Git - The Refspec

<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang="uz"> <head> <meta charset='utf-8'> <meta content='IE=edge,chrome=1' http-equiv='X-UA-Compatible'> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <title>Git - The Refspec</title> <link href="/favicon.ico" rel='shortcut icon' type='image/x-icon'> <link rel="stylesheet" href="/application.min.css"> <script src="/js/modernizr.js"></script> <script src="/js/modernize.js"></script> </head> <body id="documentation"> <div class="inner"> <header> <a href="/"><img src="/images/logo@2x.png" width="110" height="46" alt="Git" /></a> <span id="tagline"></span> <script type="text/javascript"> const taglines = [ "fast-version-control", "everything-is-local", "distributed-even-if-your-workflow-isnt", "local-branching-on-the-cheap", "distributed-is-the-new-centralized" ]; var tagline = taglines[Math.floor(Math.random() * taglines.length)]; document.getElementById('tagline').innerHTML = '--' + tagline; </script> <form id="search" action="/search/results"> <input id="search-text" name="search" placeholder="Type / to search entire site…" autocomplete="off" type="text" /> </form> <div id="search-results"></div> </header> </div> <div class="inner"> <div id="content-wrapper"> <div tabindex="1" class="sidebar-btn"></div> <aside class="sidebar" id="sidebar"> <nav> <ul> <li> <a href="/about">About</a> <ul> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/doc" class="active">Documentation</a> <ul class="expanded"> <li> <a href="/docs">Reference</a> </li> <li> <a href="/book" class="active">Book</a> </li> <li> <a href="/videos">Videos</a> </li> <li> <a href="/doc/ext">External Links</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/downloads">Downloads</a> <ul > <li> <a href="/downloads/guis">GUI Clients</a> </li> <li> <a href="/downloads/logos">Logos</a> </li> </ul> </li> <li> <a href="/community">Community</a> </li> </ul> <hr class="sidebar"> <p> This book is available in <a href="/book/en/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">English</a>. </p> <p> Full translation available in <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/az/v2/Git%e2%80%99in-Daxili-%c4%b0%c5%9fl%c9%99ri-Refspec">azərbaycan dili</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/bg/v2/%d0%9f%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%b5-B:-%d0%92%d0%b3%d1%80%d0%b0%d0%b6%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b5-%d0%bd%d0%b0-Git-%d0%b2-%d0%bf%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%b6%d0%b5%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%8f-Dulwich">български език</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/de/v2/Git-Interna-Die-Referenzspezifikation-engl-Refspec">Deutsch</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/es/v2/Los-entresijos-internos-de-Git-Las-especificaciones-para-hacer-referencia-a%e2%80%a6%e2%80%8b-refspec">Español</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/fr/v2/Les-tripes-de-Git-La-refspec">Français</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/gr">Ελληνικά</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ja/v2/Git%e3%81%ae%e5%86%85%e5%81%b4-Refspec">日本語</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ko/v2/Git%ec%9d%98-%eb%82%b4%eb%b6%80-Refspec">한국어</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/nl/v2/Git-Binnenwerk-De-Refspec">Nederlands</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ru/v2/Git-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bd%d1%83%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%a1%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%84%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%86%d0%b8%d0%b8-%d1%81%d1%81%d1%8b%d0%bb%d0%be%d0%ba">Русский</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sl/v2/Notranjost-Gita-Refspec">Slovenščina</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/tl/v2/Mga-Panloob-ng-GIT-Ang-Refspec">Tagalog</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/uk/v2/Git-%d0%b7%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b5%d0%b4%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%a1%d0%bf%d0%b5%d1%86%d0%b8%d1%84%d1%96%d0%ba%d0%b0%d1%86%d1%96%d1%8f-%d0%bf%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d1%8c-refspec">Українська</a></td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/zh/v2/Git-%e5%86%85%e9%83%a8%e5%8e%9f%e7%90%86-%e5%bc%95%e7%94%a8%e8%a7%84%e8%8c%83">简体中文</a>,</td></tr> </table> </p> <p> Partial translations available in <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/cs/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Čeština</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/mk/v2/%d0%92%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b5%d1%88%d0%bd%d0%be%d1%81%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%bd%d0%b0-Git-The-Refspec">Македонски</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pl/v2/Mechanizmy-wewn%c4%99trzne-w-Git-Refspec">Polski</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sr/v2/%d0%93%d0%b8%d1%82-%d0%b8%d0%b7%d0%bd%d1%83%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b0-%d0%a0%d0%b5%d1%84%d1%81%d0%bf%d0%b5%d0%ba">Српски</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Ўзбекча</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/zh-tw/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">繁體中文</a>,</td></tr> </table> </p> <p> Translations started for <table> <tr><td><a href="/book/be/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Беларуская</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/fa/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec" dir="rtl">فارسی</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/id/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Indonesian</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/it/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Italiano</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/ms/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Bahasa Melayu</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pt-br/v2/Funcionamento-Interno-do-Git-The-Refspec">Português (Brasil)</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/pt-pt/v2/Internos-do-Git-The-Refspec">Português (Portugal)</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/sv/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec">Svenska</a>,</td></tr> <tr><td><a href="/book/tr/v2/Dahili-Git-%c3%96geleri-Refspec">Türkçe</a>.