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<span>Work and influence</span> </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Work_and_influence-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Work and influence subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Work_and_influence-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Aurelian's_tonaries" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurelian's_tonaries"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.1</span> <span>Aurelian's tonaries</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Aurelian's_tonaries-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Aurelian's_music_theory" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Aurelian's_music_theory"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2.2</span> <span>Aurelian's music theory</span> </div> </a> <ul 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<div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Aurelian of Réôme</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. 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class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">Frankish writer and music theorist (fl. c. 840 – 850)</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"Musica disciplina" redirects here. For the modern journal, see <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Musicology#Musica_Disciplina" title="American Institute of Musicology">American Institute of Musicology § Musica Disciplina</a>.</div> <p><b>Aurelian of Réôme</b> (<b>Aurelianus Reomensis</b>) (fl. c. 840 – 850) was a <a href="/wiki/Franks" title="Franks">Frankish</a> writer and <a href="/wiki/Music_theory" title="Music theory">music theorist</a>. He is the author of the <i>Musica disciplina</i>, the earliest extant treatise on <a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">music</a> from <a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">medieval</a> Europe. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Life">Life</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Life"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Next to nothing is known about his life but what can be inferred by the treatise itself. For a time he was a member of the monastery at <a href="/wiki/Saint_Jean_de_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint Jean de Réôme">Saint Jean de Réôme</a>, in the <a href="/wiki/C%C3%B4te-d%27Or" title="Côte-d'Or">Côte-d'Or</a> near the present-day town of <a href="/wiki/Moutiers-Saint-Jean" title="Moutiers-Saint-Jean">Moutiers-Saint-Jean</a>. Aurelian said in his treatise that he was a former monk of Réôme, but had been dismissed from the community for an unspecified offense; he wrote the treatise as a form of penance, both at the request of his colleagues who needed his specialized knowledge, and as an attempt to supplicate Abbot Bernard of St Jean de Réôme; whether or not he was admitted back into the monastery as a result of his writing is not known. There is a record of an abbot named Bernard at St Jean de Réôme beginning in 846, who shortly afterward became <a href="/wiki/Bishop_of_Autun" class="mw-redirect" title="Bishop of Autun">bishop of Autun</a>; this has helped establish the date for the treatise.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>There has been an attempt to associate Aurelian of Réôme with Aurelian, <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Lyon" class="mw-redirect" title="Archbishop of Lyon">archbishop of Lyon</a> from 876 to 895, but the evidence for this is circumstantial at best. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Work_and_influence">Work and influence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Work and influence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <i>Musica disciplina</i> is like the other more famous contemporary treatises (<i><a href="/wiki/Musica_enchiriadis" title="Musica enchiriadis">Musica</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Scolica_enchiriadis" title="Scolica enchiriadis">Scolica enchiriadis</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Hucbald_of_Saint-Amand" class="mw-redirect" title="Hucbald of Saint-Amand">Hucbald of Saint-Amand</a>, <a href="/wiki/Regino_of_Pr%C3%BCm" title="Regino of Prüm">Regino of Prüm</a> etc.) one of the earliest Carolingian chant treatises which combine the reception of Ancient Greek music theory (ἁρμονικαὶ) with questions relevant to the contemporary performance of liturgical chant. <a href="/wiki/Isidore_of_Seville" title="Isidore of Seville">Isidore of Seville</a> wrote with a similar impact on contemporary Visigothic chant about music, while his subject was the music of antiquity as well. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aurelian's_tonaries"><span id="Aurelian.27s_tonaries"></span>Aurelian's tonaries</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Aurelian's tonaries"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Aurelian's work is one of the earliest authors concerned about Carolingian <a href="/wiki/Plainchant" class="mw-redirect" title="Plainchant">plainchant</a>, still within the period during which <a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> became standardized by its oral transmission in northern and western Europe. One copy became the earliest extant sample of <a href="/wiki/Musical_notation" title="Musical notation">musical notation</a>, although it was added later.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Hence, the particular notational scheme which was used so far by a later scribe resisted definitive interpretation, and it only appears randomly in the earliest manuscript.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>One of the most important topics covered in the <i>Musica disciplina</i>, to contemporary scholars, is the eight Tones (<a href="/wiki/Hagiopolitan_Octoechos" title="Hagiopolitan Octoechos">octoechos</a>), today known as the <a href="/wiki/Church_modes" class="mw-redirect" title="Church modes">church modes</a> which Aurelian called "toni". As sources of the mathematic science, Aurelian used Isidore of Seville, <a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus</a>, and above all <a href="/wiki/Anicius_Manlius_Severinus_Boethius" class="mw-redirect" title="Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius">Boethius</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> but the eight Tones were more likely imported from <a href="/wiki/Byzantine_music" title="Byzantine music">Byzantine music</a> during the 8th century, though his treatise belonged to a Carolingian chant treatise type called <a href="/wiki/Tonary" title="Tonary">tonary</a> (chapter IX-XVII).<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The treatise was completed by several lists and descriptions of more than 100 chants. Like other tonaries of the time, no musical notation had been used originally. