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id="toc-Zoë_Quinn_and_Depression_Quest-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Anita_Sarkeesian_and_Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Anita_Sarkeesian_and_Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.2 Anita Sarkeesian and Tropes vs. Women in Video Games </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Anita_Sarkeesian_and_Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Brianna_Wu" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Brianna_Wu"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.3 Brianna Wu </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Brianna_Wu-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Other_targets_of_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Other_targets_of_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.4 Other targets of harassment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Other_targets_of_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Coordination_of_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Coordination_of_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 1.5 Coordination of harassment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Coordination_of_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Demographics" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Demographics"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 2 Demographics </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Demographics-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Organization" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Organization"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3 Organization </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Organization-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Organization subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Organization-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Harassment_and_Twitter" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Harassment_and_Twitter"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.1 Harassment and Twitter </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Harassment_and_Twitter-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Efforts_to_affect_public_perceptions" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Efforts_to_affect_public_perceptions"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.2 Efforts to affect public perceptions </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Efforts_to_affect_public_perceptions-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Targeting_advertisers" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Targeting_advertisers"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.3 Targeting advertisers </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Targeting_advertisers-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Sad_Puppies" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sad_Puppies"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 3.4 Sad Puppies </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sad_Puppies-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Purpose_and_goals" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Purpose_and_goals"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 4 Purpose and goals </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Purpose_and_goals-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Social,_cultural,_and_political_impact" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Social,_cultural,_and_political_impact"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5 Social, cultural, and political impact </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Social,_cultural,_and_political_impact-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Social, cultural, and political impact subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Social,_cultural,_and_political_impact-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Gamer_identity" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gamer_identity"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.1 Gamer identity </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gamer_identity-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Misogyny_and_sexism" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Misogyny_and_sexism"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.2 Misogyny and sexism </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Misogyny_and_sexism-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Law_enforcement" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Law_enforcement"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 5.3 Law enforcement </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Law_enforcement-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Gaming_industry_response" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Gaming_industry_response"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 6 Gaming industry response </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Gaming_industry_response-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Representation_in_media" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Representation_in_media"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 7 Representation in media </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Representation_in_media-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Reducing_online_harassment" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Reducing_online_harassment"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 8 Reducing online harassment </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Reducing_online_harassment-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Legacy" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Legacy"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9 Legacy </div> </a> <button aria-controls="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> Toggle Legacy subsection </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-2015–2018" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2015–2018"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.1 2015–2018 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2015–2018-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2019" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2019"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.2 2019 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2019-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2020–2021" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2020–2021"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.3 2020–2021 </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2020–2021-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-2022–present" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#2022–present"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 9.4 2022–present </div> </a> <ul id="toc-2022–present-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-See_also" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#See_also"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 10 See also </div> </a> <ul id="toc-See_also-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Notes" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Notes"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 11 Notes </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Notes-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 12 References </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-External_links" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#External_links"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> 13 External links </div> </a> <ul id="toc-External_links-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet 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Available in 28 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-28" aria-hidden="true" > 28 languages </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%82%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1%D8%A9_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%AF%D9%84" title="قضية غيمرغيت المثيرة للجدل – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="قضية غيمرغيت المثيرة للجدل" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target">العربية</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target">Català</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/GamerGate" title="GamerGate – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="GamerGate" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target">Čeština</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/GamerGate-kontroversen" title="GamerGate-kontroversen – Danish" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="GamerGate-kontroversen" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="Danish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Dansk</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate-Kontroverse" title="Gamergate-Kontroverse – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Gamergate-Kontroverse" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target">Deutsch</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Español</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AC%D9%86%D8%AC%D8%A7%D9%84_%DA%AF%DB%8C%D9%85%D8%B1%DA%AF%DB%8C%D8%AA" title="جنجال گیمرگیت – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="جنجال گیمرگیت" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target">فارسی</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Controverse_du_Gamergate" title="Controverse du Gamergate – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Controverse du Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target">Français</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Galician" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="Galician" class="interlanguage-link-target">Galego</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%EB%A8%B8%EA%B2%8C%EC%9D%B4%ED%8A%B8_%EB%85%BC%EB%9E%80" title="게이머게이트 논란 – Korean" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="게이머게이트 논란" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="Korean" class="interlanguage-link-target">한국어</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroversi_Gamergate" title="Kontroversi Gamergate – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Kontroversi Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Bahasa Indonesia</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Icelandic" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="Icelandic" class="interlanguage-link-target">Íslenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Italiano</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9E%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%99%D7%99%D7%98" title="גיימרגייט – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="גיימרגייט" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target">עברית</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target">Nederlands</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%9E%E3%83%BC%E3%82%B2%E3%83%BC%E3%83%88%E9%9B%86%E5%9B%A3%E5%AB%8C%E3%81%8C%E3%82%89%E3%81%9B%E4%BA%8B%E4%BB%B6" title="ゲーマーゲート集団嫌がらせ事件 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ゲーマーゲート集団嫌がらせ事件" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target">日本語</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target">Norsk bokmål</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target">Português</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Геймергейт – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Геймергейт" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Русский</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Scots" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="Scots" class="interlanguage-link-target">Scots</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate_controversy" title="Gamergate controversy – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Gamergate controversy" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target">Simple English</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Slovenščina</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontroverza_Gejmergejt" title="Kontroverza Gejmergejt – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Kontroverza Gejmergejt" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Српски / srpski</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target">Svenska</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamergate" title="Gamergate – Tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Gamergate" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="Tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target">Tagalog</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%B9%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B3%D0%B5%D0%B9%D1%82" title="Геймергейт – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Геймергейт" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target">Українська</a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E7%8E%A9%E5%AE%B6%E9%97%A8" title="玩家门 – Chinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="玩家门" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="Chinese" class="interlanguage-link-target">中文</a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q18114445#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Edit interlanguage 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Consider <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Splitting" title="Wikipedia:Splitting">splitting</a> content into sub-articles, <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Summary_style" title="Wikipedia:Summary style">condensing</a> it, or adding <a href="/wiki/Help:Section#Subsections" title="Help:Section">subheadings</a>. Please discuss this issue on the article's <a href="/wiki/Talk:Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" title="Talk:Gamergate (harassment campaign)">talk page</a>. (November 2024)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">"GamerGate" redirects here. For other uses, see <a href="/wiki/Gamergate_(disambiguation)" class="mw-redirect mw-disambig" title="Gamergate (disambiguation)">Gamergate (disambiguation)</a>.</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1257001546">.mw-parser-output .infobox-subbox{padding:0;border:none;margin:-3px;width:auto;min-width:100%;font-size:100%;clear:none;float:none;background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .infobox-3cols-child{margin:auto}.mw-parser-output .infobox .navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vevent"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above summary" style="font-size:125%;">Gamergate</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Date</th><td class="infobox-data">August 2014 (2014-08) – 2015 (2015)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Target</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Women_and_video_games" title="Women and video games">Women in the video game industry</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Attack type</div></th><td class="infobox-data">Online <a href="/wiki/Harassment_campaign" class="mw-redirect" title="Harassment campaign">harassment campaign</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Victims</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Zoë Quinn</a>, <a href="/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Anita Sarkeesian</a>, <a href="/wiki/Brianna_Wu" title="Brianna Wu">Brianna Wu</a>, and others</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Perpetrators</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Internet_trolls" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet trolls">Internet trolls</a>, particularly from <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a>, and <a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Motive</th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist .mw-empty-li{display:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dt::after{content:": "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li::after{content:" · ";font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li:last-child::after{content:none}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:first-child::before{content:" (";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dd li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt li:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dd:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li dt:last-child::after,.mw-parser-output .hlist li li:last-child::after{content:")";font-weight:normal}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol{counter-reset:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li{counter-increment:listitem}.mw-parser-output .hlist ol>li::before{content:" "counter(listitem)"\a0 "}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt ol>li:first-child::before,.mw-parser-output .hlist li ol>li:first-child::before{content:" ("counter(listitem)"\a0 "}</style><div class="hlist"><ul><li><a href="/wiki/Misogyny" title="Misogyny">Misogyny</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-feminism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-feminism">anti-feminism</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Anti-progressivism" class="mw-redirect" title="Anti-progressivism">anti-progressivism</a></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Inquiry</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/FBI" class="mw-redirect" title="FBI">FBI</a> investigation</td></tr></tbody></table> Gamergate or GamerGate (GG)<a href="#cite_note-:16-1">[1]</a> was a loosely organized <a href="/wiki/Online_misogyny" class="mw-redirect" title="Online misogyny">misogynistic online harassment</a> campaign and a <a href="/wiki/Right-wing" class="mw-redirect" title="Right-wing">right-wing</a> backlash against <a href="/wiki/Feminism" title="Feminism">feminism</a>, diversity, and <a href="/wiki/Progressivism" title="Progressivism">progressivism</a> in <a href="/wiki/Video_game_culture" title="Video game culture">video game culture</a>.<a href="#cite_note-2">[2]</a><a href="#cite_note-:9-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:10-4">[4]</a> It was conducted using the <a href="/wiki/Hashtag" title="Hashtag">hashtag</a> "#Gamergate" primarily in 2014 and 2015.<a href="#cite_note-:16-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a><a href="#cite_note-Learn_to_code-6">[6]</a><a href="#cite_note-VoxLessons-7">[7]</a> Gamergate targeted women in the <a href="/wiki/Video_game_industry" title="Video game industry">video game industry</a>, most notably feminist media critic <a href="/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Anita Sarkeesian</a> and video game developers <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Zoë Quinn</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brianna_Wu" title="Brianna Wu">Brianna Wu</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Murray-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201743–45-9">[9]</a><a href="#cite_note-nytimes_usu_threat-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-WuBoston-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-GlobeFeature-12">[12]</a> Gamergate began with an August 2014 blog entry called "The Zoe Post" by Quinn's ex-boyfriend, which falsely insinuated that Quinn had received a favorable review because of Quinn's sexual relationship with a games journalist.<a href="#cite_note-:11-13">[13]</a> The blog post was spread to <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, where many users had previously disparaged Quinn's work. This led to a campaign of harassment against Quinn, coordinated through anonymous message boards such as 4chan, <a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Nieborg_&_Foxman-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coordination_of_harassment-15">[15]</a> The harassment campaign expanded to target Sarkeesian, Wu, and others who defended Quinn, and included <a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">doxing</a>, rape threats, and death threats.