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class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.1</span> <span>Pertinence and encyclopedic nature</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Ethnic_groups" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Ethnic_groups"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.2</span> <span>Ethnic groups</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Ethnic_groups-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Image_quality" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_quality"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.3</span> <span>Image quality</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_quality-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.4</span> <span>Avoid presenting textual information as images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Scale_references" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Scale_references"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.5</span> <span>Scale references</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Scale_references-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Offensive_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Offensive_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.6</span> <span>Offensive images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Offensive_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Images_for_the_lead" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Images_for_the_lead"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1.7</span> <span>Images for the lead</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Images_for_the_lead-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-How_to_place_an_image" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#How_to_place_an_image"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>How to place an image</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-How_to_place_an_image-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle How to place an image subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-How_to_place_an_image-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Syntax" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Syntax"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Syntax</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Syntax-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-VR_photographs" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#VR_photographs"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1.1</span> <span>VR photographs</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-VR_photographs-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Location" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Location"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3</span> <span>Location</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Location-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Portrait" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Portrait"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.1</span> <span>Portrait</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Portrait-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References_from_article_text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References_from_article_text"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.3.2</span> <span>References from article text</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References_from_article_text-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Inline_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Inline_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.4</span> <span>Inline images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Inline_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Making_images_available" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Making_images_available"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Making images available</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Making_images_available-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Making images available subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Making_images_available-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Obtaining_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Obtaining_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1</span> <span>Obtaining images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Obtaining_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Finding_images_already_uploaded" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finding_images_already_uploaded"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.1</span> <span>Finding images already uploaded</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finding_images_already_uploaded-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Making_images_yourself" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Making_images_yourself"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.2</span> <span>Making images yourself</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Making_images_yourself-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Finding_images_on_the_Internet" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Finding_images_on_the_Internet"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.3</span> <span>Finding images on the Internet</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Finding_images_on_the_Internet-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Requesting_images_from_others" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Requesting_images_from_others"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.1.4</span> <span>Requesting images from others</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Requesting_images_from_others-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Editing_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Editing_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.2</span> <span>Editing images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Editing_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Uploading_images" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Uploading_images"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3</span> <span>Uploading images</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Uploading_images-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Image_description_pages" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-3"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Image_description_pages"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.3.1</span> <span>Image description pages</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Image_description_pages-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Consideration_of_image_download_size" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Consideration_of_image_download_size"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3.4</span> <span>Consideration of image download size</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Consideration_of_image_download_size-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>See also</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Notes</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-namespace">Wikipedia</span><span class="mw-page-title-separator">:</span><span class="mw-page-title-main">Manual of Style/Images</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 39 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-39" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">39 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Beelde" title="Wikipedia:Beelde – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Wikipedia:Beelde" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B3%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AF%D8%A9:%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1" title="مساعدة:صور – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="مساعدة:صور" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%89%E0%A6%87%E0%A6%95%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A1%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%AF%E0%A6%BC%E0%A6%BE:%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%88%E0%A6%B2%E0%A7%80_%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%B0%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%A6%E0%A7%87%E0%A6%B6%E0%A6%A8%E0%A6%BE/%E0%A6%9A%E0%A6%BF%E0%A6%A4%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%B0" title="উইকিপিডিয়া:রচনাশৈলী নির্দেশনা/চিত্র – Bangla" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="উইকিপিডিয়া:রচনাশৈলী নির্দেশনা/চিত্র" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="Bangla" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A3%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%8F:%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Уикипедия:Картинки – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Уикипедия:Картинки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bar mw-list-item"><a href="https://bar.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Bilder" title="Hilfe:Bilder – Bavarian" lang="bar" hreflang="bar" data-title="Hilfe:Bilder" data-language-autonym="Boarisch" data-language-local-name="Bavarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Boarisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Slike" title="Wikipedia:Slike – Bosnian" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Wikipedia:Slike" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="Bosnian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ajuda:%C3%9As_d%27imatges" title="Ajuda:Ús d'imatges – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Ajuda:Ús d'imatges" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A1pov%C4%9Bda:Obr%C3%A1zky" title="Nápověda:Obrázky – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nápověda:Obrázky" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilfe:Bilder" title="Hilfe:Bilder – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Hilfe:Bilder" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-dsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://dsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Wobraze" title="Pomoc:Wobraze – Lower Sorbian" lang="dsb" hreflang="dsb" data-title="Pomoc:Wobraze" data-language-autonym="Dolnoserbski" data-language-local-name="Lower Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dolnoserbski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ayuda:Im%C3%A1genes" title="Ayuda:Imágenes – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Ayuda:Imágenes" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikipedio:Kiel_uzi_bildojn" title="Vikipedio:Kiel uzi bildojn – Esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Vikipedio:Kiel uzi bildojn" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="Esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laguntza:Irudiak" title="Laguntza:Irudiak – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Laguntza:Irudiak" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aide:Ins%C3%A9rer_une_image" title="Aide:Insérer une image – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Aide:Insérer une image" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedy:Ofbylden" title="Wikipedy:Ofbylden – Western Frisian" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Wikipedy:Ofbylden" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="Western Frisian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%9C%84%ED%82%A4%EB%B0%B1%EA%B3%BC:%EA%B7%B8%EB%A6%BC_%EC%82%AC%EC%9A%A9%ED%95%98%EA%B8%B0" title="위키백과:그림 사용하기 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="위키백과:그림 사용하기" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hsb mw-list-item"><a href="https://hsb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomoc:Wobrazy" title="Pomoc:Wobrazy – Upper Sorbian" lang="hsb" hreflang="hsb" data-title="Pomoc:Wobrazy" data-language-autonym="Hornjoserbsce" data-language-local-name="Upper Sorbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hornjoserbsce</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedija:Slike" title="Wikipedija:Slike – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Wikipedija:Slike" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Pedoman_gaya/Gambar" title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Gambar – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Wikipedia:Pedoman gaya/Gambar" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aiuto:Markup_immagini" title="Aiuto:Markup immagini – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Aiuto:Markup immagini" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A2%D7%96%D7%A8%D7%94:%D7%A2%D7%99%D7%A6%D7%95%D7%91_%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%95%D7%AA" title="עזרה:עיצוב תמונות – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="עזרה:עיצוב תמונות" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lb mw-list-item"><a href="https://lb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Biller" title="Wikipedia:Biller – Luxembourgish" lang="lb" hreflang="lb" data-title="Wikipedia:Biller" data-language-autonym="Lëtzebuergesch" data-language-local-name="Luxembourgish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lëtzebuergesch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%92%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%98%D0%B0:%D0%A1%D0%BB%D0%B8%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Википедија:Слики – Macedonian" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Википедија:Слики" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="Macedonian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%88%D9%8A%D9%83%D9%8A%D8%A8%D9%8A%D8%AF%D9%8A%D8%A7:%D8%B7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D9%82%D8%A9_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%83%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A8%D9%87/%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%B1" title="ويكيبيديا:طريقة الكتابه/صور – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="ويكيبيديا:طريقة الكتابه/صور" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Help:Gebruik_van_bestanden" 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For wider information about images on Wikipedia, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Images" title="Wikipedia:Images">Wikipedia:Images</a>.</div> <p class="mw-empty-elt"> </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238436933">.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 0;border-collapse:collapse;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;background-color:var(--background-color-neutral-subtle,#f8f9fa);box-sizing:border-box;color:var(--color-base,#202122)}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{border:2px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ombox-delete{border:2px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ombox-content{border:1px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ombox-style{border:1px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ombox-move{border:1px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ombox-protection{border:2px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.9em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.9em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.9em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ombox .mbox-invalid-type{text-align:center}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ombox{margin:4px 10%}.mw-parser-output .ombox.mbox-small{clear:right;float:right;margin:4px 0 4px 1em;width:238px}}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output table.ombox img{max-width:none!important}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .ombox-speedy{background-color:#310402}}</style><table class="plainlinks ombox ombox-notice" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><span typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/30px-Blue_check.