." His transition onstage from man to rhinoceros became a thing of legend; he won his first <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for Best Actor, even though he was not in the lead role. In 1962 Mostel began work on the role of Pseudolus in the Broadway musical <i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a>,</i> which was to be one of his best-remembered roles. The role of Pseudolus was originally offered to <a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a>, who declined it, saying he did not want to do this "old shtick". Mostel did not originally want to do the role either, which he thought below his capabilities, but was convinced by his wife and agent. The reviews were excellent, and, after a few slow weeks after which the play was partially rewritten with a new opening song, "Comedy Tonight", which became the play's most popular piece, the show became a great commercial success, running 964 performances and conferring star status on Mostel (he also won a Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical for this role). <a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum_(film)" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (film)">A film version</a> was produced in 1966, also starring Mostel – and Silvers. </p><p>On September 22, 1964, Mostel opened as Tevye in the original Broadway production of <i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a>.</i> Because of Mostel's respect for the works of <a href="/wiki/Sholem_Aleichem" title="Sholem Aleichem">Sholem Aleichem</a> he insisted that more of the author's mood and style be incorporated into the musical, and he made major contributions to its shape. He also created the <a href="/wiki/Hazzan" title="Hazzan">cantorial</a> sounds made famous in the song "<a href="/wiki/If_I_Were_a_Rich_Man_(song)" title="If I Were a Rich Man (song)">If I Were a Rich Man</a>". <i>The New York Times</i> wrote "Zero Mostel's Tevye is so penetrating and heartwarming that you all but forget that it is a performance."<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In later years, the actors who followed Mostel in the role of Tevye invariably followed his staging. The show received rave reviews and was a great commercial success, running 3,242 performances, a record at the time. Mostel received a <a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> for it and was invited to a reception in the <a href="/wiki/White_House" title="White House">White House</a>, officially ending his status as a political pariah.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mostel in 1967 appeared as Potemkin in <i><a href="/wiki/Great_Catherine_(film)" title="Great Catherine (film)">Great Catherine</a></i>. He was due to co-star with <a href="/wiki/Julie_Newmar" title="Julie Newmar">Julie Newmar</a> in <i>Monsieur Lecoq</i> filmed in France and the U.K., but the film was never completed.<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the same year he took the role of Max Bialystock in <i><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(1967_film)" title="The Producers (1967 film)">The Producers</a>.</i> Mostel refused to accept the role of Max at first, but director <a href="/wiki/Mel_Brooks" title="Mel Brooks">Mel Brooks</a> persuaded him to show the script to his wife, who then talked Mostel into doing it. His performance originally received mixed reviews, and the film overall was not a great success at the time of its release. The comedy, however, has since achieved classic status in the decades after its premiere. Reflecting on that rising popularity, <a href="/wiki/Roger_Ebert" title="Roger Ebert">Roger Ebert</a>, longtime critic for the <i><a href="/wiki/Chicago_Sun-Times" title="Chicago Sun-Times">Chicago Sun-Times</a></i>, wrote in 2000, "This is one of the funniest movies ever made", adding that Mostel's performance "is a masterpiece of low comedy."<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>He lived in a large rented apartment in <a href="/wiki/The_Belnord" title="The Belnord">The Belnord</a> on the <a href="/wiki/Upper_West_Side" title="Upper West Side">Upper West Side</a> of Manhattan and built a summer house on Monhegan Island in Maine.<sup id="cite_ref-belnord_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-belnord-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Last_years">Last years</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Last years"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg/220px-Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg/330px-Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/49/Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg/440px-Zero_Mostel_actor_on_the_set_of_Fore_play_cropped.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4251" data-file-height="3099" /></a><figcaption>Zero Mostel in 1973 on the set of the film <i><a href="/wiki/Fore_Play" title="Fore Play">Fore Play</a></i></figcaption></figure> <p>In his last decade, Mostel's star dimmed as he appeared in movies that were received with indifference by both critics and the general audience. These titles include <i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Bank_Robbery_(1969_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Bank Robbery (1969 film)">The Great Bank Robbery</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Scoundrel" title="Once Upon a Scoundrel">Once Upon a Scoundrel</a></i>. In the 1970s, he often played supporting rather than lead roles. </p><p>His more notable films in these years include the movie version of <i>Rhinoceros</i> (appearing with his <i>Producers</i> costar <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a>), <i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rock_(film)" title="The Hot Rock (film)">The Hot Rock</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/The_Front" title="The Front">The Front</a></i> (where he played Hecky Brown, a blacklisted performer whose story bears a similarity to Mostel's own, and for which he was nominated for a <a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="BAFTA Award">BAFTA Award</a> for Best Supporting Actor). Screenwriter <a href="/wiki/Walter_Bernstein" title="Walter Bernstein">Walter Bernstein</a> loosely based the character of Hecky Brown on television actor <a href="/wiki/Philip_Loeb" title="Philip Loeb">Philip Loeb</a>, who was a friend of Mostel.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On Broadway, he starred in revivals of <i>Ulysses in Nighttown</i> (receiving a Tony nomination for Best Actor) and <i>Fiddler on the Roof</i>. He also made memorable appearances in children's shows such as <i><a href="/wiki/Sesame_Street" title="Sesame Street">Sesame Street</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Company" title="The Electric Company">The Electric Company</a></i> (for which he performed the Spellbinder in the Letterman cartoons), and gave voice to the boisterous seagull <a href="/wiki/Kehaar" class="mw-redirect" title="Kehaar">Kehaar</a> in the animated film <i><a href="/wiki/Watership_Down_(film)" title="Watership Down (film)">Watership Down</a></i>. He also appeared as a guest star during Season 2 of <i><a href="/wiki/List_of_The_Muppet_Show_episodes#Season_2_(1977–1978)" title="List of The Muppet Show episodes"><i>The Muppet Show</i></a></i>,<sup id="cite_ref-muppet_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muppet-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> taped during mid-1977 and broadcast after his death. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Death">Death</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Death"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In the last four months of his life, Mostel took on a nutritionally unsound diet (later described by his friends as a starvation diet) that reduced his weight from 304 pounds (138 kg) to 215 pounds (98 kg). During rehearsals for <a href="/wiki/Arnold_Wesker" title="Arnold Wesker">Arnold Wesker</a>'s new play <i><a href="/wiki/The_Merchant_(play)" title="The Merchant (play)">The Merchant</a></i> (in which Mostel played a reimagined version of Shakespeare's <a href="/wiki/Shylock" title="Shylock">Shylock</a>) in <a href="/wiki/Philadelphia" title="Philadelphia">Philadelphia</a>, he collapsed in his dressing room and was taken to <a href="/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson_University_Hospital" title="Thomas Jefferson University Hospital">Thomas Jefferson University Hospital</a>. He was diagnosed with a respiratory disorder; it was believed he was in no danger and would be released soon. However, on September 8, 1977, Mostel complained of dizziness and lost consciousness. The attending physicians were unable to revive him, and he was pronounced dead that evening. It is believed that he suffered an <a href="/wiki/Aortic_aneurysm" title="Aortic aneurysm">aortic aneurysm</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Wesker wrote a book chronicling the out-of-town tribulations that beset the play and culminated in Zero's death called <i>The Birth of Shylock and the Death of Zero Mostel</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In accordance with his final requests, his family did not stage any funeral or other memorial service. Mostel was cremated following his death; the location of his ashes is not publicly known.