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-dot-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-18">[18]</a> Gamergate proponents ("Gamergaters") claimed to be promoting ethics in video game journalism and protecting the "<a href="/wiki/Gamer" title="Gamer">gamer</a>" identity in opposition to "<a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>"<a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2017-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jane-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes201894-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hathaway-22">[22]</a> and the perceived influence of feminism and so-called <a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">social justice warriors</a> on video game culture.<a href="#cite_note-:9-3">[3]</a><a href="#cite_note-:14-23">[23]</a> Proponents alleged there was a conspiracy between journalists and video game developers to focus on progressive social issues such as <a href="/wiki/Gender_equality" title="Gender equality">gender equality</a> and <a href="/wiki/Sexism" title="Sexism">sexism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-KernelMag-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-26">[26]</a> Such claims have been widely dismissed as trivial, baseless, or unrelated to actual issues of ethics in gaming and journalism.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-VoxLose-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-29">[29]</a> Several commentators in the mass media dismissed the ethics complaints as a deliberate cover for the ongoing harassment of Quinn and other women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201746,_55-30">[30]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMantilla201585-31">[31]</a> Gamergaters frequently denied any such harassment took place, falsely claiming it to be manufactured by the victims.<a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPostSarkeesian-33">[33]</a> Gamergate has been described as a <a href="/wiki/Culture_war" title="Culture war">culture war</a> over cultural diversification, artistic recognition, feminism in video games, social criticism in video games, and the social identity of gamers.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-:13-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guide_to_Gamergate-36">[36]</a> Supporters stated that it was a <a href="/wiki/Social_movement" title="Social movement">social movement</a>. However, as a movement Gamergate had no clearly defined goals, coherent message, or official leaders, making it difficult to define.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENieborgFoxman2018114-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-OTMGrant-38">[38]</a><a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a> Gamergate led figures both inside and outside the gaming industry to focus on methods of addressing online harassment, ways to minimize harm, and prevent similar events.<a href="#cite_note-CSM_2015-01-20-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verge_2015-01-17-40">[40]</a><a href="#cite_note-engadetSXSWSummit-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-RecodeSXSWSummit-42">[42]</a> Gamergate has been viewed as contributing to the <a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">alt-right</a> and other right-wing movements.<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-:15-44">[44]</a> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Zoë_Quinn_and_Depression_Quest">Zoë Quinn and Depression Quest</h3></div> In 2013, <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Zoë Quinn</a>, an independent game developer, released <a href="/wiki/Depression_Quest" title="Depression Quest">Depression Quest</a>, a text-focused game designed to convey the experience of depression through a series of fictional scenarios,<a href="#cite_note-Kidd_&_Turner-45">[45]</a><a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2017-19">[19]</a> based in part on Quinn's own experience with the illness.<a href="#cite_note-Hanson-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Parkin-47">[47]</a> The game received positive reviews in the gaming media and from mental health professionals, but faced backlash online from gamers who disliked its departure from typical game formats emphasizing violence and skill<a href="#cite_note-Jane-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-Salter-48">[48]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mantilla-49">[49]</a> and who opposed "political" intrusions into gamer culture.<a href="#cite_note-Salter-48">[48]</a> Quinn was subjected to several months of harassment after its release,<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-KernelMag-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-dot-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Malone-50">[50]</a> including rape and death threats.<a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2017-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jane-20">[20]</a> Quinn documented the harassment they<a href="#cite_note-pronouns-52">[a]</a> received and spoke openly to the media about it, which led to more pronounced abuse against them such as the posting of their home address online.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201743–45-9">[9]</a> They cancelled future public appearances and ultimately fled their house out of fear for their safety.<a href="#cite_note-Parkin-47">[47]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201744-54">[53]</a><a href="#cite_note-55">[54]</a> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_(2015).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_%282015%29.jpg/170px-Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_%282015%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="170" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_%282015%29.jpg/255px-Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_%282015%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/14/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_%282015%29.jpg/340px-Zo%C3%AB_Quinn_%282015%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1000" data-file-height="1000" /></a><figcaption>Game developer <a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Zoë Quinn</a> was the initial target of the harassment campaign.</figcaption></figure> The controversies and events that would come to be known as Gamergate began in August 2014 as a personal attack on Quinn, incited by a blog post by Quinn's former boyfriend, Eron Gjoni.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJane201729-56">[55]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hanson-46">[46]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mantilla-49">[49]</a> Called "The Zoe Post",<a href="#cite_note-58">[b]</a> it was a lengthy, detailed account of their relationship and breakup<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJane201729–30-59">[57]</a> that included copies of personal chat logs, emails, and text messages.<a href="#cite_note-Malone-50">[50]</a> The blog falsely implied that Quinn received a favorable review of Depression Quest in exchange for a sexual relationship with Nathan Grayson, a reporter for the gaming websites <a href="/wiki/Kotaku" title="Kotaku">Kotaku</a> and <a href="/wiki/Rock_Paper_Shotgun" title="Rock Paper Shotgun">Rock Paper Shotgun</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:11-13">[13]</a><a href="#cite_note-:12-60">[58]</a> Gjoni later said that he had "no evidence" of a sexual conflict of interest on Quinn's part.<a href="#cite_note-pcmag_about_gg-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-62">[c]</a> Grayson never actually reviewed any of Quinn's games, and his only Kotaku article mentioning them was published before their relationship began.<a href="#cite_note-pcmag_about_gg-61">[59]</a><a href="#cite_note-Singal_September_2014-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-canadacom-64">[61]</a> Nonetheless, as reported by <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a>, gamers online used Gjoni's blog to accuse Quinn, without evidence, of trading sex for professional advancement.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiddTurner2016128-65">[62]</a><a href="#cite_note-dot-17">[17]</a> A link to the blog was posted to <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, where many users had previously been highly critical of Depression Quest, which led to renewed attacks on Quinn.<a href="#cite_note-4chan_attacks-66">[63]</a> After Gjoni's blog post, Quinn and their family were subjected to a virulent and often <a href="/wiki/Misogynistic" class="mw-redirect" title="Misogynistic">misogynistic</a> harassment campaign.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-18">[18]</a><a href="#cite_note-nybooks_2015-06-25-67">[64]</a><a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a> Online attackers of Quinn at first used the label "Quinnspiracy",<a href="#cite_note-Singal_September_2014-63">[60]</a><a href="#cite_note-Shaw_&_Chess_2016-68">[65]</a><a href="#cite_note-Aghazadeh_et_al-69">[66]</a> later adopting the hashtag "#Gamergate" after it was coined by the actor <a href="/wiki/Adam_Baldwin" title="Adam Baldwin">Adam Baldwin</a> on August 27, 2014,<a href="#cite_note-73">[d]</a><a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a> whose nearly 190,000 Twitter followers helped the spread of the hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-74">[70]</a> Right-wing journalist <a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a> popularized the hashtag on <a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a>, becoming one of the most prominent voices of Gamergate and the <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">antifeminist movement</a> more broadly.<a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a> Harassment of Gamergate targets was coordinated via <a href="/wiki/Internet_Relay_Chat" class="mw-redirect" title="Internet Relay Chat">Internet Relay Chat</a> (IRC), spreading rapidly over <a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">imageboards</a> and forums like 4chan and <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-TeleStuart-75">[71]</a><a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2015-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a> Less than four months after Gamergate began, Quinn's record of threats they had received had grown 1,000-fold.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201745-72">[69]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jason-57">[56]</a> At a conference Quinn said, "I used to go to game events and feel like I was going home ... Now it's just like ... are any of the people I'm currently in the room with ones that said they wanted to beat me to death?".<a href="#cite_note-BBCQuinnInterview-78">[74]</a> One anonymous 4chan user threatened to give them "a crippling injury that's never going to fully heal".<a href="#cite_note-79">[75]</a> Commentators both inside and outside the video game industry condemned the attacks against Quinn.<a href="#cite_note-dot-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-Singal_September_2014-63">[60]</a> The attacks included <a href="/wiki/Doxing" title="Doxing">doxing</a> (researching and broadcasting personally identifiable information about an individual) and hacking of their <a href="/wiki/Tumblr" title="Tumblr">Tumblr</a>, <a href="/wiki/Dropbox_(service)" class="mw-redirect" title="Dropbox (service)">Dropbox</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Skype" title="Skype">Skype</a> accounts; they were again subjected to rape and death threats.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-dot-17">[17]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPo-18">[18]</a> Quinn again fled their home to stay with friends.<a href="#cite_note-80">[76]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jason-57">[56]</a> Quinn wrote that "the Internet spent the last month spreading my personal information around, sending me threats, hacking anyone suspected of being friends with me, calling my dad and telling him I'm a whore, sending nude photos of me to colleagues, and basically giving me the 'burn the witch' treatment".<a href="#cite_note-81">[77]</a><a href="#cite_note-Singal_September_2014-63">[60]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Anita_Sarkeesian_and_Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games">Anita Sarkeesian and Tropes vs. Women in Video Games</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg/220px-Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg/330px-Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/46/Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg/440px-Anita_Sarkeesian_2013.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Feminist media critic Anita Sarkeesian received rape and death threats after releasing a video in her <a href="/wiki/Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games" title="Tropes vs. Women in Video Games">Tropes vs. Women in Video Games</a> series.</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png/220px-Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="143" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png/330px-Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d3/Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png/440px-Tropes_Vs._Women_in_Video_Games_-_text_logo.png 2x" data-file-width="1001" data-file-height="649" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Title_card" class="mw-redirect" title="Title card">Title card</a> used in the <a href="/wiki/Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games" title="Tropes vs. Women in Video Games">Tropes vs. Women in Video Games</a> videos</figcaption></figure> Gamergate expanded to include renewed harassment of prominent feminist media critic <a href="/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Anita Sarkeesian</a>,<a href="#cite_note-prominent_1-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-prominent_2-83">[79]</a> who had previously been a target of online harassment in 2012 due in part to her YouTube video series <a href="/wiki/Tropes_vs._Women_in_Video_Games" title="Tropes vs. Women in Video Games">Tropes vs. Women in Video Games</a>, which analyzes sexist portrayals of women.<a href="#cite_note-Murray-8">[8]</a><a href="#cite_note-Cupaiuolo2-84">[80]</a> After a new episode of Tropes vs. Women was released on August 24, 2014, Sarkeesian received rape and death threats, and private information including her home address was leaked; she was compelled to flee her home.<a href="#cite_note-BusinessWeekSarkessian-85">[81]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPostSarkeesian-33">[33]</a> At the <a href="/wiki/XOXO_(festival)" title="XOXO (festival)">XOXO</a> arts and technology conference in Portland, Oregon, she said, in regard to the accusations that high-profile women were making up the threats against them, that "one of the most radical things you can do is to actually believe women when they talk about their experiences". "The perpetrators", Sarkeesian went on to say, "do not see themselves as perpetrators at all ... They see themselves as noble warriors".<a href="#cite_note-VergeXOXO-86">[82]</a> Sarkeesian canceled an October 2014 speaking appearance at <a href="/wiki/Utah_State_University" title="Utah State University">Utah State University</a> (USU) after the school received three anonymous threats, the second of which claimed affiliation with Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-SLT_ALberty101614-87">[83]</a> The initial threat proposed that "a Montreal Massacre style attack will be carried out against the attendees, as well as the students and staff at the nearby Women's Center", alluding to the <a href="/wiki/%C3%89cole_Polytechnique_massacre" title="École Polytechnique massacre">École Polytechnique massacre</a>, a 1989 mass shooting motivated by <a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">antifeminism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-montreal-massacre-threat-ctv-88">[84]</a> The threat also said that "I have at my disposal a semi-automatic rifle, multiple pistols, and a collection of pipe bombs".<a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a> USU's president and provost released a joint statement saying that USU, in consultation with state and federal law enforcement agencies, had assessed that there was no credible threat to students, staff, or the speaker.<a href="#cite_note-USUthreat-89">[85]</a> Requests for additional security measures were declined because of Utah's <a href="/wiki/Open_carry_in_the_United_States" title="Open carry in the United States">open carry</a> laws, leading to the cancellation.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_usu_threat-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-AnitaUSUCNN-90">[86]</a><a href="#cite_note-AnitaUSUBBC-91">[87]</a> The threats drew the attention of <a href="/wiki/Mainstream_media" title="Mainstream media">mainstream media</a> to the Gamergate situation.<a href="#cite_note-venturebeat_mainstream-92">[88]</a> Nick Wingfield of <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a> referred to the threat as "the most noxious example of a weeks long campaign to discredit or intimidate outspoken critics of the male-dominated gaming industry and its culture".<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_usu_threat-10">[10]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a> (FBI) investigated the threat to attack Sarkeesian and other Gamergate-related threats.<a href="#cite_note-HJFBI-93">[89]</a> The investigations, which were plagued with jurisdictional issues, ultimately closed with the FBI failing to identify the perpetrators of some threats and declining to prosecute others.<a href="#cite_note-FBI_2017Jan27-94">[90]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge_fbi_closed-95">[91]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Brianna_Wu">Brianna Wu</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_(cropped).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_%28cropped%29.jpg/170px-Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_%28cropped%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="207" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_%28cropped%29.jpg/255px-Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_%28cropped%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a0/Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_%28cropped%29.jpg/340px-Brianna_Wu_next_to_Motorcycle_%28cropped%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="623" data-file-height="758" /></a><figcaption>Video game developer Brianna Wu suffered Gamergate-related harassment beginning in October 2014.</figcaption></figure> In mid-October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Brianna_Wu" title="Brianna Wu">Brianna Wu</a>, another independent game developer and co-founder of video game studio <a href="/wiki/Giant_Spacekat_(company)" class="mw-redirect" title="Giant Spacekat (company)">Giant Spacekat</a>, saw her home address and other identifying information posted on <a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a> as retaliation for mocking Gamergate. Wu then became the target of rape and death threats on Twitter and elsewhere. After contacting <a href="/wiki/Police" title="Police">police</a>, Wu fled her home with her husband, saying she would not allow the threats to intimidate her into silence.