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="30" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/45px-Blue_check.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/eb/Blue_check.svg/60px-Blue_check.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600"/></span></span></td><td class="mbox-text"><div style="padding-top: 6px; padding-bottom: 5px;"><b>This <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines#guide" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">guideline</a> is a part of the English Wikipedia's <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a>.</b><br/><div style="font-size: 90%;"> It is a generally accepted standard that editors should attempt to follow, though <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">occasional exceptions</a> may apply. 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When in doubt, discuss first on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Images" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Images">talk page</a>.</div></div></td><td class="mbox-imageright"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1252059228">.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain{float:right;margin:0 0 0 1em;border:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);background-color:var(--background-color-base,#fff);padding:0.3em 0.6em 0.2em 0.6em;text-align:center;font-size:85%}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxleft{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutlist{display:inline-block;border-bottom:1px solid var(--border-color-base,#a2a9b1);margin-bottom:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutboxplain ul{font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .module-shortcutanchordiv{position:relative;top:-3em}.mw-parser-output li .module-shortcutanchordiv{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mbox-imageright .module-shortcutboxplain{padding:0.4em 1em 0.4em 1em;line-height:1.3;margin:0}</style><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IMAGES"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1126788409">.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul{line-height:inherit;list-style:none;margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .plainlist ol li,.mw-parser-output .plainlist ul li{margin-bottom:0}</style><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGES&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGES</a></span></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist 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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1246091330"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks hlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style (MoS)</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-inputbox-input mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="" size="25" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"/><br/><input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Images</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Stand-alone_lists" title="Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)">By topic area</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="background-color: transparent; color: var( --color-base ); border-collapse:collapse; border-spacing:0px; border:none; width:100%; margin:0px; font-size:100%; clear:none; float:none"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul></td> </tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading"> <a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a>)</li></ul></div></div></td> </tr></tbody></table></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background-color: #def; color:black; padding-left: 2px;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></li></ul></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Style" title="Template:Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Style" title="Template talk:Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>This page gives an overview of how images are used in Wikipedia; for more information, see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use policy</a> and see <a href="/wiki/Help:Files" title="Help:Files">Help:Files</a> on how to upload and include an image. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc"/> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Choosing_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Choosing_images"></span>Choosing images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Choosing_images"></span></h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature" data-mw-thread-id="h-Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature-Choosing_images"></span>Pertinence and encyclopedic nature<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IMAGEREL"></span><span id="MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE"></span><span id="MOS:PERTINENCE"></span><span id="MOS:IRELEV"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGEREL&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGEREL</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGERELEVANCE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PERTINENCE&redirect=no">MOS:PERTINENCE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IRELEV&redirect=no">MOS:IRELEV</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:APEC_Police_Helicopter,_Opera_House,_2_Sept_2007.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Top of an unrecognizable curvy building under blue sky with a helicopter so far in the distance that it resembles a sparrow" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/APEC_Police_Helicopter%2C_Opera_House%2C_2_Sept_2007.JPG/180px-APEC_Police_Helicopter%2C_Opera_House%2C_2_Sept_2007.JPG" decoding="async" width="180" height="135" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/APEC_Police_Helicopter%2C_Opera_House%2C_2_Sept_2007.JPG/270px-APEC_Police_Helicopter%2C_Opera_House%2C_2_Sept_2007.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/19/APEC_Police_Helicopter%2C_Opera_House%2C_2_Sept_2007.JPG/360px-APEC_Police_Helicopter%2C_Opera_House%2C_2_Sept_2007.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536"/></a><figcaption>This image of a <a href="/wiki/Helicopter" title="Helicopter">helicopter</a> over the <a href="/wiki/Sydney_Opera_House" title="Sydney Opera House">Sydney Opera House</a> shows neither adequately.</figcaption></figure> <p>Images must be significant and relevant in the topic's context, not primarily decorative. They are often an important <a href="/wiki/Multimedia_learning" class="mw-redirect" title="Multimedia learning">illustrative aid</a> to understanding. When possible, find better images and improve captions instead of simply removing poor or inappropriate ones, especially on pages with few visuals. However, not every article needs images, and too many can be distracting. </p><p><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1033199720">.mw-parser-output div.crossreference{padding-left:0}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">See also <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons#Encyclopedic_purpose" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons § Encyclopedic purpose</a> (<a href="/wiki/MOS:DECOR" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:DECOR">MOS:DECOR</a>) on misuse of icons and other elements for decorative intent.</span> </p><p>Images should <em>look like</em> what they are meant to illustrate, whether or not they are provably authentic. For example, a painting of a cupcake may be an acceptable image for <a href="/wiki/Cupcake" title="Cupcake">Cupcake</a>, but a real cupcake that has been decorated to look like something else entirely is less appropriate. Similarly, an image of a generic-looking cell under a <a href="/wiki/Light_microscope" class="mw-redirect" title="Light microscope">light microscope</a> might be useful on multiple articles, as long as there are no <em>visible</em> differences between the cell in the image and the typical appearance of the cell being illustrated. </p><p>Strive for variety. For example, in an article with numerous images of persons (e.g. <a href="/wiki/Running" title="Running">Running</a>), seek to depict a variety of ages, genders, and ethnicities. If an article on a military officer already shows its subject in uniform, then two more formal in-uniform portraits would add little interest or information, but a map of an important battle and an image of its aftermath would be more informative. Resist the temptation to overwhelm an article with images of marginal value simply because many images are available. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Ethnic_groups" data-mw-thread-id="h-Ethnic_groups-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Ethnic_groups-Choosing_images"></span>Ethnic groups<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Ethnic_groups-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="NOETHNICGALLERIES"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"></p><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:NOETHNICGALLERIES"></span><span id="MOS:PEOPLEGALLERY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:NOETHNICGALLERIES&redirect=no">MOS:NOETHNICGALLERIES</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PEOPLEGALLERY&redirect=no">MOS:PEOPLEGALLERY</a></span></li></ul></div></div><p>Articles about ethnic groups or similarly large human populations should not be illustrated by a <a href="/wiki/Photomontage" title="Photomontage">photomontage</a> or <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial#Galleries" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">gallery of images</a> of group members; see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia_talk:Manual_of_Style/Images/Archive_6" title="Wikipedia talk:Manual of Style/Images/Archive 6">this</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators%27_noticeboard/Archive278#RfC_close_review_please?" title="Wikipedia:Administrators' noticeboard/Archive278">this</a> thread for the most recent consensus discussion on the topic. </p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Image_quality" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_quality-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_quality-Choosing_images"></span>Image quality<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_quality-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IMAGEQUALITY"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGEQUALITY&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGEQUALITY</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Use the best quality images available. Poor-quality images—dark or blurry; showing the subject too small, hidden in clutter, or ambiguous; and so on—should not be used unless absolutely necessary. Think carefully about which images best illustrate the subject matter. For example: </p> <ul><li>An image of a <a href="/wiki/White-tailed_eagle" title="White-tailed eagle">white-tailed eagle</a> is useless if the bird appears as a speck in the sky.</li> <li>A biography should lead with a <a href="/wiki/Portrait" title="Portrait">portrait</a> photograph of the subject alone, not with other people.</li> <li>A suitable picture of a <a href="/wiki/Hammerhead_shark" title="Hammerhead shark">hammerhead shark</a> would show its distinctive hammer-like head, to distinguish it from other sharks.</li> <li>A map of <a href="/wiki/Moldova" title="Moldova">Moldova</a> should show its frontiers with <a href="/wiki/Romania" title="Romania">Romania</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ukraine" title="Ukraine">Ukraine</a>, so people may know where the country is located in relation to its neighbors.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">Rice</a> is best represented with an image of plain <a href="/wiki/Rice" title="Rice">rice</a>, not <a href="/wiki/Fried_rice" title="Fried rice">fried rice</a>.</li> <li>Intangible concepts can be illustrated; for example, two boars butting heads portrays <a href="/wiki/Aggression" title="Aggression">aggression</a>.</li></ul> <p>Pages using seals, flags, banners, logos, or other symbols to represent governments, organizations, and institutions should use the version prescribed by that entity when available. These are preferable to amateur creations of similar quality, including photographs of physical representations of emblems. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images-Choosing_images"></span>Avoid presenting textual information as images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Avoid_presenting_textual_information_as_images-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Avoid_entering_textual_information_as_images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Wikipedia:Manual of Style § Avoid entering textual information as images</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Scale_references" data-mw-thread-id="h-Scale_references-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Scale_references-Choosing_images"></span>Scale references<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Scale_references-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="WP:FIDUCIAL"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Wikipedia:FIDUCIAL&redirect=no">WP:FIDUCIAL</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>An image sometimes includes a familiar object to communicate scale. Such <i><a href="/wiki/Fiducial_marker" title="Fiducial marker">fiducial markers</a></i> should be as culturally universal and standardized as possible: <a href="/wiki/Ruler" title="Ruler">rulers</a>, <a href="/wiki/Match" title="Match">matches</a>, <a href="/wiki/Battery_(electricity)" class="mw-redirect" title="Battery (electricity)">batteries</a>, <a href="/wiki/Pen" title="Pen">pens</a>/<a href="/wiki/Pencil" title="Pencil">pencils</a>, <a href="/wiki/Soda_can" class="mw-redirect" title="Soda can">soda cans</a>, <a href="/wiki/Football_(ball)" title="Football (ball)">footballs</a> (soccer balls), people and their body parts, vehicles, and famous structures such as the <a href="/wiki/Eiffel_Tower" title="Eiffel Tower">Eiffel Tower</a> are good choices, but many others are possible. Such objects as coins, banknotes, and sheets of paper are less satisfactory because they are specific to given locales, but may be better than none at all since at least the general scale is still communicated. </p><p>Quantitative data, if available, should still be given in the caption or the article. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1248256098">@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{width:100%!important}}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery{display:table}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-default{background:transparent;margin-top:4px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-center{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-left{float:left}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-right{float:right}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-none{float:none}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery-collapsible{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer{display:table-row}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div{display:table-cell;padding:0 4px 4px;text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .main>div{display:table-cell}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallery{line-height:1.35em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div{display:table-cell;padding:4px;text-align:right;font-size:85%;line-height:1em}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .title>div *,.