</td></tr> </table> </p> <hr class="sidebar"/> <p> The source of this book is <a href="https://github.com/progit/progit2-uz">hosted on GitHub.</a></br> Patches, suggestions and comments are welcome. </p> </nav> </aside> <div id="content"> <div id="book-chapters"> <a class="dropdown-trigger" id="book-chapters-trigger" data-panel-id="chapters-dropdown" href="#">Chapters ▾</a> <div class='dropdown-panel' id='chapters-dropdown'> <div class='three-column'> <div class="column-left"> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>1. <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d0%bb%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d2%9b%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%88-%d2%b3%d0%b0%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b0">Иш бошланиши</a></h2> <ol> <li> 1.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d0%bb%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d2%9b%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%88-%d2%b3%d0%b0%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b0">Талқинларни бошқариш ҳақида</a> </li> <li> 1.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-Git-%d0%bd%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b3-%d2%9b%d0%b8%d1%81%d2%9b%d0%b0%d1%87%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%85%d0%b8">Git нинг қисқача тарихи</a> </li> <li> 1.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b8">Git асоси</a> </li> <li> 1.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-%d0%9a%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80-%d1%81%d0%b0%d1%82%d1%80%d0%b8">Командалар сатри</a> </li> <li> 1.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-Git-%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%9e%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%88">Git ни ўрнатиш</a> </li> <li> 1.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d1%87%d0%b8-%d1%81%d0%be%d0%b7%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80">Git да биринчи созлашлар</a> </li> <li> 1.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-%d2%9a%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%b9-%d1%91%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%bc-%d0%be%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%bc%d1%83%d0%bc%d0%ba%d0%b8%d0%bd%3F">Қандай ёрдам олиш мумкин?</a> </li> <li> 1.8 <a href="/book/uz/v2/%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%b8-%d0%a5%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80">Хулосалар</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>2. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-Git-%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%88">Git асослари</a></h2> <ol> <li> 2.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-Git-%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%8f%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%82%d0%b8%d1%88">Git омборини яратиш</a> </li> <li> 2.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%8e%d0%b7%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%80%d0%b3%d0%b0-%d1%91%d0%b7%d0%b8%d1%88">Ўзгаришларни омборга ёзиш</a> </li> <li> 2.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%a4%d0%b8%d0%ba%d1%81%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%85%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%ba%d1%9e%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%88">Фиксирлашлар тарихини кўриш</a> </li> <li> 2.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%8e%d0%b7%d0%b3%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%b5%d0%ba%d0%be%d1%80-%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b8%d1%88">Ўзгаришларни бекор қилиш</a> </li> <li> 2.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%a3%d0%b7%d0%be%d2%9b-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%84%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b8-%d0%be%d0%bc%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%80%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80-%d0%b1%d0%b8%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd-%d0%b8%d1%88%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88">Узоқ масофадаги омборлар билан ишлаш</a> </li> <li> 2.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d0%bc%d2%93%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88">Тамғалаш</a> </li> <li> 2.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d2%b3%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%bb%d1%83%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80">Git да таҳаллуслар</a> </li> <li> 2.8 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8-%d0%a5%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b0">Хулоса</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>3. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d2%b3%d0%b0%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%be%d2%93%d0%b8%d0%b7-%d1%81%d1%9e%d0%b7">Git да тармоқланиш</a></h2> <ol> <li> 3.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d2%b3%d0%b0%d2%9b%d0%b8%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d0%b8%d0%ba%d0%ba%d0%b8-%d0%be%d2%93%d0%b8%d0%b7-%d1%81%d1%9e%d0%b7">Тармоқланиш ҳақида икки оғиз сўз</a> </li> <li> 3.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%b2%d0%b0-%d0%b1%d0%b8%d1%80%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8">Тармоқланиш ва бирлашиш асослари</a> </li> <li> 3.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%a2%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d0%b1%d0%be%d1%88%d2%9b%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d1%88">Тармоқларни бошқариш</a> </li> <li> 3.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%98%d1%88-%d0%b6%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b0%d1%91%d0%bd%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%b8%d0%bd%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%88">Иш жараёнларини тармоқлаш</a> </li> <li> 3.