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Aurelian's_music_theory"><span id="Aurelian.27s_music_theory"></span>Aurelian's music theory</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Aurelian's music theory"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>He did not only refer to the octave species (modi) used by the <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greeks" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greeks">ancient Greeks</a> as well as by Boethius (<a href="/wiki/Dorian_mode" title="Dorian mode">Dorian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Phrygian_mode" title="Phrygian mode">Phrygian</a>, etc.), he also used names of intonation formulas communicated between chanters, such as <i>noannoeane</i>, and <i>noeagis</i>. They were obviously inspired by the <a href="/wiki/Hagiopolitan_Octoechos#protos" title="Hagiopolitan Octoechos">Byzantine enechemata</a>, but not identical.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the 8th chapter he also included the fascinating bit that <a href="/wiki/Charlemagne" title="Charlemagne">Charlemagne</a> himself had commanded that four more Tones should be added to the existing eight, making a total of twelve.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the discussion of 15 octave species (chapter VI),<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Aurelian ascends from the lowest octave of Hypodorian (A—g—a) up to the highest octave a ninth higher which he called "Hyperlydian" (b—aa—bb). Including this conclusion at the end, the whole passage was compiled literally from <a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Aurelius Cassiodorus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> This only reference to a triphonic tone system within Carolingian chant theory, also known as the "lesser perfect system" within the Aristoxenian school,<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> was probably the reason for Aurelian's own name as author and compiler of music theory. It proves that the early use of b flat was more influenced by triphonia. The tone system behind the 15 octaves is built in three conjunct ("synemmena") tetrachords (ypodorius—dorius—hyperdorius: A—D—G—c), with another tetrachord below (hypo) and a third one above (hyper).<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Within triphonia, three species like Dorian (D—c—d defined by the tetrachord <i>tone—half tone—tone</i>), Phrygian (E—d—e defined by the tetrachord <i>half tone—tone—tone</i>), and Lydian were already enough to represent the tone system, as it was needed during the use of b flat. But Cassiodorus' simplification corrupted the Lydian tonus, so that the tetrachords were based on C#—F#—b—e as a kind of transposed Phrygian species, and the Eolian tonus (C—F—♭—e♭) replaced it. </p><p>A current matter of controversy is in as much the <i>Musica disciplina</i> belonged to the tradition of the mathematical science music, and in as much it contributed within the <a href="/wiki/Carolingian_Renaissance" title="Carolingian Renaissance">Carolingian Renaissance</a> simply as a chant manual called "tonary," which supported the oral transmission of Carolingian reform chant. Music as science had only been revived in the late 8th century by <a href="/wiki/Alcuin" title="Alcuin">Alcuin</a>, as part of a campaign to revive all of the liberal arts of antiquity, and which was another purpose of the Carolingian Renaissance. </p><p>There may have been prior, lost works on music from the late 8th and early 9th centuries; but if so, Aurelian makes no reference to them. In addition, Aurelian made many mistakes interpreting Boethius. Other topics covered in the <i>Musica disciplina</i> include the "<a href="/wiki/Musica_universalis" title="Musica universalis">music of the spheres</a>," the ethical and moral effects of music, and musical proportions; in addition he includes a narrative about the inventors of music, for example <a href="/wiki/Pythagoras" title="Pythagoras">Pythagoras</a> and <a href="/wiki/Jubal_(Bible)" title="Jubal (Bible)">Jubal</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References_and_further_reading">References and further reading</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References and further reading"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width reflist-columns-2"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Michael Glatthaar (<a href="#Gla11">2011</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Paleofrankish neumes had been added to the earliest copy of the treatise at <a href="/wiki/Saint-Amand_Abbey" title="Saint-Amand Abbey">Saint-Amand Abbey</a> (<a href="#FVal148">F-VAL ms. 148</a>, fol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452635b/f147.item">71v</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It is simply a matter of speculation to assume, whether this notator tried to remember the correct enechema used within Aurelian's school at Réôme or just underlaid the formula according to his school, probably the one of Saint-Amand Abbey. She or he did it only randomly and mainly in the chapter IX which is rather an introduction to the tonary parts of Aurelian's treatise. As the common form is known as a descent through the protus pentachord, the neumes of the "authentus protus" enechema for "NO—NAN—NO—E—A—NE" might be deciphered as "a—G—FE—G—FE—D" and its "plagis" "NO—E—A—NE" or "NO—E—A—GIS" as "DC-D(E)F—G—FE—D" the brackets surround the ornamental note in the middle of a <a href="/wiki/Neume" title="Neume">quilisma</a> (<a href="#PowNG">Powers, ex. 2</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Barbara Haggh (<a href="#Hag01">2001</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In fact, there are two additional tonaries in chapter XVIII and XIX, while already other parts had been identified as later revisions of Aurelian's treatise which already document his influence during the time, when the inventary of the tonary of Metz has been created. For a presentation of the current discussion and datation see Michel Huglo's "Notes" (<a href="#Hug71">2011</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In chapter IX, he asked a Greek about the "meaning" of these intonation syllables (see translation in <a href="/wiki/Tonary#The_Carolingian_names_or_"Byzantine"_intonations_for_the_8_tones" title="Tonary">tonary</a>). It is this chapter with inserted neumes, which attracted the Byzantinist Jørgen Raasted (<a href="#Raa88">1988</a>) to study Aurelian's <i>Musica disciplina</i> as a source for Byzantine chant of the 9th century.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">It would not be until the 16th century that the remaining four modes were again defined; this occurred in the <i>Dodecachordon</i> of <a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Glarean" title="Heinrich Glarean">Heinrich Glarean</a>.