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Professional_relationships">Professional relationships</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Professional relationships"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> Mostel often collided with directors and other performers in the course of his professional career. He was described as irreverent, believing himself to be a comic genius (many critics agreed with him) and showed little patience for incompetence. He often improvised, which was received well by audiences but which often left other performers (who were not prepared for his ad-libbed lines) confused and speechless during live performances. He often dominated the stage whether or not his role called for it. <a href="/wiki/Norman_Jewison" title="Norman Jewison">Norman Jewison</a> stated this as a reason for preferring <a href="/wiki/Chaim_Topol" title="Chaim Topol">Chaim Topol</a> for the role of Tevye in the <a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof_(film)" title="Fiddler on the Roof (film)">movie version of <i>Fiddler on the Roof</i></a>. Mostel took exception to these criticisms:<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>There's a kind of silliness in the theater about what one contributes to a show. The producer obviously contributes the money… but must the actor contribute nothing at all? I'm not a modest fellow about those things. I contribute a great deal. And they always manage to hang you for having an interpretation. Isn't [the theater] where your imagination should flower? Why must it always be dull as shit?<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Other producers, such as <a href="/wiki/Jerome_Robbins" title="Jerome Robbins">Jerome Robbins</a> and <a href="/wiki/Hal_Prince" class="mw-redirect" title="Hal Prince">Hal Prince</a>, preferred to hire Mostel on short contracts, knowing that he would become less faithful to the script as time went on. His exuberant personality, though largely responsible for his success, had also intimidated others in his profession and prevented him from receiving some important roles.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> In his autobiography <i>Kiss Me Like a Stranger</i>, actor <a href="/wiki/Gene_Wilder" title="Gene Wilder">Gene Wilder</a> describes being initially terrified of Mostel. However, just after being introduced, Mostel got up, walked over to Wilder, hugged him, and planted a big kiss on his lips. Wilder claims to be grateful to Mostel for teaching him such a valuable lesson, and for picking Wilder up every day so that they could ride to work together. He also tells the story of a dinner celebrating the release of <i><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(1967_film)" title="The Producers (1967 film)">The Producers</a></i>. Mostel switched Wilder's place card with <a href="/wiki/Dick_Shawn" title="Dick Shawn">Dick Shawn</a>'s, allowing Wilder to sit at the main table. Mostel and Wilder later worked together in <i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(play)" title="Rhinoceros (play)">Rhinoceros</a></i> and the Letterman cartoons for the children's show <i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Company" title="The Electric Company">The Electric Company</a></i>. The two remained close friends until Mostel's death.<sup class="noprint Inline-Template Template-Fact" style="white-space:nowrap;">[<i><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citation_needed" title="Wikipedia:Citation needed"><span title="This claim needs references to reliable sources. (June 2016)">citation needed</span></a></i>]</sup> </p><p>Mostel was the subject of the 2006 retrospective play <i><a href="/wiki/Zero_Hour_(play)" title="Zero Hour (play)">Zero Hour</a></i>, written and performed by actor/playwright <a href="/wiki/Jim_Brochu" title="Jim Brochu">Jim Brochu</a>. The play recounts events from Mostel's life and career, including his HUAC testimony, his professional relationships, and his theatrical work. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Acting_credits">Acting credits</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Acting credits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Filmography">Filmography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: Filmography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1943</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Du_Barry_Was_a_Lady_(film)" title="Du Barry Was a Lady (film)">Du Barry Was a Lady</a></i></td> <td>Rami, the Swami/Taliostra</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1950</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Panic_in_the_Streets_(1950)" class="mw-redirect" title="Panic in the Streets (1950)">Panic in the Streets</a></i></td> <td>Raymond Fitch</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="5">1951</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Enforcer_(1951_film)" title="The Enforcer (1951 film)">The Enforcer</a></i></td> <td>Big Babe Lazick</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Sirocco_(film)" title="Sirocco (film)">Sirocco</a></i></td> <td>Balukjiaan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mr._Belvedere_Rings_the_Bell" title="Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell">Mr. Belvedere Rings the Bell</a></i></td> <td>Emmett</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Guy_Who_Came_Back" title="The Guy Who Came Back">The Guy Who Came Back</a></i></td> <td>Boots Mullins</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Model_and_the_Marriage_Broker" title="The Model and the Marriage Broker">The Model and the Marriage Broker</a></i></td> <td>George Wixted</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1966</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum_(film)" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum (film)">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></i></td> <td>Pseudolus</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1967</td> <td><i>Children of the Exodus</i></td> <td>Narrator</td> <td>short film </td></tr> <tr> <td><i> Monsieur Lecoq</i></td> <td>Max Lecoq </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(1967_film)" title="The Producers (1967 film)">The Producers</a></i></td> <td>Max Bialystock</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1968</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Great_Catherine_(film)" title="Great Catherine (film)">Great Catherine</a></i></td> <td>Potemkin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Great_Bank_Robbery_(1969_film)" class="mw-redirect" title="The Great Bank Robbery (1969 film)">The Great Bank Robbery</a></i></td> <td>Rev. Pious Blue</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Angel_Levine" title="The Angel Levine">The Angel Levine</a></i></td> <td>Morris Mishkin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Hot_Rock_(film)" title="The Hot Rock (film)">The Hot Rock</a></i></td> <td>Abe Greenberg</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1973</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Marco_(1973_film)" title="Marco (1973 film)">Marco</a></i></td> <td>Kublai Khan</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1974</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(film)" title="Rhinoceros (film)">Rhinoceros</a></i></td> <td>John</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Once_Upon_a_Scoundrel" title="Once Upon a Scoundrel">Once Upon a Scoundrel</a></i></td> <td>Carlos del Refugio</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2">1975</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Fore_Play" title="Fore Play">Fore