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class="vector-toc-numb">7.1</span> <span>Interdenominational/Ecumenical</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Interdenominational/Ecumenical-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-United_Methodist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#United_Methodist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.2</span> <span>United Methodist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-United_Methodist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Presbyterian,_Reformed_and_Congregational" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Presbyterian,_Reformed_and_Congregational"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.3</span> <span>Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Presbyterian,_Reformed_and_Congregational-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anglican/Espiscopalian" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anglican/Espiscopalian"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.4</span> <span>Anglican/Espiscopalian</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anglican/Espiscopalian-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Lutheran_2" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Lutheran_2"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.5</span> <span>Lutheran</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Lutheran_2-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anabaptist" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anabaptist"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.6</span> <span>Anabaptist</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anabaptist-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Disciples_of_Christ" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Disciples_of_Christ"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7.7</span> <span>Disciples of Christ</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Disciples_of_Christ-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled 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</div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> </div> <div class="vector-column-end"> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Page tools"> <div id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Appearance"> <div id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-appearance" class="vector-appearance vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-appearance-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="appearance-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-appearance" data-pinned-container-id="vector-appearance-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Appearance</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" 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div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For other organizations with similar names, see <a href="/wiki/Confessing_Church" title="Confessing Church">Confessing Church</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Confessing_Evangelicals" title="Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals">Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals</a>.</div> <p>The <b>Confessing Movement</b> is a largely <a href="/wiki/Laity" title="Laity">lay-led</a> <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Christianity" title="Conservative Christianity">theologically conservative</a> Christian movement that opposes the influence of <a href="/wiki/Liberal_christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Liberal christianity">theological liberalism</a> and <a href="/wiki/Progressive_christianity" class="mw-redirect" title="Progressive christianity">theological progressivism</a> currently within several <a href="/wiki/Mainline_(Protestant)" class="mw-redirect" title="Mainline (Protestant)">mainline Protestant</a> <a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">denominations</a> and seeks to return those denominations to its view of <a href="/wiki/Orthodoxy" title="Orthodoxy">orthodox doctrine</a> or to form new denominations and <a href="/wiki/Excommunication" title="Excommunication">disfellowship (excommunicate)</a> them if the situation becomes untenable. Those who eventually deem dealing with theological liberalism and theological progressivism within their churches and denominations as not being tenable anymore would later join or start <a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(religion)" title="Confessionalism (religion)">Confessional Churches</a> and/or <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelical Churches</a> that continue with the traditions of their respective denominations and maintaining orthodox doctrine while being ecclesiastically separate from the Mainline Protestant denominations. </p><p>It overlaps with other conservative Christian movements including <a href="/wiki/Evangelicalism" title="Evangelicalism">Evangelicalism</a>, and within <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a> specifically, the <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness movement</a>. Its members have stated their commitment to work to change their home denominations from within rather than establishing new ones, even if they are unable to regain full influence. It also has overlaps with <a href="/wiki/Confessionalism_(religion)" title="Confessionalism (religion)">Confessionalism</a> which is identified with the belief in the importance of full and unambiguous assent to the whole of a religious movements' or denominations' teachings such as those found in Confessions of Faith which they see as accurate summaries of the teachings found in Scripture and accurately shows their distinction from other groups. Confessionalism is most visible among <a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutherans</a> known as <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutherans</a>. The Confessing Movement places particular weight on the role of <a href="/wiki/Evangelism" title="Evangelism">evangelism</a> and traditional Bible teachings concerning the deity of Christ and holds conservative, historical Christian views on <a href="/wiki/Human_sexuality" title="Human sexuality">sexuality</a>, especially <a href="/wiki/Homosexuality" title="Homosexuality">homosexuality</a>. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Confessing_Movement_in_the_churches">Confessing Movement in the churches</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Confessing Movement in the churches"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>A large group of laity and a somewhat smaller group of clergy within the mainline churches hold that their denominations have been "hijacked" by those who, in their view, have "forsaken Christianity" for <a href="/wiki/Moral_relativism" title="Moral relativism">moral relativism</a> to accommodate democratic pluralist society in America. They reject church leaders such as <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist</a> Bishop Joseph Sprague of <a href="/wiki/Chicago,_Illinois" class="mw-redirect" title="Chicago, Illinois">Chicago</a> and <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church in the United States of America">Episcopal</a> Bishop <a href="/wiki/John_Shelby_Spong" title="John Shelby Spong">John Shelby Spong</a> as being <a href="/wiki/Apostate" class="mw-redirect" title="Apostate">apostate</a>. </p><p>Although tension between theological modernizers and traditionalists in American Protestantism has existed for generations, the formation of the Confessing Movement was triggered by <a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_sexual_orientation" title="Christianity and sexual orientation">changing positions on sexual orientation</a> and especially the <a href="/wiki/Ordination" title="Ordination">ordination</a> of "practicing homosexuals" as <a href="/wiki/Clergy" title="Clergy">clergy</a>. Other issues influencing some groups were the <a href="/wiki/Ordination_of_women" title="Ordination of women">ordination of women</a>, and the decline in attendance of many of the mainline denominations from the 1950s to the 1980s in the US, with leaders of the Confessing Movement arguing that the shrinking of mainline church membership resulted from conservative members leaving for growing evangelical churches rather than liberal members disengaging. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Global">Global</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Global"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Methodist">Methodist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Methodist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div><p> The Confessing Movement within the <a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a> quotes <a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodism</a>'s founder, <a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">John Wesley</a>: <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1244412712">.mw-parser-output .templatequote{overflow:hidden;margin:1em 0;padding:0 32px}.