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Disponibil în 77 limbi" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-77" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">77 limbi</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_nul" title="Absolute nul – afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Absolute nul" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82" title="صفر مطلق – arabă" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="صفر مطلق" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cero_absolutu" title="Cero absolutu – asturiană" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Cero absolutu" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temperaturun_m%C3%BCtl%C9%99q_s%C4%B1f%C4%B1r%C4%B1" title="Temperaturun mütləq sıfırı – azeră" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Temperaturun mütləq sıfırı" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azeră" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Абсалютны нуль тэмпературы – belarusă" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Абсалютны нуль тэмпературы" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="belarusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%8D%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Абсалютны нуль тэмпэратуры – Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Абсалютны нуль тэмпэратуры" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Абсолютна нула – bulgară" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Абсолютна нула" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bn mw-list-item"><a href="https://bn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A6%AA%E0%A6%B0%E0%A6%AE_%E0%A6%B6%E0%A7%82%E0%A6%A8%E0%A7%8D%E0%A6%AF" title="পরম শূন্য – bengaleză" lang="bn" hreflang="bn" data-title="পরম শূন্য" data-language-autonym="বাংলা" data-language-local-name="bengaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>বাংলা</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bo mw-list-item"><a href="https://bo.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%BD%9A%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%82%E0%BD%A6%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%90%E0%BD%B4%E0%BD%96%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BE%B3%E0%BD%91%E0%BC%8B%E0%BD%80%E0%BD%BC%E0%BD%A2%E0%BC%8D" title="ཚུགས་ཐུབ་ཀླད་ཀོར། – tibetană" lang="bo" hreflang="bo" data-title="ཚུགས་ཐུབ་ཀླད་ཀོར།" data-language-autonym="བོད་ཡིག" data-language-local-name="tibetană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>བོད་ཡིག</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-br mw-list-item"><a href="https://br.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_klok" title="Zero klok – bretonă" lang="br" hreflang="br" data-title="Zero klok" data-language-autonym="Brezhoneg" data-language-local-name="bretonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Brezhoneg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsolutna_nula" title="Apsolutna nula – bosniacă" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Apsolutna nula" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_absolut" title="Zero absolut – catalană" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Zero absolut" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutn%C3%AD_nula" title="Absolutní nula – cehă" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Absolutní nula" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="cehă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolut_nulpunkt" title="Absolut nulpunkt – daneză" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Absolut nulpunkt" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="daneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluter_Nullpunkt" title="Absoluter Nullpunkt – germană" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Absoluter Nullpunkt" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="germană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%91%CF%80%CF%8C%CE%BB%CF%85%CF%84%CE%BF_%CE%BC%CE%B7%CE%B4%CE%AD%CE%BD" title="Απόλυτο μηδέν – greacă" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Απόλυτο μηδέν" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero" title="Absolute zero – engleză" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Absolute zero" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="engleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluta_nulo_de_temperaturo" title="Absoluta nulo de temperaturo – esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Absoluta nulo de temperaturo" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cero_absoluto" title="Cero absoluto – spaniolă" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Cero absoluto" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spaniolă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluutne_nulltemperatuur" title="Absoluutne nulltemperatuur – estonă" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Absoluutne nulltemperatuur" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_absolutu" title="Zero absolutu – bască" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Zero absolutu" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="bască" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82" title="صفر مطلق – persană" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="صفر مطلق" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluuttinen_nollapiste" title="Absoluuttinen nollapiste – finlandeză" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Absoluuttinen nollapiste" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A9ro_absolu" title="Zéro absolu – franceză" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Zéro absolu" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="franceză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ga mw-list-item"><a href="https://ga.