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<style>.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; min-width: 0;}.cta-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.dark-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 0, 0);}.light-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}.color-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.align-text-left.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-color: rgba(6, 0, 90, 1); display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; min-height: 0px; padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; padding-left: 1.5rem; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.image-light-overlay.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-origin: border-box; background-clip: border-box; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; background-color: rgba(6, 0, 90, 1); display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(73%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, 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visible;}.ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3.coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081:after { line-height: 1.0; font-weight: normal; text-transform: none; speak: none; font-variant: normal; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale;}.icon--image.ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3.coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081:before { height: 3rem; width: 3rem; background-position: left top; background-size: contain; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; content: " ";}.full-width.ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3.coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 { -webkit-flex-basis: 100%; -ms-flex-preferred-size: 100%; flex-basis: 100%;}.button--small.ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3.coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 { min-height: 2rem; padding-right: 1rem; padding-left: 1rem;}.button--large.ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3.coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 { min-height: 3rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; padding-left: 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left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; padding-top: .5rem; padding-bottom: .5rem; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.image-light-overlay.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-origin: border-box; background-clip: border-box; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(73%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), color-stop(92%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: none; background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(99%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: local, scroll; width: 100vw; left: -webkit-calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2); left: calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2);}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; padding-top: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1.5rem; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.image-light-overlay.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-origin: border-box; background-clip: border-box; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(73%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), color-stop(92%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 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inline-block;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; min-width: 0;}.cta-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.dark-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 0, 0);}.light-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}.color-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.align-text-left.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-7b1f38a7fd543b8e8229e3292157a4b6.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; text-align: left; margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; width: 100%; max-width: 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left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-60d260ce30aa66e8bbed0d3df70bfaf0.coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-1a18d56a {}.ssa-instance-60d260ce30aa66e8bbed0d3df70bfaf0.coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-1a18d56a .coh-accordion-tabs-nav { display: none; overflow: visible;}.ssa-instance-60d260ce30aa66e8bbed0d3df70bfaf0.coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-1a18d56a .coh-accordion-tabs-nav li a { padding-right: 0; padding-left: 0; margin-right: 1rem;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-color: rgba(250, 245, 238, 1); display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; min-height: 0px; padding-top: 2rem; padding-right: 2rem; padding-bottom: 2rem; padding-left: 2rem; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; 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background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; background-color: rgba(250, 245, 238, 1); display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, 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}}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: none; background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(99%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: local, scroll; width: 100vw; left: -webkit-calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2); left: calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2);}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-eec13a00609df851bcc01b0f61fb9598.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; text-align: left; width: 100%; max-width: 100%;}.border.ssa-instance-eec13a00609df851bcc01b0f61fb9598.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.ssa-instance-eec13a00609df851bcc01b0f61fb9598.coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09 { text-align: left; display: inline-block;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { max-width: 100%; width: 100%; min-width: 0;}.cta-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.dark-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 0, 0);}.light-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}.color-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.align-text-left.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; min-height: 0px; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { padding-top: 2.5rem; padding-bottom: 2.5rem; }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.image-light-overlay.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-origin: border-box; background-clip: border-box; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(73%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), color-stop(92%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: none; background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(99%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: local, scroll; width: 100vw; left: -webkit-calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2); left: calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2);}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-ebebb3bb579f9acef4c805b60ea10061.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; text-align: left; width: 100%; max-width: 100%;}.border.ssa-instance-ebebb3bb579f9acef4c805b60ea10061.coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1 { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.ssa-instance-ebebb3bb579f9acef4c805b60ea10061.coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09 { text-align: left; display: inline-block;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { margin-right: initial; margin-left: initial; max-width: 100%; width: 100%; min-width: 0;}.cta-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.dark-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 0, 0);}.light-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(255, 255, 255);}.color-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.align-text-left.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: left;}.align-text-center.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: center;}.align-text-right.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { text-align: right;}.certify-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255);}.learn-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(0, 187, 255);}.network-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(245, 202, 39);}.insights-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(122, 70, 255);}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { position: relative;}.underline--emphatic.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc:after { content: ""; height: 0.425rem; width: 3.45rem; position: absolute; bottom: -1rem; left: 0;}.royal-heading.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(89, 73, 167);}.italic.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-style: italic;}.card-eyebrow.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-weight: 500; font-size: 0.875rem; line-height: 0.875rem; text-align: left; color: rgb(65, 67, 70);}.card-eyebrow-brand.ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720.coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc { color: rgb(51, 106, 255); font-weight: 500; font-family: 'Azo Sans', Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; -moz-osx-font-smoothing: grayscale; -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased; font-size: 1rem; line-height: 1rem; text-align: left;}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { display: -webkit-box; display: -webkit-flex; display: -ms-flexbox; display: flex; -webkit-box-flex: 0; -webkit-flex-grow: 0; -ms-flex-positive: 0; flex-grow: 0; -webkit-box-orient: horizontal; -webkit-box-direction: normal; -webkit-flex-direction: row; -ms-flex-direction: row; flex-direction: row; -webkit-align-content: flex-start; -ms-flex-line-pack: flex-start; align-content: flex-start; min-height: 0px; padding-top: 4rem; padding-bottom: 4rem; position: relative; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}@media (max-width: 1197px) { .ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { padding-top: 1rem; padding-right: 1.5rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; padding-left: 1.5rem; }}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { padding-top: 1rem; padding-right: 1rem; padding-bottom: 1rem; padding-left: 1rem; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}.image-no-overlay.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-position: center; background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.image-dark-overlay.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 1%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.2) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.image-light-overlay.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, color-stop(1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294)), to(rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.294) 1%, rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.3) 100%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-origin: border-box; background-clip: border-box; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.border.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.0625rem; border-style: solid;}.border--top.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-top-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; border-top-style: solid;}.border--drop-shadow.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { border-width: 0.125rem; border-style: solid; }.background--bleed.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { position: relative;}.background--bleed.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { height: 100%; width: 200vw; position: absolute; top: 0; left: -100vw; z-index: -1; display: block;}.image-gradient-overlay-vertical.