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{line-height:1.5em;text-align:left;margin-top:0}@media(min-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .templatequotecite{padding-left:1.6em}}</style></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>I AM not afraid, that the people called Methodists, should ever cease to exist either in Europe or America. But I am afraid, lest they should only exist as a dead <a href="/wiki/Sect" title="Sect">sect</a>, having the form of <a href="/wiki/Religion" title="Religion">religion</a> without the power. And this undoubtedly will be the case, unless they hold fast both the <a href="/wiki/Doctrine" title="Doctrine">doctrine</a>, spirit, and <a href="/wiki/Discipline" title="Discipline">discipline</a> with which they first set out.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p></blockquote> <p>Leaders have included <a href="/wiki/Thomas_C._Oden" title="Thomas C. Oden">Thomas C. Oden</a>, <a href="/wiki/Maxie_Dunnam" title="Maxie Dunnam">Maxie Dunnam</a>, Bill Hinson, John Ed Mathison, Karen Covey Moore, <a href="/wiki/William_J._Abraham" title="William J. Abraham">William J. Abraham</a>, and James Heidinger. The movement was successful in maintaining doctrinal standards and traditional United Methodist positions on theology and practice at the General Conferences in <a href="/wiki/Cleveland" title="Cleveland">Cleveland</a> (2000), <a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh,_Pennsylvania" class="mw-redirect" title="Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania">Pittsburgh</a> (2004), and <a href="/wiki/Fort_Worth" class="mw-redirect" title="Fort Worth">Fort Worth</a> (2008). At the 2008 conference, for instance, delegates voted to retain language in the Social Creed defining marriage as a union between one man and one woman.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> They also maintained the traditional teaching that although homosexuals "are individuals of sacred worth", homosexual practice is "incompatible with Christian teaching".<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> After the 2019 United Methodist General Conference, the denomination became sharply divided over the issue of homosexuality and <a href="/wiki/Same-sex_marriage" title="Same-sex marriage">same-sex marriage</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-splainer_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splainer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Because of this split, there was speculation about the UMC separating or dividing into two or more denominations. An exit plan for dissatisfied congregations was passed by the 2019 General Conference and upheld by the Judicial Council (top court of the United Methodist Conference).<sup id="cite_ref-splainer_4-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-splainer-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, there are proposals for annual conferences to take place for the purpose of regular doctrinal evaluation. </p><p>Other Methodist organizations aligned with the Confessing Movement within the United Methodist Church include the Wesleyan Covenant Association, Concerned Methodists, Good News, <a href="/wiki/Institute_on_Religion_and_Democracy" title="Institute on Religion and Democracy">UM Action</a>, the Independent Committee on Alcohol and Drugs for United Methodists, Transforming Congregations, the <a href="/wiki/Taskforce_of_United_Methodists_on_Abortion_and_Sexuality" class="mw-redirect" title="Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality">Taskforce of United Methodists on Abortion and Sexuality</a> (Lifewatch), and Renew Network.<sup id="cite_ref-Oden2006_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Oden2006-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Apart from these traditionalist organizations within the United Methodist Church, other theologically traditional <a href="/wiki/List_of_Methodist_denominations" title="List of Methodist denominations">Methodist denominations</a> holding views similar to those espoused by the Confessing Movement include the <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Missionary_Methodist_Church" title="Missionary Methodist Church">Missionary Methodist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Primitive_Methodist_Church" title="Primitive Methodist Church">Primitive Methodist Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Lumber_River_Conference_of_the_Holiness_Methodist_Church" title="Lumber River Conference of the Holiness Methodist Church">Holiness Methodist Church</a>, and the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Methodist_Church" title="Congregational Methodist Church">Congregational Methodist Church</a>; these churches are all aligned with the <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Wesleyan-holiness movement</a>. Methodist denominations that have preserved certain distinctives of early Methodism, such as <a href="/wiki/Christian_head_covering" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian head covering">women's headcovering</a> and abstaining from wearing jewelry, include the <a href="/wiki/Fellowship_of_Independent_Methodist_Churches" title="Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches">Fellowship of Independent Methodist Churches</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Wesleyan_Church" title="Evangelical Wesleyan Church">Evangelical Wesleyan Church</a>, respectively. </p><p>As a result of conflict with the United Methodist leadership, the Confessing Movement within the United Methodist Church launched the <a href="/wiki/Global_Methodist_Church" title="Global Methodist Church">Global Methodist Church</a>. Other formerly United Methodist congregations aligned with the Confessing Movement within the United Methodist Church chose to join the <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Congregational_Methodist_Church" title="Congregational Methodist Church">Congregational Methodist Church</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Johnston2023_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Johnston2023-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Episcopalian_/_Anglican"><span id="Episcopalian_.2F_Anglican"></span>Episcopalian / Anglican</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Episcopalian / Anglican"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Global_Fellowship_of_Confessing_Anglicans" title="Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans">Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans</a> and <a href="/wiki/Continuing_Anglican_Movement" class="mw-redirect" title="Continuing Anglican Movement">Continuing Anglican Movement</a></div> <p>Originating at the first <a href="/wiki/Global_Anglican_Future_Conference" title="Global Anglican Future Conference">Global Anglican Future Conference</a> in 2008, the <a href="/wiki/Global_Fellowship_of_Confessing_Anglicans" title="Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans">Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans</a> (GAFCON) encompasses approximately 40 million Anglicans around the world. It includes <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a>-recognized provinces in <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_South_America" title="Anglican Church of South America">Argentina, Bolivia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Chile" title="Anglican Church of Chile">Chile</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Anglican_Church_of_the_Congo" title="Province of the Anglican Church of the Congo">the Democratic Republic of the Congo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Kenya" title="Anglican Church of Kenya">Kenya</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_Myanmar" title="Church of the Province of Myanmar">Myanmar</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Nigeria" title="Church of Nigeria">Nigeria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_South_America" title="Anglican Church of South America">Paraguay, Peru</a>, <a href="/wiki/Province_of_the_Episcopal_Church_of_South_Sudan" title="Province of the Episcopal Church of South Sudan">South Sudan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_Uganda" title="Church of Uganda">Uganda</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_South_America" title="Anglican Church of South America">Uruguay</a>. GAFCON also encompasses as full members provinces in <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_Brazil" title="Anglican