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a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks" style="width:19em;"><tbody><tr><td class="sidebar-pretitle" style="padding-bottom: 0.45em;">Part of a series on</td></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-title-with-pretitle" style="background:#ddddff;font-size: 145%; padding: 0.15em 0.4em; line-height: 1.2em;"><a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">European colonization<br />of the Americas</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-image" style="padding: 0.65em; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid;"><span class="notpageimage" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Americas_(orthographic_projection).svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/125px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="125" height="125" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/188px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/ca/Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg/250px-Americas_%28orthographic_projection%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="550" data-file-height="550" /></a></span></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content" style="padding-top: 0.40em;"> <div class="hlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_wave_of_European_colonization" title="First wave of European colonization">First wave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Basque_colonization_of_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="Basque colonization of the Americas">Basque</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British</a> (<a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scottish</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Curonian colonization of the Americas">Curonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dutch_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Dutch colonization of the Americas">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="German colonization of the Americas">German</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Italy_and_the_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Italy and the colonization of the Americas">Italian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_colonization_of_North_America" title="Russian colonization of North America">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Spanish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Spanish colonization of the Americas">Spanish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swedish_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="Swedish colonies in the Americas">Swedish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Former_colonies_and_territories_in_Canada" title="Former colonies and territories in Canada">Colonization of Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Colonial_history_of_the_United_States" title="Colonial history of the United States">Colonization of the United States</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decolonization_of_the_Americas" title="Decolonization of the Americas">Decolonization</a></li></ul> </div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-below" style="border-top:#aaa 1px solid; border-bottom:#aaa 1px solid; padding-bottom:0.4em;"> <span class="nowrap"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/16px-P_history.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/24px-P_history.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/48/P_history.svg/32px-P_history.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="400" data-file-height="360" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:History" title="Portal:History">History portal</a></td></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Euromericas" title="Template:Euromericas"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Euromericas" title="Template talk:Euromericas"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Euromericas" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Euromericas"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>The <b>Hospitaller colonization of the Americas</b> occurred during a 14-year period in the 17th century in which the <a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">Knights Hospitaller</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a>, at the time a vassal state of the <a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Sicily" title="Kingdom of Sicily">Kingdom of Sicily</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> led by the <a href="/wiki/Italians" title="Italians">Italian</a> Grand Master <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris" title="Giovanni Paolo Lascaris">Giovanni Paolo Lascaris</a>, possessed four <a href="/wiki/Caribbean" title="Caribbean">Caribbean</a> islands: <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint Christopher</a>, <a href="/wiki/Collectivity_of_Saint_Martin" title="Collectivity of Saint Martin">Saint Martin</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a>. </p><p>The Knights' presence in the Caribbean grew out of their order's close relationship with the <a href="/wiki/French_nobility" title="French nobility">French nobility</a> and the presence of many members in the Americas as French administrators. The key figure in their brief foray into colonization was <a href="/wiki/Phillippe_de_Longvilliers_de_Poincy" title="Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy">Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy</a>, who was both a Knight of Malta and governor of the French colonies in the Caribbean. Poincy convinced the Knights to purchase the islands from the bankrupt <a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_%C3%8Eles_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a> in 1651 and stayed to govern them until his death in 1660. During this time, the Order acted as proprietor of the islands, while the <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">King of France</a> continued to hold nominal <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereignty</a>; however, Poincy ruled largely independent of them both. In 1665, the Hospitallers sold their rights in the islands to the new <a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">French West India Company</a>, bringing their colonial project to an end. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Background">Background</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Background"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>From the beginning of the <a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French colonization of the Americas</a>, members of the Knights of Malta, fief of the <a href="/wiki/Sicilian_Crown" class="mw-redirect" title="Sicilian Crown">Sicilian Crown</a>, had been prominent in <a href="/wiki/New_France" title="New France">New France</a> and the <a href="/wiki/French_West_Indies" title="French West Indies">French Antilles</a>. By then, most of the order was made up of French aristocrats,<sup id="cite_ref-Riley_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Riley-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and many French naval officers had trained with the Hospitaller navy.<sup id="cite_ref-SMOM_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Many Knights had high-ranking positions in the early French colonial administration, including <a href="/wiki/Aymar_Chaste" class="mw-redirect" title="Aymar Chaste">Aymar Chaste</a> and <a href="/wiki/Isaac_de_Razilly" title="Isaac de Razilly">Isaac de Razilly</a> in <a href="/wiki/Acadia" title="Acadia">Acadia</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Montmagny" title="Charles de Montmagny">Charles de Montmagny</a> in <a href="/wiki/Quebec" title="Quebec">Quebec</a>. In 1635, Razilly suggested to the Grand Master of the order, Fra' <a href="/wiki/Antoine_de_Paule" title="Antoine de Paule">Antoine de Paule</a>, that the Hospitallers establish a <a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">priory</a> in Acadia, but de Paule rejected the idea.<sup id="cite_ref-SMOM_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The next Grand Master, <a href="/wiki/Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris" title="Giovanni Paolo Lascaris">Giovanni Paolo Lascaris</a>, was more interested in colonial affairs. In 1642 or 1643, he was named <a href="/wiki/Godparent" title="Godparent">godfather</a> to an <a href="/wiki/Abenaki" title="Abenaki">Abenaki</a> convert in New France. Montmagny represented Lascaris at the baptism.