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(73%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 73%), none; background-position: center, center; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, color-stop(42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4)), color-stop(92%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 42%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.4) 70%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 92%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: cover, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(#000), color-stop(50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, #000 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 50%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .bg-dark-gradient--listing.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, left bottom, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), to(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(top, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(180deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.75) 100%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll, scroll; }}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b { background-image: none; background-position: left top; background-size: auto; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll;}.bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-image: -webkit-gradient(linear, left top, right top, from(rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8)), color-stop(99%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0))), none; background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-image: linear-gradient(90deg, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 0%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.8) 45%, rgba(0, 0, 0, 0) 99%), none; background-size: auto, cover; background-repeat: no-repeat, no-repeat; background-attachment: local, scroll; width: 100vw; left: -webkit-calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2); left: calc((100vw - var(--ssa-responsive-grid-settings-boxed-width)) / -2);}@media (max-width: 899px) { .bg-dark-gradient--events.ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5.coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b:before { background-size: cover; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-attachment: scroll; }}</style> <style>.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 {}@media (max-width: 899px) { .ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { }}.coh-style-flex-grow.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { height: auto;}@media (max-width: 899px) { .coh-style-flex-grow.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { height: auto; }}@media (max-width: 599px) { .coh-style-flex-grow.ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74.coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3 { height: auto; }}</style> </head> <body class="user-is-anonymous path-node page-node-type-long-form"> <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link"> Skip to main content </a> <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas" data-off-canvas-main-canvas> <input class="coh-inline-element ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-ce-cpt_site_header-443cc08f" id="megamenu-toggle" type="checkbox"> <header class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 site-header masthead--megamenu e--100 coh-style-header-light-theme coh-style-elevations coh-ce-cpt_site_header-e29b1605" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-8a31fe82" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-9ac56c51 coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-3f35602d" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list coh-ce-c0b6bbc8"><li class="coh-menu-list-item" > <a href="/business" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-125352ee js-coh-menu-item-link" >Business</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item" > <a href="/universities" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-125352ee js-coh-menu-item-link" >Universities</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item" > <a href="/university-students" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-125352ee js-coh-menu-item-link" >University students</a></li></ul> <span class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-style-flex-grow ssa-instance-0e9bad08079d7f799e9ce80c55588a74 coh-ce-cpt_spacer-b3e761a3" > </span> <div class="coh-block coh-ce-cpt_site_header-e1c8b140"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center coh-style-position-relative oidc-menu"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center justify-content--center oidc coh-style-mobile-account-links"> <a href="/Account/Login" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-style-label-200 piped" target="_self">Sign In</a> <a href="/Account/CreateAccount" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-style-label-200 piped" target="_self">Create Account</a> </div> </div> </div> <a href="https://store.cfainstitute.org/cart.php" class="coh-link coh-ce-cpt_site_header-b69197d" title="View my cart" target="_self" > </a> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container masthead__header coh-ce-cpt_site_header-798ae7ba coh-container-boxed" > <button class="coh-button coh-style-button coh-ce-cpt_site_header-5bc6ba39 coh-interaction" title="Menu" data-interaction-modifiers="[{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"this","modifierName":"popover--open","interactionTarget":".coh-button"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier-accessible-collapsed","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#megamenu","modifierName":"popover--open"}]" aria-haspopup="true" aria-expanded="false" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"buttonAnimation":[{"animationType":"none"}]} }' type="button"> </button> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-9a161e69" > <a class="coh-inline-element coh-ce-cpt_site_header-b900b83f" href="/" title="CFA Institute Home"> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 " > <div class="coh-block light-title coh-ce-cpt_drupal_blocks-91a01d0a"> <img src="/themes/custom/cfa_base/logo.svg" alt="Home" fetchpriority="high" /> </div> </div> </a> </div> <button class="coh-button coh-style-button coh-ce-cpt_site_header-de9fbb74 coh-interaction" title="Search" data-interaction-modifiers="[{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#header__search","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#mobile-search-button","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","modifierName":"popover--open","interactionTarget":"#desktop-search-button"}]" id="mobile-search-button" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"buttonAnimation":[{"animationType":"none"}]} }' type="button"> <span class="coh-inline-element popover--closed coh-style-screen-reader-only">Open Search Overlay</span> <span class="coh-inline-element popover--open coh-style-screen-reader-only">Close Search Overlay</span> </button> <search class="coh-inline-element coh-ce-cpt_site_header-7fbdd3a8" id="header__search"> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 coh-component-instance-2deda0ba-35c6-4be9-a864-fea3e44be036 match-height No ssa-instance-be5d375162e360e3a5a2faebc919a3f5 coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b coh-container-boxed" > <h2 class="coh-heading coh-style-headline-300 coh-style-headline-heavy coh-style-text-inverted coh-ce-cpt_site_header-5cf3ab20" >I'm looking for:</h2> <form class="coh-inline-element masthead__search-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-6b6b001a" id="coveo-search-form"> <style> atomic-search-box::part(wrapper) { background-color: var(--ssa-color-palette-gray-50); } </style> <atomic-search-interface id="global-search-box" search-hub="CFAI-Site-Search-Hub" pipeline=""> <atomic-search-box redirection-url=/search textarea="false" disable-search="false"> <atomic-search-box-query-suggestions maxWithQuery="" maxWithoutQuery=""> </atomic-search-box-query-suggestions> </atomic-search-box> </atomic-search-interface> </form> <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list coh-style-text-inverted coh-ce-c3377e60"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-680ae03b js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"visible"}' ></li></ul> </div> </div> </search> <a href="https://store.cfainstitute.org/cart.php" class="coh-link coh-ce-cpt_site_header-7b188ccb" title="View my cart" target="_self" > </a> <nav class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-951dd020" id="megamenu" > <div class="coh-container oidc-mobile coh-ce-cpt_site_header-b07faa38 coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-2b33d301" > <div class="coh-block coh-ce-cpt_site_header-40fd4f75"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center coh-style-position-relative oidc-menu"> <div class="coh-style-flex-container align-items--center justify-content--center oidc coh-style-mobile-account-links"> <a href="/Account/Login" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-link-button-dark coh-style-text-color-dark-background" target="_self">Sign In</a> <a href="/Account/CreateAccount" class="js--oidc-menu-link coh-link coh-style-text-link coh-style-text-color-dark-background" target="_self">Create Account</a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-1 coh-ce-a757c86a"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Programs</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >CFA® Program</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#overview" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Overview</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#career-paths" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career paths</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#curriculum" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Curriculum</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#learning-experience" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Learning experience</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#fees-calendar" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Fees and calendar</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program#policies" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Policies</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program/candidate-resources" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Registered candidate resources</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cfa-program" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Enroll and register</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Other programs</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/cipm" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >CIPM® Program</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/climate-investing-cohort" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Climate Risk (Cohort)</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/climate-investing-self-paced" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Climate Risk (Self-paced)</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/data-science-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Data Science</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/esg-certification" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >ESG Investing</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/investment-foundations-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Investment Foundations</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/private-equity-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Private Equity</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/private-markets-alternative-investments-certificate" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Private Markets</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/all-programs" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >View all programs</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Learning paths</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/private-markets" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Private markets</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/sustainable-investing" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Sustainability</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/data-science" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Data science</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Program support</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/learning-compass" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Help choosing a program</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/candidate-resources" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >All candidate resources</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/Account/Login" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Candidate sign in</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Membership</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Membership</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Membership overview</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/benefits" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Membership benefits</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/become-member" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Become a member</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://my.cfainstitute.org/" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Member sign in</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Network</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/find-cfa-society" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Find a CFA Society®</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://directory.