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See <a href="#FVal148">F-VAL ms. 148</a>, fol. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452635b/f138.item">67r-68r</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">"De musica" as the chapter V, §8 of "De artibus ac disciplinis liberalium litterarum" (<a href="#CasGS">Gerbert 1784, i:17-18</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">See Mathiesen's article about Ancient Greece (<a href="#MatNG">table 1</a>).</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">In general, scholars of Western chant tend to underestimate this oriental influence, because they find no practical use for it and already Cassiodorus' interpretation is based on a misunderstanding—probably of another Latin source, which was nearly as popular as Boethius' music treatise: <a href="/wiki/Martianus_Capella" title="Martianus Capella">Martianus Capella</a>'s <i>De nuptiis Philologiae et Mercurii</i> (Liber IX De harmonia). Even the reproduction of the wing diagram (taken from Munich, <a href="/wiki/Bayerische_Staatsbibliothek" class="mw-redirect" title="Bayerische Staatsbibliothek">Bayerische Staatsbibliothek</a>, Ms. clm 14629, fol. 220r) could not convince Charles Atkinson (<a href="#Atk08">2008, 72</a>), that Cassiodorus' diatonic tropes in chromatic order were based on a diatonic interpretation of the chromatic Iastian and enharmonic Eolian division, so that the Lydian tonus became based on F#. Commentaries by <a href="/wiki/John_Scotus_Eriugena" title="John Scotus Eriugena">John Scotus Eriugena</a> and <a href="/wiki/Remigius_of_Auxerre" title="Remigius of Auxerre">Remigius of Auxerre</a> testified the difficulties, that Carolingian philosophers had, when they tried to understand the practical use of temporary changes from the diatonic to the enharmonic or the chromatic genus (<a href="#Atk08">Atkinson 2008, 65-84</a>).</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sources">Sources</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="FVal148" class="citation web cs1">Aurelian of Réôme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8452635b/f120.item">"Valenciennes, Bibliothèque municipale, Ms. 148, ff.57v-89r"</a>. <i>"Musica disciplina", Abbey Saint-Amand (ca. 880-885)</i>. Gallica.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=%22Musica+disciplina%22%2C+Abbey+Saint-Amand+%28ca.+880-885%29&rft.atitle=Valenciennes%2C+Biblioth%C3%A8que+municipale%2C+Ms.+148%2C+ff.57v-89r&rft.au=Aurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fgallica.bnf.fr%2Fark%3A%2F12148%2Fbtv1b8452635b%2Ff120.item&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAurelian_of_Réôme" class="citation web cs1">Aurelian of Réôme. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://digital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk/objects/f1492d97-995d-4d2a-8658-37a15c632cb3/">"Oxford, Bodleian Library, Ms. Canon. Misc. 212, ff.40r-48v"</a>. <i>The folios of "Musica disciplina" have not been published yet. Collection of music treatises of the 14th century</i>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+folios+of+%22Musica+disciplina%22+have+not+been+published+yet.+Collection+of+music+treatises+of+the+14th+century.&rft.atitle=Oxford%2C+Bodleian+Library%2C+Ms.+Canon.+Misc.+212%2C+ff.40r-48v&rft.au=Aurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdigital.bodleian.ox.ac.uk%2Fobjects%2Ff1492d97-995d-4d2a-8658-37a15c632cb3%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Editions">Editions</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Editions"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Aur1784" class="citation cs2">Aurelianus Reomensis (1784), "Musica disciplina", in Gerbert, Martin (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530114621/http://boethius.music.indiana.edu/tml/9th-11th/AURMUS"><i>Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra potissimum</i></a>, vol. 1 (Hildesheim 1963 reprint ed.), St Blaise: Typis San-Blasianis, pp. <span class="nowrap">27–</span>63, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boethius.music.indiana.edu/tml/9th-11th/AURMUS">the original</a> on 2016-05-30<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-05-13</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Musica+disciplina&rft.btitle=Scriptores+ecclesiastici+de+musica+sacra+potissimum&rft.place=St+Blaise&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E27-%3C%2Fspan%3E63&rft.edition=Hildesheim+1963+reprint&rft.pub=Typis+San-Blasianis&rft.date=1784&rft.au=Aurelianus+Reomensis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboethius.music.indiana.edu%2Ftml%2F9th-11th%2FAURMUS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <p>Edition based on Valenciennes, Bibliothèque municipale, Ms. <a href="#FVal148">148</a>, ff.57v-89r: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="StAmandMD" class="citation book cs1">Gushee, Lawrence, ed. (1975). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://chmtl.indiana.edu/tml/9th-11th/AURMD_TEXT.html"><i>Aureliani Reomensis Musica disciplina</i></a>. Corpus scriptorum de musica. Vol. 21. Rome: American Institute of Musicology. pp. <span class="nowrap">53–</span>135.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Aureliani+Reomensis+Musica+disciplina&rft.place=Rome&rft.series=Corpus+scriptorum+de+musica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E53-%3C%2Fspan%3E135&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Musicology&rft.date=1975&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fchmtl.indiana.edu%2Ftml%2F9th-11th%2FAURMD_TEXT.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <p>Alternative edition based on Oxford, Bodleian Library, Canonici misc. 212, ff.40r-48v. 8.38-10.29: </p> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="OxfordMD" class="citation book cs1">Aurelianus Reomensis (1975). Gushee, Lawrence (ed.). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boethius.music.indiana.edu/tml/9th-11th/AURMD"><i>Musica disciplina, cap. VIII-XVI</i></a>. Corpus scriptorum de musica. Vol. 21. Rome: <a href="/wiki/American_Institute_of_Musicology" title="American Institute of Musicology">American Institute of Musicology</a>. pp. <span class="nowrap">136–</span>153.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Musica+disciplina%2C+cap.