<sup id="cite_ref-SMOM_4-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p><a href="/wiki/Phillippe_de_Longvilliers_de_Poincy" title="Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy">Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy</a>, founder of the Hospitaller colonies, began his career in a manner similar to these other administrators. Longvilliers fought the Turks in the Mediterranean and participated in the Sieges of the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Saint-Martin-de-R%C3%A9_(1627)" class="mw-redirect" title="Siege of Saint-Martin-de-Ré (1627)">Isle of Ré</a> and <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_La_Rochelle" title="Siege of La Rochelle">La Rochelle</a> in 1627. In between, he served under Razilly in Acadia, commanding a fort.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Hospitaller_colonization.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hospitaller_colonization.png/350px-Hospitaller_colonization.png" decoding="async" width="350" height="188" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hospitaller_colonization.png/525px-Hospitaller_colonization.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/50/Hospitaller_colonization.png/700px-Hospitaller_colonization.png 2x" data-file-width="1123" data-file-height="603" /></a><figcaption>Map of the order's territories in the Caribbean</figcaption></figure> <p>Poincy first went to <a href="/wiki/St._Kitts" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Kitts">Saint Christopher</a> in 1639 as the appointed governor under the <i><a href="/wiki/Compagnie_des_%C3%8Eles_de_l%27Am%C3%A9rique" class="mw-redirect" title="Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique">Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique</a></i>. <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIII_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIII of France">King Louis XIII</a> soon after made Poincy his Lieutenant-General for the entire Caribbean.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poincy began to invest heavily in building projects on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He extended French rule to other islands, establishing the first European settlement on <a href="/wiki/Saint-Barth%C3%A9lemy" class="mw-redirect" title="Saint-Barthélemy">Saint-Barthélemy</a> in 1648,<sup id="cite_ref-StBarths_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StBarths-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and founding a settlement on <a href="/wiki/St._Croix" class="mw-redirect" title="St. Croix">St. Croix</a> in 1650-51.<sup id="cite_ref-Landmarks_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landmarks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He sent an additional 300 men to reinforce and take over the small French settlement on Saint-Martin. There he negotiated the <a href="/wiki/Treaty_of_Concordia" title="Treaty of Concordia">Treaty of Concordia</a>, determining the boundary between the French and Dutch settlements that remains in place today.<sup id="cite_ref-StMartin_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StMartin-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poincy also established himself as the absolute ruler of the islands, resisting the authority of the failing French company.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> He became embroiled in conflict with the <a href="/wiki/Order_of_Friars_Minor_Capuchin" title="Order of Friars Minor Capuchin">Capuchin</a> missionaries, who disapproved of the governor's consorting with local English, Dutch, and <a href="/wiki/Huguenot" class="mw-redirect" title="Huguenot">Huguenot</a> Protestants, and of his refusal to liberate the children of baptized slaves.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poincy also provoked resentment at his harsh treatment of subjects who resisted him.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition he drew disfavor from the Order of Malta when he used income from the Order's <a href="/wiki/Commandry_(feudalism)" class="mw-redirect" title="Commandry (feudalism)">commandry</a> estates in Europe to pay for his grand style of living on the island.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The company's directors decided to replace Poincy. They commissioned Noëlle Patrocles de Thoisy, a gentleman from Burgundy, to replace him, obtaining an order from the king summoning the governor back to France.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Poincy refused to comply. His militia drove Thoisy off the island, and ultimately Thoisy was captured and sent back to France in chains.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris_di_Ventimiglia_e_Castellar.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris_di_Ventimiglia_e_Castellar.jpg/220px-Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris_di_Ventimiglia_e_Castellar.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/07/Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris_di_Ventimiglia_e_Castellar.jpg/330px-Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris_di_Ventimiglia_e_Castellar.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/07/Giovanni_Paolo_Lascaris_di_Ventimiglia_e_Castellar.jpg 2x" data-file-width="372" data-file-height="476" /></a><figcaption>Grand Master Giovanni Paolo Lascaris</figcaption></figure> <p>Seeking a way to keep his position, Poincy in 1649 suggested that the Order of Malta buy the islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> By this time the Company was languishing. Poincy himself, by defying its authority, had shown its ineffectiveness. At the same time, <a href="/wiki/Cardinal_Mazarin" title="Cardinal Mazarin">Cardinal Mazarin</a>, France's chief minister, was busy with the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Westphalia" title="Peace of Westphalia">Peace of Westphalia</a> and could not devote his attention to colonization. In 1651 the company was dissolved; its exploitation rights were sold to various parties.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Martinique" title="Martinique">Martinique</a>, <a href="/wiki/Guadeloupe" title="Guadeloupe">Guadeloupe</a>, and several other islands were sold to private individuals. </p><p>The Hospitallers, with the approval of the Grand Master Lascaris, bought <a href="/wiki/Saint_Kitts" title="Saint Kitts">Saint-Christophe</a>, along with Poincy's newly established dependencies of <a href="/wiki/Saint_Croix" title="Saint Croix">Saint Croix</a>, <a href="/wiki/Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Saint Barthélemy">Saint Barthélemy</a>, and Saint Martin.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Knights' ambassador to the French court, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Jacques_de_Souvr%C3%A9&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Jacques de Souvré (page does not exist)">Jacques de Souvré</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Souvr%C3%A9" class="extiw" title="fr:Jacques de Souvré">fr</a>]</span>, signed the agreement.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The Order's proprietary rights were confirmed in a treaty with France two years later: while the king would remain sovereign, the Knights would have complete temporal and spiritual jurisdiction on their islands.<sup id="cite_ref-Denmark_11-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Denmark-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The only limits to their rule were that they could send only French knights to govern the islands, and upon the accession of each new King of France they were to provide a gold crown worth 1,000 écus.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg/220px-CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="282" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg/330px-CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg/440px-CharlesHuaultMontmagny.jpg 2x" data-file-width="486" data-file-height="623" /></a><figcaption>Charles Jacques Huault de Montmagny</figcaption></figure> <p>The council of the Grand Master decided that Poincy could continue to serve as governor, but they also made the former governor of New France, <a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Montmagny" title="Charles de Montmagny">Charles de Montmagny</a>, the "proconsul general," sending him to represent their interests on Saint Christopher. Montmagny hoped to help Poincy get the colonies' finances in order. However, Poincy again resisted any outside interference; once Montmagny had returned to France, Poincy sent away the man left in his place. The Order sent Montmagny for a second time in 1653, as "lieutenant governor". He took formal possession of the islands in the name of the Grand Master.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, Poincy still refused to share power, and Montmagny was quickly sidelined, biding his time on a farm on Saint Christopher and hoping to take over after Poincy's death. Montmagny ultimately died first, in 1657.