Play</a></i></td> <td>President/Don Pasquale</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Journey_into_Fear_(1975_film)" title="Journey into Fear (1975 film)">Journey into Fear</a></i></td> <td>Kopelkin</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="3">1976</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Mastermind_(1976_film)" title="Mastermind (1976 film)">Mastermind</a></i></td> <td>Inspector Hoku Ichihara</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Front" title="The Front">The Front</a></i></td> <td>Hecky Brown</td> <td> </td></tr> <tr> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Hollywood_on_Trial" title="Hollywood on Trial">Hollywood on Trial</a></i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Documentary </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Watership_Down_(film)" title="Watership Down (film)">Watership Down</a></i></td> <td>Kehaar (voice)</td> <td>Final film role; <br /> released posthumously </td></tr> <tr> <td>1979</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Best_Boy_(film)" title="Best Boy (film)">Best Boy</a></i></td> <td>Himself</td> <td>Documentary </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Television">Television</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: Television"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Notes </th></tr> <tr> <td>1948</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Off_the_Record_(TV_series)" title="Off the Record (TV series)">Off the Record</a></i></td> <td>Performer</td> <td>2 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1949</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ford_Theatre" title="Ford Theatre">Ford Theatre</a></i></td> <td>Banjo</td> <td>Episode: The Man Who Came to Dinner </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><i>Zero Mostel</i></td> <td>Various Characters</td> <td>Television Movie </td></tr> <tr> <td>1959</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Play_of_the_Week" title="The Play of the Week">The Play of the Week</a></i></td> <td>Melamed</td> <td><i>The World of Sholom Aleichem</i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Play_of_the_Week" title="The Play of the Week">The Play of the Week</a></i></td> <td>Estragon</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Waiting_for_Godot" title="Waiting for Godot">Waiting for Godot</a></i> </td></tr> <tr> <td>1970</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rowan_%26_Martin%27s_Laugh-In" title="Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In">Rowan & Martin's Laugh-In</a></i></td> <td>Guest Performer</td> <td>2 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Flip_Wilson_Show" title="The Flip Wilson Show">The Flip Wilson Show</a></i></td> <td>Guest Performer</td> <td>1 episode </td></tr> <tr> <td>1972-1977</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Electric_Company" title="The Electric Company">The Electric Company</a></i></td> <td>Spell Binder (voice)</td> <td>650 episodes </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Little_Drummer_Boy,_Book_II" class="mw-redirect" title="The Little Drummer Boy, Book II">The Little Drummer Boy, Book II</a></i></td> <td>Brutus (voice)</td> <td>Television Special </td></tr> <tr> <td>1977</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Muppet_Show" title="The Muppet Show">The Muppet Show</a></i></td> <td>Himself – Guest Star</td> <td>Season 2 Episode 2 <br /> aired posthumously released<sup id="cite_ref-muppet_34-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-muppet-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Stage">Stage</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Stage"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable sortable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Title </th> <th>Role </th> <th class="unsortable">Venue </th></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Cafe_Crown" title="Cafe Crown">Cafe Crown</a></i></td> <td>Patron</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Cort_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Cort Theatre">Cort Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i>Keep 'em Laughing</i></td> <td>Performer</td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/44th_Street_Theatre" title="44th Street Theatre">44th Street Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1942</td> <td><i>Top-Notchers</i></td> <td>Performer </td></tr> <tr> <td>1945</td> <td><i>Concert Varieties</i></td> <td>Performer</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Ziegfeld_Theatre_(1927)" title="Ziegfeld Theatre (1927)">Ziegfeld Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1946</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Beggar%27s_Holiday" title="Beggar's Holiday">Beggar's Holiday</a></i></td> <td>Hamilton Peachum</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadway_Theatre_(53rd_Street)" title="Broadway Theatre (53rd Street)">Broadway Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1952</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Flight_into_Egypt" title="Flight into Egypt">Flight into Egypt</a></i></td> <td>Glubb</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Music_Box_Theatre" title="Music Box Theatre">Music Box Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1954</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Lunatics_and_Lovers" title="Lunatics and Lovers">Lunatics and Lovers</a></i></td> <td>Dan Cupid <br /> (replaced <a href="/wiki/Buddy_Hackett" title="Buddy Hackett">Buddy Hackett</a>)</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Broadhurst_Theatre" title="Broadhurst Theatre">Broadhurst Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1956</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Good_Person_of_Szechwan" title="The Good Person of Szechwan">The Good Women of Szechwan</a></i></td> <td>Mr. Shu Fu</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Phoenix_Theatre_(New_York_City)" title="Phoenix Theatre (New York City)">Phoenix Theatre</a>, Off-Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1957</td> <td><i>Good as Gold</i></td> <td>Doc Penny</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Belasco_Theatre" title="Belasco Theatre">Belasco Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1958</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_in_Nighttown" title="Ulysses in Nighttown">Ulysses in Nighttown</a></i></td> <td>Leopold Bloom</td> <td>Rooftop Theatre, Off-Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1960</td> <td><i>The Good Soup</i></td> <td>The Croupier</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Gerald_Schoenfeld_Theatre" title="Gerald Schoenfeld Theatre">Plymouth Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1961</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(play)" title="Rhinoceros (play)">Rhinoceros</a></i></td> <td>John</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Longacre_Theatre" title="Longacre Theatre">Longacre Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1962</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></i></td> <td>Prologus/Pseudolus</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Alvin_Theatre" class="mw-redirect" title="Alvin Theatre">Alvin Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1964</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i></td> <td>Tevye</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Imperial_Theatre" title="Imperial Theatre">Imperial Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1971</td> <td><i>Fiddler on the Roof</i></td> <td>Tevye</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Majestic_Theatre_(Broadway)" title="Majestic Theatre (Broadway)">Majestic Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1974</td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_in_Nighttown" title="Ulysses in Nighttown">Ulysses in Nighttown</a></i></td> <td>Leopold Bloom</td> <td>Rooftop Theatre, Off-Broadway </td></tr> <tr> <td>1976</td> <td><i>Fiddler on the Roof</i></td> <td>Tevye</td> <td><a href="/wiki/Winter_Garden_Theatre" title="Winter Garden Theatre">Winter Garden Theatre</a>, Broadway </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Zero Mostel Reads A Book</i> Photographs by <a href="/wiki/Robert_Frank" title="Robert Frank">Robert Frank</a> (New York Times, 1963)</li> <li><i>Zero Mostel's Book of Villains</i> [with <a href="/wiki/Israel_Shenker" title="Israel Shenker">Israel Shenker</a>, photographs by Alex Gotfryd] (Doubleday, 