<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_usu_threat-10">[10]</a><a href="#cite_note-WuBoston-11">[11]</a><a href="#cite_note-GlobeFeature-12">[12]</a> Wu announced a US$11,000 reward for information leading to a conviction for those involved in her harassment, and set up a legal fund to help other game developers who have been harassed online.<a href="#cite_note-wu_reward-96">[92]</a> As of April 2016, Wu was still receiving threats in such volume that she employed full-time staff to document them.<a href="#cite_note-csm_20160411-97">[93]</a> In August 2021, <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a> described Wu as "a vocal proponent of forgiveness" for those harassers "who apologize and show they have grown" despite the extensive harassment she endured. However, "insults and continued harassment" still outnumbered apologies "10-to-1". As a result of the harassment, Wu said that she was diagnosed with <a href="/wiki/Post-traumatic_stress_disorder" title="Post-traumatic stress disorder">post-traumatic stress disorder</a> (PTSD).<a href="#cite_note-Anders_2021-98">[94]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Other_targets_of_harassment">Other targets of harassment</h3></div> Gamergate supporters subjected others to similar harassment, doxing, and death threats. Those who came to the victims' defense were ridiculed as "<a href="/wiki/White_knight#Modern_use" title="White knight">white knights</a>", or "<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warriors" class="mw-redirect" title="Social justice warriors">social justice warriors</a>" (SJWs);<a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a> this characterization was intended, according to Heron, Belford and Goker, to neutralize any opposition by questioning their motives.<a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a> The term "social justice warrior" emerged as the favored term of Gamergate proponents to refer to their opponents, resulting in its pejorative use becoming mainstream.<a href="#cite_note-JeongGarbage-99">[95]</a><a href="#cite_note-100">[96]</a> Shortly after the Gamergate hashtag was coined, video game developer <a href="/wiki/Phil_Fish" title="Phil Fish">Phil Fish</a> had his personal information, including various accounts and passwords, hacked and publicly posted in retaliation for defending Quinn and attacking their detractors.<a href="#cite_note-FishPaste-101">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-BI-102">[98]</a> The hacks and doxing also exposed documents relating to Fish's company, Polytron.<a href="#cite_note-DailyFish-103">[99]</a> As a result, Fish left the gaming industry and put Polytron up for sale, calling the situation "unacceptable" and saying, "it's not worth it".<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-FishPaste-101">[97]</a><a href="#cite_note-gs_fish-104">[100]</a> Harassment related to Gamergate continued for several months after the onset of the controversy. Two critics of Gamergate were targets of attempted "<a href="/wiki/Swatting" title="Swatting">swatting</a>"—hoaxed reports to emergency services intended to provoke a <a href="/wiki/SWAT" title="SWAT">SWAT</a> team response at the target's home. <a href="/wiki/The_Guardian" title="The Guardian">The Guardian</a> reported that both swatting attempts were coordinated through the "<a href="/wiki/Baphomet#Modern_interpretations_and_usage" title="Baphomet">baphomet</a>" subforum of 8chan.<a href="#cite_note-ars_swatting-105">[101]</a><a href="#cite_note-guardian_swatting-106">[102]</a> After the initial rush of threats that caused her to flee her home, Wu documented receiving roughly 45 death threats by April 2015; Silicon Valley investor <a href="/wiki/Marc_Andreessen" title="Marc Andreessen">Marc Andreessen</a> offered up to a $10,000 reward for information leading to the conviction of those who made the threats.<a href="#cite_note-inc-107">[103]</a> Wu's studio, Giant Spacekat, withdrew from the Expo Hall of <a href="/wiki/Penny_Arcade_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Penny Arcade Expo">PAX East 2015</a>. Wu cited security concerns, lack of confidence in the management and their failure to return calls.<a href="#cite_note-wu_pax-108">[104]</a><a href="#cite_note-venturebeat_2015-02-19-109">[105]</a><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe_2015-02-24-110">[106]</a> Actress and gamer <a href="/wiki/Felicia_Day" title="Felicia Day">Felicia Day</a> wrote a blog post about her concerns over Gamergate and her fear of retaliation if she spoke against it. Almost immediately her home address and phone number were posted online, leading to harassing letters and phone calls.<a href="#cite_note-seattletimes_2015-09-21-111">[107]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayGuardian-112">[108]</a><a href="#cite_note-DayTime-113">[109]</a> Actor <a href="/wiki/Wil_Wheaton" title="Wil Wheaton">Wil Wheaton</a> and former <a href="/wiki/NFL" class="mw-redirect" title="NFL">NFL</a> player <a href="/wiki/Chris_Kluwe" title="Chris Kluwe">Chris Kluwe</a> also posted criticisms of Gamergate. <a href="/wiki/Stephen_Colbert" title="Stephen Colbert">Stephen Colbert</a> questioned why men like Kluwe had not been threatened by Gamergate, noting that the targets were almost entirely women.<a href="#cite_note-ColbertVerge-114">[110]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoColbert-115">[111]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Coordination_of_harassment">Coordination of harassment</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:8chan_logo.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="Green infinity symbol, with "chan" underneath in black lowercase sans serif text" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/8chan_logo.svg/220px-8chan_logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="220" height="168" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/8chan_logo.svg/330px-8chan_logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/29/8chan_logo.svg/440px-8chan_logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1600" data-file-height="1220" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a> was a central hub for Gamergate supporters after <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> banned discussion of Gamergate. The website later became associated with far-right groups.<a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a></figcaption></figure> Gamergate's harassment was coordinated primarily through anonymous message boards such as <a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a>, <a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Reddit" title="Reddit">Reddit</a>,<a href="#cite_note-Nieborg_&_Foxman-14">[14]</a><a href="#cite_note-Coordination_of_harassment-15">[15]</a> particularly the "KotakuInAction" <a href="/wiki/Subreddits" class="mw-redirect" title="Subreddits">subreddit</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Barnes-116">[112]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201747-117">[113]</a> <a href="/wiki/Ars_Technica" title="Ars Technica">Ars Technica</a> reported that a series of 4chan discussion logs suggests that Twitter <a href="/wiki/Sockpuppet_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sockpuppet (Internet)">sockpuppet</a> accounts were used to popularize the Gamergate hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a> Early Gamergate IRC discussions focused on coordinating the harassment of Quinn by using <a href="/wiki/Astroturfing" title="Astroturfing">astroturf</a> campaigns to push attacks against her into mainstream view, while initial organizers attempted to cultivate a palatable narrative for public consumption, internally focusing on personal grudges against Quinn and aggressive sexual imagery.<a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a> Gamergaters circulated a <a href="/wiki/Blacklist" class="mw-redirect" title="Blacklist">blacklist</a> of publications along with email templates and phone scripts to use in lobbying companies to pull advertisements from sites critical of Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-Sherr_2017-118">[114]</a> Media scholar Torill Mortensen wrote in <a href="/wiki/Games_and_Culture" title="Games and Culture">Games and Culture</a> that Gamergate's structure as an anonymous swarm allowed it to create an environment where anyone who criticized it or became its target was at risk, while allowing them to avoid individual responsibility for harassment.<a href="#cite_note-Mortensen_2016-119">[115]</a> There has been considerable discussion of <a href="/wiki/Norm_(social)" class="mw-redirect" title="Norm (social)">self-policing</a> and the <a href="/wiki/Collective_responsibility" title="Collective responsibility">responsibility</a> supporters of Gamergate share when the hashtag is used for harassment. A number of websites have blocked users, removed posts, and created policies to prevent their users from threatening Quinn and others with doxing, assault, rape and murder, and planning and coordinating such threats.<a href="#cite_note-csmonitor-16">[16]</a><a href="#cite_note-dot-17">[17]</a> In September 2014, 4chan founder and then-head administrator <a href="/wiki/Christopher_Poole" title="Christopher Poole">Christopher Poole</a> banned all discussion of Gamergate on the site as more attacks occurred, leading to Gamergate supporters using 8chan as their central hub.<a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2015-76">[72]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapost_8chan-120">[116]</a><a href="#cite_note-121">[117]</a> Many Gamergate supporters have denied that the harassment took place, or falsely accused victims of fabricating the evidence.<a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-WashPostSarkeesian-33">[33]</a> Gamergate supporters have used the term "Literally Who" to refer to victims of harassment such as Quinn, saying they are not relevant to Gamergate's goals and purposes. Several commentators have decried the use of such terminology as dehumanizing and said that discussions on Gamergate forums often focus on those referred to as "Literally Who".<a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a> By September 24, 2014, over one million Twitter messages incorporating the Gamergate hashtag had been sent.<a href="#cite_note-metro_what_is_gg-122">[118]</a> A <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brandwatch" title="Brandwatch">Brandwatch</a> analysis found more than two million Twitter messages between September and October 2014.<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_Brandwatch-123">[119]</a> Software developer <a href="/wiki/Andy_Baio" title="Andy Baio">Andy Baio</a> also produced an analysis of #Gamergate tweets showing a discussion that was polarized between pro- and anti-Gamergate factions. One quarter of the tweets sampled were produced by users new to Twitter, most of whom were pro-Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-Melendez_Oct_2014-124">[120]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Demographics">Demographics</h2></div> While the number of Gamergate supporters is unclear, in October 2014, <a href="/wiki/Deadspin" title="Deadspin">Deadspin</a> estimated 10,000 supporters based on the number of users discussing Gamergate on Reddit.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a> Katherine Cross, a sociologist, game critic and target of harassment from Gamergate, noted that "For a long time, Gamergate adamantly resisted that [far right] characterization", adding that "They said that notions that they were <a href="/wiki/Conservatism" title="Conservatism">conservatives</a> were slander and dismissed them. They posted straw polls that they've taken in KiA that demonstrate this. I've said time and time again that that largely means nothing."<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[43]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vice_News" title="Vice News">Vice News</a> noted that "The obvious problem here is that th[ese are] unscientific internet poll[s], which can be easily gamed by a community that often games polls." and that "the threads on [r/KotakuinAction] tell a different story. On February 8, for example, all the off-topic threads had a clear, <a href="/wiki/Far-right_politics" title="Far-right politics">far-right</a> bent, claiming that Facebook is censoring crimes committed by immigrants, complaining about college professors who criticize Trump, and more. In the eyes of Gamergaters fighting against 'political correctness' doesn't necessarily conflict with <a href="/wiki/Liberalism" title="Liberalism">liberal</a> politics, but I also couldn't find any threads that could be construed as liberal."<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[43]</a> Vice News also noted that "while the majority of Gamergaters resent the affiliation [of alt-right], many of the movement's leading figures, who were right wing pundits before Gamergate, have graduated from rallying against political correctness in games to supporting Trump and the alt-right.", including <a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a> and Milo Yiannopoulos.<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[43]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Organization">Organization</h2></div> The series of events that came to be known as Gamergate has been described as "torturously complex".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENieborgFoxman2018114-37">[37]</a> As a movement, it had no official leaders or clearly defined agenda.<a href="#cite_note-125">[121]</a> Because of its anonymous membership, lack of organization and leaderless nature, sources differ as to the goals or mission of Gamergate and defining it has been difficult.<a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a> Frank Lantz of <a href="/wiki/NYU" class="mw-redirect" title="NYU">NYU</a>'s Game Center wrote that he could not find "a single explanation of a coherent Gamergate position".<a href="#cite_note-126">[122]</a> Christopher Grant, editor-in-chief of <a href="/wiki/Polygon_(website)" title="Polygon (website)">Polygon</a>, told the Columbia Journalism Review: "The closest thing we've been able to divine is that it's noise. It's chaos ... all you can do is find patterns. And ultimately Gamergate will be defined—I think has been defined—by some of its basest elements."<a href="#cite_note-127">[123]</a><a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a> The decentralized nature of Gamergate allowed it to defy attempts at discourse and to define its agenda.<a href="#cite_note-128">[124]</a> This decentralization allowed for a long-term, focused campaign against consistent targets.<a href="#cite_note-129">[125]</a> Kyle Wagner of <a href="/wiki/Deadspin" title="Deadspin">Deadspin</a> argues that "By design, Gamergate is nearly impossible to define. It refers, variously, to a set of incomprehensible Benghazi-type conspiracy theories about game developers and journalists; to a fairly broad group of gamers concerned with corruption in gaming journalism; to a somewhat narrower group of gamers who believe women should be punished for having sex; and, finally, to a small group of gamers conducting organized campaigns of stalking and harassment against women." and that "This ambiguity is useful, because it turns any discussion of this subject into a debate over semantics." Wagner describes Gamergate as "a fascinating glimpse of the future of grievance politics".<a href="#cite_note-:3-130">[126]</a> As the threats expanded, international media focused on Gamergate's violent, misogynistic element and its inability to present a coherent message. Bob Stuart, in <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Telegraph" title="The Daily Telegraph">The Daily Telegraph</a>, reported that "Gamergate has since swelled into an unwieldy movement with no apparent leaders, mission statement, or aims beyond calling out 'social justice warriors'. ... When members of the games industry are being driven from their houses and jobs, threatened, or abused, it makes Gamergate's claim that it is engaged in an ethical campaign appear laughable."<a href="#cite_note-TeleStuart-75">[71]</a> The campaign's focus broadened to take on other targets in the news media, as with <a href="/wiki/Bollea_v._Gawker" title="Bollea v. Gawker">Hulk Hogan's lawsuit against Gawker Media</a>.<a href="#cite_note-NYTThielGawker-131">[127]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jesse_Singal" title="Jesse Singal">Jesse Singal</a>, in <a href="/wiki/New_York_(magazine)" title="New York (magazine)">New York</a>, stated that he had spoken to several Gamergate supporters to try to understand their concerns, but found conflicting ideals and incoherent messages. Singal observed Gamergate supporters making a constant series of attacks on Quinn, Sarkeesian, and other people, while frequently stating that Gamergate "is not about" them.<a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a> Chris Ip of the Columbia Journalism Review said that Gamergate supporters espousing critiques of ethics in journalism could not be separated from harassers.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a> With anyone able to tweet under the hashtag and no single person willing or able to represent the hashtag and take responsibility for its actions, Ip said it is not possible for journalists to neatly separate abusers from those seeking reasonable debate.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a> <a href="/wiki/Jon_Stone_(poet)" title="Jon Stone (poet)">Jon Stone</a>, as quoted in <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a>, said that "[Gamergate] readjusts and reinvents itself in response to attempts to disarm and disperse its noxiousness, subsuming disaffected voices in an act of continual regeneration, cycling through targets, pretexts, manifestoes, and moralisms".<a href="#cite_note-132">[128]</a> Polygon's Grant said that as of October 2014, Gamergate had remained amorphous and leaderless so that the harassment can be conducted without any culpability.<a href="#cite_note-OTMGrant-38">[38]</a> Gamergaters attacked gaming websites that criticized Gamergate and gaming websites that expressed support for diversity in gaming culture, including Kotaku, <a href="/wiki/Game_Developer_(website)" title="Game Developer (website)">Game Developer</a>, Ars Technica, Polygon, and <a href="/wiki/Gawker" title="Gawker">Gawker</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:10-4">[4]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Harassment_and_Twitter">Harassment and Twitter</h3></div> While organized through anonymous message boards such as 4chan and Reddit, Gamergate harassment was most prominent on Twitter. Michael Salter, a <a href="/wiki/University_of_Western_Sydney" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Western Sydney">University of Western Sydney</a> criminologist, writes that Twitter's design and architecture was "highly conducive" to such abuse campaigns, allowing Gamergaters to overwhelm users' ability to individually block the large numbers of fake or "sockpuppet" accounts used to send abusive and harassing messages.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201747–48-133">[129]</a> Twitter was criticized for its inability to respond quickly and prevent harassment over the service. Within the United States, Twitter and other social media sites are not liable for content posted by third-parties of their service under <a href="/wiki/Section_230_of_the_Communications_Decency_Act" class="mw-redirect" title="Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act">Section 230 of the Communications Decency Act</a> (1996), and so have no legal obligation to police malicious content such as harassment and threats.<a href="#cite_note-fastcompany_2015-06-02-134">[130]</a> Brianna Wu, shortly after becoming a target of harassment, stated that Twitter facilitated harassment by the ease with which anyone could make a new account even after having an earlier account blocked, and challenged the service to improve its responsiveness to complaints.