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Find a member</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/volunteer-opportunities" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Volunteering</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career support</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://careers.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career center</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/membership/benefits/professional-learning-program" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional learning program</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/programs/candidate-resources/share-achievement" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Share your achievements</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Insights</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research & Policy Center</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research and thought leadership</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/research/financial-analysts-journal" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Financial Analysts Journal</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/research-foundation" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research Foundation</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/blogs-and-podcasts" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Podcasts & blogs</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >Research & Policy Center</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >In Brief</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/careers-professional-development" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Career insights</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/digital-innovation" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Digital innovation</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/first-person" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >First person</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/trends" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Trends</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles/esg-sustainability" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >ESG</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/articles" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >View all articles</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Events</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/upcoming" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Upcoming events</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/past" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Past events</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/sponsorship" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Event sponsorship</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/events/research-challenge" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Research Challenge</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Learning resources</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/professional-learning" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional learning resources</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/professional-learning/refresher-readings" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Refresher readings</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/insights/professional-learning/ethics-resources" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Ethics resources</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">Standards</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Industry standards</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://www.gipsstandards.org/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >GIPS Standards</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/codes-and-standards/diversity-equity-inclusion-codes" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion Code</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/esg-standards" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >ESG Standards for Investment Products</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/policy" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Policy and Advocacy</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://rpc.cfainstitute.org/en/codes-and-standards" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-header-button coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary" >More in Research & Policy Center</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional standards</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/code-ethics-standards" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Code of Ethics and Standards</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/conduct" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Professional Conduct</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/conduct/sanctions" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Disciplinary sanctions</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals/conduct/report-misconduct" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Report misconduct</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/standards/professionals" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >Learn more </a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-9f39a733 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"linear","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":0},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationDirection":"up","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationTarget":".menu-level-2-wrapper","animationDuration":300} }' class="coh-link coh-ce-2793ed5d js-coh-menu-item-link" tabindex="0">About</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-2-wrapper coh-ce-7509f1c" aria-role="menu" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-885d08e0 coh-container-boxed" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-2 coh-ce-4eb3061c"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >CFA Institute</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/who-we-are" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Who we are</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/history" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Our history</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/press-room" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Press room</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/careers" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Careers</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Governance</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/leadership-team" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Leadership team</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/board" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Board of Governors</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/committees" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Committees and Councils</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/annual-report" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Annual reports</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance/policies" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >CFA Institute policies</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/about/governance" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link coh-style-link-with-icon" >Learn more</a></li></ul> </div></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-7c9ea180 js-coh-menu-item has-children" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <span data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"no-interaction"},"sm":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-click","animationType":"blind","animationEasing":"easeInOutCubic","animationDirection":"up","animationDuration":300,"animationTarget":".menu-level-3-wrapper"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-fd5b21f js-coh-menu-item-link" >Customer support</span> <div class="coh-container menu-level-3-wrapper coh-ce-3c566a43" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list menu-level-3 coh-ce-27121577"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-1953dd1f js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="https://help.cfainstitute.org/s/" target="_blank" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"toggle-on-hover","animationType":"none"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-link-light coh-ce-55dec3c3 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Contact us</a></li></ul> </div></li></ul> </div> </div></li></ul> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_site_header-dc73e60b" > <ul class="coh-menu-list-container coh-unordered-list coh-ce-7e04b7f4"><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-33e52a0e js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/business" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-link-light coh-ce-1713e4b6 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Business</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-33e52a0e js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/universities" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-link-light coh-ce-1713e4b6 js-coh-menu-item-link" >Universities</a></li><li class="coh-menu-list-item coh-ce-33e52a0e js-coh-menu-item" data-coh-settings='{"xl":"hidden"}' > <a href="/university-students" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"link_interaction":"click-through-to-link"} }' class="coh-link coh-style-headline-500 coh-style-link-light coh-ce-1713e4b6 js-coh-menu-item-link" >University students</a></li></ul> </div> </div> </nav> <button class="coh-button coh-style-button coh-ce-cpt_site_header-5510d5fc coh-interaction" data-interaction-modifiers="[{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#header__search","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#mobile-search-button","modifierName":"popover--open"},{"modifierType":"toggle-modifier","interactionScope":"component","interactionTarget":"#desktop-search-button","modifierName":"popover--open"}]" id="desktop-search-button" aria-label="Toggle site search overlay" data-coh-settings='{ "xl":{"buttonAnimation":[{"animationType":"none"}]} }' type="button"> </button> </div> </div> </header> <div class="coh-container coh-style-focusable-content coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-ce-bfd264e3" id="main-content" > <div class="coh-block"> <div class="coh-container breadcrumbs"> <div