1976)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Awards_and_nominations">Awards and nominations</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Awards and nominations"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <table class="wikitable"> <tbody><tr> <th>Year </th> <th>Award </th> <th>Category </th> <th>Work </th> <th>Result </th></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/15th_Tony_Awards" title="15th Tony Awards">1961</a> </td> <td rowspan="3"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play">Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/Rhinoceros_(play)" title="Rhinoceros (play)">Rhinoceros</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/17th_Tony_Awards" title="17th Tony Awards">1963</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical">Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Musical</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/A_Funny_Thing_Happened_on_the_Way_to_the_Forum" title="A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum">A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/19th_Tony_Awards" title="19th Tony Awards">1965</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Fiddler_on_the_Roof" title="Fiddler on the Roof">Fiddler on the Roof</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Outer_Critics_Circle_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Outer Critics Circle Award">Outer Critics Circle Award</a> </td> <td>Outstanding Actor in a Musical </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1967 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Laurel_Awards" title="Laurel Awards">Laurel Awards</a> </td> <td colspan="2">Male New Face </td> <td style="background:#CDE; color:black; vertical-align:middle; text-align:center;" class="table-draw">7th place </td></tr> <tr> <td>1969 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award">Golden Globe Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Golden_Globe_Award_for_Best_Actor_%E2%80%93_Motion_Picture_Musical_or_Comedy" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy">Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Producers_(1967_film)" title="The Producers (1967 film)">The Producers</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td rowspan="2"><a href="/wiki/28th_Tony_Awards" title="28th Tony Awards">1974</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award" class="mw-redirect" title="Tony Award">Tony Award</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play">Best Performance by a Leading Actor in a Play</a> </td> <td rowspan="2"><i><a href="/wiki/Ulysses_in_Nighttown" title="Ulysses in Nighttown">Ulysses in Nighttown</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr> <tr> <td><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award" title="Drama Desk Award">Drama Desk Award</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/Drama_Desk_Award_for_Outstanding_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actor in a Play">Outstanding Actor in a Play</a> </td> <td style="background: #9EFF9E; color: #000; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="yes table-yes2 notheme">Won </td></tr> <tr> <td>1978 </td> <td><a href="/wiki/British_Academy_Film_Awards" title="British Academy Film Awards">British Academy Film Awards</a> </td> <td><a href="/wiki/BAFTA_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Supporting_Role" title="BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role">Best Actor in a Supporting Role</a> </td> <td><i><a href="/wiki/The_Front" title="The Front">The Front</a></i> </td> <td style="background: #FFE3E3; color: black; vertical-align: middle; text-align: center;" class="no table-no2 notheme">Nominated </td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFHeller" class="citation web cs1">Heller, Brad. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130208133510/http://www.thehellerapproach.com/non-method-acting-approach/">"Approach"</a>. The Heller Approach. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.thehellerapproach.com/non-method-acting-approach/">the original</a> on February 8, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Approach&rft.pub=The+Heller+Approach&rft.aulast=Heller&rft.aufirst=Brad&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.thehellerapproach.com%2Fnon-method-acting-approach%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrennan" class="citation web cs1">Brennan, Sandra. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130116213927/http://movies.amctv.com/person/150707/Don-Richardson/details">"Don Richardson"</a>. amctv.com. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://movies.amctv.com/person/150707/Don-Richardson/details">the original</a> on January 16, 2013<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Don+Richardson&rft.pub=amctv.com&rft.aulast=Brennan&rft.aufirst=Sandra&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmovies.amctv.com%2Fperson%2F150707%2FDon-Richardson%2Fdetails&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSchlosberg_III" class="citation news cs1">Schlosberg III, Richard. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1996-01-19-me-26523-story.html">"Don Richardson; Director, Acting Teacher"</a>. <i>Los Angeles Times</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 9,</span> 2012</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Los+Angeles+Times&rft.atitle=Don+Richardson%3B+Director%2C+Acting+Teacher&rft.aulast=Schlosberg+III&rft.aufirst=Richard&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.latimes.com%2Farchives%2Fla-xpm-1996-01-19-me-26523-story.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1979/11/19/archives/theater-hall-of-fame-enshrines-51-artists-great-things-and-blank.html">"Theater Hall of Fame Enshrines 51 Artists"</a>. <i>The New York Times</i>. November 19, 1979<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">February 6,</span> 2019</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Theater+Hall+of+Fame+Enshrines+51+Artists&rft.date=1979-11-19&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1979%2F11%2F19%2Farchives%2Ftheater-hall-of-fame-enshrines-51-artists-great-things-and-blank.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-imm-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-imm_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-imm_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820–1957</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936–2007</i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/1920_United_States_census" title="1920 United States census">1920 United States census</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930 United States census</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/1910_United_States_census" title="1910 United States census">1910 United States census</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i><a href="/wiki/1930_United_States_census" title="1930 United States census">1930 United States census</a></i></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMostel1967" class="citation news cs1">Mostel, Zero (September 24, 1967). <span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/233423880/?match=1&terms=zero%20mostel%20samuel%20joel">"My Favorite Jokes"</a></span>. <i>Daily Press</i>. p. 111<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Daily+Press&rft.atitle=My+Favorite+Jokes&rft.pages=111&rft.date=1967-09-24&rft.aulast=Mostel&rft.aufirst=Zero&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F233423880%2F%3Fmatch%3D1%26terms%3Dzero%2520mostel%2520samuel%2520joel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation news cs1"><span class="id-lock-subscription" title="Paid subscription required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/image/148621986/?match=1&terms=zero%20mostel%20nickname%20samuel">"That Zero – He's the Most"</a></span>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_Pittsburgh_Press" title="The Pittsburgh Press">The Pittsburgh Press</a></i>. April 26, 1967. p. 86<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">June 30,</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Pittsburgh+Press&rft.atitle=That+Zero+%E2%80%93+He%27s+the+Most&rft.pages=86&rft.date=1967-04-26&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newspapers.com%2Fimage%2F148621986%2F%3Fmatch%3D1%26terms%3Dzero%2520mostel%2520nickname%2520samuel&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-life1943-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-life1943_13-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-life1943_13-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButterfield1943" class="citation magazine cs1">Butterfield, Roger (January 18, 1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mE4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61">"Zero Mostel"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Life_(magazine)" title="Life (magazine)">LIFE</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Henry_Luce" title="Henry Luce">Henry Luce</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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McFadden">McFadden, Robert D.