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dearbhnialas" title="Dearbhnialas – irlandeză" lang="ga" hreflang="ga" data-title="Dearbhnialas" data-language-autonym="Gaeilge" data-language-local-name="irlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaeilge</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cero_absoluto" title="Cero absoluto – galiciană" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Cero absoluto" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiciană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%94%D7%90%D7%A4%D7%A1_%D7%94%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%97%D7%9C%D7%98" title="האפס המוחלט – ebraică" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="האפס המוחלט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraică" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%B0%E0%A4%AE_%E0%A4%B6%E0%A5%82%E0%A4%A8%E0%A5%8D%E0%A4%AF" title="परम शून्य – hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="परम शून्य" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsolutna_ni%C5%A1tica" title="Apsolutna ništica – croată" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Apsolutna ništica" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abszol%C3%BAt_nulla_fok" title="Abszolút nulla fok – maghiară" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Abszolút nulla fok" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="maghiară" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hy mw-list-item"><a href="https://hy.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D4%B2%D5%A1%D6%81%D5%A1%D6%80%D5%B1%D5%A1%D5%AF_%D5%A6%D6%80%D5%B8" title="Բացարձակ զրո – armeană" lang="hy" hreflang="hy" data-title="Բացարձակ զրո" data-language-autonym="Հայերեն" data-language-local-name="armeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Հայերեն</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nol_mutlak" title="Nol mutlak – indoneziană" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nol mutlak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indoneziană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkul" title="Alkul – islandeză" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Alkul" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_assoluto" title="Zero assoluto – italiană" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Zero assoluto" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="italiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%B6%E5%AF%BE%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="絶対零度 – japoneză" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="絶対零度" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="japoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%90%E1%83%91%E1%83%A1%E1%83%9D%E1%83%9A%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A2%E1%83%A3%E1%83%A0%E1%83%98_%E1%83%9C%E1%83%A3%E1%83%9A%E1%83%98" title="აბსოლუტური ნული – georgiană" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="აბსოლუტური ნული" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="georgiană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D1%82%D1%96%D0%BA_%D0%BD%D3%A9%D0%BB%D0%B4%D1%96%D0%BA_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0" title="Абсолюттік нөлдік температура – kazahă" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Абсолюттік нөлдік температура" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazahă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%A8%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%B0%E0%B2%AA%E0%B3%87%E0%B2%95%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%B7_%E0%B2%B6%E0%B3%82%E0%B2%A8%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AF" title="ನಿರಪೇಕ್ಷ ಶೂನ್ಯ – kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ನಿರಪೇಕ್ಷ ಶೂನ್ಯ" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EC%A0%88%EB%8C%80_%EC%98%81%EB%8F%84" title="절대 영도 – coreeană" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="절대 영도" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreeană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerum_absolutum" title="Zerum absolutum – latină" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Zerum absolutum" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latină" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoliutusis_nulis" title="Absoliutusis nulis – lituaniană" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Absoliutusis nulis" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituaniană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absol%C5%ABt%C4%81_nulle" title="Absolūtā nulle – letonă" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Absolūtā nulle" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="letonă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Апсолутна нула – macedoneană" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Апсолутна нула" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedoneană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%95%E0%B5%87%E0%B4%B5%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%82%E0%B4%9C%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82" title="കേവലപൂജ്യം – malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="കേവലപൂജ്യം" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifar_mutlak" title="Sifar mutlak – malaeză" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Sifar mutlak" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malaeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%95%E1%80%80%E1%80%90%E1%80%AD_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%AF%E1%80%8A%E1%80%A1%E1%80%99%E1%80%BE%E1%80%90%E1%80%BA" title="ပကတိ သုညအမှတ် – birmană" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ပကတိ သုညအမှတ်" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluut_nulpunt_(temperatuur)" title="Absoluut nulpunt (temperatuur) – neerlandeză" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Absoluut nulpunt (temperatuur)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="neerlandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_absolutte_nullpunktet" title="Det