class="coh-container-boxed"> <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="system-breadcrumb"> <h2 id="system-breadcrumb" class="visually-hidden">Breadcrumb</h2> <ol> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/">Home</a> </li> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/standards">Standards</a> </li> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/standards/professionals">Standards for investment professionals</a> </li> <li class="coh-style-paragraph-300"> <a href="/standards/professionals/code-ethics-standards">Code of Ethics and Standards</a> </li> </ol> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container content-region coh-ce-6d56d4bb" > <div> <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div> <div id="block-cfa-base-sitewidealert" class="settings-tray-editable" data-drupal-settingstray="editable"> <div><div data-sitewide-alert></div></div>  <div class="notice bottom-0 js-notice border-top border-warning" id="privacy-banner"> <div class="notice__banner bg-warning-lighter padding-y-sm inner-glow shadow-md"> <div class="coh-container-boxed"> <div class="flex justify-between items-center"> <p class="text-sm" style="margin-bottom: 0;">We're using cookies, but you can turn them off in your browser settings. Otherwise, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Learn more in our <a href="/about/governance/policies/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></p> <button class="reset notice__close-btn margin-left-sm js-notice__hide-control" id="closePrivacyWarning"> <svg class="icon--ch" viewBox="0 0 16 16"> <title>Accept</title> <g stroke-width="2" stroke="currentColor" fill="none" stroke-linecap="round" stroke-linejoin="round" stroke-miterlimit="10"> <line x1="13.5" y1="2.5" x2="2.5" y2="13.5"></line> <line x1="2.5" y1="2.5" x2="13.5" y2="13.5"></line> </g> </svg> </button> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <article > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-b983a31f coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-row coh-row-xl coh-row-visible-xl" data-coh-row-match-heights="{"xl":{"target":"none"}}"> <div class="coh-row-inner coh-ce-806cbaeb"> <div class="coh-column coh-ce-4181afa6 coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps-12 coh-col-ps-offset-0 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm-8 coh-col-sm-offset-0 coh-visible-md coh-col-md-8 coh-col-md-offset-1 coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-8 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0 coh-col-xl-offset-1" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-fb27970d" > <h1 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-17f97308-4e8e-43d5-97af-7e5b29f22130 coh-component-instance-17f97308-4e8e-43d5-97af-7e5b29f22130 coh-style-headline-100 dark-heading align-text-left ssa-instance-3cca17dfe02be75a5b4c369f39998720 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Standard II(A) Material Nonpublic Information </h1> </div> <div> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-8532d6ec-333f-4812-8f43-453a087e1dbf coh-component-instance-8532d6ec-333f-4812-8f43-453a087e1dbf match-height No ssa-instance-6ed6eea32d999a616552303983feeae0 coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-16695d6f-b41d-44b4-8b29-aeda7a5090b3 coh-component-instance-16695d6f-b41d-44b4-8b29-aeda7a5090b3 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-ebebb3bb579f9acef4c805b60ea10061 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Updated April 2024</strong><br>CFA Institute</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-edc20470-57aa-42fa-b480-fcdc41bc906a coh-component-instance-edc20470-57aa-42fa-b480-fcdc41bc906a match-height No ssa-instance-1e8da76a2f6a8666346a627116fc5234 coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b coh-container-boxed" > <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-6da7a0c9-4312-44bf-ab31-414ccf6340a3 coh-component-instance-6da7a0c9-4312-44bf-ab31-414ccf6340a3 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-f4cde92ecd64ef4b12f1f2c4dec6febb coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > The Standard </h2> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-1406b90f-6b99-4fe0-8e0a-85045d6c620f coh-component-instance-1406b90f-6b99-4fe0-8e0a-85045d6c620f coh-style-text-color-light-background ssa-instance-eec13a00609df851bcc01b0f61fb9598 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Members and candidates who possess material nonpublic information that could affect the value of an investment must not act or cause others to act on the information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-34ac2813-8c4a-4d0b-9483-669d651fe32e coh-component-instance-34ac2813-8c4a-4d0b-9483-669d651fe32e match-height No ssa-instance-533e15a1f5d3d27a12bf73f787321ccf coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-befc9bd7-f1a6-497c-94a8-61ed89303a2f coh-component-instance-befc9bd7-f1a6-497c-94a8-61ed89303a2f match-height No ssa-instance-a0172682d5b71c150b49d74b37ac73fc coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-e6e34147-3192-4862-9bc6-a39c2f56231e coh-component-instance-e6e34147-3192-4862-9bc6-a39c2f56231e table-of-contents coh-style-margin-bottom-small ssa-instance-60d260ce30aa66e8bbed0d3df70bfaf0 coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-1a18d56a" > <div class="coh-accordion-tabs" data-metadata-typography data-metadata-weight data-label-typography="coh-style-paragraph-100" data-label-weight="coh-style-paragraph-heavy"> <div class="coh-accordion-tabs-inner coh-accordion-tabs-horizontal-center coh-accordion-tabs-display-accordion-xl coh-style-accordion-tabs-keyline-dark-text coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-f7edb4e1" data-coh-accordion="{"title":"Accordion container","styles":{"xl":{"accordionOrTab":"accordion","collapsible":true,"startCollapsed":true,"offsetPositionAgainst":"px","scrollToAccordionOffset":100,"animation":"slide","duration":400},"sm":[]},"scrollToAccordion":false,"setHash":true,"horizontalVertical":"horizontal_top","HorizontalPosition":"center_aligned","customStyle":null}"> <ul class="coh-accordion-tabs-nav"></ul> <div class="coh-accordion-tabs-content-wrapper"> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-720106851" >Table of contents</a></div> <div id="230548828-720106851" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-e6e34147-3192-4862-9bc6-a39c2f56231e coh-component-instance-e6e34147-3192-4862-9bc6-a39c2f56231e" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <ul class="coh-list-container coh-unordered-list table-of-contents__list coh-ce-cpt_table_of_contents-267c9845" data-depth="h2,h3"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-322fd1b1-4b24-4ac7-b68d-a4d38fa4c9b3 coh-component-instance-322fd1b1-4b24-4ac7-b68d-a4d38fa4c9b3 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-06837b9912802c898666ff7c00a62962 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Guidance </h2> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-56675cf9-b51f-47b7-b86f-74b734bcc26d coh-component-instance-56675cf9-b51f-47b7-b86f-74b734bcc26d coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-7b1f38a7fd543b8e8229e3292157a4b6 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Trading or inducing others to trade on material nonpublic information erodes confidence in capital markets, institutions, and investment professionals by supporting the idea that those with inside information and special access can take unfair advantage of the general investing public. Although trading on inside information may lead to short-term profits, in the long run, individuals and the profession as a whole suffer from such trading. These actions have caused and will continue to cause investors to avoid capital markets because the markets are perceived to be “rigged” in favor of the knowledgeable insider. When the investing public avoids capital markets, the markets and capital allocation become less efficient and less supportive of strong and vibrant economies. Standard II(A) promotes and allows for a high level of confidence in market integrity, which is one of the foundations of the investment profession.</p> <p>The prohibition on using this information goes beyond the direct buying and selling of individual securities or bonds. Members and candidates must not use material nonpublic information to influence their investment actions related to derivatives, mutual funds, or other alternative investments. Any trading based on material nonpublic information constitutes a violation of Standard II(A).</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-1a4279d8-715d-4938-ab9e-cd13bc802921 coh-component-instance-1a4279d8-715d-4938-ab9e-cd13bc802921 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-35772afd4ebfa5f4348197e34a7d7a39 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > What is “Material” Information? </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-29c84b43-12ea-4a46-8bf6-dee36cbbb95b coh-component-instance-29c84b43-12ea-4a46-8bf6-dee36cbbb95b coh-style-text-color-light-background ssa-instance-8038fbd37708becb0039454efe5d2df8 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Information is “material” if its disclosure would probably have an impact on the price of a security or if reasonable investors would want to know the information before making an investment decision. In other words, information is material if it would significantly alter the total mix of information currently available about a security in such a way that the price of the security would be affected.</p> <p>The specificity of the information, the extent of its difference from public information, its nature, and its reliability are key factors in determining whether a particular piece of information fits the definition of material. For example, material information may include, but is not limited to, information on the following:</p> <ul> <li>earnings;</li> <li>mergers, acquisitions, tender offers, or joint ventures;</li> <li>changes in assets or asset quality;</li> <li>innovative products, processes, or discoveries (e.g., new product trials or research efforts);</li> <li>new licenses, patents, registered trademarks, or regulatory approval/rejection of a product;</li> <li>developments regarding customers or suppliers (e.g., the acquisition or loss of a contract);</li> <li>changes in management;</li> <li>change in auditor notification or the fact that the issuer may no longer rely on an auditor’s report or qualified opinion;</li> <li>events regarding the issuer’s securities (e.g., defaults on senior securities, calls of securities for redemption, repurchase plans, stock splits, changes in dividends, changes to the rights of security holders, and public or private sales of additional securities);</li> <li>bankruptcies;</li> <li>significant legal disputes;</li> <li>government reports of economic trends (employment, housing starts, currency information, etc.);</li> <li>orders for large trades before they are executed; and</li> <li>new or changing equity or debt ratings issued by a third party (e.g., sell-side recommendations and credit ratings). </li> </ul> <p>In addition to the substance and specificity of the information, the source or relative reliability of the information also determines materiality. The less reliable a source, the less likely the information provided would be considered material. For example, factual information from a corporate insider regarding a significant new contract for a company is likely to be material, whereas an assumption based on speculation by a competitor about the same contract is likely to be less reliable and, therefore, not material. Additionally, information about trials of a new drug, product, or service under development from qualified personnel involved in the trials is likely to be material, whereas educated conjecture by subject experts not connected to the trials is unlikely to be material.</p> <p>Also, the more ambiguous the effect of the information on price, the less material that information is considered. If it is unclear whether and to what extent the information will affect the price of a security, the information may not be considered material. The passage of time may also render information that was once important immaterial.