</a> (September 9, 1977). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/1977/09/09/archives/zero-mostel-dies-of-heart-failure-at-62-zero-mostel-is-dead-at-62.html">"Zero Mostel Dies of Heart Failure at 62"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a></i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 14,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Zero+Mostel+Dies+of+Heart+Failure+at+62&rft.date=1977-09-09&rft.aulast=McFadden&rft.aufirst=Robert+D.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1977%2F09%2F09%2Farchives%2Fzero-mostel-dies-of-heart-failure-at-62-zero-mostel-is-dead-at-62.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, p. 12</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-16">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, p. 50</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-17">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFButterfield1943" class="citation magazine cs1">Butterfield, Roger (January 18, 1943). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=mE4EAAAAMBAJ&pg=PA61">"Zero Mostel"</a>. <i>Life</i>. p. 61<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 17,</span> 2017</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Kate+Mostel+Dies+at+67%3B+An+Actress+and+author&rft.date=1986-01-23&rft.issn=0362-4331&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F1986%2F01%2F23%2Fobituaries%2Fkate-mostel-dies-at-67-an-actress-and-author.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sainer-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sainer_20-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sainer_20-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Sainer, Arthur. <i>Zero Dances: a Biography of Zero Mostel</i>, Hal Leonard Corp. (1998)</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, pp. 35–36</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, pp. 41–44</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brown, p. 38</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kazan, Elia. <i>Elia Kazan: A Life</i>, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc. 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Lanham, Maryland: <a href="/wiki/Lexington_Books" class="mw-redirect" title="Lexington Books">Lexington Books</a>. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-9560-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7391-9560-4"><bdi>978-0-7391-9560-4</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Progressive+Lawyers+under+Siege%3A+Moral+Panic+during+the+McCarthy+Years&rft.place=Lanham%2C+Maryland&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Lexington+Books&rft.date=2015-04-23&rft.isbn=978-0-7391-9560-4&rft.aulast=Wark&rft.aufirst=Colin&rft.au=Galliher%2C+John+F.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DQ5zlCAAAQBAJ%26pg%3DPA16&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.filmlinc.org/films/waiting-for-godot-play-of-the-week/">"Waiting For Godot (Play of the Week)"</a>. <i>Film at Lincoln Center</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.tcm.com/this-month/article/92476%7C0/The-Front.htm">the original</a> on January 17, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">May 21,</span> 2018</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Turner+Classic+Movies&rft.atitle=The+Front&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.tcm.com%2Fthis-month%2Farticle%2F92476%257C0%2FThe-Front.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-muppet-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-muppet_34-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-muppet_34-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGarlenGraham2009" class="citation book cs1">Garlen, Jennifer C.; Graham, Anissa M. (2009). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rac9xis0BIgC"><i>Kermit Culture: Critical Perspectives on Jim Henson's Muppets</i></a>. McFarland & Company. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Rac9xis0BIgC&pg=PA218">218</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4259-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-7864-4259-1"><bdi>978-0-7864-4259-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kermit+Culture%3A+Critical+Perspectives+on+Jim+Henson%27s+Muppets&rft.pages=218&rft.pub=McFarland+%26+Company&rft.date=2009&rft.isbn=978-0-7864-4259-1&rft.aulast=Garlen&rft.aufirst=Jennifer+C.&rft.au=Graham%2C+Anissa+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DRac9xis0BIgC&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Weil, Martin. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/local/1977/09%2F10/acotr-zero-mostel-dies/97f111fa-573b-480e-8724-02e056f5cf0a/">"Actor Zero Mostel Dies"</a> <i>The Washington Post</i>, September 10, 1977</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Kaufman, David. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://partners.nytimes.com/books/99/08/29/bib/990829.rv020304.html">"Review. <i>The Birth Of Shylock And The Death Of Zero Mostel</i> by Arnold Wesker"</a> <i>The New York Times</i>, August 29, 1999</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.newspapers.com/newspage/48895399/">"Mostel cremated at secret site"</a> <i>The Ottawa Journal</i>, p. 5, September 10, 1977</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120601141516/http://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/mostel_z.html">"PBS.org"</a>. PBS. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pbs.org/wnet/broadway/stars/mostel_z.html">the original</a> on June 1, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">October 16,</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=PBS.org&rft.pub=PBS&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.pbs.org%2Fwnet%2Fbroadway%2Fstars%2Fmostel_z.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><i>Zero Mostel: a Biography</i> (1989), Jared Brown, Atheneum, NY (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-689-11955-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-689-11955-0">0-689-11955-0</a>)</li> <li>Isenberg, Barbara (2014). <i>Tradition!: The Highly Improbable, Ultimately Triumphant Broadway-to-Hollywood Story of Fiddler on the Roof, the World's Most Beloved Musical</i>. New York: St. Martin's Press. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-312-59142-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-312-59142-7">978-0-312-59142-7</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_Mostel&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-imageright{padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .side-box-flex{display:flex;align-items:center}.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{flex:1;min-width:0}}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .side-box{width:238px}.mw-parser-output .side-box-right{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:1em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-left{margin-right:1em}}</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1237033735">@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox{display:none!important}}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sistersitebox img[src*="Wiktionary-logo-en-v2.svg"]{background-color:white}}</style><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/34px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="34" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/51px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Wikiquote-logo.svg/68px-Wikiquote-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="300" data-file-height="355" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikiquote has quotations related to <i><b><a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Zero_Mostel" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Zero Mostel">Zero Mostel</a></b></i>.