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class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Biografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Biografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Biografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Biografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Opere_principali" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a 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class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Heinrich Kramer</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 20 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-20" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">20 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AA%D8%B4_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="هينريتش كرامر - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="هينريتش كرامر" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%87%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%83%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%B1" title="هينريخ كرامر - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="هينريخ كرامر" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A7%CE%AC%CE%B9%CE%BD%CF%81%CE%B9%CF%87_%CE%9A%CF%81%CE%AC%CE%BC%CE%B5%CF%81" title="Χάινριχ Κράμερ - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Χάινριχ Κράμερ" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enrique_Kramer" title="Enrique Kramer - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Enrique Kramer" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henri_Institoris" title="Henri Institoris - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Henri Institoris" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8F%E3%82%A4%E3%83%B3%E3%83%AA%E3%83%92%E3%83%BB%E3%82%AF%E3%83%A9%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC" title="ハインリヒ・クラーマー - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ハインリヒ・クラーマー" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henricus_Institor" title="Henricus Institor - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Henricus Institor" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kraemer" title="Heinrich Kraemer - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Heinrich Kraemer" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80,_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%85" title="Крамер, Генрих - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Крамер, Генрих" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Heinrich Kramer - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Heinrich Kramer" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%B5%B7%E5%9B%A0%E9%87%8C%E5%B8%8C%C2%B7%E5%85%8B%E9%9B%B7%E9%BB%98" title="海因里希·克雷默 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="海因里希·克雷默" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q61019#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Discussione:Heinrich_Kramer" rel="discussion" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> <div id="right-navigation" class="vector-collapsible"> <nav aria-label="Visite"> <div id="p-views" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-views" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-view" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-ve-edit" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-edit" class="collapsible vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-history" class="vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=history" title="Versioni precedenti di questa pagina [h]" accesskey="h"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> <nav class="vector-page-tools-landmark" aria-label="Strumenti pagine"> <div id="vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-tools-dropdown" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-tools-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Strumenti" > <label id="vector-page-tools-dropdown-label" for="vector-page-tools-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Strumenti</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> <div id="vector-page-tools" class="vector-page-tools vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-page-tools-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-unpinned" data-feature-name="page-tools-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-page-tools" data-pinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-pinned-container" data-unpinned-container-id="vector-page-tools-unpinned-container" > <div class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Strumenti</div> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-page-tools.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <div id="p-cactions" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-cactions emptyPortlet vector-has-collapsible-items" title="Altre opzioni" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Azioni </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-more-view" class="selected vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Heinrich_Kramer"><span>Leggi</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-ve-edit" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit" title="Modifica questa pagina [v]" accesskey="v"><span>Modifica</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-edit" class="collapsible vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit" title="Modifica il wikitesto di questa pagina [e]" accesskey="e"><span>Modifica wikitesto</span></a></li><li id="ca-more-history" class="vector-more-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=history"><span>Cronologia</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-tb" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-tb" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Generale </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="t-whatlinkshere" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PuntanoQui/Heinrich_Kramer" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine che sono collegate