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-c57c214b-7947-46d6-8e58-7368441f5997 coh-component-instance-c57c214b-7947-46d6-8e58-7368441f5997 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-ad9bd5264a538343b9221fa7321c0ad5 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > What Constitutes “Nonpublic” Information? </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-7ad83ab7-8bd1-47aa-86e5-ae3b3a66c021 coh-component-instance-7ad83ab7-8bd1-47aa-86e5-ae3b3a66c021 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-0c891257f797f1c12f011e3b6ee5a859 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Information is “nonpublic” until it has been disseminated or is available to the marketplace in general (as opposed to a select group of investors). “Disseminated” can be defined as “made known.” For example, a company report of profits that is posted on the internet and distributed widely through a press release or accompanied by a filing has been effectively disseminated to the marketplace. Members and candidates must have a reasonable expectation that people have received the information before it can be considered public. It is not necessary, however, to wait for the slowest method of delivery. Once the information is disseminated to the market, it is public information that is no longer covered by this standard.</p> <p>Members and candidates must be particularly aware of information that is selectively disclosed by corporations to a small group of investors, analysts, or other market participants. Information that is made available to analysts remains nonpublic until it is made available to investors in general. Corporations that disclose information on a limited basis create the potential for insider-trading violations.</p> <p>Issues of selective disclosure may arise when a corporate insider provides material information to analysts in a briefing or conference call before that information is released to the public. Analysts must be aware that a disclosure made to a room full of analysts does not necessarily make the disclosed information “public.” Analysts should also be alert to the possibility that they are selectively receiving material nonpublic information when a company provides them with guidance or interpretation of such publicly available information as financial statements or regulatory filings.</p> <p>A member or candidate may use insider information provided legitimately by the source company for the specific purpose of conducting due diligence according to the business agreement between the parties for such activities as mergers, loan underwriting, credit ratings, and offering engagements. In such instances, the investment professional would not be considered in violation of Standard II(A) by using the material information. However, the use of insider information provided by the source company for other purposes, especially to trade or entice others to trade the securities of the firm, is a violation of this standard.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2ca76072-faeb-45e4-8246-05824c611d1d coh-component-instance-2ca76072-faeb-45e4-8246-05824c611d1d dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-b7f4e508db9e8dbe4711252b22154e97 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Mosaic Theory </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-f4c373c9-3777-45e8-900f-d945d1fc9e69 coh-component-instance-f4c373c9-3777-45e8-900f-d945d1fc9e69 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-3ef249a734e8784e0aab3faa3630c62e coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>A financial analyst gathers and interprets large quantities of information from many sources. The analyst may use significant conclusions derived from the analysis of public and nonmaterial nonpublic information as the basis for investment recommendations and decisions even if those conclusions would have been material inside information had they been communicated directly to the analyst by a company. Under the “mosaic theory,” financial analysts are free to act on this collection, or mosaic, of information without risking violation.</p> <p>The practice of financial analysis depends on the free flow of information. For the fair and efficient operation of the capital markets, analysts and investors must have the greatest amount of information possible to facilitate making well-informed investment decisions about how and where to invest capital. Accurate, timely, and intelligible communication is essential if analysts and investors are to obtain the data needed to make informed decisions about how and where to invest capital. These disclosures must go beyond the information mandated by the reporting requirements of the securities laws and should include specific business information about items used to guide a company’s future growth, such as new products, capital projects, and the competitive environment. Analysts seek and use such information to compare investment alternatives.</p> <p>Much of the information used by analysts comes directly from companies. Analysts often receive such information through contacts with corporate insiders, especially investor relations staff and financial officers. Information may be disseminated in the form of press releases, through oral presentations by company executives in analysts’ meetings or conference calls, or during analysts’ visits to company premises. In seeking to develop the most accurate and complete picture of a company, analysts reach beyond contacts with companies themselves and collect information from other sources, such as customers, contractors, suppliers, and the companies’ competitors.</p> <p>Analysts formulate opinions and insights that are not obvious to the general investing public about the attractiveness of particular securities. In the course of their work, analysts actively seek out corporate information not generally known to the market for the express purpose of analyzing that information, forming an opinion on its significance, and informing their clients, who can be expected to trade based on the recommendation. Analysts’ initiatives to discover and analyze information and communicate their findings to their clients significantly enhance market efficiency, thus benefiting all investors. Accordingly, violations of Standard II(A) will not result when a perceptive analyst reaches a conclusion about a corporate action or event through an analysis of public information and items of nonmaterial nonpublic information.</p> <p>Investment professionals should note, however, that although analysts are free to use mosaic information in their research reports, they should save and document all their research. Evidence of the analyst’s knowledge of public and nonmaterial nonpublic information about a corporation strengthens the assertion that the analyst reached his or her conclusions solely through appropriate methods rather than through using material nonpublic information.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-5e305080-1803-4dc1-9640-14bc14ed5d64 coh-component-instance-5e305080-1803-4dc1-9640-14bc14ed5d64 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-87a908a55d1e5d667442c30394c5efce coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Social Media </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-500b24b5-2bab-4a27-ba60-d37964176546 coh-component-instance-500b24b5-2bab-4a27-ba60-d37964176546 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-e7eccaf72aff3f0c39ad8bac6ddae0ea coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>The continuous advancement in technology allows members, candidates, and the industry at large to exchange information with increasing speed and efficiency. Members and candidates may use social media platforms to communicate with clients or investors without conflicting with this standard. If the information reaches all clients or is available to the investing public, the use of social media is comparable to other forms of communication.</p> <p>However, it is important for investment professionals to understand the implications of using information from the internet and social media platforms because all such information may not actually be considered public. Some social media platforms require membership in specific groups to access the published content. Members and candidates participating in groups with membership limitations should verify that material information obtained from these sources can also be accessed from a source that would be considered available to the public before using that information.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-06c53824-d45a-494d-a4f9-39b0ffadfa5e coh-component-instance-06c53824-d45a-494d-a4f9-39b0ffadfa5e dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-254b2a49afb4f0d643f879348f582d52 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Using Industry Experts </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-ab7c14cc-c9ca-4b95-9212-8af9e3901a74 coh-component-instance-ab7c14cc-c9ca-4b95-9212-8af9e3901a74 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-64caffdafd3ded3eefd26b8813e312ce coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Members and candidates may engage with outside experts for insights into the complexities of some industries. Businesses have formed to connect analysts and investors with individuals who have specialized knowledge of their industry (e.g., technology or pharmaceuticals). These networks offer investors the opportunity to reach beyond their usual business circles to speak with experts regarding economic conditions, industry trends, and technical issues relating to specific products and services.</p> <p>Members and candidates may provide compensation to individuals for their insights without violating this standard. However, members and candidates are ultimately responsible for ensuring that they are not requesting or acting on confidential information received from external experts, which may violate security regulations and would violate this standard.</p> <p>Firms connecting experts with members or candidates often require both parties to sign agreements concerning the disclosure of material nonpublic information. Even with the protections from such compliance practices, if an expert provides material nonpublic information, members and candidates are prohibited from taking investment actions using this information until the information becomes publicly known to the market.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-19ccd484-212f-4aa4-997b-6dd464f1a706 coh-component-instance-19ccd484-212f-4aa4-997b-6dd464f1a706 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-eeae3c701728a0f5516ad4d46e3d7d85 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Investment Research Reports </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-1ee22a5b-f0fe-483d-a627-a116d139f1eb coh-component-instance-1ee22a5b-f0fe-483d-a627-a116d139f1eb coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-727b484b99895ec2c9edbbeeb78bcd2c coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>When a particularly well-known or respected analyst issues a report or makes changes to his or her recommendation, that information alone may influence the market and thus may be considered material. The analyst is not a company insider, however, and does not have access to inside information. Presumably, the analyst created the report from information available to the public (mosaic theory) and by using his or her expertise to interpret the information. The analyst’s hard work, paid for by the client, generated the conclusions.</p> <p>Simply because the public in general would find the conclusions material does not require that the analyst make his or her work public. Investors who are not clients of the analyst can either do the work themselves or become clients of the analyst to gain access to the analyst’s expertise.