</div></div> </div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1235681985"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1237033735"><div class="side-box side-box-right plainlinks sistersitebox"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"> <div class="side-box-flex"> <div class="side-box-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/30px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/45px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/59px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></span></span></div> <div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Zero_Mostel" class="extiw" title="commons:Category:Zero Mostel">Zero Mostel</a></span>.</div></div> </div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1259569809">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{clear:left;float:left;margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/28px-P_vip.svg.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/41px-P_vip.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/6/69/P_vip.svg/55px-P_vip.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1911" data-file-height="1944" /></span></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Biography" title="Portal:Biography">Biography portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.imdb.com/name/nm0609216/">Zero Mostel</a> at <a href="/wiki/IMDb_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="IMDb (identifier)">IMDb</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.ibdb.com/broadway-cast-staff/68385">Zero Mostel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Broadway_Database" title="Internet Broadway Database">Internet Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.iobdb.com/CreditableEntity/31937">Zero Mostel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Internet_Off-Broadway_Database" title="Internet Off-Broadway Database">Internet Off-Broadway Database</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.playbill.com/person/zero-mostel-vault-0000031762">Zero Mostel</a> at <a href="/wiki/Playbill#Other_media" title="Playbill"><i>Playbill</i> Vault</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021211231202/http://geocities.com/Broadway/Lobby/4320/zbio.html">Zero Mostel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Wisconsin">University of Wisconsin</a>'s <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140502211533/http://digicoll.library.wisc.edu/cgi/f/findaid/findaid-idx?c=wiarchives%3Bview%3Dreslist%3Bsubview%3Dstandard%3Bdidno%3Duw-whs-tape00339a">Actors Studio audio collection</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/person/136549%7C159177/wp">Zero Mostel</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Turner_Classic_Movies" title="Turner Classic Movies">TCM Movie Database</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191952#P3056" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20021211231202/http://geocities.com/Broadway/Lobby/4320/zbio.html">"Zero Mostel"</a>. Archived from the original on December 11, 2002<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 18,</span> 2006</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Zero+Mostel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgeocities.com%2FBroadway%2FLobby%2F4320%2Fzbio.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Cite_web" title="Template:Cite web">cite web</a>}}</code>: CS1 maint: unfit URL (<a href="/wiki/Category:CS1_maint:_unfit_URL" title="Category:CS1 maint: unfit URL">link</a>)</span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation magazine cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114070322/https://classic.esquire.com/article/1962/2/1/zero">"Zero Mostel interview"</a>. <i><a href="/wiki/Esquire_(magazine)" title="Esquire (magazine)">Esquire</a></i>. February 1, 1962. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://classic.esquire.com/article/1962/2/1/zero">the original</a> on November 14, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Esquire&rft.atitle=Zero+Mostel+interview&rft.date=1962-02-01&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fclassic.esquire.com%2Farticle%2F1962%2F2%2F1%2Fzero&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AZero+Mostel" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040603205640/http://www.playbill.com/news/article/84588.html">Playbill article including a Mostel Who's Who entry</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/stream/investigationofc558unit/investigationofc558unit_djvu.txt">Mostel Testimony to the House Un-American Activities Committee</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output 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.mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Awards_for_Zero_Mostel" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background:#e8e8ff;"><div id="Awards_for_Zero_Mostel" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Awards for Zero Mostel</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0;font-size:114%"><div style="padding:0px"> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Leading_Actor_in_a_Musical" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini 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href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_MusicalLeadActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward MusicalLeadActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Leading_Actor_in_a_Musical" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Musical" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Musical">Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Musical</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1948–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Hartman" title="Paul Hartman">Paul Hartman</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Bolger" title="Ray Bolger">Ray Bolger</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ezio_Pinza" title="Ezio Pinza">Ezio Pinza</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Alda" title="Robert Alda">Robert Alda</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Mitchell_(actor)" title="Thomas Mitchell (actor)">Thomas Mitchell</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Drake" title="Alfred Drake">Alfred Drake</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Slezak" title="Walter Slezak">Walter Slezak</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ray_Walston" title="Ray Walston">Ray Walston</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Preston_(actor)" title="Robert Preston (actor)">Robert Preston</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jackie_Gleason" title="Jackie Gleason">Jackie Gleason</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Burton" title="Richard Burton">Richard Burton</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morse" title="Robert Morse">Robert Morse</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zero Mostel</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bert_Lahr" title="Bert Lahr">Bert Lahr</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zero Mostel</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Kiley" title="Richard Kiley">Richard Kiley</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Preston_(actor)" title="Robert Preston (actor)">Robert Preston</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Goulet" title="Robert Goulet">Robert Goulet</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jerry_Orbach" title="Jerry Orbach">Jerry Orbach</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cleavon_Little" title="Cleavon Little">Cleavon Little</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Linden" title="Hal Linden">Hal Linden</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Phil_Silvers" title="Phil Silvers">Phil Silvers</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Vereen" title="Ben Vereen">Ben Vereen</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cullum" title="John Cullum">John Cullum</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rose_(actor)" title="George Rose (actor)">George Rose</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barry_Bostwick" title="Barry Bostwick">Barry Bostwick</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Cullum" title="John Cullum">John Cullum</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Len_Cariou" title="Len Cariou">Len Cariou</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jim_Dale" title="Jim