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href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/join-us-as-a-guest-post-writer/" tabindex="0">Guest Post Guidelines</a></li><li class="menu-item search"><a href="#" class="search-toggle"><i class="icon-search"></i></a></li></ul></div></div></nav><div style="padding-top:10px;text-align:center"> <div id='div-gpt-eg_largeleader'> <script> googletag.cmd.push(function() { googletag.display('div-gpt-eg_largeleader'); }); </script> </div> </div><div class="site-inner"><div class="wrap"><div class="content-sidebar-wrap"><main class="content"><article class="type-post entry" aria-label="Secure client server communication over TLS security protocol using Mosquitto Broker: IOT Part 42"><header class="entry-header"><h1 class="entry-title">Secure client server communication over TLS security protocol using Mosquitto Broker: IOT Part 42</h1> <p class="entry-meta">By <span class="entry-author"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/author/priya/" class="entry-author-link" rel="author"><span class="entry-author-name">Priya</span></a></span> <time class="entry-time">November 20, 2024</time> </p></header><div class="entry-content"><div class="addtoany_share_save_container addtoany_content addtoany_content_top"><div class="a2a_kit a2a_kit_size_16 addtoany_list" data-a2a-url="https://www.engineersgarage.com/secure-client-server-communication-over-tls-security-protocol-using-mosquitto-broker-iot-part-42/" data-a2a-title="Secure client server communication over TLS security protocol using Mosquitto Broker: IOT Part 42"><a class="a2a_button_facebook" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/facebook?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fsecure-client-server-communication-over-tls-security-protocol-using-mosquitto-broker-iot-part-42%2F&linkname=Secure%20client%20server%20communication%20over%20TLS%20security%20protocol%20using%20Mosquitto%20Broker%3A%20IOT%20Part%2042" title="Facebook" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_x" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/x?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fsecure-client-server-communication-over-tls-security-protocol-using-mosquitto-broker-iot-part-42%2F&linkname=Secure%20client%20server%20communication%20over%20TLS%20security%20protocol%20using%20Mosquitto%20Broker%3A%20IOT%20Part%2042" title="X" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_linkedin" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/linkedin?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fsecure-client-server-communication-over-tls-security-protocol-using-mosquitto-broker-iot-part-42%2F&linkname=Secure%20client%20server%20communication%20over%20TLS%20security%20protocol%20using%20Mosquitto%20Broker%3A%20IOT%20Part%2042" title="LinkedIn" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_reddit" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/reddit?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fsecure-client-server-communication-over-tls-security-protocol-using-mosquitto-broker-iot-part-42%2F&linkname=Secure%20client%20server%20communication%20over%20TLS%20security%20protocol%20using%20Mosquitto%20Broker%3A%20IOT%20Part%2042" title="Reddit" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_button_pinterest" href="https://www.addtoany.com/add_to/pinterest?linkurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engineersgarage.com%2Fsecure-client-server-communication-over-tls-security-protocol-using-mosquitto-broker-iot-part-42%2F&linkname=Secure%20client%20server%20communication%20over%20TLS%20security%20protocol%20using%20Mosquitto%20Broker%3A%20IOT%20Part%2042" title="Pinterest" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"></a><a class="a2a_dd addtoany_share_save addtoany_share" href="https://www.addtoany.com/share"></a></div></div><div style="text-align: justify;">Transport Layer Security (TLS) is a security protocol that uses symmetric cryptography to secure data. In this tutorial, Client-Server communication will be setup using TLS Protocol so that data can be securely exchanged between them. The Mosquitto broker is used to provide TLS security. The Mosquitto broker uses 8883 port as an encrypted transmission port to securely exchange the data between clients.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">To learn more about IoT standards and protocols, check out the following tutorial –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/Articles/IOT-Architecture-Standards-Protocols">IoT Standards and Protocols</a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Learn more about transport layer protocols from the following tutorial –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/Articles/Transport-Layer-Protocols">Transport Layer Protocols </a></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"> <div style="width: 598px" class="wp-caption aligncenter"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Image-Showing-Secure-Client-Server-Communication-Over-TLS-Protocol-Using-Mosquitto-Broker.jpg"><img decoding="async" title="Image showing Secure Client Server Communication over TLS protocol using Mosquitto Broker" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Image-Showing-Secure-Client-Server-Communication-Over-TLS-Protocol-Using-Mosquitto-Broker.jpg" alt="Image showing Secure Client Server Communication over TLS protocol using Mosquitto Broker" width="588" height="242" /></a><p class="wp-caption-text">Fig. 1: Image showing Secure Client Server Communication over TLS protocol using Mosquitto Broker</p></div> </div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Software Required –</strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">• Platform- Linux</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">• Mosquitto broker Installed</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">• MQTT-spy client or Linux Terminal.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>TLS Protocol – </strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The TLS protocol provides the following features –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">1) Encryption of Data – The data is encrypted end to end so that other than two parties who are exchanging the information, no one can understand the data.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">2) Integrity of Data – The encrypted data cannot be manipulated by anyone.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">3) Authentication – One party can send the data to other party only when it will have the authenticity to send the data to that party.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">In TLS security, Client or Broker uses public key to encrypt the messages, private key to decrypt the messages and certificate to sign the message. To enable TLS security, a client requires the following –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">1) CA (certificate authority) certified client certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">2) Client private key for decryption</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">3) CA certificate that has signed the server certificate.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">To enable TLS security, the server requires the following –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">1) CA certified server certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">2) Server private key for decryption</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">3) CA certificate that has signed the client certificate.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The openssl is used to create own certificate authority (CA), client keys, server keys and certificates. The openssl can be installed by the following commands –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Install Openssl" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Install-Openssl.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Install Openssl" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 2: Screenshot of Command to Install Openssl</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Next, create a folder (any name) in the home directory and move into that directory by terminal. Now follow the below steps to generate the keys and certificates.