<a href="#cite_note-businessweek_wu_twitter-135">[131]</a> Robinson Meyer of <a href="/wiki/The_Atlantic" title="The Atlantic">The Atlantic</a> said Gamergate is an "identity crisis" for Twitter, and by not dealing with harassing users, the platform is failing to protect victims.<a href="#cite_note-Meyer-136">[132]</a> Early on during Gamergate, software developer Randi Harper started the "Good Game Auto Blocker" or "ggautoblocker", an expanding list of known Twitter accounts that were tied to the Gamergate hashtag which could be automatically <a href="/wiki/Block_(Internet)" title="Block (Internet)">blocked</a>, therefore reducing the degree of harassment received.<a href="#cite_note-verge_2015-06-10-137">[133]</a> In November 2014, Twitter announced a collaboration with the non-profit group "Women, Action & the Media" (WAM), in which users of Twitter can report harassment to a tool monitored by WAM members, who would forward affirmed issues to Twitter within 24 hours. The move, while arising in the wake of the Gamergate harassment, was due to general issues of the harassment of women on the Internet.<a href="#cite_note-wiredWAMTwitterHarassment-138">[134]</a><a href="#cite_note-TheVergeWAMTwitter-139">[135]</a><a href="#cite_note-wam_release-140">[136]</a> In May 2015, WAM reported that of 512 reported harassment instances by the tool during the month of November 2014, 12% of those were tied to the Gamergate controversy based on the ggautoblocker list, with most harassment occurring from single-instance accounts targeting a single person.<a href="#cite_note-wam_report-141">[137]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Efforts_to_affect_public_perceptions">Efforts to affect public perceptions</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Vivian_James.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/a/aa/Vivian_James.jpg/170px-Vivian_James.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/a/aa/Vivian_James.jpg 1.5x" data-file-width="202" data-file-height="303" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> users designed the character Vivian James to be used in the winning entry of TFYC's game design competition; her striped sweatshirt is a reference to a visual <a href="/wiki/Rape" title="Rape">rape</a> joke that became a viral 4chan meme.</figcaption></figure> Early in the controversy, posters on 4chan focused on donating to a group called The Fine Young Capitalists (TFYC), which had been embroiled in a dispute with Quinn over a women-only game development contest that Quinn had organized. TFYC sponsored a <a href="/wiki/Video_game_design" title="Video game design">video game design</a> contest for women in 2014. They were created by a partnership between Colombian media developer Autobótika and Canadian organization Empowered Up.<a href="#cite_note-Gamesindustry.biz-142">[138]</a> It was founded with the goal of helping women and other underrepresented groups get involved in video game design.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiddTurner2016124–125-143">[139]</a> Its founder is Matthew Rappard, who is the only member who is publicly identified.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiddTurner2016124-144">[140]</a> Advocating donations to help TFYC create the game, posters on 4chan's politics board argued that such donations would make them "look really good" and would make them "PR-untouchable".<a href="#cite_note-Vice-145">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-Melendez_Nov_2014-146">[142]</a> For their donations, TFYC allowed 4chan to create a character to be included in the game. The result was "Vivian James", a character designed to appear like an ordinary female gamer; her name is meant to sound like "video games".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEKiddTurner2016127-147">[143]</a> The colors of her striped purple and green <a href="/wiki/Hooded_sweatshirt" class="mw-redirect" title="Hooded sweatshirt">hooded sweatshirt</a> represent a viral 4chan meme known as "daily dose", which depicted a character from the anime <a href="/wiki/Dragon_Ball_Z" title="Dragon Ball Z">Dragon Ball Z</a> sexually assaulting another character.<a href="#cite_note-Phillips-148">[144]</a><a href="#cite_note-Poland-149">[145]</a><a href="#cite_note-Melendez_Nov_2014-146">[142]</a> Allegra Ringo of <a href="/wiki/Vice_(magazine)" title="Vice (magazine)">Vice</a> called her "a character masquerading as a feminist icon for the express purpose of spiting feminists".<a href="#cite_note-Vice-145">[141]</a> To respond to widespread criticism of Gamergate as misogynistic, posters on 4chan created a second Twitter hashtag, #NotYourShield, intended to show that Gamergate was not about opposition to feminism or wanting to push women out of gaming.<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-telegraph-150">[146]</a><a href="#cite_note-DailyDot-151">[147]</a> Many of the accounts used to tweet the tag were <a href="/wiki/Sockpuppet_(Internet)" class="mw-redirect" title="Sockpuppet (Internet)">sockpuppets</a> that had copied their avatars from elsewhere on the Internet; the methods used to create it have been compared to #EndFathersDay, a hoax manufactured on 4chan using similar methods.<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-DailyDot-151">[147]</a> Quinn said that in light of Gamergate's exclusive targeting of women or those who stood up for women, "#notyourshield was, ironically, solely designed to be a shield for this campaign once people started calling it misogynistic".<a href="#cite_note-Escapist4chan-152">[148]</a> <a href="/wiki/Arthur_Chu" title="Arthur Chu">Arthur Chu</a> wrote that the hashtag was an attempt to discourage allies from supporting the people being attacked by Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-Chu2014-153">[149]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Targeting_advertisers">Targeting advertisers</h3></div> Gamergate supporters were critical of the wave of articles calling for diversity that followed the initial outbreak of the controversy, interpreting them as an attack on games and gamer culture. Gamergaters responded with a coordinated email campaign that demanded advertisers drop several involved publications; in a five-step 'war plan' against organizations that offended them, a Gamergate posting described how they would choose from a list of target organizations, pick a grievance from a list others had compiled, and send a form letter containing it to an advertiser.<a href="#cite_note-waposuccess-154">[150]</a> <a href="/wiki/Intel" title="Intel">Intel</a> reacted to this by withdrawing an ad campaign from <a href="/wiki/Game_Developer_(website)" title="Game Developer (website)">Game Developer</a> in October 2014. After a number of game developers criticized Intel for this, arguing that it could have a chilling effect on free speech and that it amounted to supporting harassment, Intel apologized, ultimately resuming advertising on Game Developer in mid-November.<a href="#cite_note-GIBizIntel-155">[151]</a><a href="#cite_note-VergeIntelStatement-156">[152]</a><a href="#cite_note-Intel_Telegraph-157">[153]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sad_Puppies">Sad Puppies</h3></div> Gamergate became associated with the "<a href="/wiki/Sad_Puppies" title="Sad Puppies">Sad Puppies</a>" and "Rabid Puppies" during <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Awards#Since_2000" class="mw-redirect" title="Hugo Awards">2015 Hugo Awards</a> for science fiction writing. These groups organized <a href="/wiki/Voting_bloc" title="Voting bloc">voting blocs</a> to promote overlapping <a href="/wiki/Slate_(elections)" title="Slate (elections)">slates</a> that dominated the 2015 Hugo Award nominations, though they failed to win the awards. The campaign was described as a backlash against the increasing racial, ethnic, and gender diversity in science fiction. Members of the blocs said that they sought to counteract what they asserted was a focus on giving awards based on the race, ethnicity, or gender of the author or characters rather than quality, and bemoaning the increasing prominence of what they described as 'message' fiction with fewer traditional "zap gun" science-fictional trappings.<a href="#cite_note-atlantic_2015-04-09-158">[154]</a><a href="#cite_note-latimes_2015-08-24-159">[155]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired_2015-08-23-160">[156]</a> By 2018, the Sad Puppies had diminished visibility, and Quinn's 2017 memoir <a href="/wiki/Crash_Override_(book)" title="Crash Override (book)">Crash Override</a> was nominated for the 2018 <a href="/wiki/Hugo_Award_for_Best_Related_Work" title="Hugo Award for Best Related Work">Hugo Award for Best Related Work</a> (for non-fiction works related to science fiction or fantasy).<a href="#cite_note-161">[157]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Purpose_and_goals">Purpose and goals</h2></div> The most active Gamergate supporters or "Gamergaters"<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes201894-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Braithwaite-162">[158]</a> said that Gamergate was a movement for ethics in games journalism, for protecting the "gamer" identity, and for opposing "<a href="/wiki/Political_correctness" title="Political correctness">political correctness</a>" in video games and that any harassment of women was done by others not affiliated with Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2017-19">[19]</a><a href="#cite_note-Jane-20">[20]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEBarnes201894-21">[21]</a><a href="#cite_note-Hathaway-22">[22]</a> They argued that the close relationships between journalists and developers demonstrated a conspiracy among reviewers to focus on progressive social issues.<a href="#cite_note-KernelMag-25">[25]</a><a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC1-26">[26]</a> These conspiracy theories particularly focused on the positive reception to games such as <a href="/wiki/Depression_Quest" title="Depression Quest">Depression Quest</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gone_Home" title="Gone Home">Gone Home</a>, which feature unconventional gameplay and stories with social implications.<a href="#cite_note-overland-163">[159]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTSuellentrop-164">[160]</a><a href="#cite_note-willametteweek-165">[161]</a> Observers in the media have largely rejected these claims as baseless and malicious. Chris Ip of the Columbia Journalism Review wrote that "many criticisms of press coverage by people who identify with Gamergate ... have been debunked" and concluded that "at core, the movement is a classic culture war".<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a> Writing in Vox, Emily VanDerWerff said that "[e]very single question of journalistic ethics Gamergate has brought up has either been debunked or dealt with".<a href="#cite_note-VoxLose-28">[28]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Alexander_(journalist)" title="Leigh Alexander (journalist)">Leigh Alexander</a>, then editor-at-large of Game Developer, the ethics concerns were a <a href="/wiki/Conspiracy_theory" title="Conspiracy theory">conspiracy theory</a>, albeit a sincere one; Alexander writes that there is nothing unethical about journalists being acquainted with those they cover and that meaningful reporting requires journalists to develop professional relationships with sources.<a href="#cite_note-Time-29">[29]</a> Ars Technica, Vox, and <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>, among others, stated that discussions of gender equality, sexism and other social issues in game reviews present no ethical conflict.<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a><a href="#cite_note-Mortensen_2016-119">[115]</a><a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_Brandwatch-123">[119]</a><a href="#cite_note-VoxLose-28">[28]</a><a href="#cite_note-WiredHudson-166">[162]</a><a href="#cite_note-UWiscCulver-167">[163]</a> Several writers who attempted to understand Gamergate's motivations concluded that, rather than relating to purported issues with gaming journalism ethics, Gamergate represented an effort to suppress opposing views.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-VergeDead-168">[164]</a><a href="#cite_note-WaPoRosenberg-169">[165]</a><a href="#cite_note-Internet_Monitor_2014-170">[166]</a> Salter writes that "mass media had a decisive role in evaluating the competing claims of Gamergate and its critics, and ultimately dismissing Gamergate as a misogynist abuse campaign".<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201755-171">[167]</a> Screenshots of 4chan boards, collected and published by Quinn, suggested that complaints about ethics in games journalism were invented post hoc by Gamergaters to distract critics from their ongoing abuse of Quinn.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201746-172">[168]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a> Jay Hathaway wrote at Gawker that this strategy emerged once Gamergaters found that harassing Quinn about their sexual history was unlikely to win the campaign support; according to Hathaway, IRC chat logs showed that "the [Gamergate] movement was focused on destroying Zoë Quinn first, reforming games reporting second".<a href="#cite_note-173">[169]</a> Other commentators argued that Gamergate had the potential to raise significant issues in gaming journalism, but that the wave of misogynistic harassment and abuse associated with the hashtag had <a href="/wiki/Poisoned_the_well" class="mw-redirect" title="Poisoned the well">poisoned the well</a>, making it impossible to separate honest criticism from sexist trolling.<a href="#cite_note-HeronBelford2014-32">[32]</a><a href="#cite_note-goldman-174">[170]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vox-175">[171]</a> Visible support for Gamergate in the form of tweets, online videos, and blogs seldom involved discussion of ethics, but often featured misogynistic and/or racist commentary.<a href="#cite_note-Massanari_2017-19">[19]</a> The targets were mainly female game developers, academics, and writers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJane201733-176">[172]</a> Researchers at the <a href="/wiki/Berkman_Center_for_Internet_%26_Society" class="mw-redirect" title="Berkman Center for Internet & Society">Berkman Center for Internet & Society</a> at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard University</a> described Gamergate as a "vitriolic campaign against Quinn that quickly morph[ed] into a broader crusade against alleged corruption in games journalism" which involved considerable abuse and harassment of female developers and game critics.<a href="#cite_note-Internet_Monitor_2014-170">[166]</a> Concerns have also been raised when juxtaposing the behavior of Gamergate supporters with their claimed message. Dr. Kathleen Bartzen Culver, a professor and media ethics expert at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>, wrote that while Gamergate supporters claimed to be interested in journalism ethics, their "misogynistic and threatening" behavior belied this claim. "Much of the conversation—if I can even call it that—has been a toxic sludge of rumor, invective, and gender bias. The irony comes from people who claim to be challenging the ethics of game journalists through patently unethical behavior."<a href="#cite_note-UWiscCulver-167">[163]</a> After analyzing a sample of tweets related to Gamergate, Newsweek concluded that it was primarily about harassment rather than ethics, stating that the sample "suggests that ... contrary to its stated goal, Gamergate spends more time tweeting negatively at game developers than at game journalists".<a href="#cite_note-Newsweek_Brandwatch-123">[119]</a> Casey Johnston wrote for Ars Technica that, based on logs from the 4chan users who initially pushed Gamergate into the spotlight, the goal behind the hashtag campaign was to "perpetuate misogynistic attacks by wrapping them in a debate about ethics".<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a> An academic analysis of a week's worth of public posts tagged with #Gamergate found that the <a href="/wiki/Issue_public" class="mw-redirect" title="Issue public">issue publics</a> involved were not "only or even primarily" concerned with ethics in gaming journalism.<a href="#cite_note-177">[173]</a><a href="#cite_note-BurgessMatamoros-Fernández2016-178">[174]</a> In an interview with Anita Sarkeesian in The Guardian, <a href="/wiki/Jessica_Valenti" title="Jessica Valenti">Jessica Valenti</a> said that "the movement's much-mocked mantra, 'It's about ethics in journalism'" was seen by others as "a natural extension of sexist harassment and the fear of female encroachment on a traditionally male space". Sarkeesian asked, "if this 'movement' was about journalism, why wasn't it journalists who had to deal with a barrage of rape and death threats?".<a href="#cite_note-guardian_aug2015-179">[175]</a> Wu told The Boston Globe that the ethics claims were "a pretext" and described Gamergate as "an actual <a href="/wiki/Hate_group" title="Hate group">hate group</a> ... they're upset and threatened by women who are being very outspoken about feminism".<a href="#cite_note-180">[176]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bray-181">[177]</a> Gamergate has been criticized for focusing on women, especially female developers, while ignoring many large-scale journalistic ethics issues. Alex Goldman of NPR's On the Media criticized Gamergate for targeting female <a href="/wiki/List_of_independent_video_game_developers" class="mw-redirect" title="List of independent video game developers">independent ("indie") developers</a> rather than <a href="/wiki/AAA_(game_industry)" class="mw-redirect" title="AAA (game industry)">AAA games publishers</a>, and said claims of unethical behavior by Quinn and Sarkeesian were unfounded.<a href="#cite_note-goldman-174">[170]</a> In Wired, Laura Hudson found it telling that Gamergate supporters concentrated on impoverished independent creators and critics, and nearly exclusively women, rather than the large game companies whose work they enjoyed.<a href="#cite_note-WiredHudson-166">[162]</a> Vox writer Emily VanDerWerff highlighted an essay written by game developer David Hill, who said that corruption, <a href="/wiki/Nepotism" title="Nepotism">nepotism</a>, and excessive <a href="/wiki/Commercialism" title="Commercialism">commercialism</a> existed in the gaming industry, but that Gamergate was not addressing those issues.<a href="#cite_note-VoxConfuse-182">[178]</a> Adi Robertson, of The Verge, commented on the long-standing ethical issues gaming journalism has dealt with, but that most Gamergate supporters did not seem interested in "addressing problems that don't directly relate to feminist criticism or the tiny indie games scene".<a href="#cite_note-VergeDay-183">[179]</a> <a href="/wiki/Feminist_Media_Studies" title="Feminist Media Studies">Feminist Media Studies</a> described Gamergate as "a convenient way for a loose coalition of frustrated geeks, misogynists, alt-righters, and trolls to coalesce around a common idea—that popular culture was 'overly concerned' with a particular kind of identity politics—even if their tactics and actual motivations for participating were varied."<a href="#cite_note-Massanari-184">[180]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Social,_cultural,_and_political_impact">Social, cultural, and political impact</h2></div> Observers have generally described Gamergate as part of a long-running culture war against efforts to diversify the traditionally male video gaming community, particularly targeting outspoken women. They cite Gamergate supporters' frequent harassment of female figures in the gaming industry and its overt hostility toward people involved in social criticism and analysis of video games.