a questa [j]" accesskey="j"><span>Puntano qui</span></a></li><li id="t-recentchangeslinked" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:ModificheCorrelate/Heinrich_Kramer" rel="nofollow" title="Elenco delle ultime modifiche alle pagine collegate a questa [k]" accesskey="k"><span>Modifiche correlate</span></a></li><li id="t-specialpages" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:PagineSpeciali" title="Elenco di tutte le pagine speciali [q]" accesskey="q"><span>Pagine speciali</span></a></li><li id="t-permalink" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&oldid=138906120" title="Collegamento permanente a questa versione di questa pagina"><span>Link permanente</span></a></li><li id="t-info" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=info" title="Ulteriori informazioni su questa pagina"><span>Informazioni pagina</span></a></li><li id="t-cite" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Cita&page=Heinrich_Kramer&id=138906120&wpFormIdentifier=titleform" title="Informazioni su come citare questa pagina"><span>Cita questa voce</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:UrlShortener&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinrich_Kramer"><span>Ottieni URL breve</span></a></li><li id="t-urlshortener-qrcode" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:QrCode&url=https%3A%2F%2Fit.wikipedia.org%2Fwiki%2FHeinrich_Kramer"><span>Scarica codice QR</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-coll-print_export" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-coll-print_export" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Stampa/esporta </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="coll-create_a_book" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Libro&bookcmd=book_creator&referer=Heinrich+Kramer"><span>Crea un libro</span></a></li><li id="coll-download-as-rl" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:DownloadAsPdf&page=Heinrich_Kramer&action=show-download-screen"><span>Scarica come PDF</span></a></li><li id="t-print" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&printable=yes" title="Versione stampabile di questa pagina [p]" accesskey="p"><span>Versione stampabile</span></a></li> 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</nav> </div> </div> <div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container> <div class="vector-body-before-content"> <div class="mw-indicators"> </div> <div id="siteSub" class="noprint">Da Wikipedia, l'enciclopedia libera.</div> </div> <div id="contentSub"><div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div></div> <div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="it" dir="ltr"><p><b>Heinrich Kramer</b>, noto col nome latino di <i><b>Henricus Institor</b></i>, italianizzato come <b>Enrico Institore</b> (<a href="/wiki/S%C3%A9lestat" title="Sélestat">Schlettstadt</a>, <a href="/wiki/1430" title="1430">1430</a> – <a href="/wiki/Krom%C4%9B%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Kroměříž">Kroměříž</a>, <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a>), è stato un <a href="/wiki/Religioso_(cristianesimo)" title="Religioso (cristianesimo)">religioso</a> <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">tedesco</a>, lettore di <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a>, <a href="/wiki/Grande_inquisitore" class="mw-redirect" title="Grande inquisitore">Grande inquisitore</a> dell'<a href="/wiki/Inquisizione" title="Inquisizione">Inquisizione</a> del <a href="/wiki/Sacro_Romano_Impero" title="Sacro Romano Impero">Sacro Romano Impero</a> in <a href="/wiki/Tirolo" title="Tirolo">Tirolo</a>, <a href="/wiki/Salisburghese" title="Salisburghese">Salisburghese</a>, in <a href="/wiki/Boemia" title="Boemia">Boemia</a> e nella <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a>. </p><p>Scrisse il <i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i> con <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Sprenger" title="Jacob Sprenger">Jacob Sprenger</a>,<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> testo di riferimento degli inquisitori sulla <a href="/wiki/Stregoneria" title="Stregoneria">stregoneria</a> e sulla <a href="/wiki/Caccia_alle_streghe" title="Caccia alle streghe">caccia alle streghe</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum,_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum%2C_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff/lossy-page1-220px-Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum%2C_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="298" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum%2C_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff/lossy-page1-330px-Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum%2C_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/63/Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum%2C_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff/lossy-page1-440px-Sprenger_-_Malleus_maleficarum%2C_1669_-_BEIC_9477645.tiff.jpg 2x" data-file-width="3270" data-file-height="4434" /></a><figcaption>Frontespizio di un'edizione del <i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_maleficarum" class="mw-redirect" title="Malleus maleficarum">Malleus maleficarum</a></i> risalente al 1669</figcaption></figure> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Biografia">Biografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Biografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Biografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Padre Heinrich Kramer, noto come <i>Institor</i>, dalla traduzione <a href="/wiki/Lingua_latina" title="Lingua latina">latina</a> del suo cognome tedesco che significa "<a href="/wiki/Venditore_ambulante" title="Venditore ambulante">venditore ambulante</a>", nacque in <a href="/wiki/Alsazia" title="Alsazia">Alsazia</a>, entrò molto giovane tra i <a href="/wiki/Ordine_dei_Frati_Predicatori" class="mw-redirect" title="Ordine dei Frati Predicatori">padri domenicani</a> di <a