CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="390"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "www.tandfonline.com",cType: 'managed',cRay: '9134bbca6ce381e9',cH: 'tpizhe20NVN_vc9zRGLzKjr7AEm1SO3QvAAffAV0.do-1739784362-1.2.1.1-0rf34FkzYWEGsAnCt89.T1y5pEnw0bMrdu3spn3309zq05HZXyg8ZCiyJjSvzmjI',cUPMDTk: "\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09500340.2016.1270881?__cf_chl_tk=pnjQBixCd1pANUsKYNu_P2Gq022vKkA0ThlmhxQPtoo-1739784362-1.0.1.1-Otzm5Jq2WOKOKovo7kcw5qQX7VtL2woHCwHI7BUcyhg",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739784362',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '390000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09500340.2016.1270881?__cf_chl_f_tk=pnjQBixCd1pANUsKYNu_P2Gq022vKkA0ThlmhxQPtoo-1739784362-1.0.1.1-Otzm5Jq2WOKOKovo7kcw5qQX7VtL2woHCwHI7BUcyhg",md: "E6kKoZHsXEMgkX2vyel7Y.nT6FxWuyjSoGHoUMWaeEE-1739784362-1.2.1.1-eCDQKkOZ0yhOXTwXlmelCtHr_GwB38_PYun.AuJouKMzRBhzfyawNWoRDKkCbxFF2N8QRzDt1HQXvg1sNLmz5Ek9rL1GIf4sx2BWLQznRrJF475P2zD2JUdBzhfsucbKnkzXiMnro0.Mt1Z6qqhpFmOsBjy572OTZBSUaRewIx.AIv7zSjH9a60_iyXoyjaPKIvNGzuUCC9ZQLvEFsH1WMe0lUXrRs9Lr4X_K7anxHehm7P0FTRemPIeUIkY06You5uRlIGqv_l6I7k2mfNmAJiAnGWeqoqOY7FjsLhzwveDVzWc.hWOb9LG3Uc9SyMnz3HQufT4xCOYaDJIzmR61Ofi2WMG4QFh.govztjLVocmPfb2ycTODee8kd.DDv71BrEmw7NmOiYabnq835HK_vbo1H8jgWM6En0J3oEm7etFEVuCVQd4AtdCo5p.BE1I.9s20AGbUXWb_lvpGzU98tTtFp4KHcQ0qdbwHnNlkOLBYGYUjcOi0k_y_4C1eH10GyGb6KrI9iV9DMP36jxS4XhVoK6tOJGuc_lSGiWc7wC4BBg1wF0JR4EownW.EWxN6AjXrAZgf9g4Ve9Vl.pLDAc90Ww4JAppWyExak_9r.kJVHfHJVgP9Wfq3UbZPdCPAyihfY3B1EgkevYRL63CgS.9IkBwwTNSzmBnRUVSbh9Uu.xq20p9IXg0VccrQ7MW7pgTHr.pPgxAzlvdMg9JFbMtaOs6LgbsOkYccilMKMXWvGZqVm1kBUFwhztQqi8o3kxoA_eTbAi2NZW3TpYIK8gS.iEQk75FfUaPSDCwL9an7zmu2hMfELiFc79zcHNRli04YP0VvQI_4_sEX.ip0dCz26GnOUdTVW3WuxYqumTvdrJfKoT0ymmHLxT.89MrdofGCUmeuXM3k10dqi0FUS4brAKgLQBAYUgc15WYrzLJj3WwROh8AnukH5BYWvdMW6djFzvt68z9ICmDwtlOhpmiqkKMHUDnTx3omEPR6qUmhheVklkBsPsFb6F8rz8M76m7Q.iUI5VVKYJBouytaQ5y.FsAXcMBsCHTxZr_sh1j0W6