<sup id="cite_ref-SMOM_4-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Poincy continued to develop the colonies. He built strong and impressive fortifications on Saint Christopher along with churches, roads, a hospital, and his own grand residence, the <a href="/wiki/Ch%C3%A2teau_de_la_Montagne" title="Château de la Montagne">Château de la Montagne</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-SMOM_4-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Outside the capital, Hospitaller rule was more precarious. The settlement on Saint Barthélemy suffered an attack by <a href="/wiki/Island_Caribs" class="mw-redirect" title="Island Caribs">Carib people</a>, and those who were not killed abandoned the island. Poincy sent a group of 30 men to replace them, which grew to 100 by 1664.<sup id="cite_ref-StBarths_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-StBarths-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 1657 a rebellion overthrew the Hospitaller regime on St. Croix. Poincy sent a new governor to restore order, build fortifications and a monastery, and begin to clear much of the island's forests for plantation agriculture.<sup id="cite_ref-Landmarks_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Landmarks-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>To replace Montmagny, the Order sent two new lieutenant governors. The more prominent of the two was Charles de Sales, a relative of St. <a href="/wiki/Francis_de_Sales" title="Francis de Sales">Francis de Sales</a> who proved popular with the inhabitants of the island. Shortly before his death in 1660, Poincy signed a treaty of peace with the English and the Carib people of Saint Christopher, but the peace did not last.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> De Sales succeeded Poincy as governor. In 1666, after the Knights had formally given up their control of the islands, fighting broke out between the French and the English on the island. In a battle at Cayonne, de Sales was killed, but the French held on to their settlements.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>By the early 1660s, frustration was growing that the colonies were not turning a profit. The Order still owed money to France for the initial purchase of the islands, and on Malta the knights debated whether they should sell them back. <a href="/wiki/Jean-Baptiste_Colbert" title="Jean-Baptiste Colbert">Jean-Baptiste Colbert</a>, much more interested in colonization than Mazarin, was now in power in <a href="/wiki/Louis_XIV_of_France" class="mw-redirect" title="Louis XIV of France">King Louis XIV's</a> court, and he applied pressure to the Knights to sell. In 1665, the Knights sold their colony to the newly formed <a href="/wiki/French_West_India_Company" title="French West India Company">Compagnie des Indes occidentales</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Dube_6-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Hospitaller_governors_on_Saint_Christopher">Hospitaller governors on Saint Christopher</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Hospitaller governors on Saint Christopher"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/List_of_colonial_governors_of_Saint_Christopher" class="mw-redirect" title="List of colonial governors of Saint Christopher">List of colonial governors of Saint Christopher</a></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Phillippe_de_Longvilliers_de_Poincy" title="Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy">Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy</a>, 1651–1660 <i>(Governor under the Compagnie des Îles de l'Amérique from 1639)</i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_de_Sales" title="Charles de Sales">Charles de Sales</a>, 1660–1666</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claude_de_Roux_de_Saint-Laurent" title="Claude de Roux de Saint-Laurent">Claude de Roux de Saint-Laurent</a> (1666–89)</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:StBarths2.JPG" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/StBarths2.JPG/220px-StBarths2.JPG" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/StBarths2.JPG/330px-StBarths2.JPG 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b6/StBarths2.JPG/440px-StBarths2.JPG 2x" data-file-width="2048" data-file-height="1536" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_Saint_Barth%C3%A9lemy" title="Flag and coat of arms of Saint Barthélemy">coat of arms of Saint Barthélemy</a>.</figcaption></figure> <p>The Knights of Malta never established another colony. However, members of the order remained active in France's navy and overseas empire.<sup id="cite_ref-SMOM_4-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Several were involved in the <a href="/wiki/Mississippi_Company" title="Mississippi Company">Mississippi Company</a> scheme early in the eighteenth century. Later in the century, <a href="/wiki/%C3%89tienne-Fran%C3%A7ois_Turgot" title="Étienne-François Turgot">Étienne-François Turgot</a>, a Hospitaller and colonial administrator, tried unsuccessfully to settle <a href="/wiki/Maltese_people" title="Maltese people">Maltese people</a> in <a href="/wiki/French_Guiana" title="French Guiana">Guiana</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Allen_5-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>The short period of Hospitaller occupation is still remembered on the different islands. Poincy's rule on St. Kitts is remembered for the spectacle of his large, grand household, the servants all dressed in the emblem of the Knights.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> On St. Croix one can find frequent reference to the "seven flags" in the island's history, counting the Knights of Malta together with the <a href="/wiki/United_States" title="United States">United States</a> and five European nations that have ruled it.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> St. Barthélemy has in its coat of arms a <a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a> on a red <a href="/wiki/Fess" title="Fess">fess</a>, representing the period of Hospitaller colonization. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFsanctiones1754" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">sanctiones, Siculae (1754). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=oWYPAAAAQAAJ&dq=carlo+v+sicilia+malta+feudo+falcone&pg=PA379"><i>Siculæ sanctiones, per N. Gervasium digestæ atque in unum redactæ. [With] Summa per alphabetum digesta ab A. Tetamo</i></a> (in Italian).</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sicul%C3%A6+sanctiones%2C+per+N.+Gervasium+digest%C3%A6+atque+in+unum+redact%C3%A6.+%5BWith%5D+Summa+per+alphabetum+digesta+ab+A.+Tetamo&rft.date=1754&rft.aulast=sanctiones&rft.aufirst=Siculae&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DoWYPAAAAQAAJ%26dq%3Dcarlo%2Bv%2Bsicilia%2Bmalta%2Bfeudo%2Bfalcone%26pg%3DPA379&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilitelloMilitello2008" class="citation book cs1 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Militello, Paolo; Militello, Pietro (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XIhNQucVe0sC&dq=malta+feudo+regno+di+sicilia&pg=PA20"><i>Ritratti di città in Sicilia e a Malta: XVI-XVII secolo</i></a> (in Italian). Officina di Studi Medievali. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-88615-78-3" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-88615-78-3"><bdi>978-88-88615-78-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ritratti+di+citt%C3%A0+in+Sicilia+e+a+Malta%3A+XVI-XVII+secolo&rft.pub=Officina+di+Studi+Medievali&rft.date=2008&rft.isbn=978-88-88615-78-3&rft.aulast=Militello&rft.aufirst=Paolo&rft.au=Militello%2C+Pietro&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXIhNQucVe0sC%26dq%3Dmalta%2Bfeudo%2Bregno%2Bdi%2Bsicilia%26pg%3DPA20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Riley-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Riley_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRiley-Smith2005" class="citation book cs1">Riley-Smith, Jonathan (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book837650140/page/292"><i>The Crusades: A History</i></a></span> (2nd ed.). New Haven: Yale University Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/00book837650140/page/292">292–297</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-300-10128-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-300-10128-7"><bdi>0-300-10128-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Crusades%3A+A+History&rft.place=New+Haven&rft.pages=292-297&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Yale+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-300-10128-7&rft.aulast=Riley-Smith&rft.aufirst=Jonathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2F00book837650140%2Fpage%2F292&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-SMOM-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-SMOM_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMOM_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMOM_4-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMOM_4-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMOM_4-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-SMOM_4-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPichette2010" class="citation web cs1">Pichette, Robert (June 7, 2010). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413130603/http://www.orderofmaltacanada.org/html/naval.html">"The Order of Malta's Naval Tradition in New France"</a>. <i>Order of Malta</i>. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Order+of+Malta&rft.atitle=The+Order+of+Malta%27s+Naval+Tradition+in+New+France&rft.date=2010-06-07&rft.aulast=Pichette&rft.aufirst=Robert&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.orderofmaltacanada.org%2Fhtml%2Fnaval.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Allen-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Allen_5-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAllen1990" class="citation journal cs1">Allen, David F. (1990). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413125220/http://mhs.eu.pn/cc/CC08.html">"The Social and Religious World of a Knight of Malta in the Caribbean, c. 1632-1660"</a>. <i>Libraries and Culture</i>. <b>25</b> (2). Web page by Malta Historical Society.: <span class="nowrap">147–</span>157. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mhs.eu.pn/cc/CC08.html">the original</a> on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Libraries+and+Culture&rft.atitle=The+Social+and+Religious+World+of+a+Knight+of+Malta+in+the+Caribbean%2C+c.+1632-1660&rft.volume=25&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E147-%3C%2Fspan%3E157&rft.date=1990&rft.aulast=Allen&rft.aufirst=David+F.&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmhs.eu.pn%2Fcc%2FCC08.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dube-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-5"><sup><i><b>f</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-6"><sup><i><b>g</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-7"><sup><i><b>h</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-8"><sup><i><b>i</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-9"><sup><i><b>j</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-10"><sup><i><b>k</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dube_6-11"><sup><i><b>l</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDubé2005" class="citation book cs1">Dubé, Jean-Claude (2005). <span class="id-lock-registration" title="Free registration required"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chevalierdemontm0000dube"><i>The Chevalier de Montmagny: First Governor of New France</i></a></span>. Translated by Elizabeth Rapley. Ottawa: University of Ottawa Press. pp. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/chevalierdemontm0000dube/page/263">263</a>–287. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7766-0559-3" title="Special:BookSources/0-7766-0559-3"><bdi>0-7766-0559-3</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Chevalier+de+Montmagny%3A+First+Governor+of+New+France&rft.place=Ottawa&rft.pages=263-287&rft.pub=University+of+Ottawa+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-7766-0559-3&rft.aulast=Dub%C3%A9&rft.aufirst=Jean-Claude&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fchevalierdemontm0000dube&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StBarths-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-StBarths_7-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-StBarths_7-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140413142052/http://www.saintbarth-tourisme.com/en/decouvrir/page/columbus-present.html">"Columbus to the Present"</a>. <i>St Barth Tourisme</i>. omite Territorial Du Tourisme de Saint-Barthelemy. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.saintbarth-tourisme.com/en/decouvrir/page/columbus-present.html">the original</a> on 13 April 2014<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=St+Barth+Tourisme&rft.atitle=Columbus+to+the+Present&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.saintbarth-tourisme.com%2Fen%2Fdecouvrir%2Fpage%2Fcolumbus-present.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Landmarks-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Landmarks_8-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Landmarks_8-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLewisholm1963" class="citation web cs1">Lewisholm, Florence (1963). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stcroixlandmarks.com/history/history">"Highlights of Cruzan History"</a>. St. Croix Landmarks Society<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Highlights+of+Cruzan+History&rft.pub=St.+Croix+Landmarks+Society&rft.date=1963&rft.aulast=Lewisholm&rft.aufirst=Florence&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stcroixlandmarks.com%2Fhistory%2Fhistory&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-StMartin-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-StMartin_9-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.stmartinisland.org/st-martin-st-maarten-activities/st-martin-st-maarten-places-to-visit.html">"Border Obelisk"</a>. St. Martin Tourism Office. 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">12 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Border+Obelisk&rft.pub=St.+Martin+Tourism+Office&rft.date=2010&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.stmartinisland.org%2Fst-martin-st-maarten-activities%2Fst-martin-st-maarten-places-to-visit.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMifsud1914" class="citation book cs1">Mifsud, A. (1914). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_yK80AQAAMAAJ"><i>Knights Hospitallers of the Venerable Tongue of England in Malta</i></a>. Valletta, Malta. p. 246. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-404-17009-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-404-17009-9"><bdi>0-404-17009-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Knights+Hospitallers+of+the+Venerable+Tongue+of+England+in+Malta&rft.pages=246&rft.pub=Valletta%2C+Malta&rft.date=1914&rft.isbn=0-404-17009-9&rft.aulast=Mifsud&rft.aufirst=A.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_yK80AQAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Denmark-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Denmark_11-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dkconsulateusvi.com/company_rule.htm">"The Danish West Indies under Company Rule (1671–1754)"</a>. <i>Royal Danish Consulate: United States Virgin Islands</i>. Royal Danish Consulate<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">11 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Royal+Danish+Consulate%3A+United+States+Virgin+Islands&rft.atitle=The+Danish+West+Indies+under+Company+Rule+%281671%26ndash%3B1754%29&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dkconsulateusvi.com%2Fcompany_rule.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-12">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Cf. <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDu_Tertre1667" class="citation cs2 cs1-prop-foreign-lang-source">Du Tertre, Jean Baptiste (1667), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://jcb.lunaimaging.com/luna/servlet/s/v3d505">"Combat de Cayonne"</a>, <i>Histoire generale des Antilles habitées par les François ... Tome II</i> (Engraving) (in French), Paris: Chez Thomas Iolly, au palais, en la Salle des Perciers, à la Palme, & aux Armes d'Hollande<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">1 November</span> 2014</span> – via <a href="/wiki/John_Carter_Brown_Library" title="John Carter Brown Library">John Carter Brown Library</a> Archive of Early American Images</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Histoire+generale+des+Antilles+habit%C3%A9es+par+les+Fran%C3%A7ois+...+Tome+II&rft.atitle=Combat+de+Cayonne&rft.date=1667&rft.aulast=Du+Tertre&rft.aufirst=Jean+Baptiste&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fjcb.lunaimaging.com%2Fluna%2Fservlet%2Fs%2Fv3d505&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHodson2012" class="citation book cs1">Hodson, Christopher (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=NO1oAgAAQBAJ"><i>The Acadian Diaspora: An Eighteenth-Century History</i></a>. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 182. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973977-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-973977-6"><bdi>978-0-19-973977-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Acadian+Diaspora%3A+An+Eighteenth-Century+History&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-0-19-973977-6&rft.aulast=Hodson&rft.aufirst=Christopher&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DNO1oAgAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFInnis" class="citation web cs1">Innis, Probyn. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.historicbasseterre.com/hs_summation.asp?HSID=20">"Historic Basseterre"</a>. <i>Basseterre Past & Present</i>. St.Kitts National Archives<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">10 April</span> 2014</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Basseterre+Past+%26+Present&rft.atitle=Historic+Basseterre&rft.aulast=Innis&rft.aufirst=Probyn&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.historicbasseterre.com%2Fhs_summation.asp%3FHSID%3D20&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">For example, <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nps.gov/history/heritageareas/FAQ/St-Croix-FINAL-FS-SEPT-10-PEPC.pdf">"Feasibility Study for a St. Croix National Heritage Area"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>National Park Service</i>. <a href="/wiki/U.S._Department_of_the_Interior" class="mw-redirect" title="U.S. Department of the Interior">U.S. Department of the Interior</a> – <a href="/wiki/National_Park_Service" title="National Park Service">National Park Service</a>. September 2010<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2016-08-31</span></span>. <q>the Island was claimed by Spain, Holland, England, France, the Knights of Malta, and Denmark</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=National+Park+Service&rft.atitle=Feasibility+Study+for+a+St.+Croix+National+Heritage+Area&rft.date=2010-09&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nps.gov%2Fhistory%2Fheritageareas%2FFAQ%2FSt-Croix-FINAL-FS-SEPT-10-PEPC.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AHospitaller+colonization+of+the+Americas" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Boucher, Philip P. (2008), <i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=-NjzWK4LnNoC">France and the American Tropics to 1700: Tropics of discontent?</a></i>, <a href="/wiki/Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Italy_and_the_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Italy and the colonization of the Americas">Italy and the colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.jimdiamondmd.com/malta_history.htm">The Knights of Malta, 1530 -1798 -- A blog</a></li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox,.mw-parser-output .navbox+.navbox-styles+.navbox{margin-top:-1px}.mw-parser-output .navbox-inner,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup{width:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-title,.mw-parser-output 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aria-labelledby="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_topics_20px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta1698" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Template:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Template talk:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="23x15px&#124;border_&#124;alt=&#124;link=_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_topics_20px&#124;Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta1698" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Sovereign Military Order of Malta</a> topics <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_(variant).svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/20px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="26" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/30px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ee/Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg/40px-Coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_%28variant%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="509" data-file-height="649" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church" title="Catholic Church">Catholic</a> <a href="/wiki/Order_of_chivalry" title="Order of chivalry">order of chivalry</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sovereignty" title="Sovereignty">sovereign subject</a> of <a href="/wiki/International_law" title="International law">international law</a>, founded in 1099 in <a href="/wiki/Jerusalem" title="Jerusalem">Jerusalem</a>, <span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/23px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/35px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0c/Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg/45px-Vexillum_Regni_Hierosolymae.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="341" /></span></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Jerusalem" title="Kingdom of Jerusalem">Kingdom of Jerusalem</a></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisation</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_grand_masters_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="List of grand masters of the Knights Hospitaller">Grand Master</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Governance" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Governance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Council_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Council of the Order of Malta">Sovereign Council</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chapter_General_of_the_Order_of_Malta" title="Chapter General of the Order of Malta">Chapter General</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Priory" title="Priory">Grand Priories</a>, <a href="/wiki/Bailiwick" title="Bailiwick">Bailiwicks</a>, <a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">Commanderies</a>, <a href="/wiki/Professional_association" title="Professional association">Associations</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Langue_(Knights_Hospitaller)" title="Langue (Knights Hospitaller)">Langues</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Foreign_relations_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Foreign relations of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Foreign relations</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions of</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_diplomatic_missions_to_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="List of diplomatic missions to the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Diplomatic missions to</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta%E2%80%93European_Union_relations" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta–European Union relations">European Union</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_permanent_observers_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_to_the_United_Nations" title="List of permanent observers of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta to the United Nations">United Nations</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Auxiliaries" title="Auxiliaries">Auxiliaries</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Croix-de-Malte.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/15px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="17" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/23px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/dd/Croix-de-Malte.svg/30px-Croix-de-Malte.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="660" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Malteser_International" title="Malteser International">Malteser International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Order_of_Malta_Ambulance_Corps" title="Order of Malta Ambulance Corps">Order of Malta Ambulance Corps</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Cross_Hospitalier.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/15px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/23px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/89/Cross_Hospitalier.svg/30px-Cross_Hospitalier.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="512" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Military_Corps_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Hospitaller_Order_of_Saint_John_of_Jerusalem_of_Rhodes_and_of_Malta" title="Military Corps of the Sovereign Military Hospitaller Order of Saint John of Jerusalem of Rhodes and of Malta">Military Corps</a></li> <li><i>Historically</i>: <span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Roundel_of_SMOM.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/15px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png" decoding="async" width="15" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/23px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/55/Roundel_of_SMOM.svg/30px-Roundel_of_SMOM.