</p> </div> <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-6c21586b-65a6-4623-8b54-bccbb851570d coh-component-instance-6c21586b-65a6-4623-8b54-bccbb851570d dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-0abc1a4298eec0072703452a7fab36bd coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Compliance Practices </h2> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-0d5b5b91-6f07-4ba7-9c44-d7db6db10b1a coh-component-instance-0d5b5b91-6f07-4ba7-9c44-d7db6db10b1a dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-582e593e43c530e0c8c922db8f770019 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Achieve Public Dissemination </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-68ad370f-6143-46b1-9bde-5aa0181625e8 coh-component-instance-68ad370f-6143-46b1-9bde-5aa0181625e8 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-d187c9bc5b7bdc9cb4a6da7b32e6e37c coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>If a member or candidate obtains material nonpublic information, the member or candidate should make reasonable efforts to achieve public dissemination of the information. These efforts usually entail encouraging the issuing company to make the information public. If public dissemination is not possible, the member or candidate must communicate the information only to the designated supervisory and compliance personnel within the member’s or candidate’s firm and must not take investment action or alter current investment recommendations based on the information. Moreover, members and candidates must not knowingly engage in any conduct that may induce company insiders to privately disclose material nonpublic information.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-8d9edf7f-d537-42a7-9cf8-c8df9fe0b392 coh-component-instance-8d9edf7f-d537-42a7-9cf8-c8df9fe0b392 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-a2a9c1405bf1aef24e6541f1ff52f629 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Adopt Compliance Procedures </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-656ab2eb-fabe-4098-ba49-add9197e86e9 coh-component-instance-656ab2eb-fabe-4098-ba49-add9197e86e9 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-1ad333260c04ecfa3a3c201353e6328b coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Members and candidates must comply with all compliance procedures adopted by their employer to prevent the misuse of material nonpublic information. Such procedures might address such areas as the review of employee and proprietary trading, the review of investment recommendations, the supervision of interdepartmental communications in multiservice firms, and informing compliance personnel of suspected inappropriate use of material nonpublic information.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-a8c4e24e-e76e-4b3c-8f7a-f222aaa16526 coh-component-instance-a8c4e24e-e76e-4b3c-8f7a-f222aaa16526 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-c8c24194ae410aadb1cee58573c99e80 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Issue Press Releases </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-298e8ebf-a463-4669-bedd-3ff821735ea0 coh-component-instance-298e8ebf-a463-4669-bedd-3ff821735ea0 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-df98284fbe0f9b93c98a6912662636fc coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Members and candidates should encourage companies they follow to issue press releases prior to analyst meetings and conference calls and to script those meetings and calls to decrease the chance that further information will be disclosed. If material nonpublic information is disclosed for the first time in an analyst meeting or call, members and candidates should encourage the company to promptly issue a press release or otherwise make the information publicly available.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-7894bd04-c82e-42c1-bf12-af6ddab4c2f5 coh-component-instance-7894bd04-c82e-42c1-bf12-af6ddab4c2f5 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-228f59c4992189c1911954d802fc9cf8 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Comply with Firewall Restrictions and Procedures </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-956b5a31-dc3a-41eb-b906-0488c602846e coh-component-instance-956b5a31-dc3a-41eb-b906-0488c602846e coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-xl ssa-instance-c65a29a0ea36577dc097ec5278383208 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Members and candidates must adhere to any firewall restrictions adopted by their firm. An information barrier commonly referred to as a “firewall” is the most widely used approach for preventing the communication of material nonpublic information within firms. It restricts the flow of confidential information to those who need to know the information to perform their jobs effectively. Elements of such a system include, but are not limited to, the following:</p> <ul> <li>substantial control of relevant interdepartmental communications, preferably through a clearance area within the firm in either the compliance or legal department;</li> <li>review of employee trading through the maintenance of “watch,” “restricted,” and “rumor” lists;</li> <li>documentation of the procedures designed to limit the flow of information between departments and of the actions taken to enforce those procedures; and</li> <li>heightened review or restriction of proprietary trading while a firm is in possession of material nonpublic information.</li> </ul> <p>There should be no overlap of personnel between the investment banking and corporate finance areas of a brokerage firm and the sales and research departments or between a bank’s commercial lending department and its trust and research departments. For a firewall to be effective in a multiservice firm, an employee should be on only one side of the firewall at any time. Inside knowledge may not be limited to information about a specific offering or the current financial condition of a company. Analysts may be exposed to much information about the company, including new product developments or future budget projections that clearly constitute inside knowledge and thus preclude the analyst from returning to his or her research function. For example, an analyst who follows a particular company may provide limited assistance to the investment bankers under carefully controlled circumstances when the firm’s investment banking department is involved in a deal with the company. That analyst must then be treated as though he or she were an investment banker; the analyst must remain on the investment banking side of the wall until any information he or she learns is publicly disclosed. In short, the analyst cannot use any information learned in the course of the project for research purposes and cannot share that information with colleagues in the research department.</p> <p>A primary objective of an effective firewall procedure is to establish a reporting system in which authorized people review and approve communications between departments. If an employee behind a firewall believes that he or she needs to share confidential information with someone on the other side of the firewall, the employee should consult a designated compliance officer to determine whether sharing the information is necessary and how much information should be shared. If the sharing is necessary, the compliance officer should coordinate the process of “looking over the wall” so that the necessary information will be shared and the integrity of the procedure will be maintained.</p> </div> <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-640ece30-438a-4cda-8355-eb5e34c3ff8d coh-component-instance-640ece30-438a-4cda-8355-eb5e34c3ff8d dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-687b554d2bd016d6a225ddd235463b2b coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Comply with Personal Trading Limitations </h3> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-98864384-b666-44e3-a84b-23b52e5a051f coh-component-instance-98864384-b666-44e3-a84b-23b52e5a051f coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-xl ssa-instance-cdde8cb1846bf45d52fbc99507229d3b coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Members and candidates must comply with their employers’ restrictions or prohibitions on personal trading by employees. Such practices may include firm monitoring of personal trading, mandating periodic reports of personal transactions, and implementing a restricted list and watch list of companies.</p> </div> <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-2dfc7f23-a76d-4f3a-a6c0-bcf60a8063f4 coh-component-instance-2dfc7f23-a76d-4f3a-a6c0-bcf60a8063f4 dark-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg ssa-instance-f332e046729e9e713111d73efedcc9d8 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Application of the Standard </h2> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-206a55c9-bf2c-4764-af9e-5a070b067054 coh-component-instance-206a55c9-bf2c-4764-af9e-5a070b067054 coh-style-margin-bottom-small ssa-instance-468951c66f87983b34fd1d81629b87d1 coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-1a18d56a" > <div class="coh-accordion-tabs" data-metadata-typography="coh-style-paragraph-200" data-metadata-weight data-label-typography="coh-style-headline-500" data-label-weight="coh-style-headline-heavy"> <div class="coh-accordion-tabs-inner coh-accordion-tabs-horizontal-center coh-accordion-tabs-display-accordion-xl coh-style-accordion-tabs-keyline-dark-text coh-ce-cpt_accordion_container-f7edb4e1" data-coh-accordion="{"title":"Accordion container","styles":{"xl":{"accordionOrTab":"accordion","collapsible":true,"startCollapsed":true,"offsetPositionAgainst":"px","scrollToAccordionOffset":100,"animation":"slide","duration":400},"sm":[]},"scrollToAccordion":false,"setHash":true,"horizontalVertical":"horizontal_top","HorizontalPosition":"center_aligned","customStyle":null}"> <ul class="coh-accordion-tabs-nav"></ul> <div class="coh-accordion-tabs-content-wrapper"> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-3470360920" >Example 1 (Acting on Nonpublic Information)</a></div> <div id="230548828-3470360920" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-17dcbae7-41d9-42cb-a513-21b17b75ea15 coh-component-instance-17dcbae7-41d9-42cb-a513-21b17b75ea15" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-dca2d740-4434-4b11-bcac-8cda02dc61ac coh-component-instance-dca2d740-4434-4b11-bcac-8cda02dc61ac coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-5092321d44e8234b52df1ad88b16aeb7 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Barnes, the president and controlling shareholder of the SmartTown clothing chain, decides to accept a tender offer and sell the family business at a price almost double the market price of its shares. He describes this decision to his sister (SmartTown’s treasurer), who conveys it to her daughter (who owns no stock in the family company at present), who tells her husband, Staple. Staple, however, tells his stockbroker, Halsey, who immediately buys SmartTown stock for himself.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-349e935c-f80b-4690-8027-08ab1a3fae83 coh-component-instance-349e935c-f80b-4690-8027-08ab1a3fae83 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-3539aa4b56d96e36521ce487f6253bed coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>The information regarding the pending sale is both material and nonpublic. Staple violated Standard II(A) by communicating the inside information to his broker. Halsey also violated the standard by buying the shares on the basis of material nonpublic information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-3039277768" >Example 2 (Controlling Nonpublic Information)</a></div> <div id="230548828-3039277768" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-900fb5da-9ad1-4ca4-9e62-a4b64fe8491b coh-component-instance-900fb5da-9ad1-4ca4-9e62-a4b64fe8491b" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-399f18a4-3754-46e5-84f3-d813ae013f99 coh-component-instance-399f18a4-3754-46e5-84f3-d813ae013f99 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-da3d5b439c1af22520098ef7904ab622 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Peter, an analyst with Scotland and Pierce Incorporated, is assisting his firm with a secondary offering for Bright Ideas Lamp Company. Peter participates, via video conference call, in a meeting with Scotland and Pierce investment banking employees and Bright Ideas’ CEO. Peter is advised that the company’s earnings projections for the next year have significantly dropped. Throughout the video conference call, several Scotland and Pierce salespeople and portfolio managers walk in and out of Peter’s office, where the call is taking place. As a result, they are aware of the drop in projected earnings for Bright Ideas. Before the call is concluded, firm personnel trade the stock of Bright Ideas Lamp Company on behalf of the firm’s clients and the firm’s proprietary account.