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%a3%d0%b7%d0%be%d2%9b-%d0%bc%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%84%d0%b0%d0%b4%d0%b0%d0%b3%d0%b8-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80">Узоқ масофадаги тармоқлар</a> </li> <li> 3.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d2%9a%d0%b0%d0%b9%d1%82%d0%b0-%d0%b0%d1%81%d0%be%d1%81%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88">Қайта асосланиш</a> </li> <li> 3.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d1%82%d0%b0%d1%80%d0%bc%d0%be%d2%9b%d0%bb%d0%b0%d0%bd%d0%b8%d1%88-%d0%a5%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80">Хулосалар</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>4. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-The-Protocols">Git серверда</a></h2> <ol> <li> 4.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-The-Protocols">The Protocols</a> </li> <li> 4.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Getting-Git-on-a-Server">Getting Git on a Server</a> </li> <li> 4.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Sizning-SSH-ochiq-public-kalitingizni-generatsiyalash">Sizning SSH ochiq (public) kalitingizni generatsiyalash</a> </li> <li> 4.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Setting-Up-the-Server">Setting Up the Server</a> </li> <li> 4.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Git-Daemon">Git Daemon</a> </li> <li> 4.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Smart-HTTP">Smart HTTP</a> </li> <li> 4.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-GitWeb">GitWeb</a> </li> <li> 4.8 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-GitLab">GitLab</a> </li> <li> 4.9 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-Third-Party-Hosted-Options">Third Party Hosted Options</a> </li> <li> 4.10 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-%d1%81%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b2%d0%b5%d1%80%d0%b4%d0%b0-%d0%a5%d1%83%d0%bb%d0%be%d1%81%d0%b0%d0%bb%d0%b0%d1%80">Хулосалар</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>5. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Distributed-Git-Distributed-Workflows">Distributed Git</a></h2> <ol> <li> 5.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Distributed-Git-Distributed-Workflows">Distributed Workflows</a> </li> <li> 5.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Distributed-Git-Contributing-to-a-Project">Contributing to a Project</a> </li> <li> 5.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Distributed-Git-Maintaining-a-Project">Maintaining a Project</a> </li> <li> 5.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Distributed-Git-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class='column-middle'> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>6. <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Account-Setup-and-Configuration">GitHub</a></h2> <ol> <li> 6.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Account-Setup-and-Configuration">Account Setup and Configuration</a> </li> <li> 6.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Contributing-to-a-Project">Contributing to a Project</a> </li> <li> 6.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Maintaining-a-Project">Maintaining a Project</a> </li> <li> 6.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Managing-an-organization">Managing an organization</a> </li> <li> 6.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Scripting-GitHub">Scripting GitHub</a> </li> <li> 6.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/GitHub-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>7. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Revision-Selection">Git Tools</a></h2> <ol> <li> 7.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Revision-Selection">Revision Selection</a> </li> <li> 7.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Interactive-Staging">Interactive Staging</a> </li> <li> 7.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Stashing-and-Cleaning">Stashing and Cleaning</a> </li> <li> 7.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Signing-Your-Work">Signing Your Work</a> </li> <li> 7.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Searching">Searching</a> </li> <li> 7.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Rewriting-History">Rewriting History</a> </li> <li> 7.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Reset-Demystified">Reset Demystified</a> </li> <li> 7.8 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Advanced-Merging">Advanced Merging</a> </li> <li> 7.9 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Rerere">Rerere</a> </li> <li> 7.10 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Debugging-with-Git">Debugging with Git</a> </li> <li> 7.11 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Qism-modullar-Submodule">Qism modullar (Submodule)</a> </li> <li> 7.12 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Bundling">Bundling</a> </li> <li> 7.13 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Replace">Replace</a> </li> <li> 7.14 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Credential-Storage">Credential Storage</a> </li> <li> 7.15 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Tools-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>8. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration">Customizing Git</a></h2> <ol> <li> 8.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Configuration">Git Configuration</a> </li> <li> 8.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Attributes">Git Attributes</a> </li> <li> 8.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Customizing-Git-Git-Hooks">Git Hooks</a> </li> <li> 8.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Customizing-Git-An-Example-Git-Enforced-Policy">An Example Git-Enforced Policy</a> </li> <li> 8.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Customizing-Git-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>9. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Git-as-a-Client">Git and Other Systems</a></h2> <ol> <li> 9.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Git-as-a-Client">Git as a Client</a> </li> <li> 9.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Migrating-to-Git">Migrating to Git</a> </li> <li> 9.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-and-Other-Systems-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>10. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Porcelain">Git Internals</a></h2> <ol> <li> 10.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Plumbing-and-Porcelain">Plumbing and Porcelain</a> </li> <li> 10.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Git-Objects">Git Objects</a> </li> <li> 10.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Git-References">Git References</a> </li> <li> 10.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Packfiles">Packfiles</a> </li> <li> 10.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-The-Refspec" class="active">The Refspec</a> </li> <li> 10.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">Transfer Protocols</a> </li> <li> 10.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Maintenance-and-Data-Recovery">Maintenance and Data Recovery</a> </li> <li> 10.8 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Environment-Variables">Environment Variables</a> </li> <li> 10.9 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> <div class='column-right'> <ol class='book-toc'> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A1. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces">Appendix A: Git in Other Environments</a></h2> <ol> <li> A1.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Graphical-Interfaces">Graphical Interfaces</a> </li> <li> A1.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Visual-Studio">Git in Visual Studio</a> </li> <li> A1.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Eclipse">Git in Eclipse</a> </li> <li> A1.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Bash">Git in Bash</a> </li> <li> A1.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Zsh">Git in Zsh</a> </li> <li> A1.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Git-in-Powershell">Git in Powershell</a> </li> <li> A1.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-A:-Git-in-Other-Environments-Summary">Summary</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A2. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git">Appendix B: Embedding Git in your Applications</a></h2> <ol> <li> A2.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Command-line-Git">Command-line Git</a> </li> <li> A2.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-Libgit2">Libgit2</a> </li> <li> A2.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-B:-Embedding-Git-in-your-Applications-JGit">JGit</a> </li> </ol> </li> <li class='chapter'> <h2>A3. <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Setup-and-Config">Appendix C: Git Commands</a></h2> <ol> <li> A3.1 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Setup-and-Config">Setup and Config</a> </li> <li> A3.2 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Getting-and-Creating-Projects">Getting and Creating Projects</a> </li> <li> A3.3 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Basic-Snapshotting">Basic Snapshotting</a> </li> <li> A3.4 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Branching-and-Merging">Branching and Merging</a> </li> <li> A3.5 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Sharing-and-Updating-Projects">Sharing and Updating Projects</a> </li> <li> A3.6 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Inspection-and-Comparison">Inspection and Comparison</a> </li> <li> A3.7 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Debugging">Debugging</a> </li> <li> A3.8 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Patching">Patching</a> </li> <li> A3.9 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Email">Email</a> </li> <li> A3.10 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-External-Systems">External Systems</a> </li> <li> A3.11 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Administration">Administration</a> </li> <li> A3.12 <a href="/book/uz/v2/Appendix-C:-Git-Commands-Plumbing-Commands">Plumbing Commands</a> </li> </ol> </li> </ol> </div> </div> </div> <span class="light" id="edition"> 2nd Edition </span> </div> <div id="main" data-pagefind-filter="category:book" data-pagefind-meta="category:Book" data-pagefind-weight="0.05" data-pagefind-body class="book edition2"> <h1>10.5 Git Internals - The Refspec</h1> <div> <h2 id="_refspec">The Refspec</h2> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Throughout this book, we’ve used simple mappings from remote branches to local references, but they can be more complex. Suppose you add a remote like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git remote add origin https://github.com/schacon/simplegit-progit</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>It adds a section to your <code>.git/config</code> file, specifying the name of the remote (<code>origin</code>), the URL of the remote repository, and the refspec for fetching:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[remote "origin"] url = https://github.com/schacon/simplegit-progit fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>The format of the refspec is an optional <code>{plus}</code>, followed by <code><src>:<dst></code>, where <code><src></code> is the pattern for references on the remote side and <code><dst></code> is where those references will be written locally. The <code>{plus}</code> tells Git to update the reference even if it isn’t a fast-forward.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In the default case that is automatically written by a <code>git remote add</code> command, Git fetches all the references under <code>refs/heads/</code> on the server and writes them to <code>refs/remotes/origin/</code> locally. So, if there is a <code>master</code> branch on the server, you can access the log of that branch locally via</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git log origin/master $ git log remotes/origin/master $ git log refs/remotes/origin/master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>They’re all equivalent, because Git expands each of them to <code>refs/remotes/origin/master</code>.