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta#Air_force" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Air Force</a></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/15px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg" decoding="async" width="15" height="11" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/23px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/61/Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg/30px-Naval_Flags_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta.jpg 2x" data-file-width="9000" data-file-height="6300" /></a></span> <a href="/wiki/Navy_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Navy of the Order of Saint John">Navy</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_ships_of_the_line_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="List of ships of the line of the Order of Saint John">Ships of the line</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Society and culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_cross" title="Maltese cross">Maltese cross</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Flag_and_coat_of_arms_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Flag and coat of arms of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Flag and coat of arms</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ave_Crux_Alba" title="Ave Crux Alba">Anthem</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orders,_decorations,_and_medals_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Orders, decorations, and medals of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Orders, decorations, and medals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta_passport" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta passport">Passports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maltese_scudo" title="Maltese scudo">Currency</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Postage_stamps_and_postal_history_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Postage stamps and postal history of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta">Postal system</a></li> <li><i>Historically</i>: <a href="/wiki/Slavery_in_Malta" title="Slavery in Malta">Slavery</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Knights_Hospitaller" title="Knights Hospitaller">History</a>,<br />including<br />major<br /><a href="/wiki/List_of_Knights_Hospitaller_sites" title="List of Knights Hospitaller sites">sites</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Commanderies_of_the_Order_of_Saint_John" title="Commanderies of the Order of Saint John">commanderies</a>,<br /><a href="/wiki/Category:Castles_and_fortifications_of_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Castles and fortifications of the Knights Hospitaller">premises</a>,<br />and <a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Rome" title="Rome">Rome</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Palazzo_Malta" title="Palazzo Malta">Palazzo Malta</a> (<i><a href="/wiki/Seat_of_government" title="Seat of government">capital</a></i>) (1869)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Villa_del_Priorato_di_Malta" title="Villa del Priorato di Malta">Villa del Priorato di Malta</a> (1869)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Malta" title="Hospitaller Malta">Malta</a><br /></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Malta" title="Fortifications of Malta">Fortifications</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Birgu" title="Fortifications of Birgu">Birgu</a> (<span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fort_St._Angelo" title="Fort St. Angelo">Fort St Angelo</a> (2001))</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Senglea" title="Fortifications of Senglea">Senglea</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Michael" title="Fort Saint Michael">Fort St Michael</a>)<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Mdina" title="Fortifications of Mdina">Mdina</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Valletta" title="Fortifications of Valletta">Valletta</a> (<a href="/wiki/Fort_Saint_Elmo" title="Fort Saint Elmo">Fort St Elmo</a>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cittadella_(Gozo)" title="Cittadella (Gozo)">Cittadella</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Floriana_Lines" title="Floriana Lines">Floriana Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santa_Margherita_Lines" title="Santa Margherita Lines">Santa Margherita Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cottonera_Lines" title="Cottonera Lines">Cottonera Lines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Ricasoli" title="Fort Ricasoli">Fort Ricasoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Manoel" title="Fort Manoel">Fort Manoel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Chambray" title="Fort Chambray">Fort Chambray</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fort_Tign%C3%A9" title="Fort Tigné">Fort Tigné</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/List_of_fortifications_in_Malta" title="List of fortifications in Malta">others</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Palace" title="Palace">Palaces</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Grandmaster%27s_Palace_(Valletta)" class="mw-redirect" title="Grandmaster's Palace (Valletta)">Grand Master's Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vilhena_Palace" title="Vilhena Palace">Vilhena Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Verdala_Palace" title="Verdala Palace">Verdala Palace</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/San_Anton_Palace" title="San Anton Palace">San Anton Palace</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Church_(building)" title="Church (building)">Churches</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Saint_John%27s_Co-Cathedral" title="Saint John's Co-Cathedral">St John (Conventual Church)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Liesse" title="Church of Our Lady of Liesse">Our Lady of Liesse</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Pilar,_Valletta" title="Church of Our Lady of Pilar, Valletta">Our Lady of Pilar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Our_Lady_of_Victory_(Valletta)" title="Church of Our Lady of Victory (Valletta)">Our Lady of Victory</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Barbara,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Barbara, Valletta">St Barbara</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Catherine_of_Italy,_Valletta" title="Church of Saint Catherine of Italy, Valletta">St Catherine</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Collegiate_Church_of_Saint_Lawrence,_Vittoriosa" title="Collegiate Church of Saint Lawrence, Vittoriosa">St Lawrence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Auberges</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Birgu" title="Birgu">Birgu</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Allemagne, Birgu">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Angleterre" title="Auberge d'Angleterre">Angleterre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Aragon, Birgu">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne_et_Provence" title="Auberge d'Auvergne et Provence">Auvergne et Provence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille_et_Portugal" title="Auberge de Castille et Portugal">Castille et Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France,_Birgu" title="Auberge de France, Birgu">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie,_Birgu" title="Auberge d'Italie, Birgu">Italie</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Valletta" title="Valletta">Valletta</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Allemagne" title="Auberge d'Allemagne">Allemagne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Aragon" title="Auberge d'Aragon">Aragon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Auvergne" title="Auberge d'Auvergne">Auvergne</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Bavi%C3%A8re" title="Auberge de Bavière">Bavière</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Castille" title="Auberge de Castille">Castille</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_France" title="Auberge de France">France</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_d%27Italie" title="Auberge d'Italie">Italie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Auberge_de_Provence" title="Auberge de Provence">Provence</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller Rhodes">Rhodes</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Fortifications_of_Rhodes" title="Fortifications of Rhodes">Fortifications</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Palace_of_the_Grand_Master_of_the_Knights_of_Rhodes" title="Palace of the Grand Master of the Knights of Rhodes">Palace of the Grand Master</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Anatolia" title="Anatolia">Anatolia</a></i>: <a href="/wiki/Bodrum_Castle" title="Bodrum Castle">Bodrum Castle</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Holy_Land" title="Holy Land">Holy Land</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Acre,_Israel" title="Acre, Israel">Saint John d'Acre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arqa" title="Arqa">Arqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Benedictine_monastery_in_Abu_Ghosh" title="Benedictine monastery in Abu Ghosh">Abu Ghosh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Belvoir_Fortress" class="mw-redirect" title="Belvoir