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-24783142-0b13-403a-beb5-b40c1210b9c4 coh-component-instance-24783142-0b13-403a-beb5-b40c1210b9c4 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-9c831e4858772c90def527e704cec8c7 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Peter violated Standard II(A) because he failed to prevent the transfer and misuse of material nonpublic information to others in his firm. Peter’s firm should have adopted information barriers to prevent the communication of nonpublic information between departments of the firm. Firm personnel who are members or candidates and who traded on the information also violated Standard II(A) by trading on inside information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-3885740756" >Example 3 (Selective Disclosure of Material Information)</a></div> <div id="230548828-3885740756" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-1935cbb2-ddc2-4c96-9ea5-cc86b83ae8e2 coh-component-instance-1935cbb2-ddc2-4c96-9ea5-cc86b83ae8e2" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-fa72be52-d9b9-4a38-b2e4-8784492c591c coh-component-instance-fa72be52-d9b9-4a38-b2e4-8784492c591c coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-edc9d185b9624d4c2943ffba4032c179 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Levenson is an analyst based in Taipei who covers the Taiwanese market for her firm, which is based in Singapore. She is invited, together with the other 10 largest shareholders of a manufacturing company, to meet the finance director of that company. During the meeting, the finance director states that the company expects its workforce to strike next Friday, which will cripple productivity and distribution. Can Levenson use this information as a basis to change her rating on the company from “buy” to “sell”?</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-a32d543e-3c6f-42c0-bf56-040986695b00 coh-component-instance-a32d543e-3c6f-42c0-bf56-040986695b00 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-3d0401c08a7c385d081b48868b341318 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Levenson must first determine whether the material information is public. According to Standard II(A), if the company has not made this information public (a small group forum does not qualify as a method of public dissemination), she must not use the information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-2504571923" >Example 4 (Determining Materiality)</a></div> <div id="230548828-2504571923" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-d298ab2f-fb4c-41f9-94af-a464bdceea7f coh-component-instance-d298ab2f-fb4c-41f9-94af-a464bdceea7f" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-3901b894-ee30-40f4-a363-3ff0bb02308d coh-component-instance-3901b894-ee30-40f4-a363-3ff0bb02308d coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-a33d127cb18364f75c206bd86d236922 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Fechtman is trying to decide whether to hold or sell shares of an oil-and-gas exploration company that she owns in several of the funds she manages. Although the company has underperformed the index for some time already, the trends in the industry sector signal that companies of this type might become takeover targets. While she is considering her decision, her doctor, who casually follows the markets, mentions that she thinks that the company in question will soon be bought out by a large multinational conglomerate and that it would be a good idea to buy the stock right now. After talking to various investment professionals and checking their opinions on the company, as well as checking industry trends, Fechtman decides the next day to accumulate more stock in the oil-and-gas exploration company.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-96f75c37-a46b-45c8-b3c1-b3107b467254 coh-component-instance-96f75c37-a46b-45c8-b3c1-b3107b467254 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-79b2ce402e2da963d9d0a4fb35577241 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Although information on an expected takeover bid may be generally material and nonpublic, in this case, the source of information is unreliable, so the information cannot be considered material. Therefore, Fechtman is not prohibited from trading the stock based on this information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-499578661" >Example 5 (Applying the Mosaic Theory)</a></div> <div id="230548828-499578661" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-42ca01b0-05fe-404d-96d0-664bb4106238 coh-component-instance-42ca01b0-05fe-404d-96d0-664bb4106238" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-ac372b87-172b-42fb-9cc0-a799b893a06a coh-component-instance-ac372b87-172b-42fb-9cc0-a799b893a06a coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-4ba74b95bb356207e818c0aa6ba8f1c0 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Teja is a buy-side analyst covering the furniture industry. Looking for an attractive company to recommend to clients, he analyzes several furniture makers by studying their financial reports and visiting their operations. He also talks to some designers and retailers to find out which furniture styles are trendy and popular. Although none of the companies that he analyzes are clear buy recommendations, he discovers that one of them, Swan Furniture Company (SFC), may be in financial trouble. SFC’s extravagant new designs have been introduced at substantial cost. Even though these designs initially attracted attention, the public is now buying more conservative furniture from other makers. Based on this information and on a profit-and-loss analysis, Teja believes that SFC’s next-quarter earnings will drop substantially. He issues a sell recommendation for SFC. Immediately after receiving that recommendation, investment managers start reducing the SFC stock in their portfolios.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-dc16057a-f41c-4333-94ae-6ded3ef4bb77 coh-component-instance-dc16057a-f41c-4333-94ae-6ded3ef4bb77 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-020130704c113675e37ffdbe66c39e73 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>While company information on quarterly earnings data is material and nonpublic, Teja based his conclusion about the earnings drop on public information and pieces of nonmaterial nonpublic information (such as opinions of designers and retailers). Therefore, trading based on Teja’s correct conclusion is not prohibited by Standard II(A).</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-3853383398" >Example 6 (Applying the Mosaic Theory)</a></div> <div id="230548828-3853383398" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-5ebe1d5f-7eae-45b5-a297-94b90d778e09 coh-component-instance-5ebe1d5f-7eae-45b5-a297-94b90d778e09" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-23e54a22-3b09-4637-b4ed-bc353bfc0a90 coh-component-instance-23e54a22-3b09-4637-b4ed-bc353bfc0a90 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-8e7a40e80df03164f405c3b07adcda52 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Clement is a senior financial analyst who specializes in the European automobile sector at Rivoli Capital. Because he has been repeatedly nominated by many leading industry magazines and newsletters as a “best analyst” for the automobile industry, he is widely regarded as an authority on the sector. After speaking with representatives of Turgot Chariots—a European auto manufacturer with sales primarily in the Asia-Pacific (APAC) region—and after conducting interviews with salespeople, labor leaders, his firm’s APAC currency analysts, and banking officials, Clement analyzed Turgot Chariots. He concluded that (1) its newly introduced model will probably not meet sales expectations, (2) its corporate restructuring strategy may face serious opposition from unions, (3) the depreciation of the South Korean won should lead to pressure on margins for the industry in general and Turgot’s market segment in particular, and (4) banks could take a tougher-than-expected stance in the upcoming round of credit renegotiations with the company. For these reasons, he changes his conclusion about the company from “market outperform” to “market underperform.” Clement retains the support material used to reach his conclusion in case questions later arise.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-9d734590-52cd-4304-88bd-66e1d6d27a40 coh-component-instance-9d734590-52cd-4304-88bd-66e1d6d27a40 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-1c4f7dba0b7de38b544807f2fcbe5730 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>To reach a conclusion about the value of the company, Clement pieced together a number of nonmaterial or public bits of information that affect Turgot Chariots. Therefore, under the mosaic theory, Clement did not violate Standard II(A) in drafting the report.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-4097525741" >Example 7 (Analyst Recommendations as Material Nonpublic Information)</a></div> <div id="230548828-4097525741" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-cb6b695c-b9cd-4889-bd11-3b0316911333 coh-component-instance-cb6b695c-b9cd-4889-bd11-3b0316911333" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-bc814ecb-d41e-462c-9dd7-2f1c9607c966 coh-component-instance-bc814ecb-d41e-462c-9dd7-2f1c9607c966 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-abfe74187e64e743c32a0d220d365cf5 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>The next day, Clement prepares to be interviewed on a global financial news television program where he will discuss publicly for the first time his changed recommendation on Turgot Chariots. While preparing for the program, he mentions to the show’s producers and Zito, the journalist who will be interviewing him, the information he will discuss. Just prior to going on the air, Zito sells her holdings in Turgot Chariots. She also phones her father with the information because she knows that he and other family members have investments in Turgot Chariots.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-04eae8ef-3d47-4e73-b7a4-f575fa815792 coh-component-instance-04eae8ef-3d47-4e73-b7a4-f575fa815792 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-7dbccdd53b218a144aefdcc80f05894a coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>When Zito receives advance notice of Clement’s change of opinion, she knows it will have a material impact on the stock price, even if she is not aware of Clement’s underlying reasoning. She is not a client of Clement but obtains early access to the material nonpublic information prior to publication. Her trades are based on material nonpublic information; thus, she violated Standard II(A). Zito further violated the standard by relaying the information to her father. It would not matter if he or any other family member traded; the act of providing the information violated Standard II(A).</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-2700152640" >Example 8 (Acting on Nonpublic Information)</a></div> <div id="230548828-2700152640" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-a3155131-812b-4548-aadb-43ef10af7aad coh-component-instance-a3155131-812b-4548-aadb-43ef10af7aad" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-96f2b31f-0789-4f1b-b7f9-54287ec0b939 coh-component-instance-96f2b31f-0789-4f1b-b7f9-54287ec0b939 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-bda5d1463499d373dcbc3352f9383510 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Kellogg is a retired investment professional who manages his own portfolio. He owns shares in National Savings, a large local bank. A close friend, Mayfield, is a senior executive at National. National has seen its stock price drop considerably, and the news and outlook for the bank have not been positive in recent months. In a conversation about the economy and the banking industry, Mayfield relays the information that National will surprise the investment community in a few days when it announces excellent earnings for the quarter. Kellogg is pleasantly surprised by this information, and thinking that Mayfield, as a senior executive, knows the law and would not disclose inside information, he doubles his position in the bank. Subsequently, National announces that it had good operating earnings but had to set aside reserves for anticipated significant losses on its loan portfolio. The combined news causes the stock to go down 60%.