absolutte nullpunktet – norvegiană nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Det absolutte nullpunktet" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegiană nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Det_absolutte_nullpunkt" title="Det absolutte nullpunkt – norvegiană bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Det absolutte nullpunkt" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegiană bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z%C3%A8ro_absolut" title="Zèro absolut – occitană" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Zèro absolut" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_bezwzgl%C4%99dne" title="Zero bezwzględne – poloneză" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Zero bezwzględne" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="poloneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%A8%D8%B4%D9%BE%DA%93_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="بشپړ صفر – paștună" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="بشپړ صفر" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="paștună" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_absoluto" title="Zero absoluto – portugheză" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Zero absoluto" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portugheză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%83%D1%80%D1%8B" title="Абсолютный нуль температуры – rusă" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Абсолютный нуль температуры" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="rusă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sd mw-list-item"><a href="https://sd.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%AA%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%84_%D8%AD%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%AA" title="ڪامل حرارت – sindhi" lang="sd" hreflang="sd" data-title="ڪامل حرارت" data-language-autonym="سنڌي" data-language-local-name="sindhi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سنڌي</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apsolutna_nula" title="Apsolutna nula – sârbo-croată" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Apsolutna nula" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="sârbo-croată" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%92%E0%B6%BB%E0%B6%B4%E0%B7%9A%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B7%82_%E0%B7%81%E0%B7%94%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%8A%E2%80%8D%E0%B6%BA" title="නිරපේක්ෂ ශුන්‍ය – singhaleză" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="නිරපේක්ෂ ශුන්‍ය" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="singhaleză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolute_zero" title="Absolute zero – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Absolute zero" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absol%C3%BAtna_nula" title="Absolútna nula – slovacă" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Absolútna nula" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-skr mw-list-item"><a href="https://skr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="مطلق صفر – Saraiki" lang="skr" hreflang="skr" data-title="مطلق صفر" data-language-autonym="سرائیکی" data-language-local-name="Saraiki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>سرائیکی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absolutna_ni%C4%8Dla" title="Absolutna ničla – slovenă" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Absolutna ničla" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="slovenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sq mw-list-item"><a href="https://sq.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero_absolute" title="Zero absolute – albaneză" lang="sq" hreflang="sq" data-title="Zero absolute" data-language-autonym="Shqip" data-language-local-name="albaneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Shqip</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%BF%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%83%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D0%B0" title="Апсолутна нула – sârbă" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Апсолутна нула" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="sârbă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv badge-Q17559452 badge-recommendedarticle mw-list-item" title="articol recomandat"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absoluta_nollpunkten" title="Absoluta nollpunkten – suedeză" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Absoluta nollpunkten" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="suedeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sw mw-list-item"><a href="https://sw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sifuri_halisi" title="Sifuri halisi – swahili" lang="sw" hreflang="sw" data-title="Sifuri halisi" data-language-autonym="Kiswahili" data-language-local-name="swahili" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Kiswahili</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9A%E0%AF%81%E0%AE%B4%E0%AE%BF_%E0%AE%B5%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%AA%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%88" title="தனிச்சுழி வெப்பநிலை – tamilă" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="தனிச்சுழி வெப்பநிலை" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamilă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%A8%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%A2%E0%B9%8C%E0%B8%AA%E0%B8%B1%E0%B8%A1%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%B9%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%93%E0%B9%8C" title="ศูนย์สัมบูรณ์ – thailandeză" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ศูนย์สัมบูรณ์" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandeză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tk mw-list-item"><a href="https://tk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absol%C3%BDut_nol" title="Absolýut