Fortress">Belvoir Fortress</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Chastel_Rouge" title="Chastel Rouge">Chastel Rouge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_John_the_Baptist,_Ein_Karem,_Jerusalem" class="mw-redirect" title="Church of Saint John the Baptist, Ein Karem, Jerusalem">Church of Saint John the Baptist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_Saint_Mary_of_the_Germans" title="Church of Saint Mary of the Germans">Church of Saint Mary of the Germans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coliath" title="Coliath">Coliath</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gibelacar" title="Gibelacar">Gibelacar</a></li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/Krak_des_Chevaliers" title="Krak des Chevaliers">Krak des Chevaliers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Margat" title="Margat">Margat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mount_Tabor" title="Mount Tabor">Mount Tabor</a><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other regions</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_Tripoli" title="Hospitaller Tripoli">Tripoli</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Principality_of_Heitersheim" title="Principality of Heitersheim">Principality of Heitersheim</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Colonization of the Americas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Military_history" title="Military history">Military<br />history</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Crusades" title="Crusades">Crusades</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Crusade" title="First Crusade">1st</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Crusade" title="Second Crusade">2nd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Crusade" title="Third Crusade">3rd</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Crusade" title="Fourth Crusade">4th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Crusade" title="Fifth Crusade">5th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Crusade" title="Sixth Crusade">6th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Crusade" title="Seventh Crusade">7th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighth_Crusade" title="Eighth Crusade">8th</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lord_Edward%27s_crusade" title="Lord Edward's crusade">9th</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Category:Battles_involving_the_Knights_Hospitaller" title="Category:Battles involving the Knights Hospitaller">Battles</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Jerusalem_(1187)" title="Siege of Jerusalem (1187)">Siege of Jerusalem (1187)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Arsuf" title="Battle of Arsuf">Battle of Arsuf (1191)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Acre_(1291)" title="Siege of Acre (1291)">Siege of Acre (1291)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hospitaller_conquest_of_Rhodes" title="Hospitaller conquest of Rhodes">Conquest of Rhodes</a> (1306–1310)</li> <li>Sieges of Rhodes <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1444)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1444)">1444</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1480)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1480)">1480</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Rhodes_(1522)" title="Siege of Rhodes (1522)">1522</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Capture_of_Mahdia_(1550)" title="Capture of Mahdia (1550)">Capture of Mahdia</a> (1550)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Invasion_of_Gozo_(1551)" title="Invasion of Gozo (1551)">Invasion of Gozo</a> (1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Tripoli_(1551)" title="Siege of Tripoli (1551)">Siege of Tripoli</a> (1551)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Siege_of_Malta" title="Great Siege of Malta">Great Siege of Malta</a> (1565)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Lepanto" title="Battle of Lepanto">Battle of Lepanto</a> (1571)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_the_Kerkennah_Islands" title="Raid on the Kerkennah Islands">Raid on the Kerkennah Islands</a> (1611)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Raid_on_%C5%BBejtun" title="Raid on Żejtun">Raid on Żejtun</a> (1614)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Chios_(1621)" title="Battle of Chios (1621)">Battle of Chios</a> (1621)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_Palermo_(1624)" title="Battle of Palermo (1624)">Battle of Palermo</a> (1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Gulf_of_Tunis" title="Battle of the Gulf of Tunis">Battle of the Gulf of Tunis</a> (1624)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Battle_of_the_Dalmatian_Coast" title="Battle of the Dalmatian Coast">Battle of the Dalmatian Coast</a> (1624)</li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Battle_of_Damietta_(1732)&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Battle of Damietta (1732) (page does not exist)">Battle of Damietta</a> (1732)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_invasion_of_Malta" title="French invasion of Malta">Loss of Malta</a> (1798)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Sovereign Military Order of Malta"><img alt="Sovereign Military Order of Malta" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/23px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/35px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/86/Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg/45px-Flag_of_the_Order_of_St._John_%28various%29.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> Extant <i><a href="/wiki/Extraterritoriality" title="Extraterritoriality">extraterritoriality</a></i> (with year of proclamation)</li> <li><span class="flagicon"><span class="mw-image-border" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO"><img alt="UNESCO" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/23px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png" decoding="async" width="23" height="15" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/35px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Flag_of_UNESCO.svg/45px-Flag_of_UNESCO.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="900" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></span> <a href="/wiki/World_Heritage_Site" title="World Heritage Site">World Heritage Site</a>, <a href="/wiki/UNESCO" title="UNESCO">UNESCO</a></li> <li><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_*"><b><a href="#ref_*">^</a></b></span> Demolished or sparse remains</li> <li><span class="nowrap"><span class="mw-image-border noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:046CupolaSPietro.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="icon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/16px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg" decoding="async" width="16" height="12" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/24px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/046CupolaSPietro.jpg/32px-046CupolaSPietro.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="600" /></a></span> </span><a href="/wiki/Portal:Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Portal:Catholicism">Catholicism portal</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="European_colonization_of_North_America145" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:European_colonization_of_North_America" title="Template:European colonization of North America"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:European_colonization_of_North_America" title="Template talk:European colonization of North America"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:European_colonization_of_North_America" title="Special:EditPage/Template:European colonization of North America"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="European_colonization_of_North_America145" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_North_America" class="mw-redirect" title="European colonization of North America">European colonization of North America</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/British_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="British colonization of the Americas">British</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Santo_Tom%C3%A1s_de_Castilla#Belgian_colony" title="Santo Tomás de Castilla">Belgian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curonian_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Curonian colonization of the Americas">Curonian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Danish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Danish colonization of the Americas">Danish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/German_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="German colonization