<a href="#cite_note-Ip_2014-27">[27]</a><a href="#cite_note-BBC-34">[34]</a> The Washington Post's digital culture writer <a href="/wiki/Caitlin_Dewey" title="Caitlin Dewey">Caitlin Dewey</a> said that "Whatever Gamergate may have started as, it is now an Internet culture war" between predominantly female game developers and critics advocating for greater inclusion, and "a motley alliance of vitriolic naysayers" opposed to such changes.<a href="#cite_note-:13-35">[35]</a><a href="#cite_note-Guide_to_Gamergate-36">[36]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a> said that Gamergate supporters were less interested in criticizing ethical issues than in opposition to social criticism and analysis of video games and in harassment of prominent women.<a href="#cite_note-VoxLose-28">[28]</a> Ars Technica quoted early members as saying that they had no interest in video games and were primarily interested in attacking Quinn.<a href="#cite_note-Johnston_September_2014-77">[73]</a> Gamergate has been described as being driven by antifeminist ideologies.<a href="#cite_note-Vice-145">[141]</a><a href="#cite_note-right_wing-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-bostonglobe_2015-06-12-186">[182]</a> Some supporters have denied this, but acknowledge that there are misogynistic voices within Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-Singal_October_2014-24">[24]</a><a href="#cite_note-Vice-145">[141]</a> Antonsen, Ask, and Karlstrom wrote in Nordic Journal of Science and Technology Studies "in the case of #gamergate, it is the explicit goal of many of the participants to exclude groups of people, particularly women, from the debate and from the game industry and limit women's rights as citizens."<a href="#cite_note-nordic-187">[183]</a> Jon Stone, writing in The Guardian, called it a "swelling of vicious right-wing sentiment".<a href="#cite_note-188">[184]</a><a href="#cite_note-right_wing-185">[181]</a> Commentators such as Stone, <a href="/wiki/Liana_Kerzner" class="mw-redirect" title="Liana Kerzner">Liana Kerzner</a>, and Ryan Cooper have said that the controversy is being exploited by right-wing voices and by conservative pundits who had little interest in gaming.<a href="#cite_note-Ryan_Cooper_Week-189">[185]</a><a href="#cite_note-right_wing-185">[181]</a><a href="#cite_note-MetalEater2-190">[186]</a> Chrisella Herzog states that in addition to violent sexism, Gamergate has virulent strains and violent sentiments of homophobia, transphobia, <a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">anti-Semitism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">racism</a>, and neo-Nazism.<a href="#cite_note-DipCour-191">[187]</a> Gamergate supporters also promoted the <a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Mortensen_2016-119">[115]</a> Quinn said the campaign had "roped well-meaning people who cared about ethics and transparency into a pre-existing hate mob",<a href="#cite_note-ViceQuinn-192">[188]</a> and urged industry publishers and developers to condemn the hashtag.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_gg_condemned-193">[189]</a> They further asked those Gamergate supporters who had any earnest discussion about ethics to move away from the "Gamergate" tag.<a href="#cite_note-bbc_gg_condemned-193">[189]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Gamer_identity">Gamer identity</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg/220px-Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg/330px-Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7d/Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg/440px-Go_Play_One_2010_-_P1370638.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="3000" /></a><figcaption>A woman playing Go Play One in 2010</figcaption></figure> Gamergate is often considered to be a reaction to the changing cultural identity of the "<a href="/wiki/Gamer" title="Gamer">gamer</a>". As video games grew in mainstream popularity during the 1990s, a "gamer" identity emerged among predominantly young, male, heterosexual players, and the types of games designed to appeal to them. Over the years, the growing popularity of games expanded that audience to include many who did not fit the traditional gamer demographic, particularly women.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201742–43-194">[190]</a> Games with artistic and cultural themes grew in popularity, and <a href="/wiki/Independent_video_game_development" class="mw-redirect" title="Independent video game development">independent video game development</a> made these games more common, while <a href="/wiki/Mobile_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Mobile games">mobile</a> and <a href="/wiki/Casual_games" class="mw-redirect" title="Casual games">casual</a> games expanded the scope of the industry beyond the traditional gamer identity.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassanari2017317-195">[191]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-196">[192]</a> The games most popular with typical "gamers", often featuring explicit violence along with exaggerated gender stereotypes, were joined by a more diverse set of games that included gay, lesbian, and transgender themes. "Indie" gaming blogs and websites were created to comment on these developments, in contrast to the more established gaming press, which was traditionally dependent on the games industry itself.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201742–43-194">[190]</a> The media-studies scholar Adrienne Massanari writes that Gamergate is a direct response to such changes in video-game content as well as changes in the demographics of players.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassanari2017317-195">[191]</a> Surveys by the <a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Association" title="Entertainment Software Association">Entertainment Software Association</a> in 2014 and 2015 showed that video-game players were between 44% and 48% female,<a href="#cite_note-gamesindustry_women-197">[193]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassanari2017317-195">[191]</a> with an average age of thirty-five.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassanari2017317-195">[191]</a> This broader audience began to question some assumptions and <a href="/wiki/Fantasy_tropes_and_conventions" class="mw-redirect" title="Fantasy tropes and conventions">tropes</a> that had been common in games. Shira Chess and <a href="/wiki/Adrienne_Shaw" title="Adrienne Shaw">Adrienne Shaw</a> write that concern over these changes is integral to Gamergate, especially a fear that sexualized games aimed primarily at young men might eventually be replaced by less sexualized games marketed to broader audiences.<a href="#cite_note-Chess_2015-198">[194]</a> Gamergaters often dismiss such games and their more diverse, casual group of players as being not "real" games or gamers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMassanari2017317-195">[191]</a> Alyssa Rosenberg of The Washington Post said that some of Gamergaters' concerns were rooted in a view of video games as "appliances" rather than art, that should be reviewed based on feature checklists rather than traditional artistic criteria.<a href="#cite_note-WaPoRosenberg-169">[165]</a> Chris Suellentrop of The New York Times criticized resistance to innovative uses of the gaming medium, and the belief that increased coverage and praise of artistic games like <a href="/wiki/Gone_Home" title="Gone Home">Gone Home</a> would negatively affect blockbuster games such as Grand Theft Auto V.<a href="#cite_note-NYTSuellentrop-164">[160]</a> Gamergate is particularly associated with opposition to the influence of so-called <a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">social justice warriors</a> in the gaming industry and media, who are perceived as a threat to traditional gaming culture.<a href="#cite_note-:14-23">[23]</a> As the video-game market grew more diverse, cultural critics became interested in issues of <a href="/wiki/Gender_representation_in_video_games" title="Gender representation in video games">gender representation</a> and identity in games.<a href="#cite_note-Vox-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-29">[29]</a> One prominent feminist critic of the representation of women in gaming is Anita Sarkeesian,<a href="#cite_note-prominent_1-82">[78]</a><a href="#cite_note-prominent_2-83">[79]</a> whose Tropes vs. Women in Video Games project is devoted to female stereotypes in games. Her fundraising campaign and videos were met with hostility and harassment by some gamers. Further incidents raised concerns about <a href="/wiki/Sexism_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexism in video gaming">sexism in video gaming</a>.<a href="#cite_note-Vox-175">[171]</a><a href="#cite_note-Time-29">[29]</a><a href="#cite_note-PolygonFBI-199">[195]</a> Prior to August 2014, escalating harassment prompted the <a href="/wiki/International_Game_Developers_Association" title="International Game Developers Association">International Game Developers Association</a> (IGDA) to provide support groups for harassed developers and to begin discussions with the FBI to help investigate online harassment of game developers.<a href="#cite_note-PolygonFBI-199">[195]</a> In an interview on <a href="/wiki/Comedy_Central" title="Comedy Central">Comedy Central</a>'s program <a href="/wiki/The_Colbert_Report" title="The Colbert Report">The Colbert Report</a>, Sarkeesian said she believes women are targeted because they are "challenging the status quo of gaming as a male-dominated space".<a href="#cite_note-Colbert-200">[196]</a> In late August 2014, shortly after the initial accusations against Grayson and harassment of Quinn, several gaming sites published opinion essays on the controversy that focused on the growing diversity of gaming and the mainstreaming of the medium, some of which included criticism of sexism within gamer culture.<a href="#cite_note-Plunkett-201">[197]</a><a href="#cite_note-Johnston_August_2014-202">[198]</a> These so-called "gamers are dead" articles were seen as part of a conspiracy to undercut traditional gamer identity<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENieborgFoxman2018114-37">[37]</a><a href="#cite_note-Chess_2015-198">[194]</a> and were used by participants to rally support for Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-203">[199]</a> One of these articles, published on <a href="/wiki/Game_Developer_(website)" title="Game Developer (website)">Game Developer</a> and written by <a href="/wiki/Leigh_Alexander_(journalist)" title="Leigh Alexander (journalist)">Leigh Alexander</a>, was titled "Gamers' don't have to be your audience. 'Gamers' are over".<a href="#cite_note-204">[200]</a> Writing for <a href="/wiki/Paste_(magazine)" title="Paste (magazine)">Paste</a>, L. Rhodes said the antagonism in the Gamergate controversy was a result of the industry seeking to widen its customer demographic instead of focusing on core gamers, which Rhodes says "is precisely what videogames needed".<a href="#cite_note-paste_2015-04-20-205">[201]</a> Brendan Keogh of <a href="/wiki/Overland_(magazine)" title="Overland (magazine)">Overland</a> stated that Gamergate "does not represent a marginalised, discriminated identity under attack so much as a hegemonic and normative mainstream being forced to redistribute some of its power".<a href="#cite_note-overland-163">[159]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Misogyny_and_sexism">Misogyny and sexism</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236090951"><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">See also: <a href="/wiki/Sexism_in_video_gaming" class="mw-redirect" title="Sexism in video gaming">Sexism in video gaming</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg/170px-Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="236" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/ef/Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg/255px-Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/ef/Justin_Trudeau_2014-1.jpg 2x" data-file-width="340" data-file-height="471" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Prime Minister of Canada</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> condemned Gamergate and misogyny in video games.</figcaption></figure> Gamergate has been described as an expression of sexism and misogyny within gaming culture; its main themes are opposition to feminism and so-called "social justice warriors", who are perceived as a threat to traditional video games.<a href="#cite_note-:9-3">[3]</a> Women's greater visibility in the gaming industry has seen a corresponding rise in gendered harassment and intimidation directed at them.<a href="#cite_note-Salter-48">[48]</a> Among mainstream journalists, the harassment campaign that became known as Gamergate is considered emblematic of this surge of online misogyny.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENieborgFoxman2018112-206">[202]</a> According to Sarah Kaplan of The Washington Post, "sexism in gaming is a long-documented, much-debated but seemingly intractable problem", and became the crux of the Gamergate controversy.<a href="#cite_note-WaPo-18">[18]</a> Jaime Weinman, writing in <a href="/wiki/Maclean%27s" title="Maclean's">Maclean's</a>, said, "[w]hether it was supposed to be or not, GamerGate is largely about women".<a href="#cite_note-Macleans-207">[203]</a> Discussing Gamergate on her <a href="/wiki/ESPN" title="ESPN">ESPN</a> blog, Jane McManus compared the misogyny that women in the gaming industry experience to that faced by the first women entering sporting communities.<a href="#cite_note-ESPNMcManus-208">[204]</a> In October 2015, <a href="/wiki/Prime_Minister_of_Canada" title="Prime Minister of Canada">Canadian Prime Minister</a> <a href="/wiki/Justin_Trudeau" title="Justin Trudeau">Justin Trudeau</a> described issues like Gamergate and misogyny in video games as "something that we need to stand clearly against".<a href="#cite_note-209">[205]</a> Sexism and misogyny had been identified as problems in the video game industry and online community prior to the events of Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-gdc_misogyny_2012-210">[206]</a><a href="#cite_note-BostonGlobe_Women_Outside-211">[207]</a> Sarkeesian considered that the Internet has a "boys'-locker-room feel" to it, with male users trying to show off to each other which causes escalating cases of harassment in situations like Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_aug2015-179">[175]</a> In March 2014, game designer <a href="/wiki/Cliff_Bleszinski" title="Cliff Bleszinski">Cliff Bleszinski</a> wrote a blog post commenting on the "latent racism, homophobia and misogyny" that existed within the online gaming community.<a href="#cite_note-NYTSuellentrop-164">[160]</a> In a November 2014 interview with <a href="/wiki/Develop_(UK_magazine)" title="Develop (UK magazine)">Develop</a>, Wu said the game industry "has been a boys' club for 30 years", and that the common portrayal of women as "sex symbols and <a href="/wiki/Damsel_in_distress" title="Damsel in distress">damsels in distress</a>" in video games has led to the players taking the same attitudes.<a href="#cite_note-develop_harassment-212">[208]</a> Brendan Sinclair, writing for <a href="/wiki/GamesIndustry.biz" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesIndustry.biz">GamesIndustry.biz</a>, stated that the events of the Gamergate controversy were "reprehensible and saddening" and "this industry has some profound issues in the way it treats women".<a href="#cite_note-gibiz_silver_lining-213">[209]</a> Many commentators have said that the harassment associated with Gamergate springs from this existing well of deep-seated misogyny, and that it was merely brought to the fore by the anonymity of the Internet. <a href="/wiki/Lisa_Nakamura" title="Lisa Nakamura">Lisa Nakamura</a>, a professor of digital studies at the University of Michigan, wrote that Gamergate "showed the world the extent of gaming's misogyny".<a href="#cite_note-214">[210]</a><a href="#cite_note-Nakamura-215">[211]</a> In an interview with the BBC, Quinn stated that "[b]efore [Gamergate] had a name, it was nothing but trying to get me to kill myself, trying to get people to hurt me, going after my family. ... There is no mention of ethics in journalism at all outside of making the same accusation everybody makes towards any successful woman; that clearly she got to where she is because she had sex with someone."<a href="#cite_note-BBCQuinnInterview-78">[74]</a> <a href="/wiki/Danielle_Citron" title="Danielle Citron">Danielle Citron</a> of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a> wrote that the intent of this type of harassment is to demean the victim, make them doubt their own integrity, and to redefine the victim's identity in order to "fundamentally distort who she is".<a href="#cite_note-inc-107">[103]</a> Targets of Gamergate supporters have overwhelmingly been women, even when men were responsible for the supposed wrongdoings. Writing in The New Yorker, Simon Parkin observed that Quinn was attacked while the male journalist who was falsely accused of reviewing their work favorably largely escaped, revealing the campaign as "a pretense to make further harassment of women in the industry permissible".<a href="#cite_note-Parkin-47">[47]</a> In The New York Times, Chris Suellentrop said that a petition sought to have a female colleague fired for criticizing the portrayal of women in Grand Theft Auto V, while he and many other male critics raised similar concerns but did not face similar reprisals.<a href="#cite_note-NYTSuellentrop-164">[160]</a> Most commentators have described Gamergate as consisting largely of white males, though some supporters have said that it includes a notable percentage of women, minorities and LGBT members.<a href="#cite_note-inquisitr-216">[212]</a> Critics of the movement have described it as a kind of misogynistic <a href="/wiki/Terrorism" title="Terrorism">terrorism</a>.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEJane20175-217">[213]</a><a href="#cite_note-Musgrave-218">[214]</a> Writing in The Week, Ryan Cooper called the harassment campaign "an online form of terrorism" intended to reverse a trend in gaming culture toward increasing acceptance of women, and stated that social media platforms need to tighten their policies and protections against threats and abuse.<a href="#cite_note-TheWeek-219">[215]</a> Speaking on <a href="/wiki/Iowa_Public_Radio" title="Iowa Public Radio">Iowa Public Radio</a>, academic Cindy Tekobbe said the harassment campaign was intended to drive women from public spaces and intimidate them into silence.<a href="#cite_note-IPR-220">[216]</a> Prof. Joanne St. Lewis of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Ottawa" title="University of Ottawa">University of Ottawa</a> stated that Gamergate's harassment and threats should be considered acts of terrorism as the perpetrators seek to harm women and to prevent them from speaking back or defending others.<a href="#cite_note-vice_2015-02-13-221">[217]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Law_enforcement">Law enforcement</h3></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg/170px-Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="238" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg/255px-Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/25/Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg/340px-Katherine_clark_june_2014.jpg 2x" data-file-width="389" data-file-height="544" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a>, the U.S. Congresswoman from Massachusetts' 5th District, sought to expand the FBI's ability to take action against cyberharassment similar to that faced by Wu.</figcaption></figure> Though Newsweek reported that the FBI had a file regarding Gamergate, no arrests have been made nor charges filed,<a href="#cite_note-newsweek_FBI-222">[218]</a> and parts of the FBI investigation into the threats had been closed in September 2015 due to a lack of leads.