nol – turkmenă" lang="tk" hreflang="tk" data-title="Absolýut nol" data-language-autonym="Türkmençe" data-language-local-name="turkmenă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkmençe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutlak_s%C4%B1f%C4%B1r" title="Mutlak sıfır – turcă" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Mutlak sıfır" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turcă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%90%D0%B1%D1%81%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8E%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D0%BD%D1%83%D0%BB%D1%8C" title="Абсолютний нуль – ucraineană" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Абсолютний нуль" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraineană" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D8%B7%D9%84%D9%82_%D8%B5%D9%81%D8%B1" title="مطلق صفر – urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="مطلق صفر" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uz mw-list-item"><a href="https://uz.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutlaq_nol" title="Mutlaq nol – uzbecă" lang="uz" hreflang="uz" data-title="Mutlaq nol" data-language-autonym="Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча" data-language-local-name="uzbecă" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Oʻzbekcha / ўзбекча</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nhi%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%99_kh%C3%B4ng_tuy%E1%BB%87t_%C4%91%E1%BB%91i" title="Nhiệt độ không tuyệt đối – vietnameză" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nhiệt độ không tuyệt đối" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnameză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sero_absoluto" title="Sero absoluto – waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Sero absoluto" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="绝对零度 – chineză wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="绝对零度" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="chineză wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%BB%9D%E5%AF%B9%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="绝对零度 – chineză" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="绝对零度" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="chineză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%B5%95%E5%B0%8D%E9%9B%B6%E5%BA%A6" title="絕對零度 – cantoneză" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="絕對零度" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantoneză" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q81182#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifică legăturile interlinguale" class="wbc-editpage">Modifică legăturile</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div 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id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="ro" dir="ltr"><figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:CelsiusKelvin.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CelsiusKelvin.svg/220px-CelsiusKelvin.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="420" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CelsiusKelvin.svg/330px-CelsiusKelvin.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/60/CelsiusKelvin.svg/440px-CelsiusKelvin.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="430" data-file-height="820" /></a><figcaption>Zero Kelvin (−273,15 °C) este definit ca zero absolut.</figcaption></figure> <p><b>Zero absolut</b> reprezintă limita inferioară a scării termodinamice a temperaturii, o stare în care entalpia și entropia unui gaz ideal răcit ating valoarea minimă, considerată a fi egală cu zero <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">kelvin</a> (0 K).<sup id="cite_ref-arora_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arora-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> În acest punct, nu se mai poate extrage <a href="/wiki/C%C4%83ldur%C4%83" title="Căldură">căldură</a> din sistem. Începând din 1967 la scara <a href="/wiki/Kelvin" title="Kelvin">Kelvin</a> nu se mai pune semnul de grad (°). <i>Zero absolut</i> este starea termodinamică corespunzătoare încetării oricărei forme de <a href="/wiki/Mi%C8%99care" class="mw-disambig" title="Mișcare">mișcare</a> a particulelor ce formează un <a href="/wiki/Sistem_termodinamic" title="Sistem termodinamic">sistem termodinamic</a>. Starea de zero absolut este imposibil de realizat (v. Teorema lui Nernst - <a href="/wiki/Principiul_al_treilea_al_termodinamicii" title="Principiul al treilea al termodinamicii">Principiul al treilea al termodinamicii</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Temperatura de 0 K corespunde la scara <a href="/wiki/Celsius" title="Celsius">Celsius</a> temperaturii de −273,15 °C, iar la scara <a href="/wiki/Fahrenheit" title="Fahrenheit">Fahrenheit</a> la −459,67 °F.<sup id="cite_ref-arora_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-arora-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Performanțe"><span id="Performan.C8.9Be"></span>Performanțe</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifică secțiunea: Performanțe" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Performanțe"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>În anul 1994, cercetătorii de la <a href="/wiki/NIST" class="mw-redirect" title="NIST">NIST</a> (<i>National Institute of Standards and Technology</i>) au atins temperatura de 700 nK, iar în anul 2003, la <a href="/wiki/MIT" class="mw-disambig" title="MIT">MIT</a> (<i>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</i>) recordul a atins temperatura de 450 pK.