Church in Brazil">Brazil</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Network_in_Europe" title="Anglican Network in Europe">Europe</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">North America</a> that are not recognized by the <a href="/wiki/Archbishop_of_Canterbury" title="Archbishop of Canterbury">Canterbury</a>-aligned structures of the Anglican Communion. GAFCON members also include individual confessing dioceses in <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Diocese_of_Sydney" title="Anglican Diocese of Sydney">Australia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Province_of_West_Africa" title="Church of the Province of West Africa">Ghana</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_of_Tanzania" title="Anglican Church of Tanzania">Tanzania</a>, as well as preexisting Anglican breakaway churches such as the <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Episcopal_Church" title="Reformed Episcopal Church">Reformed Episcopal Church</a>, the <a href="/wiki/Free_Church_of_England" title="Free Church of England">Free Church of England</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Evangelical_Anglican_Church_of_South_Africa" title="Reformed Evangelical Anglican Church of South Africa">REACH-SA</a>, as well as more recent structures such as the Church of Confessing Anglicans Aotearoa/New Zealand and the <a href="/wiki/Diocese_of_the_Southern_Cross" title="Diocese of the Southern Cross">Diocese of the Southern Cross</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-gafcon-members_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-gafcon-members-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> One forerunner of the <a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a> was the <a href="/wiki/American_Anglican_Council" title="American Anglican Council">American Anglican Council</a>, which included members of both the mainline <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_in_the_United_States_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Episcopal Church in the United States of America">Episcopal Church</a> and the eventual ACNA. The council states: <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1244412712"></p><blockquote class="templatequote"><p>Here are the facts about the Episcopal Church USA (ECUSA) as it currently exists. It is a Church that is no longer in relationship with the majority of Anglicans worldwide. It is a Church that no longer turns to <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Holy Scripture</a> for its guidance. It is a Church that has chosen the ways of man over the ways of God. It is a church that has undermined the institution of marriage. It is a church with which many worldwide Christian denominations have broken relations. It is a church that has lost its heart and soul and its commitment to making disciples and proclaiming the <a href="/wiki/Good_news_(religion)" class="mw-redirect" title="Good news (religion)">good news</a> of Jesus Christ.</p></blockquote> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="United_States">United States</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: United States"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output 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.sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-list-title,html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle{background:transparent!important}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .sidebar:not(.notheme) .sidebar-title-with-pretitle a{color:var(--color-progressive)!important}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .sidebar{display:none!important}}</style><table class="sidebar sidebar-collapse nomobile nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="font-size:110%;"><a href="/wiki/Christian_denomination" title="Christian denomination">Christian denominations</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">United States</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Christianity_in_the_United_States" title="Christianity in the United States">American interchurch</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Evangelicals" title="National Association of Evangelicals">National Association of Evangelicals</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Council_of_Churches" title="National Council of Churches">National Council of Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_Uniting_in_Christ" title="Churches Uniting in Christ">Churches Uniting in Christ</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anabaptism" title="Anabaptism">Anabaptist</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Brethren" title="Church of the Brethren">Church of the Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mennonite_Church_USA" title="Mennonite Church USA">Mennonite Church USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amish" title="Amish">Amish</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Anglicanism" title="Anglicanism">Anglican</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Church_in_North_America" title="Anglican Church in North America">Anglican Church in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Baptists" title="Baptists">Baptist</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Baptists" title="Alliance of Baptists">Alliance of Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Association" title="American Baptist Association">American Baptist Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Baptist_Churches_USA" title="American Baptist Churches USA">American Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Bible_Fellowship_International" title="Baptist Bible Fellowship International">Baptist Bible Fellowship International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baptist_Missionary_Association_of_America" title="Baptist Missionary Association of America">Baptist Missionary Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Baptist_Association_of_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Conservative Baptist Association of America">Conservative Baptist Association of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converge_(Baptist_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Converge (Baptist organization)">Converge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/General_Association_of_Regular_Baptist_Churches" title="General Association of Regular Baptist Churches">General Association of Regular Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Free_Will_Baptists" title="National Association of Free Will Baptists">National Association of Free Will Baptists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Primitive_Baptist_Convention_of_the_U.S.A." title="National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.">National Primitive Baptist Convention of the U.S.A.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Baptist_Conference" title="North American Baptist Conference">North American Baptist Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Southern_Baptist_Convention" title="Southern Baptist Convention">Southern Baptist Convention</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holiness_Baptists" class="mw-redirect" title="Holiness Baptists">Holiness Baptist Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Independent_Baptist" title="Independent Baptist">Independent Baptist Churches</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <p><b>African-American Baptist</b> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention_of_America,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention of America, Inc.">National Baptist Convention of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Baptist_Convention,_USA,_Inc." class="mw-redirect" title="National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.">National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Missionary_Baptist_Convention_of_America" title="National Missionary Baptist Convention of America">National Missionary Baptist Convention of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Progressive_National_Baptist_Convention" title="Progressive National Baptist Convention">Progressive National Baptist Convention</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Catholicism" class="mw-redirect" title="Catholicism">Catholic</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Catholic_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Catholic Church in the United States">Catholic Church in the United States</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Christianity" title="Eastern Christianity">Eastern Christian</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Orthodox">Eastern