+VIII-XVI&rft.place=Rome&rft.series=Corpus+scriptorum+de+musica&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E136-%3C%2Fspan%3E153&rft.pub=American+Institute+of+Musicology&rft.date=1975&rft.au=Aurelianus+Reomensis&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboethius.music.indiana.edu%2Ftml%2F9th-11th%2FAURMD&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CasGS" class="citation cs2"><a href="/wiki/Cassiodorus" title="Cassiodorus">Cassiodorus, Aurelius</a> (1784), "Caput V. Libri Cassiodori de artibus ac disciplinis liberalium litterarum", in Gerbert, Martin (ed.), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://boethius.music.indiana.edu/tml/6th-8th/CASINS"><i>Scriptores ecclesiastici de musica sacra potissimum</i></a>, vol. 1 (Hildesheim 1963 reprint ed.), St Blaise: Typis San-Blasianis, pp. <span class="nowrap">15–</span>19</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Caput+V.+Libri+Cassiodori+de+artibus+ac+disciplinis+liberalium+litterarum&rft.btitle=Scriptores+ecclesiastici+de+musica+sacra+potissimum&rft.place=St+Blaise&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E15-%3C%2Fspan%3E19&rft.edition=Hildesheim+1963+reprint&rft.pub=Typis+San-Blasianis&rft.date=1784&rft.aulast=Cassiodorus&rft.aufirst=Aurelius&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fboethius.music.indiana.edu%2Ftml%2F6th-8th%2FCASINS&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Studies">Studies</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Studies"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Atk08" class="citation book cs1">Atkinson, Charles M. (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=C8u2MaG5gN4C"><i>The critical nexus: Tone-System, Mode, and Notation in Early Medieval Music</i></a>. Oxford, New York [etc.]: Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514888-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-514888-6"><bdi>978-0-19-514888-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+critical+nexus%3A+Tone-System%2C+Mode%2C+and+Notation+in+Early+Medieval+Music&rft.place=Oxford%2C+New+York+%5Betc.%5D&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-0-19-514888-6&rft.aulast=Atkinson&rft.aufirst=Charles+M.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DC8u2MaG5gN4C&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="AurNG" class="citation web cs1">Bellingham, Jane. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/01536">"Aurelian of Réôme"</a>. <i>Grove Music Online. Oxford Music Online</i>. Oxford University Press<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Grove+Music+Online.+Oxford+Music+Online&rft.atitle=Aurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&rft.aulast=Bellingham&rft.aufirst=Jane&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fmusic%2F01536&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Gla11" class="citation journal cs1">Glatthaar, Michael (2011). "Bernard von Réome und die Datierung der "Musica disciplina" Aurelians". <i>Revue Bénédictine</i>. <b>121</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">357–</span>381. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1484%2FJ.RB.5.100458">10.1484/J.RB.5.100458</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Revue+B%C3%A9n%C3%A9dictine&rft.atitle=Bernard+von+R%C3%A9ome+und+die+Datierung+der+%22Musica+disciplina%22+Aurelians&rft.volume=121&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E357-%3C%2Fspan%3E381&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1484%2FJ.RB.5.100458&rft.aulast=Glatthaar&rft.aufirst=Michael&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Hag01" class="citation book cs1">Haggh, Barbara (2001). "Aurelian's Library". <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www-app.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/PKGG/Musikwissenschaft/Cantus/studygroup/papers/1998.php"><i>Cantus Planus: Papers read at the ninth meeting, Esztergom and Visegrád 1998</i></a>. Budapest: Magyar Tudomanyos Akademia. pp. <span class="nowrap">271–</span>300.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Aurelian%27s+Library&rft.btitle=Cantus+Planus%3A+Papers+read+at+the+ninth+meeting%2C+Esztergom+and+Visegr%C3%A1d+1998&rft.place=Budapest&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E271-%3C%2Fspan%3E300&rft.pub=Magyar+Tudomanyos+Akademia&rft.date=2001&rft.aulast=Haggh&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww-app.uni-regensburg.de%2FFakultaeten%2FPKGG%2FMusikwissenschaft%2FCantus%2Fstudygroup%2Fpapers%2F1998.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li>Hoppin, Richard H. <i>Medieval Music</i>. New York, W.W. Norton & Co., 1978. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-393-09090-6" title="Special:BookSources/0-393-09090-6">0-393-09090-6</a>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Hug71" class="citation book cs1">Huglo, Michel (1971). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musmed.fr/AdMMAe/reprints.htm"><i>Les Tonaires: Inventaire, Analyse, Comparaison [avec "Notes sur la réproduction de mes 'Tonaires' en pdf", 2012]</i></a>. Publications de la Société française de musicologie. Vol. 2. Paris: Société française de musicologie.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Les+Tonaires%3A+Inventaire%2C+Analyse%2C+Comparaison+%5Bavec+%22Notes+sur+la+r%C3%A9production+de+mes+%27Tonaires%27+en+pdf%22%2C+2012%5D&rft.place=Paris&rft.series=Publications+de+la+Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fran%C3%A7aise+de+musicologie&rft.pub=Soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9+fran%C3%A7aise+de+musicologie&rft.date=1971&rft.aulast=Huglo&rft.aufirst=Michel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musmed.fr%2FAdMMAe%2Freprints.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="MatNG" class="citation encyclopaedia cs1">Mathiesen, Thomas J. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/11694pg1">"Greece, §1: Ancient, 6. Music theory, (iii) Aristoxenian tradition, (a) Notes"</a>. <i>Grove Music Online</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">30 October</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Greece%2C+%C2%A71%3A+Ancient%2C+6.+Music+theory%2C+%28iii%29+Aristoxenian+tradition%2C+%28a%29+Notes&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.aulast=Mathiesen&rft.aufirst=Thomas+J.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fmusic%2F11694pg1&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="PowNG" class="citation cs2">Powers, Harold, "Mode, § II Medieval Modal Theory, 2. Carolingian synthesis, 9th–10th centuries", <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.oxfordmusiconline.com/subscriber/article/grove/music/43718pg2"><i>Grove Music Online</i></a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">25 September</span> 2013</span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Mode%2C+%C2%A7+II+Medieval+Modal+Theory%2C+2.+Carolingian+synthesis%2C+9th%E2%80%9310th+centuries&rft.btitle=Grove+Music+Online&rft.aulast=Powers&rft.aufirst=Harold&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oxfordmusiconline.com%2Fsubscriber%2Farticle%2Fgrove%2Fmusic%2F43718pg2&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span>.