Dale">Jim Dale</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Harney_(actor)" title="Ben Harney (actor)">Ben Harney</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tommy_Tune" title="Tommy Tune">Tommy Tune</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Hearn" title="George Hearn">George Hearn</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap">No Award (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Rose_(actor)" title="George Rose (actor)">George Rose</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Lindsay_(actor)" title="Robert Lindsay (actor)">Robert Lindsay</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Crawford" title="Michael Crawford">Michael Crawford</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Alexander" title="Jason Alexander">Jason Alexander</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Naughton" title="James Naughton">James Naughton</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Pryce" title="Jonathan Pryce">Jonathan Pryce</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Gregory_Hines" title="Gregory Hines">Gregory Hines</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brent_Carver" title="Brent Carver">Brent Carver</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Boyd_Gaines" title="Boyd Gaines">Boyd Gaines</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Broderick" title="Matthew Broderick">Matthew Broderick</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Naughton" title="James Naughton">James Naughton</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Cumming" title="Alan Cumming">Alan Cumming</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Short" title="Martin Short">Martin Short</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Stokes_Mitchell" title="Brian Stokes Mitchell">Brian Stokes Mitchell</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nathan_Lane" title="Nathan Lane">Nathan Lane</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lithgow" title="John Lithgow">John Lithgow</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fierstein" title="Harvey Fierstein">Harvey Fierstein</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hugh_Jackman" title="Hugh Jackman">Hugh Jackman</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Leo_Butz" title="Norbert Leo Butz">Norbert Leo Butz</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Lloyd_Young" title="John Lloyd Young">John Lloyd Young</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Hyde_Pierce" title="David Hyde Pierce">David Hyde Pierce</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paulo_Szot" title="Paulo Szot">Paulo Szot</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Alvarez_(actor)" title="David Alvarez (actor)">David Alvarez</a>, <a href="/wiki/Trent_Kowalik" title="Trent Kowalik">Trent Kowalik</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Kiril_Kulish" title="Kiril Kulish">Kiril Kulish</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Hodge" title="Douglas Hodge">Douglas Hodge</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Norbert_Leo_Butz" title="Norbert Leo Butz">Norbert Leo Butz</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Steve_Kazee" title="Steve Kazee">Steve Kazee</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Billy_Porter_(actor)" class="mw-redirect" title="Billy Porter (actor)">Billy Porter</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Neil_Patrick_Harris" title="Neil Patrick Harris">Neil Patrick Harris</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Cerveris" title="Michael Cerveris">Michael Cerveris</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Leslie_Odom_Jr." title="Leslie Odom Jr.">Leslie Odom Jr.</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ben_Platt" title="Ben Platt">Ben Platt</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Shalhoub" title="Tony Shalhoub">Tony Shalhoub</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Santino_Fontana" title="Santino Fontana">Santino Fontana</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Aaron_Tveit" title="Aaron Tveit">Aaron Tveit</a> (2020/21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Myles_Frost" title="Myles Frost">Myles Frost</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/J._Harrison_Ghee" title="J. Harrison Ghee">J. Harrison Ghee</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jonathan_Groff" title="Jonathan Groff">Jonathan Groff</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Tony_Award_for_Best_Leading_Actor_in_a_Play" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="background: #C0C0C0;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:TonyAward_PlayLeadActor" title="Template:TonyAward PlayLeadActor"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:TonyAward_PlayLeadActor" title="Template talk:TonyAward PlayLeadActor"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward_PlayLeadActor" title="Special:EditPage/Template:TonyAward PlayLeadActor"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Tony_Award_for_Best_Leading_Actor_in_a_Play" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Tony_Award_for_Best_Actor_in_a_Play" title="Tony Award for Best Actor in a Play">Tony Award for Best Leading Actor in a Play</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1947–1975</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1947)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Henry_Fonda" title="Henry Fonda">Henry Fonda</a> / <a href="/wiki/Paul_Kelly_(actor)" title="Paul Kelly (actor)">Paul Kelly</a> / <a href="/wiki/Basil_Rathbone" title="Basil Rathbone">Basil Rathbone</a> (1948)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Rex_Harrison" title="Rex Harrison">Rex Harrison</a> (1949)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sidney_Blackmer" title="Sidney Blackmer">Sidney Blackmer</a> (1950)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Claude_Rains" title="Claude Rains">Claude Rains</a> (1951)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jos%C3%A9_Ferrer" title="José Ferrer">José Ferrer</a> (1952)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Ewell" title="Tom Ewell">Tom Ewell</a> (1953)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/David_Wayne" title="David Wayne">David Wayne</a> (1954)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alfred_Lunt" title="Alfred Lunt">Alfred Lunt</a> (1955)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Muni" title="Paul Muni">Paul Muni</a> (1956)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fredric_March" title="Fredric March">Fredric March</a> (1957)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Bellamy" title="Ralph Bellamy">Ralph Bellamy</a> (1958)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jason_Robards" title="Jason Robards">Jason Robards Jr.</a> (1959)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Melvyn_Douglas" title="Melvyn Douglas">Melvyn Douglas</a> (1960)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Zero Mostel</a> (1961)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Scofield" title="Paul Scofield">Paul Scofield</a> (1962)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Arthur_Hill_(Canadian_actor)" title="Arthur Hill (Canadian actor)">Arthur Hill</a> (1963)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alec_Guinness" title="Alec Guinness">Alec Guinness</a> (1964)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Walter_Matthau" title="Walter Matthau">Walter Matthau</a> (1965)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Hal_Holbrook" title="Hal Holbrook">Hal Holbrook</a> (1966)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Paul_Rogers_(actor)" title="Paul Rogers (actor)">Paul Rogers</a> (1967)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Martin_Balsam" title="Martin Balsam">Martin Balsam</a> (1968)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (1969)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Fritz_Weaver" title="Fritz Weaver">Fritz Weaver</a> (1970)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Bedford" title="Brian Bedford">Brian Bedford</a> (1971)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Cliff_Gorman" title="Cliff Gorman">Cliff Gorman</a> (1972)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> (1973)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Michael_Moriarty" title="Michael Moriarty">Michael Moriarty</a> (1974)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Kani" title="John