Orthodox</a></b> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antiochian_Orthodox_Christian_Archdiocese_of_North_America" title="Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese of North America">Antiochian Orthodox Christian Archdiocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greek_Orthodox_Archdiocese_of_America" title="Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America">Greek Orthodox Archdiocese of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Church_in_America" title="Orthodox Church in America">Orthodox Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Serbian_Orthodox_Church_in_North_and_South_America" title="Serbian Orthodox Church in North and South America">Serbian Orthodox Church in USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American-Canadian_Macedonian_Orthodox_Diocese" class="mw-redirect" title="American-Canadian Macedonian Orthodox Diocese">American-Canadian Macedonian Orthodox Diocese</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Russian_Orthodox_Church_Outside_Russia" class="mw-redirect" title="Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia">Russian Orthodox Church Outside Russia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ukrainian_Orthodox_Church_of_the_USA" title="Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA">Ukrainian Orthodox Church of the USA</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox">Oriental Orthodox</a></b> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Oriental_Orthodox_Armenians_in_the_United_States" class="mw-redirect" title="Oriental Orthodox Armenians in the United States">Armenian Apostolic Church in USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Coptic_Orthodox_Church_in_the_United_States" title="Coptic Orthodox Church in the United States">Coptic Orthodox Church in USA</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Syriac_Orthodox_Church" title="Syriac Orthodox Church">Syriac Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Orthodox_Tewahedo" title="Orthodox Tewahedo">Orthodox Tewahedo</a> (<a href="/wiki/Ethiopian_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Ethiopian Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eritrean_Orthodox_Tewahedo_Church" title="Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church">Eritrean Orthodox Tewahedo Church</a>)</li></ul></dd></dl> <p><b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Protestant_Christianity" title="Eastern Protestant Christianity">Eastern Protestant</a></b> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/P%27ent%27ay" title="P'ent'ay">P'ent'ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Orthodox_Church" title="Evangelical Orthodox Church">Evangelical Orthodox Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Evangelical_Church" title="Assyrian Evangelical Church">Assyrian Evangelical Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Assyrian_Pentecostal_Church" title="Assyrian Pentecostal Church">Assyrian Pentecostal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mar_Thoma_Syrian_Church" title="Mar Thoma Syrian Church">Mar Thoma Syrian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Armenian_Evangelical_Church" title="Armenian Evangelical Church">Armenian Evangelical Church</a></li></ul></dd></dl> <b><a href="/wiki/Eastern_Catholic_Churches" title="Eastern Catholic Churches">Eastern Catholic</a></b></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Lutheranism" title="Lutheranism">Lutheran</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/North_American_Lutheran_Church" title="North American Lutheran Church">North American Lutheran Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wisconsin_Evangelical_Lutheran_Synod" title="Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod">Wisconsin Evangelical Lutheran Synod</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Methodism" title="Methodism">Methodist</a> and <a href="/wiki/Holiness_movement" title="Holiness movement">Holiness</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Church">African Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/African_Methodist_Episcopal_Zion_Church" title="African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church">African Methodist Episcopal Zion Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Methodist_Episcopal_Church" title="Christian Methodist Episcopal Church">Christian Methodist Episcopal Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_and_Missionary_Alliance" class="mw-redirect" title="Christian and Missionary Alliance">Christian and Missionary Alliance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Anderson,_Indiana)" title="Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)">Church of God (Anderson, Indiana)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_the_Nazarene" title="Church of the Nazarene">Church of the Nazarene</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Global_Methodist_Church" title="Global Methodist Church">Global Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Salvation_Army" title="The Salvation Army">The Salvation Army</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Methodist_Church" title="United Methodist Church">United Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wesleyan_Church" title="Wesleyan Church">Wesleyan Church</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Pentecostalism" title="Pentecostalism">Pentecostal</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"><b>Holiness Pentecostal</b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_(Cleveland,_Tennessee)" title="Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)">Church of God (Cleveland, Tennessee)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_in_Christ" title="Church of God in Christ">Church of God in Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_of_God_of_Prophecy" title="Church of God of Prophecy">Church of God of Prophecy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Pentecostal_Holiness_Church" title="International Pentecostal Holiness Church">International Pentecostal Holiness Church</a></li></ul> <p><b>Finished Work Pentecostal</b> </p> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assemblies_of_God_USA" title="Assemblies of God USA">Assemblies of God</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Church_on_the_Rock_International" class="mw-redirect" title="Church on the Rock International">Church on the Rock International</a></li> <li><a href="/w/index.php?title=Full_Gospel_Fellowship&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Full Gospel Fellowship (page does not exist)">Full Gospel Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Church_of_the_Foursquare_Gospel" class="mw-redirect" title="International Church of the Foursquare Gospel">International Church of the Foursquare Gospel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Church_of_God" title="Pentecostal Church of God">Pentecostal Church of God</a></li></ul> <p><b>Oneness Pentecostal</b> </p> <dl><dd><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Pentecostal_Assemblies_of_the_World" title="Pentecostal Assemblies of the World">Pentecostal Assemblies of the World</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Pentecostal_Church_International" title="United Pentecostal Church International">United Pentecostal Church Intl.</a></li></ul></dd></dl></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Presbyterianism" title="Presbyterianism">Presbyterian</a> and <a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church" class="mw-redirect" title="Reformed Church">Reformed</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Reformed_Church_in_North_America" title="Christian Reformed Church in North America">Christian Reformed Church in North America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cumberland_Presbyterian_Church" title="Cumberland Presbyterian Church">Cumberland Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ECO:_A_Covenant_Order_of_Evangelical_Presbyterians" class="mw-redirect" title="ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians">ECO: A Covenant Order of Evangelical Presbyterians</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Presbyterian_Church_(United_States)" title="Evangelical Presbyterian Church (United States)">Evangelical Presbyterian Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Korean_Presbyterian_Church_in_America" class="mw-redirect" title="Korean Presbyterian Church in America">Korean Presbyterian Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Council_of_Community_Churches" title="International Council of Community Churches">International Council of Community Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Association_of_Congregational_Christian_Churches" title="National Association of Congregational Christian Churches">National Association of Congregational Christian