of the Americas">German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Netherland" title="New Netherland">Dutch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/French_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="French colonization of the Americas">French</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Hospitaller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norse_colonization_of_North_America" title="Norse colonization of North America">Norse</a></li> <li>Norwegian <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Erik_the_Red%27s_Land" title="Erik the Red's Land">Erik the Red's Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fridtjof_Nansen_Land" title="Fridtjof Nansen Land">Fridtjof Nansen Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sverdrup_Islands" title="Sverdrup Islands">Sverdrup Islands</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Portuguese_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Portuguese colonization of the Americas">Portuguese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian America">Russian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scottish_colonization_of_the_Americas" title="Scottish colonization of the Americas">Scottish</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Spain" title="New Spain">Spanish</a><sup><small>1</small></sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Sweden" title="New Sweden">Swedish</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><sup><small>1</small></sup> Article also discusses colonization in Central and South America and Asia</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Monarchies_in_the_Americas50" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:American_monarchies" title="Template:American monarchies"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:American_monarchies" title="Template talk:American monarchies"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:American_monarchies" title="Special:EditPage/Template:American monarchies"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Monarchies_in_the_Americas50" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Monarchies_in_the_Americas" title="Monarchies in the Americas">Monarchies in the Americas</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Current</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Commonwealth of Nations monarchies <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Antigua_and_Barbuda" title="Monarchy of Antigua and Barbuda">Antigua and Barbuda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Bahamas" title="Monarchy of the Bahamas">The Bahamas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Belize" title="Monarchy of Belize">Belize</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Canada" title="Monarchy of Canada">Canada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Grenada" title="Monarchy of Grenada">Grenada</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Jamaica" title="Monarchy of Jamaica">Jamaica</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Kitts_and_Nevis" title="Monarchy of Saint Kitts and Nevis">Saint Kitts and Nevis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Lucia" title="Monarchy of Saint Lucia">Saint Lucia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Saint_Vincent_and_the_Grenadines" title="Monarchy of Saint Vincent and the Grenadines">Saint Vincent and the Grenadines</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_United_Kingdom" title="Monarchy of the United Kingdom">United Kingdom</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Denmark" title="Monarchy of Denmark">Denmark</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_the_Netherlands" title="Monarchy of the Netherlands">Netherlands</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Former</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indigenous monarchies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aymara_kingdoms" class="mw-redirect" title="Aymara kingdoms">Aymara</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Colla_Kingdom" title="Colla Kingdom">Colla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lupaca" title="Lupaca">Lupaca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Aztec_Empire" title="Aztec Empire">Aztec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huetar_people" title="Huetar people">Huetar</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Huetar_Kingdom" title="Eastern Huetar Kingdom">Eastern Huetar</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Garabito_Empire" title="Garabito Empire">Garabito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Pacaca" title="Kingdom of Pacaca">Pacaca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Toyop%C3%A1n" title="Toyopán">Toyopán</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Western_Huetar_Kingdom" title="Western Huetar Kingdom">Western Huetar</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_society" title="Inca society">Inca</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Cusco" title="Kingdom of Cusco">Cusco</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Inca_Empire" title="Inca Empire">Inca</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Inca_State" title="Neo-Inca State">Neo-Inca</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maya_civilization" title="Maya civilization">Maya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mosquito_Coast" title="Mosquito Coast">Miskito</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Nicoya" title="Kingdom of Nicoya">Nicoya</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Talamanca" title="Kingdom of Talamanca">Talamanca</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">European monarchies<br />with <a href="/wiki/European_colonization_of_the_Americas#List_of_European_colonies_in_the_Americas" title="European colonization of the Americas">colonies in the Americas</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Duchy_of_Courland_and_Semigallia" title="Duchy of Courland and Semigallia">Courland and Semigallia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_French_monarchs" title="List of French monarchs">France</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Portuguese_monarchs" title="List of Portuguese monarchs">Portugal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Russian_monarchs" title="List of Russian monarchs">Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Spain" title="Monarchy of Spain">Spain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Sweden" title="Monarchy of Sweden">Sweden</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Sovereign states</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Monarchy_of_Barbados" title="Monarchy of Barbados">Barbados (1966–2021)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Empire_of_Brazil" title="Empire of Brazil">Brazil (1822–1889)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Guyana" title="Queen of Guyana">Guyana (1966–1970)</a></li> <li>Haiti <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Empire_of_Haiti" title="First Empire of Haiti">1804–1806</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Haiti" title="Kingdom of Haiti">1811–1820</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Empire_of_Haiti" title="Second Empire of Haiti">1849–1859</a></li></ul></li> <li>Mexico <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Mexican_Empire" title="First Mexican Empire">1822–1823</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Second_Mexican_Empire" title="Second Mexican Empire">1864–1867</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Queen_of_Trinidad_and_Tobago" title="Queen of Trinidad and Tobago">Trinidad and Tobago (1962–1976)</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_monarchs_in_the_Americas" class="mw-redirect" title="List of monarchs in the Americas">List of monarchs in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_the_last_monarchs_in_the_Americas" title="List of the last monarchs in the Americas">List of the last monarchs in the Americas</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Redonda" title="Kingdom of Redonda">Kingdom of Redonda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Afro-Bolivian_monarchy" title="Afro-Bolivian monarchy">Afro-Bolivian monarchy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_of_Araucan%C3%ADa_and_Patagonia" title="Kingdom of Araucanía and Patagonia">Araucania and Patagonia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?useformat=desktop&type=1x1&usesul3=0" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&oldid=1258896283">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Hospitaller_colonization_of_the_Americas&oldid=1258896283</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:History_of_the_Sovereign_Military_Order_of_Malta" title="Category:History of the Sovereign 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