B6WbPxILEJefYtZuTc_7riLhBRJGSMcegWx_98U6g9zTXJiVWq7X7NYlNouFf5QC9iFDkKdIP.iU25pWQoWofvTNCT..wjiMC9GQ10G4_wKbEEQafNWIQqexFMK80VgvYrYve72RyzzuV1pU7riR_XgCRkJdzK8wBn1T056eWRPDMA4hsTq7xGsBLJl9NtOlTqGi_zFQTwFCIxCIJNuUnZlnA5SYa_8VBHqK9B84IYawu4NSWc2FBEXcV4A7D8LE5lTFvyhdVRnTWuh6tJHoarfl71sn4N0.xvelbcAl_luakcrNZE3yAz0pS4ySAnzdy82lakv.J.nkaim2yFTwNu6F4zoSAQY7t1ID9eR3WpWW5H9Oz.W2mGbqw_iizKcCGlkTptAvhWtdbREoq1nqi0sDC_dnNoyw4HlUOTIUotNtRXbm_zr6LayKpTB4YYKfx.kEMT0qmUqa60i9s5bUNDYDKrp7zKH5zJpWMI5YfrwgYbYDwYrX5TR5MixM_jcHWoxkutAuoxgmr2FhC6wmapBkIbeL4n3NDg5C9PMHF4eFcpY7bmh5VbWuDAj.8J7Eg4kr75MmBIrQNOk1FqRoCNR04w_UqDNGHhNT.0ollA6cF8B4bo0ug5uw7RaqLtjXV1.fgeDFebJknFJD6O51IHD5AkXyyc7LMTiByA2FDjP6xaj6_Una_kuCshf0JUMWTbKVhAKgymvPQq0W7giILXo3voeTIjRdJMA8hXp.2m3m26f6m.UusZYrHj8OAKuiidP98g3qRVt9gZA5GMNy7H65NUV3PrhHv2._BekZVEKnUu3TT6xdIJIt9GqpCXXxWVS1JUmP4k9hTCDZTXL4RNGe0wJOU2aNG2xt55VqCaf7zGl0AET9_t9TCF2_KL5Iw8haWwRi.gspVjSrju4Js_1UOZJIBx2naEvkyOnJh.NsyT0q1QvK7_48t5_p5_S6g8iPAty.VmLd7nperkvBORlT9QQmLmLFHzbyPzMuahtmulR9yZWhON8zjGCZEXokf4uxdmUTzQoL_bMO3BERlr2FSKoJ9pF83a2apgEnlX598kw6aJnmhrOpR.ScYeV2bRkC0YdBP2V9BjpCGh.MC2OU.r4NGhahZCXUFVtG5d_e2q.hScq4.9MGAtZAB.05wn2al1ileJvJULlNsK98_IDx5dhpNxLijLT6gBcThGADmPftPwNdxESF3efpohJpbZUsUXbuz9xUIGXQ94lWXfGgR3YvMmU._gtoQGo.q3ZnLgMV6Dn3dmflBeyjq4zfuapVk_.AGsJ4KClmxq2ny2F5tIdW4d.xE9OquPKNv6CRYvp2zLt5.qbBUv2jwddVamaplG6szZFwWxSnBi7vyQnaloBZhFusKNqZHUhM2_LsvZ4PhvybmYeZR2WqCNyRltoRbV3EUVo0vn3DMSzz6MrClu7G_7OzjsWMfkKRoDFiaMr8gVivM9wlxKT.P6Wzzit7EJ8kv0BkNNOltd7WQ1QzKlKqwmlQBm5lA1PNSPBzd3q6yNz2uwyK3_Z_bJcoU5RicSr9yKUXtPA21",mdrd: "uyuHHiBOaovHcEvSTM8OSzDpTPdUcwZWQyYE_FxjSO8-1739784362-1.2.1.1-tqflIHoqhW_LlhnR1L_bhcXyZzAcw38RgiahsYmkdS6Yj9QFLlBLVFdPGxXVFeuZ.qS_xtOlnTz40Tchb949bpIki34G6OLKOYFF242mApRA7y.xQdj.hkEjCUxMOFwJK0uKgqVUMwJU1eVnpL5RCjCBFaVajJtHQVQQ92kzIxSsmAx.T9wqeiAoE5DaY6aNQVD6Vgru8waUKWoAqwDw7VfC3PQgrGTI6oEQj2MDg4E.lOEcYr4CabeW5FgsSvKUpQQ.DyCfmcYRe83BtNKLmzEGqxMcVkX4arL0CP4ZKoa5j7aLBLLYIdsbYpcKPaAUvEZtzburjesisDu75fEcKwPm7Ts2Vod41