Kani">John Kani</a> and <a href="/wiki/Winston_Ntshona" title="Winston Ntshona">Winston Ntshona</a> (1975)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">1976–2000</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Wood_(English_actor)" title="John Wood (English actor)">John Wood</a> (1976)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Al_Pacino" title="Al Pacino">Al Pacino</a> (1977)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Barnard_Hughes" title="Barnard Hughes">Barnard Hughes</a> (1978)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tom_Conti" title="Tom Conti">Tom Conti</a> (1979)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/John_Rubinstein" title="John Rubinstein">John Rubinstein</a> (1980)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ian_McKellen" title="Ian McKellen">Ian McKellen</a> (1981)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Roger_Rees" title="Roger Rees">Roger Rees</a> (1982)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Harvey_Fierstein" title="Harvey Fierstein">Harvey Fierstein</a> (1983)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Irons" title="Jeremy Irons">Jeremy Irons</a> (1984)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Derek_Jacobi" title="Derek Jacobi">Derek Jacobi</a> (1985)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judd_Hirsch" title="Judd Hirsch">Judd Hirsch</a> (1986)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Earl_Jones" title="James Earl Jones">James Earl Jones</a> (1987)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Silver" title="Ron Silver">Ron Silver</a> (1988)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Philip_Bosco" title="Philip Bosco">Philip Bosco</a> (1989)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Robert_Morse" title="Robert Morse">Robert Morse</a> (1990)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Nigel_Hawthorne" title="Nigel Hawthorne">Nigel Hawthorne</a> (1991)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Judd_Hirsch" title="Judd Hirsch">Judd Hirsch</a> (1992)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ron_Leibman" title="Ron Leibman">Ron Leibman</a> (1993)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Spinella" title="Stephen Spinella">Stephen Spinella</a> (1994)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Ralph_Fiennes" title="Ralph Fiennes">Ralph Fiennes</a> (1995)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/George_Grizzard" title="George Grizzard">George Grizzard</a> (1996)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Plummer" title="Christopher Plummer">Christopher Plummer</a> (1997)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Anthony_LaPaglia" title="Anthony LaPaglia">Anthony LaPaglia</a> (1998)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a> (1999)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Dillane" title="Stephen Dillane">Stephen Dillane</a> (2000)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="background: #C0C0C0;;width:1%">2001–present</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Easton" title="Richard Easton">Richard Easton</a> (2001)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alan_Bates" title="Alan Bates">Alan Bates</a> (2002)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Brian_Dennehy" title="Brian Dennehy">Brian Dennehy</a> (2003)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jefferson_Mays" title="Jefferson Mays">Jefferson Mays</a> (2004)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bill_Irwin" title="Bill Irwin">Bill Irwin</a> (2005)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Richard_Griffiths" title="Richard Griffiths">Richard Griffiths</a> (2006)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Langella" title="Frank Langella">Frank Langella</a> (2007)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2008)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Geoffrey_Rush" title="Geoffrey Rush">Geoffrey Rush</a> (2009)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Denzel_Washington" title="Denzel Washington">Denzel Washington</a> (2010)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Mark_Rylance" title="Mark Rylance">Mark Rylance</a> (2011)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/James_Corden" title="James Corden">James Corden</a> (2012)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Tracy_Letts" title="Tracy Letts">Tracy Letts</a> (2013)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Cranston" title="Bryan Cranston">Bryan Cranston</a> (2014)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Alex_Sharp" title="Alex Sharp">Alex Sharp</a> (2015)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Frank_Langella" title="Frank Langella">Frank Langella</a> (2016)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Kevin_Kline" title="Kevin Kline">Kevin Kline</a> (2017)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Garfield" title="Andrew Garfield">Andrew Garfield</a> (2018)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Bryan_Cranston" title="Bryan Cranston">Bryan Cranston</a> (2019)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Burnap" title="Andrew Burnap">Andrew Burnap</a> (2020/21)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Simon_Russell_Beale" title="Simon Russell Beale">Simon Russell Beale</a> (2022)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Sean_Hayes" title="Sean Hayes">Sean Hayes</a> (2023)</span></li> <li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_Strong" title="Jeremy Strong">Jeremy Strong</a> (2024)</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191952#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191952#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191952#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://isni.org/isni/0000000073578947">ISNI</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/59295326">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.worldcat.org/fast/2238/">FAST</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJpPyWCJTBtq99mtMFy8G3">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118907964">Germany</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.loc.gov/authorities/n50007983">United States</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb142090874">France</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb142090874">BnF data</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://nla.gov.au/anbd.aut-an35365586">Australia</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aleph.nkp.cz/F/?func=find-c&local_base=aut&ccl_term=ica=xx0189067&CON_LNG=ENG">Czech Republic</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://catalogo.bne.es/uhtbin/authoritybrowse.cgi?action=display&authority_id=XX1265485">Spain</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://data.bibliotheken.nl/id/thes/p071887636">Netherlands</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://authority.bibsys.no/authority/rest/authorities/html/3007453">Norway</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lod.nl.go.kr/resource/KAC2020R1401">Korea</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dbn.bn.org.pl/descriptor-details/9810534281105606">Poland</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007265646605171">Israel</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cantic.bnc.cat/registre/981058511881406706">Catalonia</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Academics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ci.nii.ac.jp/author/DA17635459?l=en">CiNii</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Artists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.getty.edu/vow/ULANFullDisplay?find=&role=&nation=&subjectid=500477831">ULAN</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://musicbrainz.org/artist/c8e1943d-37cd-4fc5-819d-f8a31fd5dc3e">MusicBrainz</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://trove.nla.gov.au/people/926969">Trove</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.deutsche-biographie.de/pnd118907964.html?language=en">Deutsche Biographie</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.synchronkartei.de/person/DT5-nFOBb">Deutsche Synchronkartei</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.idref.fr/090077539">IdRef</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://snaccooperative.org/ark:/99166/w6gj0vwp">SNAC</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" 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