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If you want Git instead to pull down only the <code>master</code> branch each time, and not every other branch on the remote server, you can change the fetch line to</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>fetch = +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>This is just the default refspec for <code>git fetch</code> for that remote. If you want to do something one time, you can specify the refspec on the command line, too. To pull the <code>master</code> branch on the remote down to <code>origin/mymaster</code> locally, you can run</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git fetch origin master:refs/remotes/origin/mymaster</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can also specify multiple refspecs. On the command line, you can pull down several branches like so:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git fetch origin master:refs/remotes/origin/mymaster \ topic:refs/remotes/origin/topic From git@github.com:schacon/simplegit ! [rejected] master -> origin/mymaster (non fast forward) * [new branch] topic -> origin/topic</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>In this case, the master branch pull was rejected because it wasn’t a fast-forward reference. You can override that by specifying the <code>{plus}</code> in front of the refspec.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can also specify multiple refspecs for fetching in your configuration file. If you want to always fetch the master and experiment branches, add two lines:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[remote "origin"] url = https://github.com/schacon/simplegit-progit fetch = +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master fetch = +refs/heads/experiment:refs/remotes/origin/experiment</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can’t use partial globs in the pattern, so this would be invalid:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code>fetch = +refs/heads/qa*:refs/remotes/origin/qa*</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>However, you can use namespaces (or directories) to accomplish something like that. If you have a QA team that pushes a series of branches, and you want to get the master branch and any of the QA team’s branches but nothing else, you can use a config section like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[remote "origin"] url = https://github.com/schacon/simplegit-progit fetch = +refs/heads/master:refs/remotes/origin/master fetch = +refs/heads/qa/*:refs/remotes/origin/qa/*</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If you have a complex workflow process that has a QA team pushing branches, developers pushing branches, and integration teams pushing and collaborating on remote branches, you can namespace them easily this way.</p> </div> <div class="sect3"> <h3 id="_pushing_refspecs">Pushing Refspecs</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>It’s nice that you can fetch namespaced references that way, but how does the QA team get their branches into a <code>qa/</code> namespace in the first place? You accomplish that by using refspecs to push.</p> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If the QA team wants to push their <code>master</code> branch to <code>qa/master</code> on the remote server, they can run</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git push origin master:refs/heads/qa/master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>If they want Git to do that automatically each time they run <code>git push origin</code>, they can add a <code>push</code> value to their config file:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-ini" data-lang="ini">[remote "origin"] url = https://github.com/schacon/simplegit-progit fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/* push = refs/heads/master:refs/heads/qa/master</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Again, this will cause a <code>git push origin</code> to push the local <code>master</code> branch to the remote <code>qa/master</code> branch by default.</p> </div> </div> <div class="sect3"> <h3 id="_deleting_references">Deleting References</h3> <div class="paragraph"> <p>You can also use the refspec to delete references from the remote server by running something like this:</p> </div> <div class="listingblock"> <div class="content"> <pre class="highlight"><code class="language-console" data-lang="console">$ git push origin :topic</code></pre> </div> </div> <div class="paragraph"> <p>Because the refspec is <code><src>:<dst></code>, by leaving off the <code><src></code> part, this basically says to make the topic branch on the remote nothing, which deletes it.</p> </div> </div> <div id="nav"><a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Packfiles">prev</a> | <a href="/book/uz/v2/Git-Internals-Transfer-Protocols">next</a></div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <footer> <div class="site-source"> <a href="/site">About this site</a><br> Patches, suggestions, and comments are welcome. </div> <div class="sfc-member"> Git is a member of <a href="/sfc">Software Freedom Conservancy</a> </div> </footer> <a href="#top" class="no-js scrollToTop" id="scrollToTop" data-label="Scroll to top"> <img src="/images/icons/chevron-up@2x.png" width="20" height="20" alt="scroll-to-top"/> </a> <script src="/js/jquery-1.7.1.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery-ui-1.8.18.custom.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/jquery.defaultvalue.js"></script> <script src="/js/session.min.js"></script> <script src="/js/application.min.js"></script> </div> </body> </html>

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Git - The Refspec