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .footer>div *{overflow:visible}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .gallerybox img{background:none!important}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .bordered-images .thumb img{border:solid var(--background-color-neutral,#eaecf0)1px}.mw-parser-output .mod-gallery .whitebg .thumb{background:var(--background-color-base,#fff)!important}</style><div class="mod-gallery mod-gallery-default mod-gallery-center"><div class="main"><div><ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional nochecker bordered-images whitebg"> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Tick_male_size_comparison_(aka).jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="A tick (with a matchstick for scale)"><img alt="A tick (with a matchstick for scale)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tick_male_size_comparison_%28aka%29.jpg/160px-Tick_male_size_comparison_%28aka%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="96" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tick_male_size_comparison_%28aka%29.jpg/240px-Tick_male_size_comparison_%28aka%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Tick_male_size_comparison_%28aka%29.jpg/320px-Tick_male_size_comparison_%28aka%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="479"/></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">A <a href="/wiki/Tick" title="Tick">tick</a> (with a <a href="/wiki/Match" title="Match">matchstick</a> for scale)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Ammunition (with an AA battery)"><img alt="Ammunition (with an AA battery)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg/160px-7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg" decoding="async" width="160" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg/240px-7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/31/7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg/320px-7.62x51_and_5.56x45_bullet_cartridges_compared_to_AA_battery.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1592" data-file-height="1676"/></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext">Ammunition (with an <a href="/wiki/AA_battery" title="AA battery">AA battery</a>)</div> </li> <li class="gallerybox" style="width: 195px"> <div class="thumb" style="width: 190px; height: 200px;"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emu_size.png" class="mw-file-description" title="Emus (with a human silhouette and scale in meters)"><img alt="Emus (with a human silhouette and scale in meters)" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emu_size.png/139px-Emu_size.png" decoding="async" width="139" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emu_size.png/208px-Emu_size.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e5/Emu_size.png/278px-Emu_size.png 2x" data-file-width="980" data-file-height="1200"/></a></span></div> <div class="gallerytext"><a href="/wiki/Emu" title="Emu">Emus</a> (with a human silhouette and scale in meters)</div> </li> </ul></div></div></div> <div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Offensive_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Offensive_images-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Offensive_images-Choosing_images"></span>Offensive images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Offensive_images-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:OMIMG"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:OMIMG&redirect=no">MOS:OMIMG</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main page: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Offensive_material" title="Wikipedia:Offensive material">Wikipedia:Offensive material</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_blacklist" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Image blacklist">Wikipedia:Image blacklist</a></div><figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image"><img resource="/wiki/File:MUTCD_R1-1.svg" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MUTCD_R1-1.svg/100px-MUTCD_R1-1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="100" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MUTCD_R1-1.svg/150px-MUTCD_R1-1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c0/MUTCD_R1-1.svg/200px-MUTCD_R1-1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="2880" data-file-height="2880"/></a><figcaption><b><a href="/wiki/Help:Options_to_hide_an_image" title="Help:Options to hide an image">Options to hide an image</a></b></figcaption></figure> <p><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not#Wikipedia_is_not_censored" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">Wikipedia is not censored</a>: its mission is to present information, including information which some may find offensive. However, a potentially offensive image—one that would be considered vulgar, horrifying, or obscene by typical Wikipedia readers<sup id="cite_ref-typical_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-typical-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>—should be included only if it is treated in an encyclopedic manner, i.e. only if its omission would cause the article to be less informative, relevant, or accurate, and no equally suitable alternative is available. Images should respect conventional expectations of readers for a given topic as much as is possible without sacrificing the quality of the article. Avoid images that contain irrelevant or extraneous elements that might seem offensive or harassing to readers; for example, photographs taken in a pornographic context would normally be inappropriate for articles about <a href="/wiki/Human_anatomy" class="mw-redirect" title="Human anatomy">human anatomy</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Images_for_the_lead" data-mw-thread-id="h-Images_for_the_lead-Choosing_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Images_for_the_lead-Choosing_images"></span>Images for the lead<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Images_for_the_lead-Choosing_images"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:LEADIMAGE"></span><span id="MOS:IMAGELEAD"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:LEADIMAGE&redirect=no">MOS:LEADIMAGE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGELEAD&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGELEAD</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section#Elements" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section § Elements</a></div> <p>It is common for an article's lead or infobox to carry a representative image—such as of a person or place, a book or album cover—to give readers visual confirmation that they've arrived at the right page. </p><p>For some topics, selecting the lead image can be difficult. While Wikipedia is not censored, lead images should be selected with care <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(see <a href="#Offensive_images">§ Offensive images</a>, above)</span>. The lead image is perhaps the first thing to catch the reader's eye, so avoid lead images that readers would not expect to see there. Unlike other content beyond the lead, the lead image should be chosen with these considerations in mind. </p><p>Advice on selecting a lead image includes: </p> <ul><li>Lead images should be natural<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>a<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and appropriate representations of the topic; they should not only illustrate the topic specifically, but also be the type of image used for similar purposes in high-quality reference works, and therefore what our readers will expect to see. Lead images are not required, and not having a lead image may be the best solution if there is no easy representation of the topic.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="SHOCK"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SHOCK"></span><span id="MOS:SHOCKVALUE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SHOCK&redirect=no">MOS:SHOCK</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SHOCKVALUE&redirect=no">MOS:SHOCKVALUE</a></span></li></ul></div></div>Lead images should be of least shock value; an alternative image that accurately represents the topic without shock value should always be preferred. For example, using an image of deportees being subjected to selection as the lead image at <a href="/wiki/Special:PermanentLink/1192743397" title="Special:PermanentLink/1192743397">this version</a> of <a href="/wiki/The_Holocaust" title="The Holocaust">The Holocaust</a> is far preferable to the appropriate images that appear later in the article that show the treatment of the prisoners or corpses from the camps.</li> <li>Sometimes it is impossible to avoid using a lead image with perceived shock value, for example in articles on human genitalia. Editors may assume, per <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Content_disclaimer" title="Wikipedia:Content disclaimer">Wikipedia:Content disclaimer</a>, that readers are aware that such articles may contain such images.</li> <li>Using photomontages or a gallery of images of group members <a href="#Pertinence_and_encyclopedic_nature">should be avoided</a> in articles about ethnic groups or similarly large human populations. This does not apply to articles about things such as body parts or haircuts.</li> <li>On some mobile platforms an article's first image may be displayed at the top of the article, even if it appears well into the article in the desktop view. When placing images consider whether this phenomenon may mislead or confuse readers using mobile devices.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="How_to_place_an_image" data-mw-thread-id="h-How_to_place_an_image"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-How_to_place_an_image"></span>How to place an image<span data-mw-comment-end="h-How_to_place_an_image"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IMGSYN"></span><span id="MOS:IMAGESYNTAX"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMGSYN&redirect=no">MOS:IMGSYN</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGESYNTAX&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGESYNTAX</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility#Images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility § Images</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Wikipedia:Picture tutorial</a></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Syntax" data-mw-thread-id="h-Syntax-How_to_place_an_image"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Syntax-How_to_place_an_image"></span><span class="anchor" id="Image_syntax"></span>Syntax<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Syntax-How_to_place_an_image"></span></h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white dog in a harness playfully nuzzles a young boy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg/220px-Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="209" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg/330px-Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg/440px-Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="711"/></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Husky" title="Siberian Husky">Siberian Husky</a> used as a pack animal</figcaption></figure> <p><i>Basic example (producing the image at right):</i> </p> <blockquote class="example example-block" style="font-family: Georgia, 'DejaVu Serif', serif; color: var(--color-content-added, #006400);"><p><code>[[File:Siberian Husky pho.jpg|thumb|alt=A white dog in a harness playfully nuzzles a young boy |A [[Siberian Husky]] used as a pack animal]]</code></p></blockquote> <ul><li><code>File:Siberian Husky pho.jpg</code> The file (image) name must be exact (including capitalization, punctuation and spacing) and must include <code>.jpg</code>, <code>.png</code> or other extension. (<code>Image:</code> and <code>File:</code> work the same.) If Wikipedia and Wikimedia Commons both have an image with the specified name, the Wikipedia version is the one that will appear in the article.</li> <li><code>thumb</code> is required in most cases</li> <li><code>alt=A white dog in a harness playfully nuzzles a young boy</code> Alt text is meant for those who cannot see the image; unlike the caption, it summarizes the image's <em>appearance</em>. It should comport with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility/Alternative_text_for_images" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility/Alternative text for images</a> and should name famous events, people and things.</li> <li><code>A [[Siberian Husky]] used as a pack animal</code> The <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">caption</a> comes last, and gives the meaning or significance of the image.</li></ul> <p>See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">WP:Extended image syntax</a> for further features and options. If the image does not display after you have carefully checked the syntax, it may have been <a href="/wiki/MediaWiki:Bad_image_list" title="MediaWiki:Bad image list">blacklisted</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="VR_photographs" data-mw-thread-id="h-VR_photographs-Syntax"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-VR_photographs-Syntax"></span>VR photographs<span data-mw-comment-end="h-VR_photographs-Syntax"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:360"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:360&redirect=no">MOS:360</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>To display <a href="/wiki/VR_photograph" class="mw-redirect" title="VR photograph">VR photographs</a> (<abbr title="also known as">aka</abbr> 360-degree panoramas or photospheres), use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:PanoViewer" title="Template:PanoViewer">PanoViewer</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Size" data-mw-thread-id="h-Size-How_to_place_an_image"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Size-How_to_place_an_image"></span>Size<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Size-How_to_place_an_image"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IMGSIZE"></span><span id="MOS:UPRIGHT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMGSIZE&redirect=no">MOS:IMGSIZE</a></span></li><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:UPRIGHT&redirect=no">MOS:UPRIGHT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Displayed_image_size" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia:Image use policy § Displayed image size</a></div> <ul><li><span class="anchor" id="Image_preferences"></span> Images adjacent to text <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:THUMBSIZE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:THUMBSIZE">should use</a> the <code>|thumb</code> (<a href="/wiki/Help:Pictures#Thumbnails" title="Help:Pictures">thumbnail</a>) or <code>|frameless</code> parameter, typically sized differently from the original.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>b<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The default image width then becomes 220 pixels (px), which <em>registered</em> (logged-in) users can change via <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences#Files" title="Help:Preferences">Preferences</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-leave_pref_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-leave_pref-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Siberian Husky image above is displayed at whatever <em>your</em> base width is.