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">1) Create the CA public and private key pair by running the following command in the terminal –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Create CA Public and Private Key Pairs" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Create-CA-Public-Private-Key-Pairs.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Create CA Public and Private Key Pairs" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 3: Screenshot of Command to Create CA Public and Private Key Pairs</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">In the above command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">genrsa: Generates a RSA private key</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-des3: Let using DES3 cipher for the key generation (password)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">size_of_private_key_in_bits is 2048</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-out: specifies the file name for the key (.key)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">This command will generate a CA private key file. It will prompt for writing the user defined password. This password will be further used when the CA certificate will be signed with this private key.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">2) Create a CA certificate using the CA key by running the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Create CA Certificate" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Create-CA-Certificate.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Create CA Certificate" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 4: Screenshot of Command to Create CA Certificate</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">In the above command,</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">req: is Request for certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-new: generates new certificate and will prompt user for several input fields.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-x509: creates a self-signed certificate.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-days: specifies the number of days the certificate is valid.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-key: is key file with private key to be used for signing</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-out: specifies the file name for the certificate (.crt)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">3) Now create the server key pair by running the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Create Server Key Pair" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Create-Server-Key-Pair.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Create Server Key Pair" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 5: Screenshot of Command to Create Server Key Pair</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">opensslgenrsa -out mosquitto_server.keysize of private key in bits.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">It is not protected with password here. In the above command,</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">genrsa: generates a RSA private key</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-out: specifies the file name for the key (.key)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">size_of_private_key_in_bits is 2048</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">4) Now create a certificate request for server using the server private key by running the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Create a Certificate Request for Server" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Create-Certificate-Request-Server.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Create a Certificate Request for Server" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 6: Screenshot of Command to Create a Certificate Request for Server</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">In the above command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">req: is Request for certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-new: generates new certificate and will prompt user for several input fields.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-key: is key file with private key to be used for signing</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-out: specifies the file name for the certificate (.csr)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">5) Next, use the CA certificate to sign the broker certificate request by running the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Sign the Broker Certificate" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Sign-Broker-Certificate.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Sign the Broker Certificate" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 7: Screenshot of Command to Sign the Broker Certificate</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">In the above command,</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">x509: creates a self-signed certificate.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-req: is Request for certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-in: is input file for the certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-CA: specifies the file to be signed</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-CAkey: is CA private key to sign the certificate with</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-CAcreateserial: is the serial number file that gets created if it does not exist</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-out: specifies the file name for the certificate (.crt)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">-days: specifies the number of days the certificate is valid.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">6) For client, the same procedure is followed to generate the client private key, client certificate request and then sign the certificate request by CA certificate.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The client key pair is generated by the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Generate Client Key Pair" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Generate-Client-Key-Pair.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Generate Client Key Pair" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 8: Screenshot of Command to Generate Client Key Pair</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The Client certificate request is made by running the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">opensslreq -new -out mosquitto_client.csr -key mosquitto_client.key</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The CA certificate to sign the client certificate is generated by running the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Sign Client Certificate by CA Certificate" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Sign-Client-Certificate-CA-Certificate.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Sign Client Certificate by CA Certificate" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 9: Screenshot of Command to Sign Client Certificate by CA Certificate</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Now there are total 9 files created named as follow –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– CA.key : CA key file (public and private)</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– CA.crt : CA certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– CA.srl : CA serial number file</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– mosquitto_server.key : server key</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– mosquitto_server.csr : server certificate request</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– mosquitto_server.crt : server certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– mosquitto_client.key : client key</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– mosquitto_client.csr : client certificate request</div> <div style="text-align: justify;">– mosquitto_client.crt : client certificate</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Next, the authentication of clients need to be enabled as well. From that, clients will be connected to the MQTT server only when they know the username and password of MQTT server. Follow the below steps to enable authentication –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">1) Create the server_password.txt file anywhere and inside this file, create username and password as following –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Create server_password.txt" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Create-server_password.txt.