href="/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo">Strasburgo</a>. Aveva avuto i suoi primi contatti con <a href="/wiki/Roma" title="Roma">Roma</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1460" title="1460">1460</a>, sotto il pontificato di <a href="/wiki/Papa_Pio_II" title="Papa Pio II">papa Pio II</a>. Era sempre stato un gran sostenitore del <a href="/wiki/Papato" class="mw-redirect" title="Papato">papato</a> e proprio per questo era stato condannato e messo in prigione per un intervento contro <a href="/wiki/Federico_III_d%27Asburgo" title="Federico III d'Asburgo">Federico III</a> nella diatriba sul <a href="/wiki/Primato_papale" title="Primato papale">primato papale</a>. Questo fatto gli valse la benevola attenzione di <a href="/wiki/Papa_Sisto_IV" title="Papa Sisto IV">papa Sisto IV</a>. </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Pintoricchio_014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pintoricchio_014.jpg/170px-Pintoricchio_014.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="257" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pintoricchio_014.jpg/255px-Pintoricchio_014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Pintoricchio_014.jpg/340px-Pintoricchio_014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2536" data-file-height="3830" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Papa_Pio_II" title="Papa Pio II">Papa Pio II</a>, che aprì i primi contatti con Kramer.</figcaption></figure> <p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1474" title="1474">1474</a> venne nominato lettore di <a href="/wiki/Teologia" title="Teologia">teologia</a> a <a href="/wiki/Strasburgo" title="Strasburgo">Strasburgo</a> e nello stesso anno ottenne dal pontefice due benefici: il titolo di <i>praedicator generalis</i>, che gli permetteva di esercitare il potere inquisitorio nelle diocesi germaniche, e il mandato di <i>inquisitor haereticae pravitatis</i>, che allargava a tutto il mondo allora conosciuto la sua facoltà di perseguire ogni tipo di <a href="/wiki/Eresia" title="Eresia">eresia</a> come <a href="/wiki/Inquisitore" class="mw-redirect" title="Inquisitore">inquisitore</a>. </p><p>Tuttavia, nel <a href="/wiki/1482" title="1482">1482</a> papa Sisto IV lo convocò e gli chiese conto del proprio operato: Kramer aveva infatti subìto diverse accuse, in quanto si riteneva che in cambio di particolari <a href="/wiki/Indulgenza" title="Indulgenza">indulgenze</a> si facesse consegnare denaro e preziosi. Nonostante il richiamo pontificio, Institor temporeggiò, cercando nel frattempo di riacquistare la benevolenza del papa, cosa che gli riuscì benissimo scrivendo un <a href="/wiki/Libello" class="mw-redirect" title="Libello">libello</a> contro il <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diocesi_di_Granea&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diocesi di Granea (la pagina non esiste)">vescovo di Granea</a>, che si era dato da fare per indire a <a href="/wiki/Basilea" title="Basilea">Basilea</a> un nuovo <a href="/wiki/Concilio_di_Basilea" class="mw-redirect" title="Concilio di Basilea">concilio</a> con l'intento di riformare la <a href="/wiki/Chiesa_cattolica" title="Chiesa cattolica">Chiesa cattolica</a> e la <a href="/wiki/Curia_Romana" class="mw-redirect" title="Curia Romana">Curia Romana</a>. </p><p>La riconoscenza del papa arrivò senza indugio: non solo Padre Institor vide cadere tutte le accuse che gli erano state rivolte, ma con una <a href="/wiki/Bolla_pontificia" title="Bolla pontificia">bolla pontificia</a> del <a href="/wiki/1483" title="1483">1483</a> il <a href="/wiki/Convento" title="Convento">convento</a> della sua città natale ebbe una speciale <a href="/wiki/Indulgenza" title="Indulgenza">indulgenza</a>, per lo zelo con cui Institor aveva represso ogni sorta di <a href="/wiki/Stregoneria" title="Stregoneria">stregoneria</a> nella <a href="/wiki/Diocesi_di_Costanza" title="Diocesi di Costanza">diocesi di Costanza</a>, grazie anche all'aiuto del suo amico <a href="/wiki/Jacob_Sprenger" title="Jacob Sprenger">Jacob Sprenger</a>, anche lui <a href="/wiki/Inquisizione" title="Inquisizione">inquisitore</a>, e al quale la città di <a href="/wiki/Colonia_(Germania)" title="Colonia (Germania)">Colonia</a> doveva la sua salvezza da <a href="/wiki/Carlo_il_Temerario" class="mw-redirect" title="Carlo il Temerario">Carlo il Temerario</a>, <a href="/wiki/Duca_di_Borgogna" class="mw-redirect" title="Duca di Borgogna">duca di Borgogna</a>. </p><p>Nonostante la somma felicità per la benevolenza dimostratagli praticamente sempre dal pontefice, Institor sapeva che l'accanimento contro <a href="/wiki/Eresia" title="Eresia">eresia</a> e stregoneria avevano suscitato in <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> dubbi e opposizioni sia da parte delle autorità locali ecclesiastiche sia da quelle laiche. </p><p><a href="/wiki/Innocenzo_VIII" class="mw-redirect" title="Innocenzo VIII">Innocenzo VIII</a>, tuttavia, con la <a href="/wiki/Bolla_pontificia" title="Bolla pontificia">bolla</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Summis_desiderantes_affectibus" title="Summis desiderantes affectibus">Summis desiderantes affectibus</a></i>, volendo affilare ancora più le armi contro la stregoneria, rese ufficiale l'incarico di <a href="/wiki/Inquisizione" title="Inquisizione">inquisitori</a> di Kramer e Sprenger, i suoi "diletti figli". Il pontefice espresse soprattutto grande preoccupazione per le notizie che gli venivano dalla <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a>, dove malefiche donne si davano letteralmente anima e corpo al <a href="/wiki/Demonio" class="mw-redirect" title="Demonio">demonio</a>, offrendogli tributi osceni, partecipando ai <a href="/wiki/Sabba" title="Sabba">Sabba</a>, e compiendo la sua infernale volontà. La <a href="/wiki/Bolla_pontificia" title="Bolla pontificia">bolla pontificia</a> conferiva a Jacob Sprenger la procura ad agire nella <a href="/wiki/Germania" title="Germania">Germania</a> del Nord, lasciando invece a Padre Institor il compito di combattere la stregoneria nelle regioni