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/400px-William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="400" height="176" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/600px-William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0a/William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/800px-William_Powell_Frith_-_The_Derby_Day_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4001" data-file-height="1761"/></a><figcaption>Image using width <code>upright=1.8</code>, so that it is 80% wider than the Siberian Husky image above (which is at the default <code>upright=1</code> width)</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg/110px-J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="160" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg/165px-J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e0/J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg/220px-J._Campbell_Cory_self-portrait_1915.jpg 2x" data-file-width="506" data-file-height="738"/></a><figcaption>Image using <code>upright=0.5</code>; a scaling factor less than 1 contracts the image width.</figcaption></figure> <ul><li>An image's size is controlled by changing its width – after which software automatically adjusts height in proportion. (Most references to an image's "size" really mean its width.)</li> <li>Except with very good reason, a fixed width in pixels (e.g. <code>17px</code>) should not be specified, because it ignores the user's base width setting. Thus <strong><span class="nowrap"><code>upright=<var style="padding-right: 1px;">scaling factor</var></code></span> is preferred whenever an image is to be displayed at something other than the default width</strong>.<sup id="cite_ref-corresp_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-corresp-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> As a general rule, images should not be set to a larger fixed width than 220px (the initial base width), and if an exception to this general rule is warranted, the resulting image should usually be no more than 400px wide (300px for lead images) and 500px tall, for comfortable display on the smallest devices "in common use" (though this may still cause viewing difficulties on some unusual displays).</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="sizetable"></span>To convert a <code>px</code> value to <code>upright</code>, divide it by 220 and round the result as desired. For example, <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|150px</code> is roughly equivalent to <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|upright=0.7</code> because <span class="nowrap">150 / 220 ≃ 0.682<span style="white-space: nowrap;"> </span>.</span> <ul><li>Cases where fixed sizes may be used include for standardization of size via templates (such as <a href="/wiki/MOS:INFOBOX" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:INFOBOX">within infobox templates</a> or the <a href="/wiki/MOS:FLAGS" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:FLAGS">display of country flag icons</a>), for displaying reduced images sizes where space is constrained (such as images used in the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:ITN" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:ITN">In the News</a> and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:DYK" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:DYK">Did You Know</a> sections on the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Main_Page" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Main Page">WP:Main Page</a>, or within larger tables such as <a href="/wiki/List_of_Nobel_Peace_Prize_laureates" title="List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates">List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates</a>), or if it is necessary to align images in columns or rows. Templates like <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiple_image" title="Template:Multiple image">multiple image</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> can automatically match the height or width of images with different aspect ratios, though this height or width must be hard coded to a set number of pixels because it cannot scale images to respect users' preferences.</li></ul></li> <li>Where a smaller or larger image is appropriate, use <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|upright=<var style="padding-right: 1px;">scaling factor</var></code>, which expands or contracts the image by a factor <em>relative to the user's base width</em>. <ul><li>For example: <ul><li><code>upright=1.3</code> might be used for an image with fine detail (e.g. a map or diagram) to render it "30% larger than this user generally wants". (For a reader with the usual base width setting of 220px, this is 285px.)</li> <li><code>upright=0.6</code> might be used for an image with little detail (e.g. a simple drawing or flag) which can be adequately displayed "40% smaller than this user generally wants". (For a reader with the usual base width setting of 220px, this is 130px.)</li></ul></li> <li>Short, wide images often call for <code>upright</code> of 1 or greater; tall, narrow images may look best with <code>upright</code> of 1 or less.</li> <li>When specifying <code>upright=</code> values greater than 1, take care to balance the need to reveal detail against the danger of overwhelming surrounding article text. <ul><li>Images in which a small region of detail is important (but cropping to that region is unacceptable) may need to be larger than normal, but <code>upright=1.8</code> should usually be the largest value for images floated beside text.</li> <li><span class="anchor" id="LEADIMGSIZE"></span>Lead images should usually use <code>upright=1.35</code> at most.</li></ul></li> <li>Images within an article, especially those near one another and on the same side, may be more appealing if presented at the same width.</li> <li>If <code>upright</code> is completely absent, that's equivalent to <code>upright=1</code>. But <code>upright</code> <u>alone</u>, with no <span class="nowrap"><code>=<var style="padding-right: 1px;">scaling factor</var></code></span> (e.g. <span class="nowrap"><code>[[File:Dog.jpg|thumb|upright|A big dog]]</code>)</span> is equivalent to <code>upright=0.75</code>; this usage is confusing and therefore deprecated. Historically, "upright" was intended for upright (portrait) images, which look better at a narrower width. Later, the parameter was expanded to support any scaling factor, but the original name remained.</li></ul></li> <li>To present images larger than the guidelines above (e.g. panoramas), use <code>|thumb|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIC#center" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIC">center</a></code> or <code>|thumb|<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:PIC#none" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:PIC">none</a></code>, so that the image stands alone; or use <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Wide_image" title="Template:Wide image">wide image</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> or <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Tall_image" title="Template:Tall image">tall image</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> to present a very large image in a scrollable box.</li></ul> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg/550px-Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg" decoding="async" width="550" height="132" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg/825px-Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg/1100px-Qian_Xuan_-_Early_Autumn.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2700" data-file-height="647"/></a><figcaption> This image uses <code>|thumb|center|upright=2.5</code> to expand the image, center it, and clear the area on either side.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Location" data-mw-thread-id="h-Location-How_to_place_an_image"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Location-How_to_place_an_image"></span>Location<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Location-How_to_place_an_image"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Placement" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia:Image use policy § Placement</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:IMAGELOC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:IMAGELOC&redirect=no">MOS:IMAGELOC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="A white dog in a harness playfully nuzzles a young boy" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg/180px-Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg" decoding="async" width="180" height="171" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg/270px-Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9c/Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg/360px-Siberian_Husky_pho.jpg 2x" data-file-width="750" data-file-height="711"/></a><figcaption>A <a href="/wiki/Siberian_Husky" title="Siberian Husky">Siberian Husky</a> used as a pack animal</figcaption></figure> <p>Most images should be on the right side of the page, which is the default placement.<sup id="cite_ref-left_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-left-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>nb 4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Left-aligned images may disturb the layout of bulleted lists and similar structures that depend on visual uniformity, e.g. by pushing some items on such lists further inward. Hence, avoid left-aligned images near such structures. If an exception to the general rule is warranted, specify <code>|left</code> in the image link: <code>[[File:Siberian Husky pho.jpg|thumb<strong style="color:green;">|left</strong>|alt=A white dog in a harness playfully nuzzles a young boy |A [[Siberian Husky]] used as a pack animal]]</code>. </p><p><span class="anchor" id="Section"></span><span class="anchor" id="SECTION"></span><span class="anchor" id="SECTIONLINK"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SECTIONLOC"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SECTIONLOC&redirect=no">MOS:SECTIONLOC</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>An image should generally be placed in the <a href="/wiki/MOS:ACCESS#FLOAT" class="mw-redirect" title="MOS:ACCESS">most relevant article section</a>; if this is not possible, try not to place an image too early, i.e., far ahead of the text discussing what the image illustrates, if this could puzzle the reader. The first image of a section should be placed below any hatnote (typically a <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:SUMMARYHATNOTE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:SUMMARYHATNOTE">navigational hatnote</a> in the form of <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Main" title="Template:Main">Main</a>}}</code>, <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:Further" title="Template:Further">Further</a>}}</code> and <code>{{<a href="/wiki/Template:See_also" title="Template:See also">See also</a>}}</code> templates). Do not place an image at the end of the previous section as this will not be visible in the appropriate section on <a href="/wiki/Help:Mobile_access" title="Help:Mobile access"> mobile devices</a>. An image causes a paragraph break (i.e., the current paragraph ends and a new one begins) so it is not possible to place an image <em>within</em> a paragraph. This applies to <code>thumb</code> images; small inline images are an exception (<link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">see <a href="#Inline_images">Inline images</a></span>). </p> <p><span class="anchor" id="Sandwich"></span><span class="anchor" id="SANDWITCH"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"></p><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SANDWICH"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SANDWICH&redirect=no">MOS:SANDWICH</a></span></li></ul></div></div><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <figure class="mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_(Cleopatra)_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_%28Cleopatra%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/330px-Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_%28Cleopatra%29_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="201" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_%28Cleopatra%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/495px-Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_%28Cleopatra%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3e/Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_%28Cleopatra%29_%28cropped%29.jpg/660px-Harvard_Theatre_Collection_-_Sarah_Bernhardt_TCS_2_%28Cleopatra%29_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2067" data-file-height="1258"/></a><figcaption>Wide images opposite one another<span class="nowrap"> </span>...</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_suicide_of_Cleopatra;_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_suicide_of_Cleopatra%3B_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg/330px-The_suicide_of_Cleopatra%3B_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_suicide_of_Cleopatra%3B_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg/495px-The_suicide_of_Cleopatra%3B_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/de/The_suicide_of_Cleopatra%3B_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg/660px-The_suicide_of_Cleopatra%3B_the_asp_is_wriggling_up_the_left_a_Wellcome_V0041560.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3268" data-file-height="2360"/></a><figcaption>... can create an unsightly text sandwich (depending on platform and window size).</figcaption></figure><p> Multiple images can be staggered right and left. However, avoid sandwiching text between two images horizontally opposite each other; or between an image and infobox, navigation template, or similar. As an alternative, consider using the <span class="nowrap">{{</span><a href="/wiki/Template:Multiple_image" title="Template:Multiple image">multiple image</a><span class="nowrap">}}</span> template, which places two images together on the right (but which, however, ignores <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:IMGSIZE" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:IMGSIZE">logged-in users' selected image sizes</a>). If the section has multiple relevant paragraphs, you can also move one image to another place in the section. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1033199720"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><span role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable crossreference selfref">(See <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:GALLERY" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:GALLERY">WP:GALLERY</a> for information on the use of multiple images.)</span></p><div style="clear:both;" class=""></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Portrait" data-mw-thread-id="h-Portrait-Location"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Portrait-Location"></span>Portrait<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Portrait-Location"></span></h4></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Portrait"></span><span class="anchor" id="PORTRAIT"></span> </p> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:PORTRAIT"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:PORTRAIT&redirect=no">MOS:PORTRAIT</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>It is often preferable to place a portrait <span style="font-size:85%;">(image or representation of a person)</span> so that they "look" toward the text, but do not achieve this by reversing the image, which creates a false presentation. (Faces are never truly symmetric even in the absence of scars or other features.) </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="References_from_article_text" data-mw-thread-id="h-References_from_article_text-Location"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-References_from_article_text-Location"></span><span id="References_from_article"></span>References from article text<span data-mw-comment-end="h-References_from_article_text-Location"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:SEEIMAGE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:SEEIMAGE&redirect=no">MOS:SEEIMAGE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p>Image placement varies with platform and screen size, especially mobile platforms, and is meaningless to screen readers. As such, article text should not refer to image positions, especially with terms such as left, right, above, or below. Instead, use captions to identify images. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Inline_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Inline_images-How_to_place_an_image"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Inline_images-How_to_place_an_image"></span>Inline images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Inline_images-How_to_place_an_image"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Help:Visual_file_markup#Border" title="Help:Visual file markup">Help:Visual file markup § Border</a></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:BORDERIMAGE"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:BORDERIMAGE&redirect=no">MOS:BORDERIMAGE</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <ul><li>Substituting <code>frameless</code> for <code>thumb</code> produces an "inline" image. For example,<br/> <code>This [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|frameless|x20px]] is an inline image.</code><br/>produces<br/> This <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> is an inline image.</li> <li>A one-pixel border may be added via <code class="tpl-para" style="word-break:break-word;">|border</code>. For example,<br/> <code>This [[File:Flag of Japan.svg|frameless|x20px|border]] is an inline image with a border.</code><br/>produces<br/> This <span class="mw-default-size mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Flag_of_Japan.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/30px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png" decoding="async" width="30" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/45px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/9e/Flag_of_Japan.svg/60px-Flag_of_Japan.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600"/></a></span> is an inline image with a border.</li> <li>Inline images do not have captions</li> <li>Note the syntax <code>x20px</code>: whereas <code>20px</code> specifies a 20-pixel <em>width</em>, <code>x20px</code> specifies a 20-pixel <em>height</em>. Heights between <code>x18px</code> and <code>x22px</code> will usually match surrounding text well. (<code>upright</code> is not usually used with inline images.)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Making_images_available" data-mw-thread-id="h-Making_images_available"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Making_images_available"></span>Making images available<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Making_images_available"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1252059228"><div class="module-shortcutanchordiv"><span id="MOS:HOTLINK"></span></div><div class="module-shortcutboxplain noprint" role="note"><div class="module-shortcutlist"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcut</a></div><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1126788409"><div class="plainlist"><ul><li><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=MOS:HOTLINK&redirect=no">MOS:HOTLINK</a></span></li></ul></div></div> <p><span class="anchor" id="Inline_linking"></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"></p><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">For further information, see: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Extended image syntax</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_Commons#Embedding_Commons'_media_in_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia Commons">Embedding Commons' media in Wikipedia articles</a> as well as <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a></div> <p>All images used on Wikipedia must be uploaded to Wikipedia itself or <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>. That is, <a href="/wiki/Hotlinking" class="mw-redirect" title="Hotlinking">hotlinking</a> is not supported. </p><p>Images uploaded to Wikipedia are automatically placed into the <strong><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Namespace#File" title="Wikipedia:Namespace">File namespace</a></strong> (formerly known as the <strong>Image namespace</strong>), i.e., the names of <a href="/wiki/Help:Image_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Image page">image pages</a> start with the prefix <code>File:</code>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Obtaining_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Obtaining_images-Making_images_available"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Obtaining_images-Making_images_available"></span>Obtaining images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Obtaining_images-Making_images_available"></span></h3></div> <p>All images must comply with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia's image use policy</a>: in general, they must be free for reuse, including commercial use and use after alteration, though some "<a href="/wiki/Fair_use" title="Fair use">fair use</a>" of non-free content is allowed in limited circumstances—see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Wikipedia:Non-free content</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finding_images_already_uploaded" data-mw-thread-id="h-Finding_images_already_uploaded-Obtaining_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Finding_images_already_uploaded-Obtaining_images"></span>Finding images already uploaded<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Finding_images_already_uploaded-Obtaining_images"></span></h4></div> <p>Search for existing files through: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Special:Search" title="Special:Search">Special:Search</a> – Use the <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Special:Search&search=&fulltext=Search&profile=images&redirs=1">"Multimedia" setting</a> to search for images and other files uploaded to the English Wikipedia by keyword or title. Most fair-use images are located here.</li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:Search" class="extiw" title="commons:Special:Search">commons:Special:Search</a> – Go to <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a> to search for images and other media files by description, title, or category.</li> <li>If the article has <a href="/wiki/Help:Interlanguage_links" title="Help:Interlanguage links">interlanguage links</a> to other Wikipedias, then click through to the non-English articles to see which images they are using.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Making_images_yourself" data-mw-thread-id="h-Making_images_yourself-Obtaining_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Making_images_yourself-Obtaining_images"></span>Making images yourself <span class="anchor" id="Annotated_image"></span><span data-mw-comment-end="h-Making_images_yourself-Obtaining_images"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">For further information, see: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#User-created_images" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">WP:Image use policy § User-created images</a>, <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:How_to_take_pictures_for_Wikimedia_Commons" class="extiw" title="commons:Commons:How to take pictures for Wikimedia Commons">Commons:How to take pictures</a>, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">WP:Uploading images</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_tutorials" title="Wikipedia:Graphics tutorials">WP:Graphics tutorials</a></div> <p>You may upload photographs, drawings, or other graphics created with a camera, scanner, graphics software, and so on. When photographing or scanning potentially copyrighted works, or creating depictions of persons other than yourself, be sure to respect copyright and privacy restrictions. For further information see <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">Wikipedia:Non-free content</a>. </p><p>In order to maximize images' usefulness in all languages, avoid including text within them. Instead, add text, links, references, etc., to images using <a href="/wiki/Template:Annotated_image" title="Template:Annotated image">Template:Annotated image</a> or <a href="/wiki/Template:Annotated_image_4" title="Template:Annotated image 4">Template:Annotated image 4</a>, which can also be used to expand the area around an image or crop and enlarge part of an image—all without the need for uploading a new, modified image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Finding_images_on_the_Internet" data-mw-thread-id="h-Finding_images_on_the_Internet-Obtaining_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Finding_images_on_the_Internet-Obtaining_images"></span>Finding images on the Internet<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Finding_images_on_the_Internet-Obtaining_images"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">For further information, see: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Finding_images_tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Finding images tutorial">Finding images tutorial</a></div> <p>An extensive list of free image resources by topic can be found at: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources" title="Wikipedia:Public domain image resources">Public domain image resources</a>. In addition to <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>, the <a href="https://meta.wikimedia.org/wiki/Toolserver" class="extiw" title="m:Toolserver">Wikimedia Toolserver</a> has a <a href="//toolserver.org/~magnus/fist.php" class="extiw" title="tools:~magnus/fist.php">Free Image Search Tool</a> (FIST), which automatically culls free images from the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Wikimedia_sister_projects" title="Wikipedia:Wikimedia sister projects">Wikimedia sister projects</a>, <a href="/wiki/Flickr" title="Flickr">Flickr</a> and a few other sites. Several other useful, general purpose <a href="/wiki/Image_search" class="mw-redirect" title="Image search">image search</a> engines include: <a href="/wiki/Google_Image_Search" class="mw-redirect" title="Google Image Search">Google Image Search</a>, <a href="/wiki/Picsearch" title="Picsearch">Picsearch</a> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Pixsta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Pixsta (page does not exist)">Pixsta</a>. <a href="/wiki/Creative_Commons" title="Creative Commons">Creative Commons</a> licensed images with <i>Attribution</i> and <i>Attribution-ShareAlike</i> as their license may be used on Wikipedia. <strong>Images with any license restricting commercial use or the creation of derivative works may not be used on Wikipedia.</strong> </p><p>The Creative Commons site has a <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.creativecommons.org/">search page</a> that can be used as a starting point to find suitably licensed images; make sure you check both the checkboxes "use for commercial purposes" and "modify, adapt, or build upon". </p><p>If you find an image on the Internet that is not available freely, you can email the copyright owner and ask for their permission to release it under a suitable license, adapting the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Boilerplate_request_for_permission" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Boilerplate request for permission">boilerplate request for permission</a>. If you cannot find a suitable image, you may also list your request at <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Wikipedia:Requested pictures</a>, so that another contributor may find or create a suitable image. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Requesting_images_from_others" data-mw-thread-id="h-Requesting_images_from_others-Obtaining_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Requesting_images_from_others-Obtaining_images"></span>Requesting images from others<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Requesting_images_from_others-Obtaining_images"></span></h4></div> <p>See </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1184024115">.mw-parser-output .div-col{margin-top:0.3em;column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .div-col-small{font-size:90%}.mw-parser-output .div-col-rules{column-rule:1px solid #aaa}.mw-parser-output .div-col dl,.mw-parser-output .div-col ol,.mw-parser-output .div-col ul{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .div-col li,.mw-parser-output .div-col dd{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}</style><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 25em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requesting_copyright_permission" title="Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission">Wikipedia:Requesting copyright permission</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Donating_copyrighted_materials" title="Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials">Wikipedia:Donating copyrighted materials</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Declaration_of_consent_for_all_enquiries" title="Wikipedia:Declaration of consent for all enquiries">Wikipedia:Declaration of consent for all enquiries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Wikipedia:Requested pictures</a> (for requesting Wikipedians to take photos etc.)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editing_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Editing_images-Making_images_available"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Editing_images-Making_images_available"></span><span class="anchor" id="retouching"></span> Editing images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Editing_images-Making_images_available"></span></h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Moon_worldwind.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Moon_worldwind.jpg/220px-Moon_worldwind.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="163" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Moon_worldwind.jpg/330px-Moon_worldwind.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/3b/Moon_worldwind.jpg/440px-Moon_worldwind.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1280" data-file-height="948"/></a><figcaption>In this <a href="/wiki/Pseudocolor" class="mw-redirect" title="Pseudocolor">pseudocolor</a> image of the Moon, red tints represent the highest elevations, purple the lowest; lest the reader be misled, the caption should make clear that this is not the coloring a viewer of the Moon would actually see.