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}); Bookmarks.contentTitle = ""; Bookmarks.apiUrl = '/widgets/bookmark.action'; Bookmarks.isContentBookmarked = ""; </script> <script type="text/javascript"> var $buoop = {vs:{i:6,f:1,o:10.1,s:1}} $buoop.ol = window.onload; $(document).ready(function() { try {if ($buoop.ol) $buoop.ol();}catch (e) {} var e = document.createElement("script"); e.setAttribute("type", "text/javascript"); e.setAttribute("src", "https://cdn.infoq.com/statics_s2_20250228123450/scripts/lib/browser-update-org/update.js"); document.body.appendChild(e); }); </script> <script type='text/javascript'> try { mixpanel.track('page viewed', { 'page name' : document.title, 'url' : window.location.pathname }); } catch(err) { } </script> <!-- Latest Version --> <script src="https://cc.cdn.civiccomputing.com/9/cookieControl-9.x.min.js" type="text/javascript"></script> <script> const config = { apiKey: '8910ea974a96ffb6f927952b4ae9b9b0cc3e5973', product: 'PRO_MULTISITE', // general settings consentCookieExpiry: 90, encodeCookie: true, sameSiteCookie: true, // if false, cookie set as SameSite=None;secure; sameSiteValue: ';secure', // either 'Strict', 'Lax', or 'None' subDomains: true, initialState: 'notify', // 'notify','top','box' require pro licence notifyOnce: false, setInnerHTML: true, //layout settings layout: 'slideout', position: 'left', theme: 'light', acceptButton: true, rejectButton: true, closeOnGlobalChange: true, closeStyle: 'icon', toggleType: 'slider', notifyDismissButton: true, settingsStyle: 'link', excludedCountries: ['US'], /*accessibility: { disableSiteScrolling: true, },*/ statement: { description: 'For more detailed information about the cookies we use, see our', name: 'Cookie Policy', url: 'https://www.infoq.com/cookie-policy', updated: '01/01/2024', }, // cookies starting from 'cookie_expire' are from live.infoq.com but since we use the same tool on the same domain we need to specify those too so // that infoq.com cookieControl does not delete live.infoq.com cookies(also infoq.com cookies have been specified in live.infoq.com cookieControl configs) necessaryCookies: ['RegUserCookie', 'UserCookie', 'IdpCookie', 'ConversionTrackingV2_','PSAdialog','*P13NWN*','topbarSurvey','__bkm','JSESSIONID','mp_','_mixpanel','CloudFront-Key-Pair-Id','CloudFront-Policy','CloudFront-Signature','cookie_expire','discount_promo_closed','discount_promo_code','discount_promo_submitted','exit_survey_popup','referrer_popup','voting_popup_*','AWSALB','AWSALBCORS','aws-waf-token'], optionalCookies: [ { name: 'analytics', label: 'Analytics', description: 'Analytical cookies help us to improve our website by collecting and reporting information on its usage.', cookies: ['_ga', '_ga*', '_gid', '_gat', '__utma', '__utmt', '__utmb', '__utmc', '__utmz', '__utmv'], onAccept: function(){ gtag('consent', 'update', {'analytics_storage': 'granted'}); }, onRevoke: function(){ gtag('consent', 'update', {'analytics_storage': 'denied'}); } }, { name: 'marketing', label: 'Advertising', description: 'We use advertising cookies to display advertisements to you for our products.', onAccept: function(){ gtag('consent', 'update', {'ad_storage': 'granted', 'ad_personalization': 'granted', 'ad_user_data': 'granted'}); }, onRevoke: function(){ gtag('consent', 'update', {'ad_storage': 'denied', 'ad_personalization': 'denied', 'ad_user_data': 'denied'}); } } ], text : { // main preference panels title: '<h3>Our use of cookies</h3>', intro: 'We use necessary cookies to make our site work. Functional cookies help enhance the performance and functionality of the site. '+ 'We\'d also like to set analytics cookies to help us improve your experience by measuring how you use the site. '+ 'These will be set only if you accept. ', acceptSettings: 'I Accept', rejectSettings: 'I Do Not Accept', necessaryTitle : '<h3>Necessary Cookies</h3>', necessaryDescription : 'Necessary cookies enable core functionality ' + 'such as page navigation and access to secure areas. '+ 'The website cannot function properly without '+ 'these cookies, and can only be disabled by changing '+ 'your browser preferences.', closeLabel: 'Close Cookie Control', cornerButton: 'Set cookie preferences', // main preference panel controls on: 'On', off : 'Off', thirdPartyTitle : 'Some cookies require your attention', thirdPartyDescription : 'Consent for the following cookies could not be '+ 'automatically revoked. Please follow the link(s) '+ 'below to opt out manually.', // notification panels (only accessible for pro licences) notifyTitle : 'Your choice regarding cookies on this site', notifyDescription : 'We use cookies to optimise site functionality and '+ 'give you the best possible experience.', accept : 'I Accept', reject: 'I Do Not Accept', settings : 'Settings', }, branding : { removeAbout: true, }, }; // do not load this for local envs only. for testing on local envs remove/modify this condition if(InfoQConstants.pageUrl.indexOf('local')===-1){ CookieControl.load( config ); } </script> </body> </html> <!-- s2 -->

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