Churches</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reformed_Church_in_America" title="Reformed Church in America">Reformed Church in America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Radical_Pietism" title="Radical Pietism">Radical Pietist</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Covenant_Church" title="Evangelical Covenant Church">Evangelical Covenant Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Free_Church_of_America" title="Evangelical Free Church of America">Evangelical Free Church of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Converge_(Baptist_organization)" class="mw-redirect" title="Converge (Baptist organization)">Converge</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)"><a href="/wiki/Restoration_Movement" title="Restoration Movement">Stone-Campbell</a></div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Church_(Disciples_of_Christ)" title="Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)">Christian Church (Disciples of Christ)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_churches_and_churches_of_Christ" title="Christian churches and churches of Christ">Christian churches and churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Churches_of_Christ" title="Churches of Christ">Churches of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/International_Churches_of_Christ" title="International Churches of Christ">International Churches of Christ</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content"> <div class="sidebar-list mw-collapsible mw-collapsed"><div class="sidebar-list-title" style="background:lavender; border:1px #aaa solid; text-align:center;;color: var(--color-base)">Other</div><div class="sidebar-list-content mw-collapsible-content plainlist"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/The_Church_of_Jesus_Christ_of_Latter-day_Saints" title="The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints">LDS Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quakers" title="Quakers">The Religious Society of Friends (Quakers)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Community_of_Christ" title="Community of Christ">Community of Christ</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Grace_Gospel_Fellowship" title="Grace Gospel Fellowship">Grace Gospel Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/IFCA_International" title="IFCA International">IFCA International</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jehovah%27s_Witnesses" title="Jehovah's Witnesses">Jehovah's Witnesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Messianic_Jewish_Alliance_of_America" title="Messianic Jewish Alliance of America">Messianic Jewish Alliance of America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Plymouth_Brethren" title="Plymouth Brethren">Plymouth Brethren</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seventh-day_Adventist_Church" title="Seventh-day Adventist Church">Seventh-day Adventist Church</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unitarian_Universalist_Christian_Fellowship" title="Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship">Unitarian Universalist Christian Fellowship</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Association_of_Vineyard_Churches" title="Association of Vineyard Churches">Vineyard USA</a></li></ul></div></div></td> </tr><tr><td class="sidebar-navbar"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239400231">.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:inline;font-size:88%;font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .navbar-collapse{float:left;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .navbar-boxtext{word-spacing:0}.mw-parser-output .navbar ul{display:inline-block;white-space:nowrap;line-height:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::before{margin-right:-0.125em;content:"[ "}.mw-parser-output .navbar-brackets::after{margin-left:-0.125em;content:" ]"}.mw-parser-output .navbar li{word-spacing:-0.125em}.mw-parser-output .navbar a>span,.mw-parser-output .navbar a>abbr{text-decoration:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-mini abbr{font-variant:small-caps;border-bottom:none;text-decoration:none;cursor:inherit}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-full{font-size:114%;margin:0 7em}.mw-parser-output .navbar-ct-mini{font-size:114%;margin:0 4em}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}@media(prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .navbar li a abbr{color:var(--color-base)!important}}@media print{.mw-parser-output .navbar{display:none!important}}</style><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Christian_denominations_in_the_United_States" title="Template:Christian denominations in the United States"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Christian_denominations_in_the_United_States" title="Template talk:Christian denominations in the United States"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Christian_denominations_in_the_United_States" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Christian denominations in the United States"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presbyterian">Presbyterian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Presbyterian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main articles: <a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_Community" title="The Fellowship Community">The Fellowship Community</a> and <a href="/wiki/Alliance_of_Confessing_Evangelicals" title="Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals">Alliance of Confessing Evangelicals</a></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid #b32424}.mw-parser-output .ambox-content{border-left:10px solid #f28500}.mw-parser-output .ambox-style{border-left:10px solid #fc3}.mw-parser-output .ambox-move{border-left:10px solid #9932cc}.mw-parser-output .ambox-protection{border-left:10px solid #a2a9b1}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-text{border:none;padding:0.25em 0.5em;width:100%}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image{border:none;padding:2px 0 2px 0.5em;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-imageright{border:none;padding:2px 0.5em 2px 0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-empty-cell{border:none;padding:0;width:1px}.mw-parser-output .ambox .mbox-image-div{width:52px}@media(min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .ambox{margin:0 10%}}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .ambox{display:none!important}}</style><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Confessing_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Confessing Movement">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>One of the fastest growing Confessing Movements is within the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">Presbyterian Church (USA)</a>. In February, 2002 more than 800 laity, pastors, deacons, and elders gathered in <a href="/wiki/Atlanta,_Georgia" class="mw-redirect" title="Atlanta, Georgia">Atlanta, Georgia</a> for the first National Celebration of Confessing Churches. Participating churches affirm that <a href="/wiki/Christ" class="mw-redirect" title="Christ">Christ</a> is the only way of <a href="/wiki/Salvation" title="Salvation">salvation</a>, that the <a href="/wiki/Bible" title="Bible">Bible</a> is infallible in its teachings, and that <a href="/wiki/Sexual_relations" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexual relations">sexual relations</a> are exclusively for <a href="/wiki/Marriage" title="Marriage">marriage</a>. </p><p>More than 1,300 of the denomination's 11,000 congregations have adopted such declarations and become part of a loosely knit Confessing Church Movement. </p><p>The books <i>Union in Christ: A Declaration for the Church</i> (1999) and <i>A Passion for the Gospel: Confessing Jesus Christ for the 21st Century</i> (2000), both by Mark Achtemeier and <a href="/wiki/Andrew_Purves" title="Andrew Purves">Andrew Purves</a>, have served as rallying cries for Confessing Presbyterians. </p><p>The positions held by these caucuses is similar to that of denominations such as the <a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_in_America" title="Presbyterian Church in America">Presbyterian Church in America</a>; a more conservative denomination is the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_of_North_America" title="Free Presbyterian Church of North America">Free Presbyterian Church of North America</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheran">Lutheran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Lutheran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Confessional_Lutheranism" title="Confessional Lutheranism">Confessional Lutheranism</a></div> <p>Conservative traditions have always been strong in