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-f0fda939-c074-4bcf-8025-c8b20f1ab2de coh-component-instance-f0fda939-c074-4bcf-8025-c8b20f1ab2de coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-8deda83441ae71aa56a2b34b68d6021a coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Even though Kellogg believes that Mayfield would not break the law by disclosing inside information, Kellogg violated Standard II(A) by purchasing additional shares of National. The fact that he lost money on the purchase does not absolve Kellogg for trading on material nonpublic information. It is the member’s or candidate’s responsibility to make sure, before executing investment actions, that comments about earnings are not material nonpublic information.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-2219999291" >Example 9 (Materiality Determination)</a></div> <div id="230548828-2219999291" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-b2299c84-1cd3-43bc-b626-135238bc8b12 coh-component-instance-b2299c84-1cd3-43bc-b626-135238bc8b12" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-7d10bde9-1e8c-4c81-8366-26610e2caa17 coh-component-instance-7d10bde9-1e8c-4c81-8366-26610e2caa17 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-8bcf23b8d783e9778ee680291fdeaf11 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Nadler, a trader for a mutual fund, gets a text message from another firm’s trader, whom he has known for years. The message indicates that the trader believes a particular software company is going to report strong earnings when the firm publicly announces in two days. Nadler has a buy order from a portfolio manager within his firm to purchase several hundred thousand shares of the stock. Nadler is aggressive in placing the portfolio manager’s order and completes the purchases by the following morning, a day ahead of the firm’s planned earnings announcement.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-702e3e6a-ea05-42d5-bc6d-25068651fe4f coh-component-instance-702e3e6a-ea05-42d5-bc6d-25068651fe4f coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-4889add5d5bc6cc90f0f74381fcf5b08 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>There are often rumors and whisper numbers before a release of any kind. The text message from the other trader would most likely be considered market noise. Unless Nadler knew that the trader had an ongoing business relationship with the public firm, he had no reason to suspect he was receiving material nonpublic information that would prevent him from completing the trading request of the portfolio manager.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-1912772961" >Example 10 (Using an Expert Network)</a></div> <div id="230548828-1912772961" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-61421247-acd7-4e60-9c52-b8b961fd4aba coh-component-instance-61421247-acd7-4e60-9c52-b8b961fd4aba" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-a7ffc21b-5318-4252-bf1f-76dc2df41286 coh-component-instance-a7ffc21b-5318-4252-bf1f-76dc2df41286 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-9f161168a59f787b66f570582f40c01a coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>McCoy is the senior drug analyst at a mutual fund. Her firm hires a service that connects her to experts in the treatment of cancer. Through various phone conversations, McCoy enhances her understanding of the latest therapies for successful treatment. This information is critical to McCoy for making informed recommendations of the companies producing these drugs.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-89b3ff50-4d84-433b-a4c8-af4309334cf7 coh-component-instance-89b3ff50-4d84-433b-a4c8-af4309334cf7 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-ffbae92e39f83f297fc012612fb45281 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>McCoy is appropriately using the expert networks to enhance her evaluation process. She neither asked for nor received information that may be considered material and nonpublic, such as preliminary trial results. McCoy is allowed to seek advice from professionals within the industry that she follows.</p> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-accordion-title" data-coh-tab-settings='[]'><a href="#230548828-91861445" >Example 11 (Using an Expert Network)</a></div> <div id="230548828-91861445" class="coh-accordion-tabs-content ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-312e32df-b074-4315-adfa-6b75f3c89a43 coh-component-instance-312e32df-b074-4315-adfa-6b75f3c89a43" data-accordion-metadata> <div class="coh-container coh-style-equal-padding--md" > <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-312800e7-b835-4c09-afa9-e94c880bb80f coh-component-instance-312800e7-b835-4c09-afa9-e94c880bb80f coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-c9d409d1455e3f462e4b42cbc687697d coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p>Watson is a research analyst working for a hedge fund. To stay informed, Watson relies on outside experts for information on such industries as technology and pharmaceuticals, where new advancements occur frequently. The meetings with the industry experts often are arranged through networks or placement agents that have specific policies and procedures in place to deter the exchange of material nonpublic information. Watson arranges a call to discuss future prospects for one of the fund’s existing technology company holdings, a company that was testing a new semiconductor product. The scientist leading the tests indicates his disappointment with the performance of the new semiconductor. Following the call, Watson relays the insights he received to others at the fund. The fund sells its current position in the company and buys many put options because the market is anticipating the success of the new semiconductor and the share price reflects the market’s optimism.</p> </div> <div class="coh-wysiwyg ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-88dbb3e3-399f-4d19-a82c-6171b3211e14 coh-component-instance-88dbb3e3-399f-4d19-a82c-6171b3211e14 coh-style-text-color-light-background coh-style-padding-small coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-ac0dba4107bc954541c68ad0ae6f6022 coh-ce-cpt_text-e4a5f5e1" > <p><strong>Outcome: </strong>Watson violated Standard II(A) by passing along material nonpublic information concerning the ongoing product tests, which the fund used to trade in the securities and options of the related company. Watson cannot simply rely on the agreements signed by individuals who participate in expert networks that state that he has not received information that would prohibit his trading activity. He must make his own determination whether information he received through these arrangements reaches a materiality threshold that would influence his trading.</p> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-column coh-ce-a02a2a91 coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps-12 coh-col-ps-push-0 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm-4 coh-col-sm-push-0 coh-visible-md coh-col-md-3 coh-col-md-push-0 coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-3 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0 coh-col-xl-offset-0" > <div class="coh-container coh-style-sticky-sidebar" > <div> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-7fb8db4e-e9f3-46d5-b651-15cfc02f2082 coh-component-instance-7fb8db4e-e9f3-46d5-b651-15cfc02f2082 match-height No ssa-instance-89805f15d82f7d3500ec7ba8a8ebdf73 coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b " > <h3 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-bcbbff20-5dec-4992-8e4a-6655ce81dbe1 coh-component-instance-bcbbff20-5dec-4992-8e4a-6655ce81dbe1 coh-style-headline-500 light-heading align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-lg coh-style-headline-heavy ssa-instance-d807c7f26785433737d865c899eaf71f coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Test your understanding of Standard II(A) </h3> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-d8c22825-272d-41ca-880a-d0c6554e68ce coh-component-instance-d8c22825-272d-41ca-880a-d0c6554e68ce ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3 coh-ce-cpt_link-480bb5f4" > <a href="https://www.classmarker.com/online-test/start/?quiz=nqx5d4340ac3e98b" class="coh-link coh_buttons_item full-width coh-style-link-button-neutral coh-style-text-color-dark-background ssa-instance-2eb470c3249ae75e8edad37e3789d1c3 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d08" target="_blank" > Take the test <span class="coh-inline-element coh-style-screen-reader-only coh-ce-cpt_link-a586471a1 coh-ce-cpt_link-a586471a"> (link opens in new window)</span> </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-container coh-ce-9211d01b" > <div> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-style-text-color-dark-background ssa-instance-a069ba75c9ac30c9169eb787ffb57c8f coh-ce-cpt_promotional_banner-cbde0357" > <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 ssa-instance-795c3f34c637555b5fb554334910d7da coh-ce-cpt_2_column_layout-228dfee8" > <div class="coh-container coh-container-boxed" > <div class="coh-row coh-row-xl coh-row-visible-xl" data-coh-row-match-heights="[]"> <div class="coh-row-inner ssa-instance-795c3f34c637555b5fb554334910d7da coh-ce-cpt_2_column_layout-8364854d"> <div class="coh-column ssa-instance-795c3f34c637555b5fb554334910d7da coh-ce-cpt_2_column_layout-1f4e3db coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps-12 coh-col-ps-push-0 coh-col-ps-pull-0 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm-12 coh-col-sm-push-0 coh-col-sm-pull-0 coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-7 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0" > <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 match-height No ssa-instance-4b2fbdc6347a1e83056f66df2347c9cc coh-ce-cpt_container-ba3cd04b" > <div class="coh-container coh-ce-cpt_container-fe57b20b " > <h2 class="coh-heading ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-style-headline-200 coh-style-text-color-dark-background align-text-left coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-e26d735a003c5d4a5726168cabae3f11 coh-ce-cpt_heading-b45c50fc" > Want to learn more about Codes and Standards? </h2> <span class="coh-inline-element ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-style-paragraph-100 coh-style-text-color-dark-background coh-style-cfa-margin-bottom-md ssa-instance-1d294a55f5b95c1d8500df194fc19841 coh-ce-cpt_text-ccc8ea09">Explore the CFA Institute's Code of Ethics and Professional Conduct. Access essential guidance to maintain the highest standards in the financial industry.</span> <div class="coh-container ssa-component coh-component ssa-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 coh-component-instance-76809282-ff12-4e22-9b49-ead7c34128c5 ssa-instance-71489affbbbaaa3e31a926a9197578b8 coh-ce-cpt_link-480bb5f4" > <a href="/standards/professionals/code-ethics-standards" class="coh-link coh_buttons_item coh-style-link-button-neutral-secondary coh-style-text-color-dark-background ssa-instance-71489affbbbaaa3e31a926a9197578b8 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d081 coh-ce-cpt_link-5dc08d08" target="_self" > Learn more </a> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="coh-column ssa-instance-795c3f34c637555b5fb554334910d7da coh-ce-cpt_2_column_layout-ecfef6d5 coh-visible-ps coh-col-ps- coh-col-ps-push-0 coh-col-ps-pull-0 coh-visible-sm coh-col-sm- coh-col-sm-push- coh-col-sm-pull- coh-visible-xl coh-col-xl-4 coh-col-xl-push-0 coh-col-xl-pull-0" > <div class="coh-container 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