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Available in 18 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-18" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">18 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%8A%D1%80" title="Битър – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Битър" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(%C3%B8l)" title="Bitter (øl) – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Bitter (øl)" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter" title="Bitter – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Bitter" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter" title="Bitter – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Bitter" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%DB%8C%D8%AA%D8%B1" title="بیتر – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="بیتر" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(bi%C3%A8re)" title="Bitter (bière) – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Bitter (bière)" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%B9%84%ED%84%B0_(%EB%A7%A5%EC%A3%BC)" title="비터 (맥주) – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="비터 (맥주)" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(birra)" title="Bitter (birra) – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Bitter (birra)" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(bier)" title="Bitter (bier) – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Bitter (bier)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%93%E3%82%BF%E3%83%BC_(%E3%83%93%E3%83%BC%E3%83%AB)" title="ビター (ビール) – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ビター (ビール)" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(%C3%B8l)" title="Bitter (øl) – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Bitter (øl)" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter%C3%B8l" title="Bitterøl – Norwegian Nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Bitterøl" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Pale_Ale" title="English Pale Ale – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="English Pale Ale" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Биттер (пиво) – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Биттер (пиво)" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engelsk_bitter" title="Engelsk bitter – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Engelsk bitter" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bitter_(bira)" title="Bitter (bira) – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Bitter (bira)" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%91%D1%96%D1%82%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80_(%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BE)" title="Біттер (пиво) – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Біттер (пиво)" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%8B%A6%E5%95%A4%E9%85%92" title="苦啤酒 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="苦啤酒" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q27201#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage links" class="wbc-editpage">Edit links</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ale_Bitter.jpg/170px-Ale_Bitter.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="259" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ale_Bitter.jpg/255px-Ale_Bitter.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Ale_Bitter.jpg/340px-Ale_Bitter.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1671" data-file-height="2543" /></a><figcaption>A pint of bitter</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Bitter</b> is an English style of <a href="/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale">pale ale</a> that varies in colour from <a href="/wiki/Golden_ale_(UK)" class="mw-redirect" title="Golden ale (UK)">gold</a> to dark amber, and in strength typically from 3% to 5.5% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">alcohol by volume</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_(beer)&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The term "bitter" has been used in England to describe <a href="/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale">pale ale</a> since the early 19th century. Although brewers used the term "pale ale", before the introduction of <a href="/wiki/Beer_engine#Pump_clips" title="Beer engine">pump clips</a>, customers in <a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">pubs</a> would ask for "bitter" to differentiate it from <a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">mild ale</a>; by the end of the 19th century, brewers had begun to use the term as well. </p><p>During the 20th century, bitter became the most popular type of <a href="/wiki/Draught_beer" title="Draught beer">draught beer</a> sold in British pubs and has been described as "the national drink of England".<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Scotland, bitter is known as either "light" or "heavy" depending on the strength, colour and body. </p><p>Bitter is traditionally <a href="/wiki/Cask_conditioned" class="mw-redirect" title="Cask conditioned">cask conditioned</a> and either dispensed by gravity through a tap in the cask or by a <a href="/wiki/Beer_engine" title="Beer engine">beer engine</a> at "cellar temperature" of 11°C-14°C (50°F-55°F). The popularity of <a href="/wiki/Craft_brewing" class="mw-redirect" title="Craft brewing">craft brewing</a> in North America has led to British-style bitter being brewed there since the 1980s.<sup id="cite_ref-auto_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-auto-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Style">Style</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_(beer)&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Style"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Bitter belongs to the pale ale <a href="/wiki/Beer_style" title="Beer style">beer style</a> and can have a great variety of strength, flavour and appearance, from dark amber to a golden summer ale. It can be under 3% <a href="/wiki/Alcohol_by_volume" title="Alcohol by volume">abv</a> and as high as 7% with premium or strong bitters. The colour may be controlled by the addition of <a href="/wiki/Caramel_color" title="Caramel color">caramel colouring</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It is similar to the <a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a> style of beer, though bitters are less <a href="/wiki/Hops" title="Hops">hoppy.</a> A survey by <a href="/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Brewers" title="Society of Independent Brewers">SIBA</a> found that in 2020 the average bitter beer strength in the UK was 4.2%. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sub-types_of_bitter">Sub-types of bitter</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_(beer)&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Sub-types of bitter"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <dl><dt><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238216509">.mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#b1d2ff}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .vanchor>:target~.vanchor-text{background-color:#0f4dc9}}</style><span class="vanchor"><span id="Light_ale"></span><span id="Light_Ale"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Light ale</span></span></dt> <dd>In England the bottled counterpart of basic bitter; in Scotland, "Light" is the lowest gravity draught beer (normally dark in colour).