the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_church" class="mw-redirect" title="Lutheran church">Lutheran</a> synods of North America. Over the last two centuries, most of the many new synods were started by members who felt their synod was straying from Christian orthodoxy. There are several reform movements that have been founded in recent years to effect change within existing Lutheran denominations. </p><p>The largest of these organizations is the <a href="/wiki/WordAlone" title="WordAlone">WordAlone</a> Network, organized in 2000 in opposition to the Concordat/<a href="/wiki/Called_to_Common_Mission" title="Called to Common Mission">Called to Common Mission</a> agreement with the <a href="/wiki/Episcopal_Church_(United_States)" title="Episcopal Church (United States)">Episcopal Church USA</a>. Under that agreement, the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a> (ELCA) agreed to undertake the Episcopal practice of being governed by bishops in the historic episcopate. Many Lutherans saw this as contrary to Lutheran theology and organized in opposition to it. </p><p>While the WordAlone Network has worked to reform church governance, sometimes with little visible reward for their effort, they succeeded at the 2005 Churchwide Assembly of the ELCA in slowing the efforts of those who sought to revise the understanding of homosexuality within the ELCA. This was accomplished in cooperation with others who did not oppose the historic episcopate through the <a href="/wiki/Solid_Rock_Lutherans" title="Solid Rock Lutherans">Solid Rock Lutherans</a> organization. WordAlone has also been an incubator for launching related groups working to reform the church. They include a new publisher of a Lutheran hymnal (Reclaim Lutheran Worship), LC3, and <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_CORE" title="Lutheran CORE">Lutheran CORE</a>. </p><p>The most successful WordAlone outgrowth is <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Congregations_in_Mission_for_Christ" title="Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ">Lutheran Congregations in Mission for Christ</a> (LCMC), a post-denominational association of 724 congregations in ten countries, with 656 of them in the United States. </p><p>The Evangelical Lutheran Confessing Fellowship (ELCF) is one of the more recent of these "reform" movements, inspired by the other Protestant "confessing movements" described in this article. </p><p>The ELCF was organized in Allentown, Pennsylvania, in February, 2002 by about 60 <a href="/wiki/Pastor" title="Pastor">pastors</a> and laypersons who belonged to the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">Evangelical Lutheran Church in America</a>. The goal of the movement is to remain faithful to the orthodox or traditional teachings of the church, especially with regard to the doctrine of the Holy Trinity, the unique Lordship of Jesus Christ, the authority of scripture, and human sexual intimacy. Its efforts have been to persuade the ELCA to return to orthodox positions with regard to its theology and teachings, rather than separation from the ELCA. According to their initial press release, a primary goal is to head off apparent movement toward formal recognition and ordination of <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexual</a> clergy.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2005, the proposals to allow ordination of homosexual clergy and blessing of homosexual relationships were defeated at the ELCA's national convention. </p><p>In 2005 the Lutheran Coalition for Reform (<a href="/wiki/Lutheran_CORE" title="Lutheran CORE">Lutheran CORE</a>) was formed to organize groups and individuals within the ELCA to uphold the traditional church teachings on the scriptures, marriage, and sexuality.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The decisions of the <a href="/wiki/2009_ELCA_Churchwide_Assembly" title="2009 ELCA Churchwide Assembly">2009 ELCA Churchwide Assembly</a> to allow pastors to be in same-sex relationships and still preach the ministry caused Lutheran CORE to begin working towards focusing on helping alternative confessing fellowships for Lutherans no matter what church affiliations. Lutheran CORE still maintains membership within the ELCA and the <a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_Canada" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada">Evangelical Lutheran Church in Canada</a> though they also have affiliations with LCMC and the <a href="/wiki/Lutheran_Church_%E2%80%93_Missouri_Synod" title="Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod">Lutheran Church – Missouri Synod</a>, among others; Lutheran CORE was also instrumental in the formation of the <a href="/wiki/North_American_Lutheran_Church" title="North American Lutheran Church">North American Lutheran Church</a> in 2010 by Lutheran CORE congregations that no longer wished to be part of the ELCA or ELCiC. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Church_of_Christ">United Church of Christ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: United Church of Christ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Unreferenced_section plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-content ambox-Unreferenced" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section <b>does not <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">cite</a> any <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">sources</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Confessing_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Confessing Movement">improve this section</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" title="Help:Referencing for beginners">adding citations to reliable sources</a>. Unsourced material may be challenged and <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability#Burden_of_evidence" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">removed</a>.</span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">July 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <p>In the <a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">United Church of Christ</a>, a denomination in the <a href="/wiki/Congregationalist" class="mw-redirect" title="Congregationalist">Congregationalist</a> tradition, the first confessing movement founded was the <a href="/wiki/Biblical_Witness_Fellowship" title="Biblical Witness Fellowship">Biblical Witness Fellowship</a>, formed in 1977 after a General Synod sexuality study that, to the founders, seemed to take a decidedly permissive attitude toward non-marital sex and homosexuality. The BWF advocates a dual goal of local church renewal and national level reformation. Under the leadership of executive director David Runnion-Bareford, a <a href="/wiki/Candia,_New_Hampshire" title="Candia, New Hampshire">Candia, New Hampshire</a>, pastor, this movement has presented reformation initiatives before each of the last five Synods of the UCC, including a successful reaffirmation of the Lordship of Jesus Christ and the denomination's historic symbol, the "Cross Triumphant," in 2005. "Focus Renewal Ministries" was founded as a charismatic expression within the United Church of Christ, although its membership is small. More recently, some UCC conservatives began a "Faithful and Welcoming" movement, led by the Rev. Bob Thompson, pastor of <a href="/wiki/Hickory,_North_Carolina" title="Hickory, North Carolina">Hickory, North Carolina</a>'s Corinth Reformed UCC. Like the founding of the BWF, that initiative followed the controversial General Synod of 2005 (in which the denomination in effect endorsed the efforts of same-sex couples to marry) and seeks to keep churches from leaving the denomination. Generally speaking, the F&W movement is perceived as less strident than the BWF, which has close relationships with established para-denominational evangelical organizations such as <a href="/wiki/Gordon-Conwell_Theological_Seminary" class="mw-redirect" title="Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary">Gordon-Conwell Theological Seminary</a> in Massachusetts. </p><p>However, the UCC's renewal advocates have been far less successful than their counterparts in other mainline bodies: according to Faithful and Welcoming, over 250 congregations have withdrawn from the denomination since 2005, and despite the work mentioned above, the national leadership, and probably a majority of the remaining congregations, are resolute in their support of liberal theological and social stands. It is thus likely that laypeople and clergy espousing the aims of BWF, FRM, and F&W will remain small minorities in the denomination for the foreseeable future. Given this scenario, many more of the remaining advocates may well defect to more conservative Congregationalist denominations such as the <a href="/wiki/Conservative_Congregational_Christian_Conference" title="Conservative Congregational Christian Conference">Conservative Congregational Christian Conference</a>, leaving the UCC as perhaps the U.S.'s most politically and theologically liberal Christian group. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Australia">Australia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Uniting_Church_in_Australia">Uniting Church in Australia</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: Uniting Church in Australia"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The <a href="/wiki/Assembly_of_Confessing_Congregations_(Uniting_Church_in_Australia)" title="Assembly of Confessing Congregations (Uniting Church in Australia)">Assembly of Confessing Congregations</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Uniting_Church_in_Australia" title="Uniting Church in Australia">Uniting Church in Australia</a> formed in 2006. It is the result of the coming together of two groups: the Reforming Alliance (est. 2003 in response decision by the UCA's 2003 Assembly not ban outright on the ordination of practicing <a href="/wiki/Homosexual" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual">homosexuals</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>) and the Evangelical Members within the Uniting Church in Australia (EMU) (est. in the early 1990s as a conservative response to what was seen as the church's <a href="/wiki/Liberal_Christianity" title="Liberal Christianity">growing liberalism</a>). </p><p>Some traditionalist members of the Uniting Church in Australia have left to join conservative denominations, with those who are Wesleyan-Arminian in theology joining the <a href="/wiki/Free_Methodist_Church" title="Free Methodist Church">Free Methodist Church</a> and those who are Reformed in theology joining groups such as the <a href="/wiki/Free_Presbyterian_Church_(Australia)" title="Free Presbyterian Church (Australia)">Free Presbyterian Church</a>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Neo-orthodoxy" title="Neo-orthodoxy">Neo-orthodoxy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_abortion" title="Christianity and abortion">Christianity and abortion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christianity_and_homosexuality" title="Christianity and homosexuality">Christianity and homosexuality</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=12" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-1">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFWesley1827" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/John_Wesley" title="John Wesley">Wesley, John</a> (1827) [1787]. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kcUqAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA148">"Thoughts upon Methodism"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=kcUqAAAAYAAJ"><i>The Works of the Rev. John Wesley, Vol. X</i></a>. New York: J. & J. Harper. p. 148.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Thoughts+upon+Methodism&rft.btitle=The+Works+of+the+Rev.+John+Wesley%2C+Vol.+X&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=148&rft.pub=J.+%26+J.+Harper&rft.date=1827&rft.aulast=Wesley&rft.aufirst=John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DkcUqAAAAYAAJ%26pg%3DPA148&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20110607055634/http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=1723955&ct=5322883">"Wrap-up: General Conference closes with message of hope after addressing budget, social issues - UMC.org"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.umc.org/site/apps/nlnet/content3.aspx?c=lwL4KnN1LtH&b=1723955&ct=5322883">the original</a> on 2011-06-07<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-05-05</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Wrap-up%3A+General+Conference+closes+with+message+of+hope+after+addressing+budget%2C+social+issues+-+UMC.org&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.umc.org%2Fsite%2Fapps%2Fnlnet%2Fcontent3.aspx%3Fc%3DlwL4KnN1LtH%26b%3D1723955%26ct%3D5322883&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span> General Conference closes with message of hope after addressing budget, social issues</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRussell2008" class="citation web cs1">Russell, Robin (April 30, 2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ee.umc.org/who-we-are/united-methodists-uphold-homosexuality-stance">"United Methodists uphold homosexuality stance"</a>. <i>United Methodist Church</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=United+Methodist+Church&rft.atitle=United+Methodists+uphold+homosexuality+stance&rft.date=2008-04-30&rft.aulast=Russell&rft.aufirst=Robin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fee.umc.org%2Fwho-we-are%2Funited-methodists-uphold-homosexuality-stance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-splainer-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-splainer_4-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-splainer_4-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEmily_McFarlan_Miller2019" class="citation web cs1">Emily McFarlan Miller (March 7, 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://religionnews.com/2019/03/07/the-splainer-what-happened-at-the-united-methodist-general-conference/">"The 'Splainer: What happened at the United Methodist General Conference?"</a>. <i>Religion News Service</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Religion+News+Service&rft.atitle=The+%27Splainer%3A+What+happened+at+the+United+Methodist+General+Conference%3F&rft.date=2019-03-07&rft.au=Emily+McFarlan+Miller&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Freligionnews.com%2F2019%2F03%2F07%2Fthe-splainer-what-happened-at-the-united-methodist-general-conference%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Oden2006-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Oden2006_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOden2006" class="citation book cs1">Oden, Thomas C. (2006). <i>Turning Around the Mainline: How Renewal Movements Are Changing the Church</i>. Baker Books. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780801065767" title="Special:BookSources/9780801065767"><bdi>9780801065767</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Turning+Around+the+Mainline%3A+How+Renewal+Movements+Are+Changing+the+Church&rft.pub=Baker+Books&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=9780801065767&rft.aulast=Oden&rft.aufirst=Thomas+C.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-6">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHahn2019" class="citation web cs1">Hahn, Heather (8 May 2019). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.umnews.org/en/news/traditionalists-bishops-talk-church-future">"Traditionalists, bishops talk church future"</a>. UM News<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 December</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Traditionalists%2C+bishops+talk+church+future&rft.pub=UM+News&rft.date=2019-05-08&rft.aulast=Hahn&rft.aufirst=Heather&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.umnews.org%2Fen%2Fnews%2Ftraditionalists-bishops-talk-church-future&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Johnston2023-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Johnston2023_7-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJohnston2023" class="citation web cs1">Johnston, Jeff (24 May 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dailycitizen.focusonthefamily.com/thousands-of-congregations-leave-united-methodist-church-over-biblical-concerns/">"Thousands of Congregations Leave United Methodist Church Over Biblical Concerns"</a>. Daily Citizen<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">3 May</span> 2024</span>. <q>Others are joining more conservative Methodist groups, such as the Congregational Methodist Church, the Free Methodist Church, or the Global Methodist Church, an international denomination that launched just over a year ago.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Thousands+of+Congregations+Leave+United+Methodist+Church+Over+Biblical+Concerns&rft.pub=Daily+Citizen&rft.date=2023-05-24&rft.aulast=Johnston&rft.aufirst=Jeff&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdailycitizen.focusonthefamily.com%2Fthousands-of-congregations-leave-united-methodist-church-over-biblical-concerns%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-gafcon-members-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-gafcon-members_8-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gafcon.org/about/global-movement">"Global Movement"</a>. <i>Gafcon Global Anglicans</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">29 September</span> 2022</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Gafcon+Global+Anglicans&rft.atitle=Global+Movement&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.gafcon.org%2Fabout%2Fglobal-movement&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20041112013432/http://www.elcf.net/news_061802.html">"Lutherans Organize Confessing Movement"</a>. June 18, 2002. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.elcf.net/news_061802.html">the original</a> on November 12, 2004<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Lutherans+Organize+Confessing+Movement&rft.date=2002-06-18&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.elcf.net%2Fnews_061802.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-10">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWolf2015" class="citation web cs1">Wolf, Erma (February 11, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://mcsletstalk.org/other-ways-to-do-and-be-the-church/lutheran-core-a-free-standing-what/">"Lutheran CORE: A Free-Standing What???"</a>. <i>Let's Talk</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 16,</span> 2021</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Let%27s+Talk&rft.atitle=Lutheran+CORE%3A+A+Free-Standing+What%3F%3F%3F&rft.date=2015-02-11&rft.aulast=Wolf&rft.aufirst=Erma&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmcsletstalk.org%2Fother-ways-to-do-and-be-the-church%2Flutheran-core-a-free-standing-what%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20050621171804/http://nat.uca.org.au/ASC/commqa.htm">"National Assembly of the Uniting Church in Australia"</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nat.uca.org.au/ASC/commqa.htm">the original</a> on 2005-06-21<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2005-04-24</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=National+Assembly+of+the+Uniting+Church+in+Australia&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnat.uca.org.au%2FASC%2Fcommqa.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AConfessing+Movement" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <p>"United Methodist Insight" November 2, 2019 </p><p>Wesleyan Covenant Association website, October, 2019. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=13" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Interdenominational/Ecumenical"><span id="Interdenominational.2FEcumenical"></span>Interdenominational/Ecumenical</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=14" title="Edit section: Interdenominational/Ecumenical"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20040124050523/http://www.ird-renew.org/Issues/IssuesList.cfm?c=9">Association for Church Renewal</a> - a fellowship of renewing and confessing movement leaders within mainline Protestant denominations</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theird.org/">The Institute on Religion and Democracy</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.operationreconquista.com/">Operation Reconquista</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="United_Methodist">United Methodist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=15" title="Edit section: United Methodist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.confessingumc.org">The Confessing Movement within The United Methodist Church</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.ucmpage.org">Unofficial Confessing Movement Page (United Methodist)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cmpage.org/">Concerned Methodists</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://transformingcongregations.org/">Transforming Congregations</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.goodnewsmag.org">Good News Movement - United Methodist</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Presbyterian,_Reformed_and_Congregational"><span id="Presbyterian.2C_Reformed_and_Congregational"></span>Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=16" title="Edit section: Presbyterian, Reformed and Congregational"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20011217235840/http%3A//www.confessingchurch.homestead.com/">The Confessing Church Movement Within The Presbyterian Church (USA)</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.today/20130112165438/http://www.biblicalwitness.org/">A confessing movement within the United Church of Christ</a><sup><a href="/wiki/Template:Usurped/doc" title="Template:Usurped/doc">[usurped]</a></sup></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://faithfulandwelcoming.org">Faithful and Welcoming Churches of the United Church of Christ</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.communityofconcern.org/aboutus.htm">Community of Concern within the United Church of Canada</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.layman.org">The Presbyterian Layman (Presbyterian Church USA)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anglican/Espiscopalian"><span id="Anglican.2FEspiscopalian"></span>Anglican/Espiscopalian</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=17" title="Edit section: Anglican/Espiscopalian"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.americananglican.org">American Anglican Council</a></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.anglicansunited.com">Anglicans United, Working for Orthodox Anglicanism (formerly Episcopalians United)</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Lutheran_2">Lutheran</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=18" title="Edit section: Lutheran"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wordalone.org">Word Alone Network - Building an evangelical, confessional Lutheran future in America</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anabaptist">Anabaptist</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=19" title="Edit section: Anabaptist"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.brfwitness.org">Brethren Revival Fellowship</a> within the Church of the Brethren</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Disciples_of_Christ">Disciples of Christ</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&action=edit&section=20" title="Edit section: Disciples of Christ"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.discipleheritage.org/">Disciple Heritage Fellowship</a> within the Stone–Campbell Movement</li></ul> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236075235">.mw-parser-output .navbox{box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;width:100%;clear:both;font-size:88%;text-align:center;padding:1px;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbox{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output 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navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Confessing_Movement" title="Template:Confessing Movement"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Template_talk:Confessing_Movement&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Template talk:Confessing Movement (page does not exist)"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Confessing_Movement" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Confessing Movement"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Confessing_movements" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Confessing movements</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Within <a href="/wiki/Mainline_Protestant" title="Mainline Protestant">mainline denominations</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><b><a href="/wiki/The_Fellowship_Community" title="The Fellowship Community">The Fellowship Community</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Presbyterian_Church_(USA)" title="Presbyterian Church (USA)">PCUSA</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Biblical_Witness_Fellowship" title="Biblical Witness Fellowship">Biblical Witness Fellowship</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/United_Church_of_Christ" title="United Church of Christ">UCC</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/WordAlone" title="WordAlone">WordAlone</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Evangelical_Lutheran_Church_in_America" title="Evangelical Lutheran Church in America">ELCA</a></li></ul></li> <li><b><a href="/wiki/Global_Fellowship_of_Confessing_Anglicans" title="Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans">Global Fellowship of Confessing Anglicans</a></b> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Anglican_Communion" title="Anglican Communion">Anglican Communion</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1&useformat=desktop" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&oldid=1258331300">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Confessing_Movement&oldid=1258331300</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a 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