</li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="Raa88" class="citation book cs1">Raasted, Jørgen (1988). "Die Jubili Finales und die Verwendung von interkalierten Vokalisen in der Gesangspraxis der Byzantiner". In Brandl, Rudolf Maria (ed.). <i>Griechische Musik und Europa: Antike, Byzanz, Volksmusik der Neuzeit; Symposion "Die Beziehung der griechischen Musik zur Europäischen Musiktradition" vom 9. - 11. Mai 1986 in Würzburg</i>. Orbis musicarum. Aachen: Ed. Herodot. pp. <span class="nowrap">67–</span>80. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-924007-77-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-924007-77-5"><bdi>978-3-924007-77-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Die+Jubili+Finales+und+die+Verwendung+von+interkalierten+Vokalisen+in+der+Gesangspraxis+der+Byzantiner&rft.btitle=Griechische+Musik+und+Europa%3A+Antike%2C+Byzanz%2C+Volksmusik+der+Neuzeit%3B+Symposion+%22Die+Beziehung+der+griechischen+Musik+zur+Europ%C3%A4ischen+Musiktradition%22+vom+9.+-+11.+Mai+1986+in+W%C3%BCrzburg&rft.place=Aachen&rft.series=Orbis+musicarum&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E67-%3C%2Fspan%3E80&rft.pub=Ed.+Herodot&rft.date=1988&rft.isbn=978-3-924007-77-5&rft.aulast=Raasted&rft.aufirst=J%C3%B8rgen&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Aurelian_of_R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMeyer" class="citation web cs1">Meyer, Christian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.lml.badw-muenchen.de/info/index.htm">"Sources of Medieval Music Theory"</a>. Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften online<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Sources+of+Medieval+Music+Theory&rft.pub=Bayerische+Akademie+der+Wissenschaften+online&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Christian&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.lml.badw-muenchen.de%2Finfo%2Findex.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWarszawski" class="citation web cs1">Warszawski, Jean-Marc. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.musicologie.org/Biographies/a/aurelien_de_reome.html">"Aurélien de Réôme"</a>. Musicologie.org<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">16 December</span> 2013</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Aur%C3%A9lien+de+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me&rft.pub=Musicologie.org&rft.aulast=Warszawski&rft.aufirst=Jean-Marc&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.musicologie.org%2FBiographies%2Fa%2Faurelien_de_reome.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AAurelian+of+R%C3%A9%C3%B4me" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl 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this template" style="color:black">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval_music" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Medieval music"><abbr title="Edit this template" style="color:black">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Medieval_music861" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music" title="Medieval music">Medieval music</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_composers" title="List of medieval composers">List of composers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_music_theorists" title="List of medieval music theorists">List of music theorists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_medieval_musical_instruments" class="mw-redirect" title="List of medieval musical instruments">List of musical instruments</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Early_medieval_music_(500–1000)" title="Medieval music">Early (before 1150)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Abbey_of_Saint_Gall" title="Abbey of Saint Gall">Abbey of Saint Gall</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notker_the_Stammerer" title="Notker the Stammerer">Notker the Stammerer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tuotilo" title="Tuotilo">Tuotilo</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_of_Li%C3%A8ge" title="Stephen of Liège">Stephen of Liège</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Hucbald" title="Hucbald">Hucbald</a>*</span></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Cluny" title="Odo of Cluny">Odo of Cluny</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fulbert_of_Chartres" title="Fulbert of Chartres">Fulbert of Chartres</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heriger_of_Lobbes" title="Heriger of Lobbes">Heriger of Lobbes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Saint_Martial_school" title="Saint Martial school">Saint Martial school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ad%C3%A9mar_de_Chabannes" title="Adémar de Chabannes">Adémar de Chabannes</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Odo_of_Arezzo" title="Odo of Arezzo">Odo of Arezzo</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Physicus" title="Notker Physicus">Notker Physicus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Godric_of_Finchale" title="Godric of Finchale">St. Godric</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Abelard" title="Peter Abelard">Peter Abelard</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hildegard_of_Bingen" title="Hildegard of Bingen">Hildegard of Bingen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_of_Saint_Victor" title="Adam of Saint Victor">Adam of Saint Victor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wulfstan_the_Cantor" title="Wulfstan the Cantor">Wulfstan the Cantor</a>?</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wipo_of_Burgundy" title="Wipo of Burgundy">Wipo of Burgundy</a>?</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#High_medieval_music_(1000–1300)" title="Medieval music">High (1150–1300)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_antiqua" title="Ars antiqua">Ars antiqua</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Notre-Dame_school" title="Notre-Dame school">Notre-Dame school</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Albertus_Parisiensis" title="Albertus Parisiensis">Albertus Parisiensis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/L%C3%A9onin" title="Léonin">Léonin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P%C3%A9rotin" title="Pérotin">Pérotin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Chancellor" title="Philip the Chancellor">Philippe le Chancelier</a></li></ul></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Cruce" title="Petrus de Cruce">Petrus de Cruce</a>*</span></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Troubadour" title="Troubadour">Troubadour</a><br />& <a href="/wiki/Trobairitz" title="Trobairitz">Trobairitz</a>*</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aimeric_de_Peguilhan" title="Aimeric de Peguilhan">Aimeric de Peguilhan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_Daniel" title="Arnaut