E81HDkY7ZgHJj8Tcg0lODUaizSwLlfPplC0JtoKgXiPsQyYw9u0UeHfIvRPunwt25DiWWYhpL_BwpdEXp3o6pzyxbD1dHBqQzJ50BO7T9W0DWOQH5bHbkfMqGyNovOT54wmuHjgXZUhrKkRucI.Wb_RYtT.az6GWLPDhy.ShHpDdUGFQizSFwgVoXURonrvLucbbx73Vdhdg7zww9n3FIv9Cf_6TnzLZdqMByOBhBYb_099kDtmRpa055IcXNxyXbVARpA9lTXf22iftenngp61N2SBsXvt25fNS.yDzcEdCIvwKtMqMfuFxbHScC3OhUwAjyQvFV2DCsrD0nlqipHVYsgmYv0MYMVvLz6F50zJ3QM4K9fjwrsuDthPNJLXCqjCLBbCICrTbvpR5rsgBMWdbg2w59INqge4zYB97oY8xWX04sBh07Fq9lntGhnItwjl4SCEFPD5Q8nie0wEZ7_eG9HEKFLBh9kqho2V0qQuaVJywAX4YJn0tKdUuiUK9s3rB3bTGdmvG6Ley.lgeeP8u4i4Lo9uez4yQBq1tPrZWEdnR8lmb9urC9OEb_jM.2nIgT6QQF0KzNd6.lDAmoMIaJlntqP9GSXF7BzIeQb2pM15G0lBBKCPuThIwb9GPOiNfHaupWvnOsKxTiu9PidM4AFjcpDXrMA3RPTmdDOVboNmdwC4.BiPIvqEJkAjCQZ4HZYhcikaS.VahmqWVi84EXscjD7i.ASvK5VTuFKwd_zym9gqDxdlYk2RBKJ7XfHzaaO1ytvOKQBSXWF_3KGj7dnZKKnBb5T6fvqfls9yPUSeapunWsUZZQGg8Usn9gLkM7yPz8v1a69ikDN58jLl8FVmbaQ2Qtb21hkPz_T4K1rQbUU444FP4OO_mtfYwmca8HQ6B3h3Y7ioAdN_xsBjRJLlVSKzr5RxGpJkeBuPfrUYxtN2pvzjJXc7ZtmlfaftjieE4quzZctdqnYrZk3RieEm79ArInZk3gBT5VqEVkAojm3tiMUCpEr7.AqYKVakOKl9BP_2odaw7gwgcSwF8cJ9EsOzsP6p6EVJgyo1ulx3Kuys6L5of.ZpdZvm.iQ2fjtN0ycfdrX3TV82WOl1m9w7pvnK3BQH8ddDYSQYKXHGjd09LgH00tPKcHQsDROqSJt_1NVQgzTkkDZOobPA14KBy6WiuNg__Mz53HxJsKviRaeX4dyB_8SbH40sbVdA_71LjhBWWOMLK.97YgMKBNWtbDuPgMEBPTB95AXBJIN6oW9lzFWm_ePu6mVRoQPY4gTf3TAMdgwoCjGPMdQRue3HdZpvK2KZ.Hzp1OKi8Ux1ta9fRYcXY3PlJv0sfys97IOy4yVxm4yKHOAybmdQvHfWXe2Vt2wLj1oJ0uZLOvvOWqXZRx7CXdfrAV01g.YTNoSGifBIYB2jBc7R.A_EwpSy9sLkm.RF1seswuZmKGpQr9IOc_od2JbpytHMQOkJz1oGNLomEW39G_rsEB9mbud5X0affr8AUYEOf0OQLp0YBNzXKokSP8ZQBbLYvsSldNfm3fQfU8FGzBvbKHP2Y1LEagxZ1jrIq3hVGCw6dpL93CASw0fIusjT._PuOQB7j37t1LLsBR7BtE3KmDMF.DsfrMBA"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=9134bbca6ce381e9';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/doi\/full\/10.1080\/09500340.2016.1270881?__cf_chl_rt_tk=pnjQBixCd1pANUsKYNu_P2Gq022vKkA0ThlmhxQPtoo-1739784362-1.0.1.1-Otzm5Jq2WOKOKovo7kcw5qQX7VtL2woHCwHI7BUcyhg" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>