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Aproape de zero absolut apar efectele cuantice de <a href="/wiki/Superfluid" title="Superfluid">superfluiditate</a> și condensarea <a href="/wiki/Satyendra_Nath_Bose" title="Satyendra Nath Bose">Bose</a>-<a href="/wiki/Albert_Einstein" title="Albert Einstein">Einstein</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifică secțiunea: Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-arora-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-arora_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-arora_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation book">Arora, C. P. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=w8GhW3J8RHIC&pg=PA43"><i>Thermodynamics</i></a>. Tata McGraw-Hill. Table 2.4 page 43. <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Book_Number" title="International Standard Book Number">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/978-0-07-462014-4" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/978-0-07-462014-4">978-0-07-462014-4</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Thermodynamics&rft.pages=Table+2.4+page+43&rft.pub=Tata+McGraw-Hill&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-07-462014-4&rft.aulast=Arora&rft.aufirst=C.+P.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3Dw8GhW3J8RHIC%26pg%3DPA43&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AZero+absolut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r16236537">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"„""”""«""»"}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-gray-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .citation .cs1-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg/9px-Lock-red-alt-2.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration{color:#555}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription span,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration span{border-bottom:1px dotted;cursor:help}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/12px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png")no-repeat;background-position:right .1em center}.mw-parser-output code.cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:inherit;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#33aa33;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-subscription,.mw-parser-output .cs1-registration,.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right,.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-wl-right{padding-right:0.2em}</style></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><b><a href="#cite_ref-2">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web">Zielinski, Sarah (<time datetime="2008-01-01">1 ianuarie 2008</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20130401180715/http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/absolute-zero-200801.html">„Absolute Zero”</a>. Smithsonian Institution. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/absolute-zero-200801.html">original</a> la <time datetime="2013-04-01">1 aprilie 2013</time><span class="reference-accessdate">. Accesat în <time datetime="2012-01-26">26 ianuarie 2012</time></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Absolute+Zero&rft.pub=Smithsonian+Institution&rft.date=2008-01-01&rft.aulast=Zielinski&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.smithsonianmag.com%2Fscience-nature%2Fabsolute-zero-200801.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AZero+absolut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text">Dan Ștefănescu, Dragoș Sfințeanu, Mircea Marinescu, Ioan Ganea, Stoian Petrescu (coordonatori), <i>Lexicon de termodinamică și mașini termice</i>: Vol. IV S–Z, București: Editura tehnică, 1991, <a href="/wiki/Special:Referin%C8%9Be_%C3%AEn_c%C4%83r%C8%9Bi/973-31-0223-7" title="Special:Referințe în cărți/973-31-0223-7">ISBN: 973-31-0223-7</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Leanhardt, A. E.; Pasquini, TA; Saba, M; Schirotzek, A; Shin, Y; Kielpinski, D; Pritchard, DE; Ketterle, W (<time datetime="2003">2003</time>). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20221009/http://www.dsf.unica.it/~michele/michele/picokelvin.pdf">„Cooling Bose–Einstein Condensates Below 500 Picokelvin”</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span>. <i>Science</i>. <b>301</b> (5639): 1513–1515. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2003Sci...301.1513L">2003Sci...301.1513L</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.1088827">10.1126/science.1088827</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970559">12970559</a>. Arhivat din <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dsf.unica.it/~michele/michele/picokelvin.pdf">original</a> <span style="font-size:85%;">(PDF)</span> la <time datetime="2022-10-09">9 octombrie 2022</time>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Science&rft.atitle=Cooling+Bose%E2%80%93Einstein+Condensates+Below+500+Picokelvin&rft.volume=301&rft.issue=5639&rft.pages=1513-1515&rft.date=2003&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F12970559&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1126%2Fscience.1088827&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2003Sci...301.1513L&rft.aulast=Leanhardt&rft.aufirst=A.+E.&rft.au=Pasquini%2C+TA&rft.au=Saba%2C+M&rft.au=Schirotzek%2C+A&rft.au=Shin%2C+Y&rft.au=Kielpinski%2C+D&rft.au=Pritchard%2C+DE&rft.au=Ketterle%2C+W&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dsf.unica.it%2F~michele%2Fmichele%2Fpicokelvin.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AZero+absolut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-5"><b><a href="#cite_ref-5">^</a></b> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation journal">Donley, Elizabeth A.; Claussen, Neil R.; Cornish, Simon L.; Roberts, Jacob L.; Cornell, Eric A.; Wieman, Carl E. (<time datetime="2001">2001</time>). „Dynamics of collapsing and exploding Bose–Einstein condensates”. <i>Nature</i>. <b>412</b> (6844): 295–299. <a href="/wiki/ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arXiv</a>:<span class="plainlinks"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//arxiv.org/abs/cond-mat/0105019">cond-mat/0105019</a> <span typeof="mw:File"><span title="Accesibil gratuit"><img alt="Accesibil gratuit" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/9px-Lock-green.svg.png" decoding="async" width="9" height="14" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/14px-Lock-green.