meridionali. </p><p>Nonostante la fama di grande inquisitore che si era fatto negli anni, Heinrich Institor Kramer si vide sconfitto in un noto <a href="/wiki/Processo_(diritto)" title="Processo (diritto)">processo</a> ad <a href="/wiki/Innsbruck" title="Innsbruck">Innsbruck</a>, dove un avvocato riuscì a far valere i diritti dei processati. Ciò che accadde in questo processo diede maggior corpo a quanto già meditava. </p><p>Nel <a href="/wiki/1487" title="1487">1487</a> venne alla luce il <i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i> ("Il martello delle streghe") proprio dalle menti di Heinrich Institor Kramer e Jacob Sprenger, anche se si pensa sia soprattutto opera del primo. Il trattato, che ebbe tredici edizioni tra il <a href="/wiki/1489" title="1489">1489</a> e il <a href="/wiki/1520" title="1520">1520</a>, divenne in breve tempo il manuale degli inquisitori. Però, proprio in questo testo si evidenziano molti particolari che resero praticamente nullo il lavoro di Institor a Innsbruck. Per oltre due secoli l'opera di Kramer fu considerata il testo di riferimento per gli inquisitori cattolici ed i giudici protestanti nelle indagini e nei processi per stregoneria. </p><p>Heinrich Institor Kramer morì forse a <a href="/wiki/Krom%C4%9B%C5%99%C3%AD%C5%BE" title="Kroměříž">Kroměříž</a> in <a href="/wiki/Moravia" title="Moravia">Moravia</a> nel <a href="/wiki/1505" title="1505">1505</a> mentre era impegnato in una nuova campagna, stavolta contro i seguaci dell'eretico <a href="/wiki/Johannes_Hus" class="mw-redirect" title="Johannes Hus">Johannes Hus</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Opere_principali">Opere principali</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Opere principali" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Opere principali"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Institoris,_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis,_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Institoris%2C_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis%2C_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg/220px-Institoris%2C_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis%2C_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="336" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Institoris%2C_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis%2C_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg/330px-Institoris%2C_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis%2C_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Institoris%2C_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis%2C_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg/440px-Institoris%2C_Henricus_%E2%80%93_Opusculum_in_errores_Monarchiae_Antonii_de_Rosellis%2C_1499_%E2%80%93_BEIC_11767369.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1169" data-file-height="1785" /></a><figcaption><i>Opusculum in errores Monarchiae Antonii de Rosellis</i>, 1499</figcaption></figure> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></i>, 1487</li> <li><i>Alcuni discorsi e vari sermoni sul grande Santissimo Sacramento dell'eucaristia</i>, Norimberga, 1496</li> <li><i>Opusculum in errores Monarchiae Antonii de Rosellis</i>, Venezia, 1499</li> <li><i>Lo corazza difensiva della Santa Romana Chiesa contro i Piccardi e i Valdesi</i>, c. 1500</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">Con ogni probabilità Il <i>Malleus Maleficarum</i> venne scritto dal solo Kramer, nonostante il riferimento alla collaborazione con lo Sprenger fatto dall'autore nell'introduzione al volume. Andrea Del Col, <i>L'Inquisizione in Italia. Dal XII al XXI secolo</i>, Mondadori, Milano, 2006, note alla parte I, cap. V.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text"> Cfr. "Institoris: il martello delle streghe", in <i>Storia della Stregoneria</i>, di <a href="/wiki/Giordano_Berti" title="Giordano Berti">Giordano Berti</a>, Mondadori, Milano 2010, pp. 98-105.</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Inquisizione" title="Inquisizione">Inquisizione</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stregoneria" title="Stregoneria">Stregoneria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Streghe" class="mw-redirect" title="Streghe">Streghe</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Malleus_Maleficarum" title="Malleus Maleficarum">Malleus Maleficarum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valdesi" class="mw-redirect" title="Valdesi">Valdesi</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Scriptor:Henricus_Institor" class="extiw" title="s:la:Scriptor:Henricus Institor">Wikisource</a></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Heinrich Kramer"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heinrich_Kramer?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" title="Collabora a Wikisource"><img alt="Collabora a Wikisource" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/18px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/27px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg/36px-Wikisource-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="410" data-file-height="430" /></a></span> <a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/" class="extiw" title="s:">Wikisource</a> contiene una pagina in lingua latina dedicata a <b><a href="https://it.wikisource.org/wiki/la:Scriptor:Henricus_Institor" class="extiw" title="s:la:Scriptor:Henricus Institor">Heinrich Kramer</a></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Heinrich_Kramer?uselang=it">Heinrich Kramer</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Heinrich_Kramer&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFDSS" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="italiano">IT</abbr>, <abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr>, <abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hls-dhs-dss.ch/it/articles/029460"><span style="font-style:italic;">Heinrich Kramer</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">hls-dhs-dss.ch</span>, <a