Daniel">Arnaut Daniel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnaut_de_Mareuil" title="Arnaut de Mareuil">Arnaut de Mareuil</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bernart_de_Ventadorn" title="Bernart de Ventadorn">Bernart de Ventadorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bertran_de_Born" title="Bertran de Born">Bertran de Born</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Castelloza" title="Castelloza">Castelloza</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cerver%C3%AD_de_Girona" title="Cerverí de Girona">Cerverí de Girona</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comtessa_de_Dia" title="Comtessa de Dia">Comtessa de Dia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Folquet_de_Marselha" title="Folquet de Marselha">Folquet de Marselha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gaucelm_Faidit" title="Gaucelm Faidit">Gaucelm Faidit</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giraut_de_Bornelh" title="Giraut de Bornelh">Giraut de Bornelh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiraut_Riquier" title="Guiraut Riquier">Guiraut Riquier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jaufre_Rudel" title="Jaufre Rudel">Jaufre Rudel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcabru" title="Marcabru">Marcabru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_d%27Alvernha" class="mw-redirect" title="Peire d'Alvernha">Peire d'Alvernha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Cardenal" title="Peire Cardenal">Peire Cardenal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peire_Vidal" title="Peire Vidal">Peire Vidal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peirol" title="Peirol">Peirol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perdigon" title="Perdigon">Perdigon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_d%27Aurenga" title="Raimbaut d'Aurenga">Raimbaut d'Aurenga</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimbaut_de_Vaqueiras" title="Raimbaut de Vaqueiras">Raimbaut de Vaqueiras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raimon_de_Miravalh" class="mw-redirect" title="Raimon de Miravalh">Raimon de Miravalh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sordello" title="Sordello">Sordello</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_IX,_Duke_of_Aquitaine" title="William IX, Duke of Aquitaine">William IX, Duke of Aquitaine</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_troubadours_and_trobairitz" title="List of troubadours and trobairitz">Other troubadours and trobairitz...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re" title="Trouvère">Trouvère</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Adam_de_la_Halle" title="Adam de la Halle">Adam de la Halle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrieu_Contredit_d%27Arras" title="Andrieu Contredit d'Arras">Andrieu Contredit d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Audefroi_le_Bastart" title="Audefroi le Bastart">Audefroi le Bastart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Blondel_de_Nesle" title="Blondel de Nesle">Blondel de Nesle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Le_Chastelain_de_Couci" title="Le Chastelain de Couci">Le Chastelain de Couci</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chr%C3%A9tien_de_Troyes" title="Chrétien de Troyes">Chrétien de Troyes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colin_Muset" title="Colin Muset">Colin Muset</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conon_de_B%C3%A9thune" class="mw-redirect" title="Conon de Béthune">Conon de Béthune</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gace_Brul%C3%A9" title="Gace Brulé">Gace Brulé</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Coincy" title="Gautier de Coincy">Gautier de Coincy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_de_Dargies" title="Gautier de Dargies">Gautier de Dargies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gautier_d%27Espinal" title="Gautier d'Espinal">Gautier d'Espinal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gillebert_de_Berneville" title="Gillebert de Berneville">Gillebert de Berneville</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gontier_de_Soignies" title="Gontier de Soignies">Gontier de Soignies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_le_Vinier" title="Guillaume le Vinier">Guillaume le Vinier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guiot_de_Dijon" title="Guiot de Dijon">Guiot de Dijon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Bretel" title="Jehan Bretel">Jehan Bretel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Erart" title="Jehan Erart">Jehan Erart</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_le_Cuvelier_d%27Arras" title="Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras">Jehan le Cuvelier d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Moniot_d%27Arras" title="Moniot d'Arras">Moniot d'Arras</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Perrin_d%27Angicourt" title="Perrin d'Angicourt">Perrin d'Angicourt</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_R%C3%A9mi_(died_1265)" title="Philippe de Rémi (died 1265)">Philippe de Rémi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raoul_de_Soissons" title="Raoul de Soissons">Raoul de Soissons</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Trouv%C3%A8re#List_of_trouvères" title="Trouvère">Other trouvères...</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Casella_(Divine_Comedy)" title="Casella (Divine Comedy)">Casella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Goliard" class="mw-redirect" title="Goliard">Goliards</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minnesang" title="Minnesang">Minnesang</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galician-Portuguese_lyric" title="Galician-Portuguese lyric">Galician-Portuguese lyric</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Galician-Portuguese_troubadours" title="List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours">List of Galician-Portuguese troubadours</a></li></ul></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Medieval_music#Late_medieval_music_(1300–1400)" title="Medieval music">Late (1300–1400)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_nova" title="Ars nova">Ars nova</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <li><a href="/wiki/F._Andrieu" title="F. Andrieu">F. Andrieu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Denis_Le_Grant" title="Denis Le Grant">Denis Le Grant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Magister_Franciscus" title="Magister Franciscus">Magister Franciscus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grimace_(composer)" title="Grimace (composer)">Grimace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_de_Lescurel" title="Jehan de Lescurel">Jehan de Lescurel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_de_Machaut" title="Guillaume de Machaut">Guillaume de Machaut</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/P._des_Molins" title="P. des Molins">P. des Molins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehan_Vaillant" title="Jehan Vaillant">Jehan Vaillant</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Philippe_de_Vitry" title="Philippe de Vitry">Philippe de Vitry</a>*</span></li> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Trecento59" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Music_of_the_Trecento" title="Music of the Trecento">Trecento</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Predecessors12" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Predecessors</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Marchetto_da_Padova" title="Marchetto da Padova">Marchetto da Padova</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">1st generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_da_Cascia" title="Giovanni da Cascia">Giovanni da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacopo_da_Bologna" title="Jacopo da Bologna">Jacopo da Bologna</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maestro_Piero" title="Maestro Piero">Maestro Piero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vincenzo_da_Rimini" title="Vincenzo da Rimini">Vincenzo da Rimini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">2nd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Andreas_de_Florentia" title="Andreas de Florentia">Andreas de Florentia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donato_da_Cascia" title="Donato da Cascia">Donato da Cascia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Francesco_Landini" title="Francesco Landini">Francesco Landini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gherardello_da_Firenze" title="Gherardello da Firenze">Gherardello da Firenze</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lorenzo_da_Firenze" title="Lorenzo da Firenze">Lorenzo da Firenze</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paolo_da_Firenze" title="Paolo da Firenze">Paolo da Firenze</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">3rd generation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bartolino_da_Padova" title="Bartolino da Padova">Bartolino da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antonello_da_Caserta" title="Antonello da Caserta">Antonello da Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matteo_da_Perugia" title="Matteo da Perugia">Matteo da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Mazzuoli" title="Giovanni Mazzuoli">Giovanni Mazzuoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grazioso_da_Padova" title="Grazioso da Padova">Grazioso da Padova</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2_da_Perugia" title="Niccolò da Perugia">Niccolò da Perugia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sant_Omer" title="Sant Omer">Sant Omer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Zacara da Teramo</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i><a href="/wiki/Ars_subtilior" title="Ars subtilior">Ars subtilior</a></i></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Borlet" title="Borlet">Borlet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philippus_de_Caserta" title="Philippus de Caserta">Philippus de Caserta</a></li> <li><span style="background-color: #EEF;color:black;"><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Ciconia" title="Johannes Ciconia">Johannes Ciconia</a>*</span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conradus_de_Pistoria" title="Conradus de Pistoria">Conradus de Pistoria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baude_Cordier" title="Baude Cordier">Baude Cordier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cuvelier" title="Johannes Cuvelier">Johannes Cuvelier</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egardus" title="Egardus">Egardus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Egidius_(Chantilly_Codex_composer)" title="Egidius (Chantilly Codex composer)">Egidius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martinus_Fabri" title="Martinus Fabri">Martinus Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petrus_de_Goscalch" title="Petrus de Goscalch">Petrus de Goscalch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Symonis_Hasprois" title="Johannes Symonis Hasprois">Johannes Symonis Hasprois</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matheus_de_Sancto_Johanne" title="Matheus de Sancto Johanne">Matheus de Sancto Johanne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gacian_Reyneau" title="Gacian Reyneau">Gacian Reyneau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/S_Uciredor" title="S Uciredor">Rodericus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jacob_Senleches" title="Jacob Senleches">Jacob Senleches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Solage" title="Solage">Solage</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Susay" title="Johannes Susay">Johannes Susay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zacara_da_Teramo" title="Zacara da Teramo">Antonio Zacara da Teramo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trebor_(composer)" title="Trebor (composer)">Trebor</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div> </div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Alanus" title="Johannes Alanus">Johannes Alanus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Dunstaple" title="John Dunstaple">John Dunstaple</a> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Contenance_angloise" title="Contenance angloise">Contenance angloise</a></i></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Fabri" title="Thomas Fabri">Thomas Fabri</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roy_Henry" title="Roy Henry">Roy Henry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arnold_de_Lantins" title="Arnold de Lantins">Arnold de Lantins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Leonel_Power" title="Leonel Power">Leonel Power</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/W._de_Wycombe" title="W. de Wycombe">W. de Wycombe</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Theorists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anonymous_IV" title="Anonymous IV">Anonymous IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guido_of_Arezzo" title="Guido of Arezzo">Guido of Arezzo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Franco_of_Cologne" title="Franco of Cologne">Franco of Cologne</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_Cotto" title="Johannes Cotto">Johannes Cotto</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Garlandia_(music_theorist)" title="Johannes