<a href="#cite_note-verge_fbi_closed-95">[91]</a> Former FBI supervisory special agent for cybercrimes, Tim Ryan, stated that cyberharassment cases are a low priority for authorities because it is difficult to track down the perpetrator and they have lower penalties compared to other crimes they are tasked to enforce.<a href="#cite_note-slate_2014-10-17-223">[219]</a> In June 2015, the <a href="/wiki/Supreme_Court_of_the_United_States" title="Supreme Court of the United States">US Supreme Court</a> ruled in <a href="/wiki/Elonis_v._United_States" title="Elonis v. United States">Elonis v. United States</a> that harassing messages sent online are not necessarily <a href="/wiki/True_threat" title="True threat">true threats</a> that would be prosecutable under criminal law and, according to <a href="/wiki/Pacific_Standard" title="Pacific Standard">Pacific Standard</a>, this poses a further challenge in policing Gamergate-related harassment.<a href="#cite_note-psmag_2015-06-04-224">[220]</a> However, the Court's decision also suggested that if threats made over social media were found to be true threats, they should be treated the same as threats made in other forms of communication.<a href="#cite_note-fastcompany_2015-06-02-134">[130]</a> Wu has expressed her frustration over how law enforcement agencies have responded to the threats that she and other women in the game industry have received.<a href="#cite_note-ars_2015-05-21-225">[221]</a> On public release of the FBI's case files on Gamergate, Wu said she was "livid", and that "Only a fraction of information we gave the FBI was looked into. They failed on all levels."<a href="#cite_note-gamesindustyFBIGG-226">[222]</a> The lack of legal enforcement contributes towards the harassers' ability to maintain these activities without any risk of punishment, according to Chrisella Herzog of <a href="/wiki/The_Diplomatic_Courier" title="The Diplomatic Courier">The Diplomatic Courier</a>; at worst, harassers would see their social media accounts suspended but are able to turn around to register new accounts to continue to engage.<a href="#cite_note-DipCour-191">[187]</a> U.S. Representative <a href="/wiki/Katherine_Clark" title="Katherine Clark">Katherine Clark</a>, one of whose constituents was Brianna Wu, called for a stronger response from law enforcement to online abuse, partly as a result of advocacy by the women targeted by Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201753–54-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-Merlan-228">[224]</a> On March 10, 2015, Clark wrote a letter to the <a href="/wiki/House_Appropriations_Committee" class="mw-redirect" title="House Appropriations Committee">House Appropriations Committee</a> asking it to call on the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Department_of_Justice" title="United States Department of Justice">Justice Department</a> to crack down on the harassment of women on the internet, saying the campaign of intimidation associated with Gamergate had highlighted the problem.<a href="#cite_note-clark_2015-03-10-229">[225]</a><a href="#cite_note-verge_2015-03-11-230">[226]</a> She asked the U.S. Department of Justice to "prioritize" online threats against women, saying, "We do not think this a harmless hoax. We think this has real-life implications for women".<a href="#cite_note-Merlan-228">[224]</a> Clark also hosted a Congressional briefing on March 15, along with the Congressional Victims' Rights Caucus to review issues of cyberstalking and online threats; during the briefing, Quinn spoke of her experiences with Gamergate, which an executive director of the <a href="/wiki/National_Coalition_Against_Domestic_Violence" title="National Coalition Against Domestic Violence">National Coalition Against Domestic Violence</a> described during the hearing as "an online hate group ... which was started by an ex-boyfriend to ruin [Quinn's] life".<a href="#cite_note-polygon_2015-04-21-231">[227]</a> On May 27, the <a href="/wiki/United_States_House_of_Representatives" title="United States House of Representatives">United States House of Representatives</a> formally supported Clark's request for increased measures to combat online abuse against women, explicitly pressing for more investigations and prosecutions by the Department of Justice.<a href="#cite_note-wgbh_2015-06-01-232">[228]</a><a href="#cite_note-Salon_2015-05-29-233">[229]</a> On June 2, Rep. Clark introduced the "Prioritizing Online Threat Enforcement Act of 2015" to Congress. The bill would have allocated more funding for the FBI to employ additional agents to enforce laws against <a href="/wiki/Cyberstalking" title="Cyberstalking">cyberstalking</a>, online criminal harassment, and threats.<a href="#cite_note-metrowest_2015-06-04-234">[230]</a><a href="#cite_note-H.R.2602-235">[231]</a><a href="#cite_note-wapo_2015-06-07-236">[232]</a> Two years later, in June 2017, Rep. Clark introduced the "Online Safety Modernization Act of 2017" with co-sponsors Reps. <a href="/wiki/Susan_Brooks" title="Susan Brooks">Susan Brooks</a> (Indiana) and <a href="/wiki/Pat_Meehan" title="Pat Meehan">Pat Meehan</a> (Pennsylvania), which combined several of Clark's previous bills. The bill focused on penalizing "cybercrimes against individuals", including doxing, swatting, and <a href="/wiki/Sextortion" title="Sextortion">sextortion</a>, as well as granting $20 million for law enforcement training to help tackle such crimes, and $4 million to establish the National Resource Center on Cybercrimes Against Individuals in order to study and collect statistics and information related to these crimes.<a href="#cite_note-verge_2017-06-29-237">[233]</a><a href="#cite_note-clark_hr_2017-238">[234]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Gaming_industry_response">Gaming industry response</h2></div> The harassment of Quinn, Sarkeesian, Wu, and others led prominent industry professionals to condemn the Gamergate attacks for damaging the video gaming community and the public perception of the industry.<a href="#cite_note-Straumsheim2015-239">[235]</a><a href="#cite_note-newsweek_2015-05-31-240">[236]</a> <a href="/wiki/Vanity_Fair_(magazine)" title="Vanity Fair (magazine)">Vanity Fair</a>'s Laura Parker stated that the Gamergate situation led those outside of the video game industry to be "flooded with evidence of the video-game community as a poisonous and unwelcoming place", furthering any negative views they may have had of video games.<a href="#cite_note-vanityfair_2015-08-04-241">[237]</a> Independent game developer Andreas Zecher wrote an open letter calling upon the community to take a stand against the attacks, attracting the signatures of more than two thousand professionals within the gaming industry.<a href="#cite_note-BBC-34">[34]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes-196">[192]</a> Many in the industry saw the signatures "as proof that the people sending vicious attacks at Quinn and Sarkeesian weren't representative of the video game industry overall".<a href="#cite_note-NPR-242">[238]</a> Writing for The Guardian, Jenn Frank described the tactics used in the harassment campaign and the <a href="/wiki/Climate_of_fear" class="mw-redirect" title="Climate of fear">climate of fear</a> it generated through its attacks on women and their allies, concluding that this alienating and abusive environment would harm not only women but also the industry as a whole.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianJF-243">[239]</a> Frank herself received significant harassment for writing this article, and announced an intention to quit games journalism as a result.<a href="#cite_note-Vox-175">[171]</a> Games designer Damion Schubert wrote that Gamergate was "an unprecedented catastrof**k [<a href="/wiki/Sic" title="Sic">sic</a>]", and that silencing critiques of games harms games developers by depriving them of feedback.<a href="#cite_note-EscapistSchubertInterview-244">[240]</a> Several video game developers, journalists, and gamers from across various gender, racial, and social backgrounds adopted new Twitter hashtags, such as #<a href="/wiki/INeedDiverseGames" class="mw-redirect" title="INeedDiverseGames">INeedDiverseGames</a>, #StopGamergate2014 and #GamersAgainstGamergate, to show solidarity with the people targeted by the harassment and their opposition to the reactionary messages from Gamergate supporters.<a href="#cite_note-salon_2014-12-23-245">[241]</a><a href="#cite_note-Evans,_Janish_2015-246">[242]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Frontier_Foundation" title="Electronic Frontier Foundation">Electronic Frontier Foundation</a> characterized Gamergate as a "magnet for harassment", and notes the possible financial risk for companies dealing with it on social media platforms.<a href="#cite_note-eff_2015-01-08-247">[243]</a> The Entertainment Software Association (ESA) issued a statement condemning the harassment, stating that "[t]here is no place in the video game community—or our society—for personal attacks and threats".<a href="#cite_note-wapost_esa-248">[244]</a> ESA president Mike Gallagher, speaking at the June 2015 Electronic Entertainment Expo, clarified that the ESA did not become more involved as they felt it was an argument that was outside their industry and their involvement would have been disruptive, but praised the efforts to counter harassment that will benefit the industry in the future.<a href="#cite_note-gamasutra_2015-06-14-249">[245]</a> At <a href="/wiki/BlizzCon" title="BlizzCon">BlizzCon</a> 2014, <a href="/wiki/Blizzard_Entertainment" title="Blizzard Entertainment">Blizzard Entertainment</a> president and co-founder <a href="/wiki/Mike_Morhaime" class="mw-redirect" title="Mike Morhaime">Mike Morhaime</a> denounced recent harassment; blaming a "small group of people [who] have been doing really awful things" and "tarnishing our reputation" as gamers. He called on attendees to treat each other with kindness and demonstrate to the world that the community rejects harassment. His statements were widely interpreted as referring to Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-CNet-250">[246]</a><a href="#cite_note-joystiqblizzcon-251">[247]</a><a href="#cite_note-PCGamerMM-252">[248]</a> CEOs of both the American and European branches of <a href="/wiki/Sony_Computer_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Sony Computer Entertainment">Sony Computer Entertainment</a>, <a href="/wiki/Shawn_Layden" title="Shawn Layden">Shawn Layden</a> and Jim Ryan respectively, said the harassment and bullying were absolutely horrific and that such inappropriate behavior would not be tolerated at Sony.<a href="#cite_note-sony_response-253">[249]</a><a href="#cite_note-venture_sony-254">[250]</a> The Swedish Games Industry issued a statement denouncing the harassment and sexism from Gamergate supporters.<a href="#cite_note-GuardianQvist-255">[251]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Nintendo" title="Nintendo">Nintendo of America</a> denounced Gamergate, calling it "an online hate campaign" and that "Nintendo firmly rejects the harassment of individuals in any way".<a href="#cite_note-256">[252]</a> Responses to Gamergate have encouraged the video game industry to review its treatment of women and minorities, and to make changes to support them.<a href="#cite_note-wapo_3_women-257">[253]</a><a href="#cite_note-Slate_GG2014-258">[254]</a><a href="#cite_note-nightline-259">[255]</a><a href="#cite_note-fortune_august2015-260">[256]</a> Intel, following its accidental involvement in Gamergate, pledged more than $300 million to help support a "Diversity in Technology" program with partners including Sarkeesian's Feminist Frequency organization and the IGDA, aimed at increasing the number of women and minorities in the industry. Intel CEO <a href="/wiki/Brian_Krzanich" title="Brian Krzanich">Brian Krzanich</a> stated in announcing the program that "it's not good enough to say we value diversity, and then have our industry not fully represent".<a href="#cite_note-Polygon_Intel-261">[257]</a><a href="#cite_note-NYTimes_Intel-262">[258]</a><a href="#cite_note-wired_2015-01-07-263">[259]</a> <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Arts" title="Electronic Arts">Electronic Arts</a> (EA) COO <a href="/wiki/Peter_Moore_(businessman)" title="Peter Moore (businessman)">Peter Moore</a> said the controversy made EA pay more attention to diversity and inclusion, telling <a href="/wiki/Fortune_(magazine)" title="Fortune (magazine)">Fortune</a> "[i]f there's been any benefit to Gamergate, ... I think it just makes us think twice at times".<a href="#cite_note-fortune_2015-09-04-264">[260]</a> Speaking about Gamergate harassment to the <a href="/wiki/Seattle_Times" class="mw-redirect" title="Seattle Times">Seattle Times</a>, <a href="/wiki/IGDA" class="mw-redirect" title="IGDA">IGDA</a> executive director Kate Edwards said, "Gaming culture has been pretty misogynistic for a long time now. There's ample evidence of that over and over again ... What we're finally seeing is that it became so egregious that now companies are starting to wake up and say, "We need to stop this. This has got to change."<a href="#cite_note-seattletimes-265">[261]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Electronic_Entertainment_Expo" class="mw-redirect" title="Electronic Entertainment Expo">Electronic Entertainment Expo</a> 2015 included markedly more female protagonists in these new games, as well as more visible presence by women at the event. Some commentators characterized this as a response to Gamergate and a rejection of the misogynistic Gamergate harassment.<a href="#cite_note-RepresentationStrides-266">[262]</a><a href="#cite_note-GamergateFail-267">[263]</a> The game <a href="/wiki/Batman:_Arkham_Knight" title="Batman: Arkham Knight">Batman: Arkham Knight</a>, released in 2015, references Gamergate with the hashtag #CrusaderGate, which the <a href="/wiki/Riddler" title="Riddler">Riddler</a> uses to unsuccessfully try to rally the Internet against Batman; bemoaning its failure, the Riddler describes those who use the hashtag as "idiotic and easily roused rabble".<a href="#cite_note-ArkhamKnightPolygon-268">[264]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Representation_in_media">Representation in media</h2></div> "<a href="/wiki/Intimidation_Game" title="Intimidation Game">Intimidation Game</a>", an episode of the crime television series <a href="/wiki/Law_%26_Order:_Special_Victims_Unit" title="Law & Order: Special Victims Unit">Law & Order: Special Victims Unit</a>, portrays a fictionalized version of Gamergate, including a character whom some observers said resembled Sarkeesian and whose story seemed based on those of women subject to the harassment campaign.<a href="#cite_note-ars_2015-02-12-269">[265]</a><a href="#cite_note-washingtonpost_2015-02-12-270">[266]</a> The 2015 documentary film <a href="/wiki/GTFO_(film)" title="GTFO (film)">GTFO</a> analyzed issues of sexism and harassment in video gaming. The film's director, Shannon Sun-Higginson, stated Gamergate was "a terrible, terrible thing, but it's actually symptomatic of a wider, cultural, systemic problem".<a href="#cite_note-nytimes_2015-03-08-271">[267]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimes_2015-03-13-272">[268]</a> The Gamergate situation was covered as part of a larger topic of online harassment of women in the June 21, 2015, episode of <a href="/wiki/Last_Week_Tonight_with_John_Oliver" title="Last Week Tonight with John Oliver">Last Week Tonight with John Oliver</a>.<a href="#cite_note-time_2015-06-22-273">[269]</a> The impact of the Gamergate controversy on Brianna Wu was the subject of the March 16, 2016, episode of <a href="/wiki/The_Internet_Ruined_My_Life" title="The Internet Ruined My Life">The Internet Ruined My Life</a>.<a href="#cite_note-cnnmoney_2016-03-16-274">[270]</a> In October 2021, Mind Riot Entertainment announced that a fictional series based on Gamergate co-created and co-written by Wu and J. Brad Wilke was in production. The series will focus on the origins of the controversy through the lens of multiple, fictional people in the game industry such as executives, journalists, and indie developers and their subsequent reactions.<a href="#cite_note-275">[271]</a><a href="#cite_note-276">[272]</a> On March 8, 2022, it was announced that <a href="/wiki/Norman_Lear" title="Norman Lear">Norman Lear</a> and <a href="/wiki/Brent_Miller_(producer)" title="Brent Miller (producer)">Brent Miller</a> will be executive producers.<a href="#cite_note-277">[273]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reducing_online_harassment">Reducing online harassment</h2></div> In January 2015, Quinn and Alex Lifschitz created the <a href="/wiki/Crash_Override_Network" title="Crash Override Network">Crash Override Network</a>, a private group of experts who provide free support and counsel to those that have been harassed online, including as a result of Gamergate, and to work with law authorities and social media sites in response to such threats.<a href="#cite_note-CSM_2015-01-20-39">[39]</a><a href="#cite_note-Verge_2015-01-17-40">[40]</a> Software developer Randi Harper founded a similar group, the <a href="/wiki/Online_Abuse_Prevention_Initiative" title="Online Abuse Prevention Initiative">Online Abuse Prevention Initiative</a>, a non-profit organization that also seeks to provide aid to those harassed online.<a href="#cite_note-guardian_2016-04-13-278">[274]</a> Anita Sarkeesian was named as one of <a href="/wiki/Time_(magazine)" title="Time (magazine)">Time</a> magazine's list of the 30 most influential people on the Internet in March 2015, and later in the magazine's Top 100 Most Influential People of 2015, in recognition of her role in highlighting sexism in the video game community in the wake of the Gamergate controversy.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201753–54-227">[223]</a><a href="#cite_note-time_2015-03-05-279">[275]</a><a href="#cite_note-time_2015-04-16-280">[276]</a> She was also highlighted as one of <a href="/wiki/Cosmopolitan_(magazine)" title="Cosmopolitan (magazine)">Cosmopolitan</a>'s fifty "Internet's Most Fascinating" in a 2015 list due to her efforts to curb online harassment.<a href="#cite_note-Filipovic-281">[277]</a> An online abuse panel (itself the subject of controversy) at the 2016 <a href="/wiki/SXSW" class="mw-redirect" title="SXSW">SXSW</a> festival said that there was no technological solution to the problem of harassment given human nature;<a href="#cite_note-SXSW_On-Line_Harassment_Panel-282">[278]</a> although policy changes have been made, the larger issue is more societal than platform-specific.<a href="#cite_note-engadetSXSWSummit-41">[41]</a><a href="#cite_note-RecodeSXSWSummit-42">[42]</a> Referring to the discussion at SXSW in a speech for <a href="/wiki/Women%27s_History_Month" title="Women's History Month">Women's History Month</a>, then-<a href="/wiki/President_of_the_United_States" title="President of the United States">U.S. President</a> <a href="/wiki/Barack_Obama" title="Barack Obama">Barack Obama</a> said that "We know that women gamers face harassment and stalking and threats of violence from other players. When they speak out about their experiences, they're attacked on Twitter and other social media outlets, even threatened in their homes."<a href="#cite_note-obama-283">[279]</a> Obama urged targets of harassment to speak out, praising the courage of those who had resisted online harassment. "And what's brought these issues to light is that there are a lot of women out there, especially young women, who are speaking out bravely about their experiences, even when they know they'll be attacked for it".<a href="#cite_note-obama-283">[279]</a><a href="#cite_note-dailydot_2016-03-18-284">[280]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2></div> The people targeted by Gamergate have continued to be attacked in right-wing media and on men's rights websites, have been forced to limit their public appearances and social media activity, and continue to express frustration with the lack of action taken against their harassers.