href="/wiki/Dizionario_storico_della_Svizzera" title="Dizionario storico della Svizzera">Dizionario storico della Svizzera</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61019#P902" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/biography/Heinrich-Kraemer"><span style="font-style:italic;">Heinrich Kraemer</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61019#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFOpen_Library" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://openlibrary.org/works/OL757974A"><span style="font-style:italic;">Opere di Heinrich Kramer</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive#Open_Library" title="Internet Archive">Open Library</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Archive" title="Internet Archive">Internet Archive</a>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q61019#P648" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Virtual_International_Authority_File" title="Virtual International Authority File">VIAF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/100281294">100281294</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/International_Standard_Name_Identifier" title="International Standard Name Identifier">ISNI</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://isni.org/isni/0000000120314750">0000 0001 2031 4750</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Servizio_bibliotecario_nazionale" title="Servizio bibliotecario nazionale">SBN</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.sbn.it/risultati-autori/-/opac-autori/detail/LO1V025773">LO1V025773</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_apostolica_vaticana" title="Biblioteca apostolica vaticana">BAV</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://opac.vatlib.it/auth/detail/495_55383">495/55383</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Consortium_of_European_Research_Libraries" title="Consortium of European Research Libraries">CERL</a> <span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://thesaurus.cerl.org/record/cnp01329867">cnp01329867</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Library_of_Congress_Control_Number" title="Library of Congress Control Number">LCCN</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://id.loc.gov/authorities/names/n84805624">n84805624</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="tedesco">DE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118855484">118855484</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Francia" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Francia">BNF</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="francese">FR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12193188q">cb12193188q</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://data.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb12193188q">(data)</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_di_Israele" title="Biblioteca nazionale di Israele">J9U</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr>, <abbr title="ebraico">HE</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://olduli.nli.org.il/F/?func=find-b&local_base=NLX10&find_code=UID&request=987007263077205171">987007263077205171</a></span><span style="font-weight:bold;"> ·</span> <a href="/wiki/Biblioteca_nazionale_e_universitaria_di_Zagabria" title="Biblioteca nazionale e universitaria di Zagabria">NSK</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="croato">HR</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://katalog.nsk.hr/F/?func=direct&local_base=nsk10&doc_number=000084511">000084511</a></span></td></tr></tbody></table> <div class="noprint" style="width:100%; padding: 3px 0; display: flex; flex-wrap: wrap; row-gap: 4px; column-gap: 8px; box-sizing: border-box;"><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555418">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{width:100%;line-height:25px;border:1px solid #CCF;background-color:#F0EEFF;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#FAFAFA}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello{background-color:#202122;border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-occhiello-progetto{background-color:#282929}}</style><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Biografie"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/25px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/67/Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg/50px-Crystal_Clear_app_Login_Manager.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Biografie" title="Portale:Biografie">Portale Biografie</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Cattolicesimo"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/18px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/28px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4e/Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg/37px-Emblem_of_the_Holy_See_usual.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="673" data-file-height="918" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Cattolicesimo" title="Portale:Cattolicesimo">Portale Cattolicesimo</a></b></div></div><div style="flex-basis: calc( 100% / 3 - 8px * 2/3 );"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r140555418"><div class="itwiki-template-occhiello"><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Letteratura"><img alt=" " src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/25px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png" decoding="async" width="25" height="25" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/38px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a5/Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg/50px-Nuvola_apps_bookcase.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="128" data-file-height="128" /></a></span> <b><a href="/wiki/Portale:Letteratura" title="Portale:Letteratura">Portale Letteratura</a></b></div></div></div>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; 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