de Garlandia (music theorist)">Johannes de Garlandia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Grocheio" title="Johannes de Grocheio">Johannes de Grocheio</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iacobus_de_Ispania" class="mw-redirect" title="Iacobus de Ispania">Iacobus de Ispania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notker_Labeo" title="Notker Labeo">Notker Labeo</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Johannes_de_Muris" title="Johannes de Muris">Johannes de Muris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Walter_Odington" title="Walter Odington">Walter Odington</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berno_of_Reichenau" title="Berno of Reichenau">Berno of Reichenau</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Aurelian of Réôme</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Musical forms</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiphon" title="Antiphon">Antiphon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Canso_(song)" title="Canso (song)">Canso</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carol_(music)" title="Carol (music)">Carol</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chanson" title="Chanson">Chanson</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Chansonnier" title="Chansonnier">Chansonnier</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chant" title="Chant">Chant</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conductus" title="Conductus">Conductus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Estampie" title="Estampie">Estampie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Formes_fixes" title="Formes fixes">Formes fixes</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ballade_(forme_fixe)" title="Ballade (forme fixe)">Ballade</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rondeau_(forme_fixe)" title="Rondeau (forme fixe)">Rondeau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virelai" title="Virelai">Virelai</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geisslerlieder" title="Geisslerlieder">Geisslerlied</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gregorian_chant" title="Gregorian chant">Gregorian chant</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pope_Gregory_I" title="Pope Gregory I">Pope Gregory I</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lai_(poetic_form)" title="Lai (poetic form)">Lai</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tydorel" title="Tydorel">Tydorel</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Liturgical_drama" title="Liturgical drama">Liturgical drama</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Madrigal_(Trecento)" title="Madrigal (Trecento)">Madrigal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Motet" title="Motet">Motet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Organum" title="Organum">Organum</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Planctus" title="Planctus">Planctus</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Traditions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music_of_the_British_Isles" title="Early music of the British Isles">British Isles</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_England" title="Music in Medieval England">England</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_in_Medieval_Scotland" title="Music in Medieval Scotland">Scotland</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Cyprus#Medieval_music" title="Music of Cyprus">Cyprus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_France#Medieval_Period" title="Music history of France">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Germany#Minnesingers_and_Meistersingers" title="Music of Germany">Germany</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italian_classical_music#Medieval_music" title="Italian classical music">Italy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Lithuania" title="Music of Lithuania">Lithuania</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_history_of_Portugal#Medieval_music" title="Music history of Portugal">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Music_of_Spain#Medieval_period" title="Music of Spain">Spain</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Derivations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Bardcore" title="Bardcore">Bardcore</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_folk_rock" title="Medieval folk rock">Medieval folk rock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_metal" title="Medieval metal">Medieval metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Medieval_music" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Medieval music">Neo-Medieval music</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Background</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Early_music" title="Early music">Early music</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Middle_Ages" title="Middle Ages">Middle Ages</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_art" title="Medieval art">Art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_architecture" title="Medieval architecture">Architecture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_poetry" title="Medieval poetry">Poetry</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_literature" title="Medieval literature">Literature</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Medieval_philosophy" title="Medieval philosophy">Philosophy</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><div style="position:relative;"> <ul><li>Also music theorist*</li></ul> <div style="position:absolute;right:0;"><b><a href="/wiki/Template:Renaissance_music" title="Template:Renaissance music">Renaissance music</a></b> →</div> <ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/16px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/23px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/96/Symbol_category_class.svg/31px-Symbol_category_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Category:Medieval_music" title="Category:Medieval music">Category</a></li> <li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Symbol_portal_class.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Portal"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/16px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/23px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/e/e2/Symbol_portal_class.svg/31px-Symbol_portal_class.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="180" data-file-height="185" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Classical_music" title="Portal:Classical music">Portal</a></li></ul> </div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" 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