<a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201751-285">[281]</a> Despite the continued problems, some observers have argued that the video game industry has become more diverse and open to women since Gamergate began.<a href="#cite_note-:17-53">[52]</a> Some figures and tactics associated with Gamergate went on to become components of the alt-right,<a href="#cite_note-:16-1">[1]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alt-right_Component-286">[282]</a><a href="#cite_note-Bernstein_J-287">[283]</a> which featured in the <a href="/wiki/2016_American_presidential_election" class="mw-redirect" title="2016 American presidential election">2016 United States presidential election</a><a href="#cite_note-Alt-right_precursor-288">[284]</a><a href="#cite_note-From_Video_Games_to_Politics-289">[285]</a><a href="#cite_note-Old_Racism,_New_Technology-290">[286]</a><a href="#cite_note-LATimesHollywoodGG-291">[287]</a> and in other more targeted harassment campaigns, such as <a href="/wiki/Learn_to_Code" title="Learn to Code">Learn to Code</a> in early 2019.<a href="#cite_note-Learn_to_code-6">[6]</a> Some commentators have argued that Gamergate helped <a href="/wiki/Donald_Trump_2016_presidential_campaign" title="Donald Trump 2016 presidential campaign">elect Donald Trump as US president in 2016</a> and assisted other right-wing to far-right movements;<a href="#cite_note-:0-43">[43]</a><a href="#cite_note-Sherr_2017-118">[114]</a><a href="#cite_note-:1-292">[288]</a><a href="#cite_note-:7-293">[289]</a> Alyssa Rosenberg called Trump "the Gamergate of Republican politics" in an opinion article for The Washington Post in 2015.<a href="#cite_note-294">[290]</a> Trump's strategist <a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a> remarked that through Milo Yiannopoulos, who rose to fame during Gamergate as the technology journalist for Breitbart News (a news website Bannon co-founded), he had created a generation and an "army" that came in "through Gamergate ... and then get turned onto politics and Trump".<a href="#cite_note-:7-293">[289]</a><a href="#cite_note-295">[291]</a><a href="#cite_note-Alt-right_precursor-288">[284]</a> According to <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>, in the 2022 book Meme Wars, <a href="/wiki/Joan_Donovan" title="Joan Donovan">Joan Donovan</a>, research director at <a href="/wiki/Harvard_University" title="Harvard University">Harvard</a>'s <a href="/wiki/Shorenstein_Center_on_Media,_Politics_and_Public_Policy" title="Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy">Shorenstein Center on Media, Politics and Public Policy</a>, argued that Gamergate served as "The key template that the far right and former President Trump's MAGA movement have used to organize online", noting that during Gamergate, "online mobs deployed techniques and tactics that were later taken up by the <a href="/wiki/Trumpism" title="Trumpism">Trumpist</a> right, including the use of <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">memes</a>, false allegations and coordinated harassment." Donovan also argued that "similar techniques are being used to intimidate and harass entire groups of people, most prominently <a href="/wiki/Transgender_youth" title="Transgender youth">transgender youth</a> and <a href="/wiki/Transgender" title="Transgender">adults</a>."<a href="#cite_note-296">[292]</a> The alt-right's emergence was marked by Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-VoxLessons-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-297">[293]</a><a href="#cite_note-298">[294]</a><a href="#cite_note-299">[295]</a> According to the journalist <a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a>, Gamergate "heralded the rise of the alt-right and provided an early sketch of its primary features: an Internet presence beset by digital trolls, unbridled conspiracism, <a href="/wiki/Angry_white_man" class="mw-redirect" title="Angry white man">angry-white-male-identity</a> victimization culture, and, ultimately, open racism, anti-Semitism, ethnic hatred, misogyny, and sexual and gender paranoia".<a href="#cite_note-:15-44">[44]</a> Gamergate politicized many young people, especially males, in opposition to the perceived culture war being waged by <a href="/wiki/Left-wing_politics" title="Left-wing politics">leftists</a>.<a href="#cite_note-300">[296]</a> Through their shared opposition to political correctness, feminism, and <a href="/wiki/Multiculturalism" title="Multiculturalism">multiculturalism</a>, <a href="/wiki/Imageboard" title="Imageboard">chan</a> culture built a link to the alt-right.<a href="#cite_note-301">[297]</a> By 2015, the alt-right had gained significant momentum as an online movement.<a href="#cite_note-302">[298]</a> According to the <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>, Gamergate is "a manifestation of the so-called 'men's rights movement' that had its origins on the Web site 4chan."<a href="#cite_note-303">[299]</a> The <a href="/wiki/Southern_Poverty_Law_Center" title="Southern Poverty Law Center">Southern Poverty Law Center</a> described Gamergate as an example of <a href="/wiki/Male_supremacy" class="mw-redirect" title="Male supremacy">male supremacy</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:22-304">[300]</a> Gamergate has been compared to the far-right political conspiracy theory <a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a>.<a href="#cite_note-:4-305">[301]</a><a href="#cite_note-:5-306">[302]</a><a href="#cite_note-:6-307">[303]</a> Claire Goforth of The Daily Dot argued that Gamergate helped give birth to QAnon: "Each movement, in its inception, tapped into the collective force of the army of trolls who frequent anonymous message boards. Their tactics are an outgrowth of an online subculture where no prejudice is too shocking, no attack too vicious, no accusation too egregious." and "Like Gamergate, QAnon is toxic and alluring because it clothes trolls and conspiracy theorists in the armor of righteousness. Their chosen enemies' faults are an absolute evil that needs to be excised. Nothing else matters when that's the ultimate goal." Goforth also noted that "While Gamergate was confined to the web, QAnon has crawled out of the screen."<a href="#cite_note-:6-307">[303]</a> Kate Knibbs of Wired called Gamergate "proto-QAnon", saying that both are "ideologically incoherent and loosely organized, seeping across chan boards, forums, and social platforms" and that "it was impossible to tell exactly how many people actually believed what they were saying and how many were trolling."<a href="#cite_note-:4-305">[301]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2015–2018">2015–2018</h3></div> In 2015, Yasmin Kafai, the Chair of the Teaching, Learning, and Leadership division at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Graduate_School_of_Education" title="University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education">University of Pennsylvania Graduate School of Education</a> (Penn GSE), said that "What Gamergate has changed is not the situation for women and minorities in gaming, but it has changed the public perception".<a href="#cite_note-308">[304]</a> In 2016, <a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jeong" title="Sarah Jeong">Sarah Jeong</a> of The Washington Post compared the <a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate conspiracy theory</a> to Gamergate, calling both a "time the darker parts of the Internet have delivered up sustained, orchestrated harassment on the back of a convoluted nest of lies." and claimed that "If we took 'Gamergate' harassment seriously, 'Pizzagate' might never have happened".<a href="#cite_note-309">[305]</a> In May 2017, Sean Murray of TheGamer argued that "The most important thing that Gamergate did was bring the online harassment of women into the public consciousness. That alone is something to be thankful for, but many people went above and beyond."<a href="#cite_note-:8-310">[306]</a> In July 2017, Katherine Cross of <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Beast" title="The Daily Beast">The Daily Beast</a> compared the <a href="/wiki/CNN_Blackmail_Controversy" class="mw-redirect" title="CNN Blackmail Controversy">CNN Blackmail controversy</a> with Gamergate, claiming that "Many of the same tactics and major players that made names for themselves in GamerGate—from Mike Cernovich to <a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Weev</a>—are being used to push a wide-scale harassment campaign against <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a>."<a href="#cite_note-311">[307]</a> In July 2018, <a href="/wiki/Kishonna_Gray" title="Kishonna Gray">Kishonna Gray</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Communication" title="Communication">communication</a> and <a href="/wiki/Gender_studies" title="Gender studies">gender studies</a> researcher, argued that "Gaming culture and games companies have been complicit in the abuse. There's no way that GamerGate could have had the power that it did have without that historical practice of diminishing women. The game industry weaponized GamerGate."<a href="#cite_note-312">[308]</a> Also in July 2018, <a href="/wiki/Vox_(website)" title="Vox (website)">Vox</a> said that Gamergate's "success" "gave many on the extreme right a template for how to attack their perceived enemies" and that "The methods deployed in this ground-zero Gamergate event have since become standard practice for internet mobs wishing to attack seemingly anyone they believe to be a foe."<a href="#cite_note-313">[309]</a> As of 2018, "Not only are Gamergate supporters still active, but its most visible advocates seem to be thriving in the age of President Trump."<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENieborgFoxman2018113-314">[310]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2019">2019</h3></div> In January 2019, Talia Lavin of <a href="/wiki/The_New_Republic" title="The New Republic">The New Republic</a> said that Gamergate was "a public test of weapons online trolls would use to inflict hell on anyone who they perceived as enemies" and that "Its tactics have only grown in sophistication in the intervening years."<a href="#cite_note-Learn_to_code-6">[6]</a> In a retrospective for <a href="/wiki/Slate_(magazine)" title="Slate (magazine)">Slate</a> in August 2019, Evan Urquhart wrote that Gamergate was still active on Reddit and that its members continue to harass journalists. However, Urquhart also commented that Gamergate had not stopped socially-conscious games journalism, efforts to increase diversity in games, or individuals like Quinn and Sarkeesian.<a href="#cite_note-315">[311]</a> In a retrospective for The New York Times, Charlie Warzel said that "Gamergate is occasionally framed as a battle for the soul of the internet between a diverse, progressive set and an angry collection of white males who feel displaced. And it is that, too. But its most powerful legacy is as proof of concept of how to wage a <a href="/wiki/Post-truth_politics" title="Post-truth politics">post-truth information war</a>."<a href="#cite_note-Warzel-316">[312]</a> In a retrospective for <a href="/wiki/TechCrunch" title="TechCrunch">TechCrunch</a>, Jon Evans stated that the mainstream media had not learned how to combat Gamergate-like strategies and criticized coverage from The New York Times in particular.<a href="#cite_note-317">[313]</a> In a retrospective for NPR, <a href="/wiki/Audie_Cornish" title="Audie Cornish">Audie Cornish</a> said that Gamergate "was a warning and a demonstration of how bad actors could abuse the power of social networks to achieve malicious ends."<a href="#cite_note-318">[314]</a> In a retrospective for Polygon in December 2019, Sarkeesian said that "GamerGate's real goals were expressed in the explicit racism, sexism, and transphobia of the <a href="/wiki/Internet_meme" title="Internet meme">memes</a> the movement generated, and the posts its supporters wrote on the message boards where they organized and strategized. Later, the flimsiness of the 'ethics in games journalism' pretense would become a mocking meme signifying a bad faith argument. It would almost be funny, if GamerGate hadn't done so much harm, and caused so much lasting trauma." Sarkeesian also criticized the video game industry's response to Gamergate, saying that "The game industry's silence was shameful".<a href="#cite_note-319">[315]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2020–2021">2020–2021</h3></div> In a retrospective for Vox in January 2020, Aja Romano stated that police, businesses, and social media platforms are still susceptible to Gamergate-like tactics and that they would have to change in order to keep victims safe. Romano also stated that "[Gamergate's] insistence that it was about one thing (ethics in journalism) when it was about something else (harassing women) provided a case study for how extremists would proceed to drive ideological fissures through the foundations of democracy: by building a toxic campaign of hate beneath a veneer of denial."<a href="#cite_note-VoxLessons-7">[7]</a> In September 2020, Kate Knibbs of Wired compared the backlash to the 2020 film <a href="/wiki/Cuties" title="Cuties">Cuties</a> with Gamergate, claiming that people were "using tactics favored by Gamergate like review bombing, online harassment, and calls for boycotts."<a href="#cite_note-:4-305">[301]</a> In the <a href="/wiki/Aftermath_of_the_2021_storming_of_the_United_States_Capitol" class="mw-redirect" title="Aftermath of the 2021 storming of the United States Capitol">aftermath</a> of the <a href="/wiki/2021_United_States_Capitol_attack" class="mw-redirect" title="2021 United States Capitol attack">2021 United States Capitol attack</a>, Brianna Wu said that "everything I tried to get the FBI to act on in the aftermath of GamerGate has now come true ... We told people that if social media companies like Facebook and Reddit did not tighten their policies about these communities of organized hate, that we were going to see violent insurrection in the United States ... We told people that these communities were organizing online for violence and extremism. That, unfortunately, has proven to be true."<a href="#cite_note-VoxLessons-7">[7]</a><a href="#cite_note-320">[316]</a> Donovan said that key figures in Gamergate worked to raise online fury ahead of the attack.<a href="#cite_note-321">[317]</a> In August 2021, <a href="/wiki/Jen_Golbeck" title="Jen Golbeck">Jen Golbeck</a>, a computer scientist and professor at the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Maryland,_College_Park" title="University of Maryland, College Park">University of Maryland</a>, said that "The important lasting, lingering impact of [Gamergate] was it was one of the first grass-roots campaigns of harassment that had no real consequences for the people who did it".<a href="#cite_note-Anders_2021-98">[94]</a> In October 2021, Andrew Paul of Input magazine said that Gamergate "is largely considered one of the biggest influences for today's spread of misinformation, unhinged online conspiracy movements, and right-wing reactionary trends." and that "Some of the most effective methods of weaponizing <a href="/wiki/Meme" title="Meme">memes</a> got their start within the Gamergate movement, along with doxxing tactics and harassment strategies."<a href="#cite_note-322">[318]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="2022–present">2022–present</h3></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1251242444"><table class="box-Over-quotation plainlinks metadata ambox ambox-style" role="presentation"><tbody><tr><td class="mbox-image"><div class="mbox-image-div"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/40px-Edit-clear.svg.png" decoding="async" width="40" height="40" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/60px-Edit-clear.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/f/f2/Edit-clear.svg/80px-Edit-clear.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="48" data-file-height="48" /></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This section contains <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Manual_of_Style#Quotations" title="Wikipedia:Manual of Style">overly lengthy quotations</a>. Please help <a class="external text" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)&action=edit">summarize the quotations</a>. Consider transferring direct quotations to <a href="https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" class="extiw" title="q:Special:Search/Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Wikiquote</a> or excerpts to <a href="https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Special:Search/Gamergate_(harassment_campaign)" class="extiw" title="s:Special:Search/Gamergate (harassment campaign)">Wikisource</a>. (July 2023)</div></td></tr></tbody></table> In April 2022, David Emery of <a href="/wiki/Snopes" title="Snopes">Snopes.com</a> said that Gamergate is "considered by many a watershed event in the ascendancy of extremist personalities and tactics to online prominence" and that "Gamergate is regarded as emblematic of the deeply rooted sexist and reactionary attitudes observed not only in the male-dominated gaming industry of that time, but across the internet at large."<a href="#cite_note-:2-5">[5]</a> Also in April, Caroline Sinders, a research fellow at the <a href="/wiki/Center_for_Democracy_and_Technology" title="Center for Democracy and Technology">Center for Democracy and Technology</a>, said that "Gamergate, for a lot of people, for mainstream culture, was the introduction to what doxxing is".<a href="#cite_note-:02-323">[319]</a> In May 2022, <a href="/wiki/Elle_Reeve" title="Elle Reeve">Elle Reeve</a> of <a href="/wiki/CNN" title="CNN">CNN</a> said that Gamergate resulted in a "massive wave of young people enter[ing] what had been an old man's world of <a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a>."<a href="#cite_note-324">[320]</a> Also in May, Katherine Denkinson of <a href="/wiki/The_Independent" title="The Independent">The Independent</a> compared the backlash against <a href="/wiki/Amber_Heard" title="Amber Heard">Amber Heard</a> and her supporters in her then-<a href="/wiki/Depp_v._Heard" title="Depp v. Heard">ongoing trial</a> against <a href="/wiki/Johnny_Depp" title="Johnny Depp">Johnny Depp</a> with Gamergate, claiming that "the anti-Amber train has been expertly commandeered by the alt-right.", while noting that Gamergate "was quickly co-opted by the alt-right to promote anti-feminist rhetoric."<a href="#cite_note-325">[321]</a> In November 2022, Brendan Sinclair of <a href="/wiki/GamesIndustry.biz" class="mw-redirect" title="GamesIndustry.biz">GamesIndustry.biz</a> argued that Gamergate was a test to see "how much pushback a decentralized hate movement" would receive from the video game industry and condemned the industry's response to Gamergate as "Decry[ing] the tactics instead of the motivation". Sinclair attributed the video game industry's poor response to Gamergate and other forms of harassment "to cowardice and greed, a reluctance to take sides in any kind of argument lest they alienate potential customers.", as well as the industry's inability to properly treat "abuse and misogyny within its own ranks". Sinclair also noted that "in the years since Gamergate, we've seen a new golden age for conspiracy theories, disinformation and harassment campaigns, and unapologetic <a href="/wiki/Fascism" title="Fascism">fascism</a> and racism as mainstream political views."