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Create server_password.txt" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 10: Screenshot of Command to Create server_password.txt</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">2) Then encrypt this file using the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Encrypt the Server_password.txt File" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Encrypt-Server_password.txt-File.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Encrypt the Server_password.txt File" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 11: Screenshot of Command to Encrypt the Server_password.txt File</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">3) Next, install Mosquitto broker. As Linux is used, so to install the broker, first add the Mosquitto repository by running the following command and install the mosquito broker –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Mosquito Broker Running on Encrypted Port 8883" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Mosquito-Broker-Running-Encrypted-Port-8883.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Mosquito Broker Running on Encrypted Port 8883" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 12: Screenshot of Command to Install Mosquito Broker</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Next, install Mosquitto clients for the PC by installing Mosquitto developer libraries and Mosquitto client package as follow –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Install Mosquitto Clients" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Install-Mosquitto-Clients.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Install Mosquitto Clients" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 13: Screenshot of Command to Install Mosquito Clients</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">The mqtt-spy can also be used along with the MQTT client. In order to use MQTT spy, skip the above steps. Now the broker is installed along with the client and certificates as well.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Mosquitto by default is configured to run on port 1883. So, there is need of TLS port i.e. 8883. The configuration of Mosquitto broker can be changed to listen on encrypted port. But before that, out of the 9 files generated, copy the following 3 files and paste into folder /etc/mosquitto/</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">• CA.crt- Paste this file in to /etc/mosquitto/ca_certificates. If this folder is not present then we can make a folder and then paste the file</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">• mosquitto_server.crt- Paste this file into /etc/mosquitto/certs.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">• mosquitto_server.key- Paste this file into /etc/mosquitto/certs</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">Now copy the password file “server_password.txt” and paste it into /etc/mosquitto path. Now, there is the default configuration file. Change the file – mosquitto.conf as follow –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Changes in Default Configuration File" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Changes-Default-Configuration-File.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Changes in Default Configuration File" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 14: Screenshot of changes in Default Configuration File</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">Now the configuration file has been setup. It’s time to run the Mosquitto broker with this configuration file. Run it with super user by the following commands – </span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><strong>sudomosquitto –c mosquitto.conf –v</strong></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">It can be seen that the Mosquitto broker is running on port 8883 with TLS security as follow –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Mosquito Broker Running on Encrypted Port 8883" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Mosquito-Broker-Running-Encrypted-Port-8883.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Mosquito Broker Running on Encrypted Port 8883" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 15: Screenshot of Mosquito Broker Running on Encrypted Port 8883</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">It’s time to test the broker with the MQTT clients. To publish the data on Mosquitto broker, run the following command –</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Install Mosquito Broker" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Install-Mosquito-Broker.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Install Mosquito Broker" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 16: Screenshot of Command to Publish the Data on Mosquito Broker</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.8px;">And to subscribe the topic from MQTT broker by running the following command –</span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Command to Subscribe the Topic from MQTT Broker" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Command-Subscribe-Topic-MQTT-Broker.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Command to Subscribe the Topic from MQTT Broker" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 17: Screenshot of Command to Subscribe the Topic from MQTT Broker</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;">It can be seen that whatever is sent on the MQTT broker from publisher side, it is received on the subscriber side. This Client to Server communication is done in highly encrypted form.</div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"><img decoding="async" title="Screenshot of Client to Server Communication using MQTT Broker" src="https://www.engineersgarage.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/07/Screenshot-Client-Server-Communication-Using-MQTT-Broker.jpg" alt="Screenshot of Client to Server Communication using MQTT Broker" /></div> <div style="text-align: justify;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: verdana,geneva,sans-serif;"><em>Fig. 18: Screenshot of Client to Server Communication using MQTT Broker</em></span></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <div style="text-align: center;"></div> <hr><span class="entry-categories">Filed Under: <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/featured-contributions/" rel="category tag">Featured Contributions</a>, <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/iot-tutorials/" rel="category tag">IoT tutorials</a>, <a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/tutorials/" rel="category tag">Tutorials</a></span><br /><br /> <hr><hr /> <nav class="navigation post-navigation" aria-label="Next Article"> <h2 class="screen-reader-text">Next Article</h2> <div class="nav-links"><div class="nav-previous"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/application-of-ftp-protocol-in-internet-of-things-iot-part-43/" rel="prev">← Previous Article</a></div><div class="nav-next"><a href="https://www.engineersgarage.com/stm32g031-based-motor-driver-supports-three-shunt-foc-control/" rel="next">Next Article →</a></div></div> </nav><hr /></div><footer class="entry-footer"></footer></article> <div id="respond" class="comment-respond"> <h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title"><span style="font-size:16px">Questions related to this article?<br />👉Ask and discuss on <a href="https://electro-tech-online.com?utm_source=EG&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=TellUsWhatYouThink&utm_content=article14502&utm_term=forum" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" style="color:red">Electro-Tech-Online.com</a> and <a href="https://edaboard.com?utm_source=EG&utm_medium=link&utm_campaign=TellUsWhatYouThink&utm_content=article14502&utm_term=forum" target="_blank" rel="nofollow noopener" style="color:red">EDAboard.com</a> forums.</span><br /><br /><hr />Tell Us What You Think!! 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