</figcaption></figure> <p>An image's utility or quality may be improved by cropping (to focus on the relevant portion), cleaning up scanning artifacts, correcting color balance, removing <a href="/wiki/Red-eye_effect" title="Red-eye effect">red-eye effect</a>, or other adjustments. </p><p>The caption of an image should mention such edits (e.g. introduction of <a href="/wiki/False_color" title="False color">false color or pseudocolor</a>) if a reader needs to know about them to properly interpret the image. </p><p>Edits that improve the presentation without materially altering the content need not be mentioned in the caption e.g. rotation to correct a slightly crooked image, improvement to the contrast of a scan, or blurring a background to make the main subject more prominent. (However, all changes to images taken from outside sources should be noted on the <a href="#Image_description_pages">image's description page</a>. For images created by editors themselves, changes which could have been part of the image's original composition—such as rotation or minor cropping—need not be mentioned on the description page.) </p><p>Images should not be changed in ways that materially mislead the viewer. For example, images showing artworks, faces, identifiable places or buildings, or text should not be reversed (although those showing soap bubbles or bacteria might be). Do not change color integral to the subject, such as in images of animals. It is usually appropriate to de-speckle or remove scratches from images, though that might be inappropriate for historical photographs. </p><p>An image that was originally published as a <a href="/wiki/Monochrome" title="Monochrome">monochrome</a> image, such as black-and-white or sepia photographs, should not usually be colorized. Adding color to such an image constitutes <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:OR" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:OR">original research</a>. Images that were colorized by their creator, an expert, or a reliable source may sometimes be acceptable. </p><p><a href="/wiki/AI_upscaling" class="mw-redirect" title="AI upscaling">AI upscaling</a> software should generally not be used to increase the resolution or quality of an old or low-resolution image. Original historical images should always be used in place of AI upscaled versions. If an AI-upscaled image is used in an article, this fact should be noted in its caption. </p><p>For assistance in editing images, try <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab">WP:Graphics Lab</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uploading_images" data-mw-thread-id="h-Uploading_images-Making_images_available"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Uploading_images-Making_images_available"></span>Uploading images<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Uploading_images-Making_images_available"></span></h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable plainlinks selfreference noprint">For further information, see: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Uploading images</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_names" title="Wikipedia:File names">File names</a></div> <p><a href="/wiki/Special:UserLogin" title="Special:UserLogin">Logged in</a> users with <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autoconfirmed_users" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Autoconfirmed users">autoconfirmed accounts</a> (meaning at least four days old and at least ten edits at the English Wikipedia) can upload media to the English Wikipedia. <strong>Only</strong> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:File_copyright_tags/Free_licenses" title="Wikipedia:File copyright tags/Free licenses">free licensed</a> media, <strong>not</strong> <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Non-free_content" title="Wikipedia:Non-free content">fair use</a> media, may be uploaded to <a href="/wiki/Wikimedia_Commons" title="Wikimedia Commons">Wikimedia Commons</a>. Media on Wikimedia Commons can be linked to in the same way as media of the same name on Wikipedia. To upload media to the English Wikipedia, go to <a href="/wiki/Special:Upload" title="Special:Upload">special:upload</a> and for Wikimedia Commons, go to <a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/special:upload" class="extiw" title="commons:special:upload">commons:special:upload</a>. For preferred file formats, see: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Preparing_images_for_upload" title="Wikipedia:Preparing images for upload">Preparing images for upload</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading4"><h4 id="Image_description_pages" data-mw-thread-id="h-Image_description_pages-Uploading_images"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Image_description_pages-Uploading_images"></span>Image description pages<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Image_description_pages-Uploading_images"></span></h4></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Further information: <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization#Files/images" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Wikipedia:Categorization § Files/images</a></div> <p>Each image has a corresponding <a href="/wiki/Help:Image_page" class="mw-redirect" title="Help:Image page">description page</a>, which documents the image's source, author and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">copyright status</a>; descriptive (who, what, when, where, why) information; and technical (equipment, software, etc.) data useful to readers and later editors. </p><p>To maximize the utility and educational value of an image, please describe its contents as fully as possible on the image's description page. For example, photographs of artwork benefit from documentation of the artist, title, location, dates, museum identification numbers, and so on. Images that are described only in vague terms (for example, "a cuneiform tablet" or "a medieval manuscript") are often less useful for Wikipedia and less informative to our readers. </p><p>Reliable sources, if any, may be listed on the image's description page. Generally, Wikipedia assumes in good faith that image creators are correctly identifying the contents of photographs they have taken. If such sources are available, it is helpful to provide them. This is particularly important for technical drawings, as someone may want to verify that the image is accurate. </p><p>Description pages for images are rediscovered by editors using the <a href="/wiki/H:S" class="mw-redirect" title="H:S">search engine</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Help:Categories" title="Help:Categories">categories</a>. To help editors find precise images, please remember to document the image description page accordingly. Well-categorized and well-described images are more likely to be used. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Consideration_of_image_download_size" data-mw-thread-id="h-Consideration_of_image_download_size-Making_images_available"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Consideration_of_image_download_size-Making_images_available"></span>Consideration of image download size<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Consideration_of_image_download_size-Making_images_available"></span></h3></div> <p>Images can greatly increase the <a href="/wiki/Bandwidth_(computing)" title="Bandwidth (computing)">bandwidth</a> cost of viewing an article – a consideration for readers on slow or expensive connections. Articles carry reduced-size <a href="/wiki/Thumbnail" title="Thumbnail">thumbnails</a> instead of full images (which the user can view by "clicking through" the thumbnail) but in some file types a thumbnail's reduced dimensions doesn't translate into a concomitant reduction in file size. (In most browsers you can see a thumbnail's size by right-clicking for its "Properties".) </p><p>If one image's file size is disproportionate to those of others in the same article, you may want to reduce it by selecting a different file format: </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> images with a frame size larger than 100 million pixels (measured as pixel height × pixel width × number of frames in the animation) cannot currently be displayed in thumbnail form in Wikipedia articles. A thumbnail of a GIF image can be considerably larger in kilobytes than the original image file.</li> <li>The <a href="/wiki/Portable_Network_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Portable Network Graphics">PNG</a> format is useful for storing graphics that contain text, line art, or other images with sharp transitions. It can achieve the same graphical results as a GIF file, and in many cases do so with a higher rate of <a href="/wiki/File_compression" class="mw-redirect" title="File compression">file compression</a>. For this reason, PNG format files are usually preferred to the GIF format. For images with substantial editing, or for which further editing may be warranted, uploading a PNG as well as a JPEG is common (PNG is lossless compression, so repeatedly saving edits on a PNG will not result in loss of quality).</li> <li>Animated <a href="/wiki/GIF" title="GIF">GIF</a> images have a few additional restrictions. Images larger than 100 million pixels (measured as pixel height × pixel width × number of frames in the animation) currently will only show the first frame of the animation in a thumbnail. When not using a GIF animation at its original frame size, consider creating an Ogg <a href="/wiki/Theora" title="Theora">Theora</a> movie of the animation.</li> <li><a href="/wiki/APNG" title="APNG">Animated PNG</a> images with a frame size larger than 12.5 million pixels cannot currently be displayed in thumbnail form in Wikipedia articles, a significantly lower limit than the GIF format, and is not fully supported on all browsers.</li> <li>A <a href="/wiki/JPEG" title="JPEG">JPEG</a> or other compressed image format can be much smaller than a comparable GIF or PNG format file. When there is no apparent difference in quality, such as with a photograph that has no sharp graphical transitions, a compressed image format such as JPEG may be preferable for reasons of download performance. Wikipedia is often able to achieve much better compression of JPEG photograph thumbnails than comparable PNG images, and with little perceptible loss of quality. Repeatedly loading and resaving an image as JPEG will result in loss of quality, however, as will using low settings for the JPEG; as such, if you've made edits, it can be helpful to save a PNG or TIFF copy before closing the image editor and upload that as well; this copy can then be used to generate a new JPEG after further editing.</li> <li>Where an image consists solely of line art, charts text and simple graphics, an <a href="/wiki/Scalable_Vector_Graphics" class="mw-redirect" title="Scalable Vector Graphics">SVG</a> file can be significantly smaller than other graphics formats. This is because the data is encoded as a series of drawing commands, rather than as <a href="/wiki/Raster_graphics" title="Raster graphics">raster graphics</a>. There are <a href="/wiki/Open_source" title="Open source">open source</a> applications available for rendering graphics in SVG format. However, SVG thumbnails are rendered as PNGs.</li> <li>Rather than including an image gallery on an article, which could add significantly to the download size, consider creating a gallery/category on the Wikimedia Commons instead.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="See_also" data-mw-thread-id="h-See_also"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-See_also"></span>See also<span data-mw-comment-end="h-See_also"></span></h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1184024115"><div class="div-col" style="column-width: 20em;"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_dos_and_don%27ts" title="Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts">Wikipedia:Image dos and don'ts</a> (information page summarizing the key points of this guideline)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Exchangeable_image_file_format" class="mw-redirect" title="Exchangeable image file format">Exchangeable image file format</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Image_editing" title="Image editing">Image editing</a></li> <li><a href="https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:ImageMap" class="extiw" title="mw:Extension:ImageMap">mw:Extension:ImageMap</a></li> <li><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Commons:File_types" class="extiw" title="c:Commons:File types">c:Commons:File types</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Extended_image_syntax" title="Wikipedia:Extended image syntax">Wikipedia:Extended image syntax</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Finding_images_tutorial" title="Wikipedia:Finding images tutorial">Wikipedia:Finding images tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Guide_to_image_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion">Wikipedia:Guide to image deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_create_charts_for_Wikipedia_articles" title="Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles">Wikipedia:How to create charts for Wikipedia articles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:How_to_improve_image_quality" title="Wikipedia:How to improve image quality">Wikipedia:How to improve image quality</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_quality_requirements" title="Wikipedia:Image quality requirements">Wikipedia:Image quality requirements</a> (historical proposal)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Wikipedia:Image use policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_3D_illustrations" title="Wikipedia:No 3D illustrations">Wikipedia:No 3D illustrations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Picture_tutorial" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Picture tutorial">Wikipedia:Picture tutorial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Public_domain_image_resources" title="Wikipedia:Public domain image resources">Wikipedia:Public domain image resources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ten_things_you_may_not_know_about_images_on_Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia:Ten things you may not know about images on Wikipedia">Wikipedia:Ten things you may not know about images on Wikipedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Requested_pictures" title="Wikipedia:Requested pictures">Wikipedia:Requested pictures</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Uploading_images" title="Wikipedia:Uploading images">Wikipedia:Uploading images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Graphics_Lab" title="Wikipedia:Graphics Lab">Wikipedia:Graphics Lab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Sexology_and_sexuality/WIP-image-guidelines" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Sexology and sexuality/WIP-image-guidelines">Wikipedia:WikiProject Sexology and sexuality/WIP-image-guidelines</a> (historical reference)</li></ul></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2 ext-discussiontools-init-section"><h2 id="Notes" data-mw-thread-id="h-Notes"><span data-mw-comment-start="" id="h-Notes"></span>Notes<span data-mw-comment-end="h-Notes"></span></h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><i>Natural</i> means the obvious or usual type of image. For example, the natural choice for the lead image for an article about a person would be a drawing or photograph of that person, and the natural choice for the lead image for an article about an insect is a drawing or photograph of that insect. <i>Natural</i> does not mean <i>casual</i> or <i>informal</i>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">The size of the original image can vary widely, depending on for example the resolution. Some images could take a whole 15 inches of space on a computer screen.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-typical-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-typical_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Here a "typical Wikipedia reader" is defined by the cultural beliefs of the majority of the website <em>readers</em> (not active editors) that are literate in an article's language. Clarifying this viewpoint may require a broad spectrum of input and discussion, as cultural views can differ widely.