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/65/Lock-green.svg/18px-Lock-green.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="813" /></span></span></span>. <a href="/wiki/Bibcode" title="Bibcode">Bibcode</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://adsabs.harvard.edu/abs/2001Natur.412..295D">2001Natur.412..295D</a>. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1038%2F35085500">10.1038/35085500</a>. <a href="/wiki/PubMed_Identifier" title="PubMed Identifier">PMID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11460153">11460153</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Nature&rft.atitle=Dynamics+of+collapsing+and+exploding+Bose%E2%80%93Einstein+condensates&rft.volume=412&rft.issue=6844&rft.pages=295-299&rft.date=2001&rft_id=info%3Aarxiv%2Fcond-mat%2F0105019&rft_id=info%3Apmid%2F11460153&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1038%2F35085500&rft_id=info%3Abibcode%2F2001Natur.412..295D&rft.aulast=Donley&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth+A.&rft.au=Claussen%2C+Neil+R.&rft.au=Cornish%2C+Simon+L.&rft.au=Roberts%2C+Jacob+L.&rft.au=Cornell%2C+Eric+A.&rft.au=Wieman%2C+Carl+E.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fro.wikipedia.org%3AZero+absolut" class="Z3988"><span style="display:none;"> </span></span><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r16236537"></span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Vezi_și"><span id="Vezi_.C8.99i"></span>Vezi și</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifică secțiunea: Vezi și" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modificare</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Vezi și"><span>modificare sursă</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83" title="Temperatură">Temperatură</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Temperatur%C4%83_absolut_negativ%C4%83" title="Temperatură absolut negativă">Temperatură absolut negativă</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Frig" title="Frig">Frig</a></li></ul> <div class="boilerplate metadata" id="stub"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"> <tbody><tr> <td><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/Fi%C8%99ier:Science.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Science.jpg/30px-Science.jpg" decoding="async" width="30" height="32" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Science.jpg/45px-Science.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/54/Science.jpg/60px-Science.jpg 2x" data-file-width="70" data-file-height="75" /></a></span>   </td> <td><i>Acest articol din domeniul <a href="/wiki/Fizic%C4%83" title="Fizică">fizicii</a> este un <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Ciot" title="Wikipedia:Ciot">ciot</a>. Puteți <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:G%C4%83se%C8%99te_%C8%99i_repar%C4%83_un_ciot" title="Wikipedia:Găsește și repară un ciot">ajuta</a> Wikipedia prin dezvoltarea lui.</i> </td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-label="Navbox" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate">Control de autoritate</a></th><td class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="text-align:left;border-left-width:2px;border-left-style:solid;width:100%;padding:0px"><div style="padding:0em 0.25em"> <ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="/wiki/Integrated_Authority_File" class="mw-redirect" title="Integrated Authority File">GND</a>: <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/4141119-5">4141119-5</a></span></span></li></ul> </div></td><td class="navbox-image" rowspan="1" style="width:1px;padding:0px 0px 0px 2px"><div><span class="skin-invert" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/Ajutor:Control_de_autoritate" title="Ajutor:Control de autoritate"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png" decoding="async" width="20" height="20" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/30px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg/40px-OOjs_UI_icon_helpNotice-ltr.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Adus de la <a dir="ltr" href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&oldid=16489502">https://ro.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zero_absolut&oldid=16489502</a></div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Special:Categorii" title="Special:Categorii">Categorii</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Termodinamic%C4%83" title="Categorie:Termodinamică">Termodinamică</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Neant" title="Categorie:Neant">Neant</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Criogenie" title="Categorie:Criogenie">Criogenie</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorii ascunse: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Cioturi_Fizic%C4%83" title="Categorie:Cioturi Fizică">Cioturi Fizică</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_identificatori_GND" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND">Articole Wikipedia cu identificatori GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categorie:Articole_Wikipedia_cu_control_de_autoritate" title="Categorie:Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate">Articole Wikipedia cu control de autoritate</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Ultima editare a paginii a fost efectuată la 18 septembrie 2024, ora 14:03.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Acest text este disponibil sub licența <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.ro">Creative Commons cu atribuire și distribuire în condiții identice</a>; pot exista și clauze suplimentare. 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