<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509" /><span class="vanchor"><span id="Session_or_ordinary_bitter"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Session or ordinary bitter</span></span></dt> <dd>Strength up to 4.1% abv. This is the most common strength of bitter sold in British pubs. It accounted for 16.9% of pub sales in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsBook_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsBook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509" /><span class="vanchor"><span id="Best_or_special_bitter"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Best or special bitter</span></span></dt> <dd>Strength between 4.2% and 4.7% abv. In the United Kingdom bitter above 4.2% abv accounted for just 2.9% of pub sales in 2003.<sup id="cite_ref-StatsBook_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StatsBook-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The disappearance of weaker bitters from some brewers' rosters means "best" bitter is actually the weakest in the range.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509" /><span class="vanchor"><span id="Premium_or_strong_bitter"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Premium or strong bitter</span></span></dt> <dd>Strength of 4.8% abv and over.</dd> <dt><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238216509" /><span class="vanchor"><span id="Golden_ale"></span><span class="vanchor-text">Golden ale</span></span></dt> <dd>Golden or summer ale has an appearance and profile similar to that of a <a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">pale lager</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Golden ale is typically brewed without the use of crystal malts, or at least in far lower quantity to a traditional bitter. In 2020, 83.5% of SIBA member breweries were producing 'pale golden bitter'.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></dd></dl> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_(beer)&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1266661725">.mw-parser-output .portalbox{padding:0;margin:0.5em 0;display:table;box-sizing:border-box;max-width:175px;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portalborder{border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);padding:0.1em;background:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa)}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-entry{display:table-row;font-size:85%;line-height:110%;height:1.9em;font-style:italic;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-image{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em;vertical-align:middle;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .portalbox-link{display:table-cell;padding:0.2em 0.2em 0.2em 0.3em;vertical-align:middle}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .portalleft{margin:0.5em 1em 0.5em 0}.mw-parser-output .portalright{clear:right;float:right;margin:0.5em 0 0.5em 1em}}</style><ul role="navigation" aria-label="Portals" class="noprint portalbox portalborder portalright"> <li class="portalbox-entry"><span class="portalbox-image"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/40px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png" decoding="async" width="28" height="28" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png/60px-Projet_bi%C3%A8re_logo_v2.png 1.5x" data-file-width="242" data-file-height="242" /></a></span></span><span class="portalbox-link"><a href="/wiki/Portal:Beer" title="Portal:Beer">Beer portal</a></span></li></ul> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_England" title="Beer in England">Beer in England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_ale" title="Copper ale">Copper ale</a></li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Real_Ale" title="Campaign for Real Ale">Campaign for Real Ale</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_(beer)&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFPattinson2004" class="citation web cs1">Pattinson, Ron (2004). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.xs4all.nl/~patto1ro/beerale.htm">"Beer, ale and malt liquor: old British beer terminology"</a>. Xs4all.nl.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Beer%2C+ale+and+malt+liquor%3A+old+British+beer+terminology&rft.pub=Xs4all.nl&rft.date=2004&rft.aulast=Pattinson&rft.aufirst=Ron&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.xs4all.nl%2F~patto1ro%2Fbeerale.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-auto-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-auto_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFOliver2012" class="citation book cs1">Oliver, Garrett, ed. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=Ga4MYyZq-RMC&pg=PA129"><i>The Oxford Companion to Beer</i></a>. Oxford University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">129–</span>130. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536713-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-536713-3"><bdi>978-0-19-536713-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Oxford+Companion+to+Beer&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E129-%3C%2Fspan%3E130&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-536713-3&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DGa4MYyZq-RMC%26pg%3DPA129&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160828041650/http://www.ddwcolor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mso29F.pdf">"Caramel color: the science and art"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. DDW Global. 2001. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ddwcolor.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/06/mso29F.pdf">the original</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> on 28 August 2016<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 August</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Caramel+color%3A+the+science+and+art&rft.pub=DDW+Global&rft.date=2001&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.ddwcolor.com%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2011%2F06%2Fmso29F.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://sites.google.com/brookes.ac.uk/beer-hunter/home/beer-culture#h.nulvh36n3tys">"Beer Culture - Light Ale"</a>. <i>Michael Jackson: The Beer Hunter</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">28 August</span> 2024</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Michael+Jackson%3A+The+Beer+Hunter&rft.atitle=Beer+Culture+-+Light+Ale&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fsites.google.com%2Fbrookes.ac.uk%2Fbeer-hunter%2Fhome%2Fbeer-culture%23h.nulvh36n3tys&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StatsBook-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StatsBook_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StatsBook_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation journal cs1">"Statistical Handbook". <i>Statistical Handbook / A Compilation of Drinks Industry Statistics</i>. British Beer and Pub Association: 21. 2003. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1475-3545">1475-3545</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Statistical+Handbook+%2F+A+Compilation+of+Drinks+Industry+Statistics&rft.atitle=Statistical+Handbook&rft.pages=21&rft.date=2003&rft.issn=1475-3545&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://desdemoor.co.uk/hop-back-summer-lightning/">"Hop Back Summer Lightning " Beer Culture with Des de Moor"</a>. desdemoor.co.uk<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">5 June</span> 2010</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Hop+Back+Summer+Lightning+%22+Beer+Culture+with+Des+de+Moor&rft.pub=desdemoor.co.uk&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fdesdemoor.co.uk%2Fhop-back-summer-lightning%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.siba.co.uk/SIBA-British-Craft-Beer-Report-2020.pdf">"SIBA British Craft Beer Report 2020"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SIBA+British+Craft+Beer+Report+2020&rft.date=2020&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.siba.co.uk%2FSIBA-British-Craft-Beer-Report-2020.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ABitter+%28beer%29" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Bitter_(beer)&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Commons-logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/12px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="12" height="16" class="mw-file-element" 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.navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beer_in_the_United_Kingdom242" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:British_beer" title="Template:British beer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:British_beer" title="Template talk:British beer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:British_beer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:British beer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beer_in_the_United_Kingdom242" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_the_United_Kingdom" title="Beer in the United Kingdom">Beer in the United Kingdom</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_England" title="Beer in England">England</a> (<a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Sussex" title="Beer in Sussex">Sussex</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Scotland" title="Beer in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Wales" title="Beer in Wales">Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Northern_Ireland" title="Beer in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Competitions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Beer_of_Britain" title="Champion Beer of Britain">Champion Beer of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Beer_of_Scotland" title="Champion Beer of Scotland">Champion Beer of Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Beer_of_Wales" title="Champion Beer of Wales">Champion Beer of Wales</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Champion_Winter_Beer_of_Britain" title="Champion Winter Beer of Britain">Champion Winter Beer of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Brewing_Awards" title="International Brewing Awards">International Brewing Awards</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lists of breweries</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_England" title="List of breweries in England">England</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_Berkshire" title="List of breweries in Berkshire">Berkshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_Birmingham" title="List of breweries in Birmingham">Birmingham</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_the_Black_Country" title="List of breweries in the Black Country">Black Country</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Northern_Ireland#List_of_Northern_Ireland_breweries" title="Beer in Northern Ireland">Northern Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_breweries_in_Scotland" title="List of breweries in Scotland">Scotland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_in_Wales#List_of_notable_Welsh_breweries" title="Beer in Wales">Wales</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Beers</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_ale" title="Brown ale">Brown ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout#Imperial_stout" title="Stout">Imperial stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">Mild</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_ale" title="Old ale">Old ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(beer)" title="Porter (beer)">Porter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale#Scotch_ale" title="Pale ale">Pale ale/Scotch ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">Stout</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Campaign_for_Real_Ale" title="Campaign for Real Ale"> Campaign for Real Ale (CAMRA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_of_Independent_Brewers" title="Society of Independent Brewers">Society of Independent Brewers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Family_Brewers_of_Britain" title="Independent Family Brewers of Britain">Independent Family Brewers of Britain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Society_for_the_Preservation_of_Beers_from_the_Wood" title="Society for the Preservation of Beers from the Wood">Society for the Preservation of Beers from the Wood</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_Beer_and_Pub_Association" title="British Beer and Pub Association">British Beer and Pub Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pub" title="Pub">Pub</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microbrewery" class="mw-redirect" title="Microbrewery">Microbrewery</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Good_Beer_Guide" title="Good Beer Guide">Good Beer Guide</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Beer_styles_(list)210" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231" /><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Beer_styles" title="Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Beer_styles" title="Template talk:Beer styles"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Beer_styles" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Beer styles"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Beer_styles_(list)210" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Beer_style" title="Beer style">Beer styles</a> (<a href="/wiki/List_of_beer_styles" title="List of beer styles">list</a>)</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ale" title="Ale">Ale</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Altbier" title="Altbier">Altbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amber_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Amber ale">Amber ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_pale_ale" title="American pale ale">American pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_pale_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian pale ale">Australian pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barley_wine" title="Barley wine">Barley wine</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Bitter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brown_ale" title="Brown ale">Brown ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Burton_ale" title="Burton ale">Burton ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Copper_ale" title="Copper ale">Copper ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cream_ale" title="Cream ale">Cream ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dubbel" title="Dubbel">Dubbel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Farmhouse_ale" title="Farmhouse ale">Farmhouse ale</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bi%C3%A8re_de_Garde" title="Bière de Garde">Bière de Garde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grisette_(beer)" title="Grisette (beer)">Grisette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saison" title="Saison">Saison</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/India_pale_ale" title="India pale ale">India pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Irish_red_ale" title="Irish red ale">Irish red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gose" title="Gose">Gose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grodziskie" title="Grodziskie">Grodziskie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kentucky_common_beer" title="Kentucky common beer">Kentucky common beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/K%C3%B6lsch_(beer)" title="Kölsch (beer)">Kölsch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mild_ale" title="Mild ale">Mild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Old_ale" title="Old ale">Old ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_ale" title="Pale ale">Pale ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Porter_(beer)" title="Porter (beer)">Porter</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Baltic_porter" class="mw-redirect" title="Baltic porter">Baltic porter</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pumpkin_ale" title="Pumpkin ale">Pumpkin ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quadrupel" title="Quadrupel">Quadrupel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahti" title="Sahti">Sahti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scotch_ale" class="mw-redirect" title="Scotch ale">Scotch ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stout" title="Stout">Stout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strong_ale" title="Strong ale">Strong ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tripel" title="Tripel">Tripel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wheat_beer" title="Wheat beer">Wheat beer</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Lager" title="Lager">Lager</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_lager" title="American lager">American lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Australian_lager" title="Australian lager">Australian lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bock" title="Bock">Bock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dortmunder_Export" title="Dortmunder Export">Dortmunder Export</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dunkel" title="Dunkel">Dunkel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Helles" title="Helles">Helles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kellerbier" title="Kellerbier">Kellerbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/M%C3%A4rzen" title="Märzen">Märzen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pale_lager" title="Pale lager">Pale lager</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pilsner" title="Pilsner">Pilsner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Schwarzbier" title="Schwarzbier">Schwarzbier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zoigl" title="Zoigl">Zoigl</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other styles</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Sour_beer13" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Sour_beer" title="Sour beer">Sour beer</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_wild_ale" title="American wild ale">American wild ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berliner_Weisse" title="Berliner Weisse">Berliner Weisse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flanders_red_ale" title="Flanders red ale">Flanders red ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lambic" title="Lambic">Lambic</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Framboise" title="Framboise">Framboise</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gueuze" title="Gueuze">Gueuze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kriek_lambic" title="Kriek lambic">Kriek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Oud_bruin" title="Oud bruin">Oud bruin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Corn_beer" title="Corn beer">Corn beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fruit_beer" title="Fruit beer">Fruit beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Banana_beer" title="Banana beer">Banana beer</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hard_soda" title="Hard soda">Hard soda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hemp_beer" title="Hemp beer">Hemp beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ice_beer" title="Ice beer">Ice beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kvass" title="Kvass">Kvass</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Podpiwek" title="Podpiwek">Podpiwek</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Light_beer" title="Light beer">Light beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malt_beer" title="Malt beer">Malt beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millet_beer" title="Millet beer">Millet beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pito_(beer)" title="Pito (beer)">Pito</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Root_beer" title="Root beer">Root beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rye_beer" title="Rye beer">Rye beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Small_beer" title="Small beer">Small beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer" title="Smoked beer">Smoked beer</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smoked_beer#Bamberg_Rauchbier" title="Smoked beer">Rauchbier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spruce_beer" title="Spruce beer">Spruce beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steam_beer" title="Steam beer">Steam beer / California Common</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tella" title="Tella">Tella</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">See also</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_beers" class="mw-redirect" title="Abbey beers">Abbey beers</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trappist_beer" title="Trappist beer">Trappist</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adjuncts" title="Adjuncts">Adjuncts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Barrel-aged_beer" title="Barrel-aged beer">Barrel-aged beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_and_breweries_by_region" class="mw-redirect" title="Beer and breweries by region">Beer and breweries by region</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Beer_sommelier" title="Beer sommelier">Beer sommelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brewery" title="Brewery">Brewery</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Experimental_beer" title="Experimental beer">Experimental beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Low-alcohol_beer" title="Low-alcohol beer">Low-alcohol beer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Real_ale" title="Real ale">Real ale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seasonal_beer" title="Seasonal beer">Seasonal 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