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-leave_pref-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-leave_pref_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">If you do much work with image layouts, consider leaving your preference at 220px to match the "reader experience" of most readers.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-corresp-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-corresp_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><code>px</code> works the same as <code>upright</code> for users with the usual base width setting of 220px, but works counterintuitively for readers whose base width is set to a different value (see <a href="/wiki/Help:Preferences#Files" title="Help:Preferences">Help:Preferences § Files</a>). For example, an image coded <code>275px</code>—presumably to make it wider than most images on a particular page—is actually rendered <em>smaller</em> than most images if the user has changed their base width to 300px. In contrast, <code>upright</code> responds gracefully to changes in the user's base width, maintaining the relative size of images in any given article by enlarging or reducing all of them proportionately. <div class="paragraphbreak" style="margin-top:0.5em"></div> <p>However, a thumbnail cannot be displayed larger than the original uploaded image. For example, if an image is coded <code>|thumb|330px</code> or <code>|thumb|upright=1.5</code> (for a reader with the usual base width of 220px), but the original uploaded file was only 200px wide, then the article thumbnail will still be displayed at only 200px. </p> </span></li> <li id="cite_note-left-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-left_6-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A consistent left margin creates a stable anchor for tracking through lines of text making it more readable / accessible.</span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow{padding:0.25em 1em;line-height:1.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group{white-space:nowrap;text-align:right}.mw-parser-output .navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{background-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list{line-height:1.5em;border-color:#fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-list-with-group{text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid}.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-group,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-image,.mw-parser-output tr+tr>.navbox-list{border-top:2px solid #fdfdfd}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title{background-color:#ccf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Manual_of_Style" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Manual_of_Style" title="Template talk:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Manual_of_Style" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Manual of Style"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Manual_of_Style" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Simplified_Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Simplified Manual of Style">Overview</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></b></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Styletips" title="Wikipedia:Styletips">Tips</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(content)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (content)">Content</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Biography" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Biography">Biography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Disambiguation_pages" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages">Disambiguation pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Organizing_disambiguation_pages_by_subject_area" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Organizing disambiguation pages by subject area">Organizing by subject area</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Gender_identity" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Gender identity">Gender identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hidden_text" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hidden text">Hidden text</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Infoboxes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Infoboxes">Infoboxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Self-references_to_avoid" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Self-references to avoid">Self-references</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Words_to_watch" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Words to watch">Words to watch</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(formatting)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (formatting)">Formatting</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Abbreviations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Abbreviations">Abbreviations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Capital_letters" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters">Capitalization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pronunciation" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pronunciation">Pronunciation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Spelling" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Spelling">Spelling</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Text_formatting" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Text formatting">Text formatting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Titles_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Titles of works">Titles of works</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(images)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (images)">Images</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Captions" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Captions">Captions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy#Adding_images_to_articles" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image placement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Icons" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Icons">Icons</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Images</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(layout)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (layout)">Layout</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Tables" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Tables">Tables</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trivia_sections" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trivia sections">Trivia sections</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(lists)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (lists)">Lists</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists_of_works" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists of works">Lists of works</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Road_junction_lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Road junction lists">Road junctions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stand-alone_lists" class="mw-redirect" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stand-alone lists">Stand-alone lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">By topic area</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(legal)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (legal)">Legal</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Legal" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Legal">Legal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Trademarks" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Trademarks">Trademarks</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(arts)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (arts)">Arts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Anime_and_manga" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Anime and manga">Anime and manga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Comics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Comics">Comics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Film" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Film">Film</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Lyrics_and_poetry" title="Wikipedia:Lyrics and poetry">Lyrics and poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Novels" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Novels">Novels</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Television" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Television">Television</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Video_games" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Video games">Video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Visual_arts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Visual arts">Visual arts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Writing_about_fiction" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Writing about fiction">Writing about fiction</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(music)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (music)">Music</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music">Music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Music_samples" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Music samples">Music samples</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Record_charts" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Record charts">Record charts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Stringed_instrument_tunings" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Stringed instrument tunings">Stringed instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(history)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (history)">History</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Blazon" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Blazon">Blazons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Military_history" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Military history">Military history</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(regional)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (regional)">Regional</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(geographic_names)#Specific_topics" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (geographic names)">Specific naming conventions</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Canada-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Canada-related articles">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/China-_and_Chinese-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/China- and Chinese-related articles">China (and Chinese)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/France-_and_French-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/France- and French-related articles">France (and French)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Egypt-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Egypt-related articles">Egypt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Hawaii-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Hawaii-related articles">Hawaii</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/India-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/India-related articles">India</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Indonesia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Indonesia-related articles">Indonesia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Ireland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Ireland-related articles">Ireland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Japan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Japan-related articles">Japan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Korea-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Korea-related articles">Korea</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Malaysia-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Malaysia-related articles">Malaysia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Naming_conventions_(Macedonia)" title="Wikipedia:Naming conventions (Macedonia)">Macedonia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Pakistan-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Pakistan-related articles">Pakistan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Philippines-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Philippines-related articles">Philippines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Poland-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Poland-related articles">Poland</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Singapore-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Singapore-related articles">Singapore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Trinidad_and_Tobago/Style_guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Trinidad and Tobago/Style guide">Trinidad and Tobago</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(religion)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (religion)">Religion</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Islam-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Islam-related articles">Islam</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Latter_Day_Saints" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Latter Day Saints">Latter Day Saints</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(science)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (science)">Science</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Mathematics" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Mathematics">Mathematics</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Medicine-related_articles" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Medicine-related articles">Medicine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry">Chemistry</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Compound_classes" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Compound classes">Compound classes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Chemicals" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Chemicals">Chemicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/References_and_external_links" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/References and external links">References and external links</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Safety" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Safety">Safety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Chemistry/Structure_drawing" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Chemistry/Structure drawing">Structure drawing</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Computer_science" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Computer science">Computer science</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Template:Taxobox/doc" title="Template:Taxobox/doc">Taxonomy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(sports)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (sports)">Sports</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Cue_sports" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Cue sports">Cue sports</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Snooker" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Snooker">Snooker</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating">Figure skating</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Figure_skating_terminology" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Figure skating terminology">Terminology</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style_(related_guidelines)" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style (related guidelines)">Related guidelines</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:1%">Search</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="mw-inputbox-centered" style=""><form name="searchbox" class="searchbox mw-inputbox-form-inline" action="/wiki/Special:Search" id="style-wide-searchbox"><div class="cdx-text-input"><input class="mw-searchInput searchboxInput cdx-text-input__input" name="search" placeholder="e.g. image placement" size="25" dir="ltr"/></div><input type="hidden" value="Wikipedia:Manual of Style" name="prefix"/> <input type="submit" name="fulltext" value="Search the MoS" class="cdx-button"/><input type="hidden" value="Search" name="fulltext"/></form></div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185"/></span></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Category:Wikipedia_Manual_of_Style" title="Category:Wikipedia Manual of Style">Category</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1038841319">.mw-parser-output .tooltip-dotted{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1038841319"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Template talk:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia_policies_and_guidelines" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Wikipedia policies and guidelines"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Wikipedia_key_policies_and_guidelines_(?)" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Wikipedia key <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Policies and guidelines">policies and guidelines</a> <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="Wikipedia's policies and guidelines are developed by the community to describe best practices, clarify principles, resolve conflicts, and otherwise further our goal.">(?)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Five_pillars" title="Wikipedia:Five pillars">Five pillars</a></b> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></b></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="defines the scope of the encyclopedia and the material that is suitable for it">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">Verifiability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_original_research" title="Wikipedia:No original research">No original research</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Neutral_point_of_view" title="Wikipedia:Neutral point of view">Neutral point of view</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:What_Wikipedia_is_not" title="Wikipedia:What Wikipedia is not">What Wikipedia is not</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Biographies_of_living_persons" title="Wikipedia:Biographies of living persons">Biographies of living persons</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyrights" title="Wikipedia:Copyrights">Copyright</a> (<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Copyright_violations" title="Wikipedia:Copyright violations">Copyright violations</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Image_use_policy" title="Wikipedia:Image use policy">Image use</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_titles" title="Wikipedia:Article titles">Article titles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Notability" title="Wikipedia:Notability">Notability</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Autobiography" title="Wikipedia:Autobiography">Autobiography</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">Citing sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Reliable_sources" title="Wikipedia:Reliable sources">Reliable sources</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Identifying_reliable_sources_(medicine)" title="Wikipedia:Identifying reliable sources (medicine)">Medicine</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_include_the_full_text_of_lengthy_primary_sources" title="Wikipedia:Do not include the full text of lengthy primary sources">Do not include copies of lengthy primary sources</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Plagiarism" title="Wikipedia:Plagiarism">Plagiarism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_create_hoaxes" title="Wikipedia:Do not create hoaxes">Don't create hoaxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Fringe_theories" title="Wikipedia:Fringe theories">Fringe theories</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Patent_nonsense" title="Wikipedia:Patent nonsense">Patent nonsense</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:External_links" title="Wikipedia:External links">External links</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Conduct <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="describes how editors can successfully collaborate and what behavior is acceptable">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Civility" title="Wikipedia:Civility">Civility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Consensus" title="Wikipedia:Consensus">Consensus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Harassment" title="Wikipedia:Harassment">Harassment</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Vandalism" title="Wikipedia:Vandalism">Vandalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ignore_all_rules" title="Wikipedia:Ignore all rules">Ignore all rules</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_personal_attacks" title="Wikipedia:No personal attacks">No personal attacks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ownership_of_content" title="Wikipedia:Ownership of content">Ownership of content</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Edit_warring" title="Wikipedia:Edit warring">Edit warring</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Dispute_resolution" title="Wikipedia:Dispute resolution">Dispute resolution</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry" title="Wikipedia:Sockpuppetry">Sockpuppetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:No_legal_threats" title="Wikipedia:No legal threats">No legal threats</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Child_protection" title="Wikipedia:Child protection">Child protection</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Paid-contribution_disclosure" title="Wikipedia:Paid-contribution disclosure">Paid-contribution disclosure</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Assume_good_faith" title="Wikipedia:Assume good faith">Assume good faith</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Conflict_of_interest" title="Wikipedia:Conflict of interest">Conflict of interest</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disruptive_editing" title="Wikipedia:Disruptive editing">Disruptive editing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Do_not_disrupt_Wikipedia_to_illustrate_a_point" title="Wikipedia:Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point">Do not disrupt Wikipedia to illustrate a point</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Etiquette" title="Wikipedia:Etiquette">Etiquette</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Gaming_the_system" title="Wikipedia:Gaming the system">Gaming the system</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Please_do_not_bite_the_newcomers" title="Wikipedia:Please do not bite the newcomers">Please do not bite the newcomers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Courtesy_vanishing" title="Wikipedia:Courtesy vanishing">Courtesy vanishing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Responding_to_threats_of_harm" title="Wikipedia:Responding to threats of harm">Responding to threats of harm</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Talk_page_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines">Talk page guidelines</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Signatures" title="Wikipedia:Signatures">Signatures</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Deletion <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the processes by which pages, revisions, and logs may be deleted">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Deletion_policy" title="Wikipedia:Deletion policy">Deletion policy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion">Proposed deletion</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Proposed_deletion_of_biographies_of_living_people" title="Wikipedia:Proposed deletion of biographies of living people">Biographies</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Criteria_for_speedy_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Criteria for speedy deletion">Criteria for speedy deletion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Attack_page" title="Wikipedia:Attack page">Attack page</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Oversight" title="Wikipedia:Oversight">Oversight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Revision_deletion" title="Wikipedia:Revision deletion">Revision deletion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Enforcement <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="explains the various means by which standards may be enforced">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Administrators" title="Wikipedia:Administrators">Administrators</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Banning_policy" title="Wikipedia:Banning policy">Banning</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Blocking_policy" title="Wikipedia:Blocking policy">Blocking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Protection_policy" title="Wikipedia:Protection policy">Page protection</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Editing <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="documents the various protocols about style and grouping">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Editing_policy" title="Wikipedia:Editing policy">Editing policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Article_size" title="Wikipedia:Article size">Article size</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">Summary style</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Be_bold" title="Wikipedia:Be bold">Be bold</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Disambiguation" title="Wikipedia:Disambiguation">Disambiguation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Hatnote" title="Wikipedia:Hatnote">Hatnotes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Broad-concept_article" title="Wikipedia:Broad-concept article">Broad-concept article</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Make_technical_articles_understandable" title="Wikipedia:Make technical articles understandable">Understandability</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Style</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">Manual of Style</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Contents" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Contents">Contents</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Accessibility" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Accessibility">Accessibility</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Dates_and_numbers" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers">Dates and numbers</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Images</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Layout" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Layout">Layout</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lead_section" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lead section">Lead section</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Linking" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Linking">Linking</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style/Lists" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Lists">Lists</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;">Classification</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categories,_lists,_and_navigation_templates" title="Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates">Categories, lists, and navigation templates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Categorization" title="Wikipedia:Categorization">Categorization</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Template_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Template namespace">Template namespace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;">Project content <span class="rt-commentedText tooltip tooltip-dotted" title="protocols related to administration">(?)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="G" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal;"><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><abbr title="Guidelines"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Project_namespace" title="Wikipedia:Project namespace">Project namespace</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:WikiProject_Council/Guide" title="Wikipedia:WikiProject Council/Guide">WikiProjects</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:User_pages" title="Wikipedia:User pages">User pages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Userboxes" title="Wikipedia:Userboxes">User boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Shortcut" title="Wikipedia:Shortcut">Shortcuts</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Subpages" title="Wikipedia:Subpages">Subpages</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="text-align: center;;width:6.9em;text-align:left;;background: #dddddd;color:inherit;"><abbr title="Wikimedia Foundation">WMF</abbr> <abbr title="official policies and statements of the Wikimedia Foundation">(?)</abbr></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="P" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;text-align:left; font-weight: normal; background: #e6e6e6;color:inherit;"><b><span style="color:#118811;"><abbr title="Policies"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></abbr></span></b></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policy:Universal_Code_of_Conduct" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policy:Universal Code of Conduct">Universal Code of Conduct</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Terms_of_Use" class="extiw" title="wmf:Terms of Use">Terms of Use</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Policies" class="extiw" title="wmf:Policies">List of policies</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Friendly_space_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Friendly space policy">Friendly space policy</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Resolution:Licensing_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Resolution:Licensing policy">Licensing and copyright</a></li> <li><a href="https://foundation.wikimedia.org/wiki/Privacy_policy" class="extiw" title="wmf:Privacy policy">Privacy policy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align: center;;font-weight: normal;"><div> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies_and_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of policies and guidelines">List of all policies and guidelines</a></b> <ul><li><b><span style="color:#118811;"><span style="font-size:120%">P</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_policies" title="Wikipedia:List of policies">List of policies</a></b></li> <li><b><span style="color:#0077A4;"><span style="font-size:120%">G</span></span></b>: <b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:List_of_guidelines" title="Wikipedia:List of guidelines">List of guidelines</a></b></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Principles" title="Wikipedia:Principles">Summaries of values and principles</a></b></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" 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