<a href="#cite_note-326">[322]</a> Also in November 2022, Stacey Henley of TheGamer argued that "Gamergate has been one of the biggest lightning rods in political recruitment of the internet era, perhaps the single-largest. What's crucial is that the people involved never cared about Gamergate in the first place. [...] All they cared about was being abusive to women." Henley also argued that "The blackpill movement, AKA the <a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">incels</a>, also has deep roots in Gamergate." Henley concluded his article by saying that "For a campaign that wanted to take politics out of gaming, Gamergate has injected gaming deep into the veins of our politics."<a href="#cite_note-327">[323]</a> In June 2023, Alyssa Mercante of Kotaku argued that "Gaming was ripe for [Gamergate]", as the marginalization of women in games and the game industry, "[coupled] with the lack of safeguards for women and other vulnerable groups on social platforms and it's not surprising that the industry became a nexus of very bad behavior." Mercante also argued that <a href="/wiki/Gaming_convention" title="Gaming convention">video game conventions</a> in particular continue to be "hotbeds of sexualized abuse".<a href="#cite_note-328">[324]</a> Also in June 2023, Miles Klee of <a href="/wiki/Rolling_Stone" title="Rolling Stone">Rolling Stone</a> compared contemporary backlash against "<a href="/wiki/Woke" title="Woke">woke</a>" corporations, such as <a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard" title="Activision Blizzard">Activision Blizzard</a> celebrating <a href="/wiki/Pride_Month" title="Pride Month">Pride Month</a>, to the backlash against "social justice warriors" during Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-329">[325]</a> David DePape, who had <a href="/wiki/Attack_on_Paul_Pelosi" title="Attack on Paul Pelosi">attacked Paul Pelosi</a>, <a href="/wiki/Nancy_Pelosi" title="Nancy Pelosi">Nancy Pelosi</a>'s husband, in October 2022, asserted in his trial that part of his turn to the far-right was his involvement with Gamergate.<a href="#cite_note-330">[326]</a><a href="#cite_note-SFGate_What_to_know-331">[327]</a> In March 2024, the online backlash to narrative development studio <a href="/wiki/Sweet_Baby_Inc." title="Sweet Baby Inc.">Sweet Baby Inc.</a> was compared to Gamergate by media outlets, being dubbed "Gamergate 2.0" by <a href="/wiki/The_Week" title="The Week">The Week</a>,<a href="#cite_note-332">[328]</a> <a href="/wiki/Wired_(magazine)" title="Wired (magazine)">Wired</a>,<a href="#cite_note-333">[329]</a> and <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>.<a href="#cite_note-334">[330]</a> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a> – Movement against progressivism in the comics industry</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a> – Collection of masculist websites and forums</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ligue_du_LOL" title="Ligue du LOL">Ligue du LOL</a> – French Facebook group accused of coordinated harassment using social media</li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_-gate_scandals_and_controversies" title="List of -gate scandals and controversies">List of -gate scandals and controversies</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Notes">Notes</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist reflist-lower-alpha"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-pronouns-52"><a href="#cite_ref-pronouns_52-0">^</a> Quinn uses <a href="/wiki/They/them_pronouns" class="mw-redirect" title="They/them pronouns">they/them pronouns</a>.<a href="#cite_note-SingularThey-51">[51]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-58"><a href="#cite_ref-58">^</a> Gjoni initially published the post on the video-game sites <a href="/wiki/Penny_Arcade" title="Penny Arcade">Penny Arcade</a> and <a href="/wiki/Something_Awful" title="Something Awful">Something Awful</a>. After it was removed by the sites' moderators, Gjoni published "The Zoe Post" via the blogging platform WordPress.<a href="#cite_note-Jason-57">[56]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-62"><a href="#cite_ref-62">^</a> Gjoni later blamed the insinuation on a typographical error.<a href="#cite_note-Jane-20">[20]</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-73"><a href="#cite_ref-73">^</a> Baldwin, known for his right-wing political views,<a href="#cite_note-70">[67]</a> tweeted the hashtag #GamerGate near the end of August alongside a pair of videos promoting the "Quinnspiracy" by a YouTube user called Internet Aristocrat.<a href="#cite_note-71">[68]</a> He would later tell an interviewer that "leftists" were imposing "political crap" on gamers.<a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201745-72">[69]</a> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239543626"><div class="reflist reflist-columns references-column-width" style="column-width: 30em;"> <ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-:16-1">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:16_1-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_1-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:16_1-2">c</a> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFMortensenSihvonen2020" class="citation cs2">Mortensen, Torill Elvira; Sihvonen, Tanja (2020), Holt, Thomas J.; Bossler, Adam M. 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Boston.com. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141020162246/http://www.boston.com/news/local/massachusetts/2014/10/11/video-game-developer-twitter-rape-death-threats-forced-from-home/FjC4cjeqwEDxWFeeVpyWSP/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on October 20, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston.com&rft.atitle=Video+Game+Developer%3A+Twitter+Rape%2C+Death+Threats+Forced+Me+From+Home&rft.date=2014-10-11&rft.aulast=Caesar&rft.aufirst=Chris&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.boston.com%2Fnews%2Flocal%2Fmassachusetts%2F2014%2F10%2F11%2Fvideo-game-developer-twitter-rape-death-threats-forced-from-home%2FFjC4cjeqwEDxWFeeVpyWSP%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-GlobeFeature-12">^ <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeFeature_12-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-GlobeFeature_12-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTeitellBorchers2014" class="citation news cs1">Teitell, Beth; Borchers, Callum (October 29, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/style/2014/10/29/threatening-video-gaming-industry-movement-grows-arlington-game-developer-forced-flee-her-home/BRHwDSGjMsSnHquH9jYQIJ/story.html">"GamerGate anger at women all too real for gamemaker"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150214221026/http://www.bostonglobe.com/lifestyle/style/2014/10/29/threatening-video-gaming-industry-movement-grows-arlington-game-developer-forced-flee-her-home/BRHwDSGjMsSnHquH9jYQIJ/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=GamerGate+anger+at+women+all+too+real+for+gamemaker&rft.date=2014-10-29&rft.aulast=Teitell&rft.aufirst=Beth&rft.au=Borchers%2C+Callum&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Flifestyle%2Fstyle%2F2014%2F10%2F29%2Fthreatening-video-gaming-industry-movement-grows-arlington-game-developer-forced-flee-her-home%2FBRHwDSGjMsSnHquH9jYQIJ%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:11-13">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_13-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_13-1">b</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalter2017">Salter (2017)</a>, p. 44; <a href="#CITEREFJane2017">Jane (2017)</a>, p. 30; <a href="#CITEREFMassanari2017">Massanari (2017)</a>, p. 316; <a href="#CITEREFMantilla2015">Mantilla (2015)</a>, p. 84 </li> <li id="cite_note-Nieborg_&_Foxman-14">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nieborg_&_Foxman_14-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nieborg_&_Foxman_14-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNieborgFoxman2018" class="citation book cs1">Nieborg, David; Foxman, Maxwell (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=rRBMDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">"Mainstreaming Misogyny: The Beginning of the End and the End of the Beginning in Gamergate Coverage"</a>. In Vickery, J.R.; Everbach, T. (eds.). Mediating Misogyny: Gender, Technology, and Harassment. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 116. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-31-972916-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-31-972916-9"><bdi>978-3-31-972916-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050619/https://books.google.com/books?id=rRBMDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. 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The Christian Science Monitor. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141125205855/http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Tech-Culture/2014/1125/Gamergate-and-the-new-horde-of-digital-saboteurs">Archived</a> from the original on November 25, 2014. Retrieved November 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Gamergate+and+the+new+horde+of+digital+saboteurs&rft.date=2014-11-25&rft.aulast=E%C3%B6rd%C3%B6gh&rft.aufirst=Fruzsina&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FInnovation%2FTech-Culture%2F2014%2F1125%2FGamergate-and-the-new-horde-of-digital-saboteurs&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-dot-17">^ <a href="#cite_ref-dot_17-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dot_17-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dot_17-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dot_17-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dot_17-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-dot_17-5">f</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2014" class="citation web cs1">Romano, Aja (August 20, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailydot.com/geek/zoe-quinn-depression-quest-gaming-sex-scandal/">"The sexist crusade to destroy game developer Zoe Quinn"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Dot" title="The Daily Dot">The Daily Dot</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140902230229/http://www.dailydot.com/geek/zoe-quinn-depression-quest-gaming-sex-scandal/">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2014. 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Retrieved September 14, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=With+%23GamerGate%2C+the+video-game+industry%27s+growing+pains+go+viral&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Kaplan&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2014%2F09%2F12%2Fwith-gamergate-the-video-game-industrys-growing-pains-go-viral%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Massanari_2017-19">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Massanari_2017_19-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massanari_2017_19-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massanari_2017_19-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massanari_2017_19-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Massanari_2017_19-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMassanari2017" class="citation book cs1">Massanari, Adrienne L. 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An Explainer for Non-Geeks"</a>. Gawker. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180628145601/http://gawker.com/what-is-gamergate-and-why-an-explainer-for-non-geeks-1642909080">Archived</a> from the original on June 28, 2018. 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Retrieved March 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SXSW%27s+online+harassment+summit+was+a+peaceful+look+at+an+ugly+problem&rft.pub=Endgadget&rft.date=2016-03-13&rft.aulast=Ingraham&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.engadget.com%2F2016%2F03%2F12%2Fsxsw-online-harassment-summit%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-RecodeSXSWSummit-42">^ <a href="#cite_ref-RecodeSXSWSummit_42-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-RecodeSXSWSummit_42-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKulwin2016" class="citation web cs1">Kulwin, Noah (March 12, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://recode.net/2016/03/12/sxsw-online-harassment-summit-how-widespread-is-internet-hate-and-what-can-we-do-about-it/">"SXSW Online Harassment Summit: How Widespread Is Internet Hate and What Can We Do About It?"</a>. re/code. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160314122958/http://recode.net/2016/03/12/sxsw-online-harassment-summit-how-widespread-is-internet-hate-and-what-can-we-do-about-it/">Archived</a> from the original on March 14, 2016. Retrieved March 14, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=SXSW+Online+Harassment+Summit%3A+How+Widespread+Is+Internet+Hate+and+What+Can+We+Do+About+It%3F&rft.pub=re%2Fcode&rft.date=2016-03-12&rft.aulast=Kulwin&rft.aufirst=Noah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Frecode.net%2F2016%2F03%2F12%2Fsxsw-online-harassment-summit-how-widespread-is-internet-hate-and-what-can-we-do-about-it%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:0-43">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:0_43-4">e</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiberg2017" class="citation web cs1">Maiberg, Emanuel (February 9, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/en/article/bm5wd4/under-trump-gamergate-can-stop-pretending-it-was-about-games">"Under Trump, Gamergate Can Stop Pretending It Was About Games"</a>. Vice News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213095723/https://www.vice.com/en/article/bm5wd4/under-trump-gamergate-can-stop-pretending-it-was-about-games">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice+News&rft.atitle=Under+Trump%2C+Gamergate+Can+Stop+Pretending+It+Was+About+Games&rft.date=2017-02-09&rft.aulast=Maiberg&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fen%2Farticle%2Fbm5wd4%2Funder-trump-gamergate-can-stop-pretending-it-was-about-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:15-44">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:15_44-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:15_44-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeiwert2017" class="citation book cs1">Neiwert, David (2017). Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump. London: Verso. p. 215. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78663-423-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78663-423-8"><bdi>978-1-78663-423-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alt-America%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Radical+Right+in+the+Age+of+Trump&rft.place=London&rft.pages=215&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78663-423-8&rft.aulast=Neiwert&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Kidd_&_Turner-45"><a href="#cite_ref-Kidd_&_Turner_45-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKiddTurner2016" class="citation book cs1">Kidd, Dustin; Turner, Amanda J. 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(2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=ZX5ZDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">Mass Communication: Living in a Media World</a> (6th ed.). SAGE Publications. p. 375. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-50-634446-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-50-634446-1"><bdi>978-1-50-634446-1</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050627/https://books.google.com/books?id=ZX5ZDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. 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Crime, Justice and Social Media. New York: Routledge. p. 43. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-13-891966-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-13-891966-2"><bdi>978-1-13-891966-2</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050628/https://books.google.com/books?id=jDolDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. 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Santa Barbara, Calif.: Praeger. p. 83. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-44-083317-5" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-44-083317-5"><bdi>978-1-44-083317-5</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050622/https://books.google.com/books?id=kKNZCgAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. 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Retrieved August 17, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Zo%C3%AB+Quinn+accuses+%27Night+in+the+Woods%27+game+developer+and+ex-partner+Alec+Holowka+of+harassment+and+abuse&rft.date=2019-08-27&rft.aulast=Prokos&rft.aufirst=Hayley&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fzoe-quinn-accuses-night-woods-game-developer-ex-partner-alec-holowka-harassment-abuse-1456452&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:17-53">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-2">c</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-3">d</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-4">e</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-5">f</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:17_53-6">g</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreengard2023" class="citation web cs1">Greengard, Samuel (May 18, 2023). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gamergate-campaign">"Gamergate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230613045434/https://www.britannica.com/topic/Gamergate-campaign">Archived</a> from the original on June 13, 2023. 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Sociology Compass. 11 (3): e12458. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1111%2Fsoc4.12458">10.1111/soc4.12458</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1751-9020">1751-9020</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:151398094">151398094</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210718223054/https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/soc4.12458">Archived</a> from the original on July 18, 2021. 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No. May 2015 issue. pp. 102–. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0006-7989">0006-7989</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150428095317/http://www.bostonmagazine.com/news/article/2015/04/28/gamergate/">Archived</a> from the original on April 28, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Boston&rft.atitle=Game+of+Fear&rft.issue=May+2015+issue&rft.pages=102-&rft.date=2015-04-28&rft.issn=0006-7989&rft.aulast=Jason&rft.aufirst=Zachary&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonmagazine.com%2Fnews%2Farticle%2F2015%2F04%2F28%2Fgamergate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEJane201729–30-59"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEJane201729–30_59-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFJane2017">Jane (2017)</a>, pp. 29–30. </li> <li id="cite_note-:12-60"><a href="#cite_ref-:12_60-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockterman2014" class="citation magazine cs1">Dockterman, Eliana (October 16, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3510381/gamergate-faq/">"What Is #GamerGate and Why Are Women Being Threatened About Video Games?"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20220710193442/https://time.com/3510381/gamergate-faq/">Archived</a> from the original on July 10, 2022. Retrieved July 10, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=What+Is+%23GamerGate+and+Why+Are+Women+Being+Threatened+About+Video+Games%3F&rft.date=2014-10-16&rft.aulast=Dockterman&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3510381%2Fgamergate-faq%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-pcmag_about_gg-61">^ <a href="#cite_ref-pcmag_about_gg_61-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-pcmag_about_gg_61-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSteele2014" class="citation web cs1">Steele, Chandra (October 21, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.pcmag.com/article2/0,2817,2470723,00.asp">"Everything You Never Wanted to Know About GamerGate"</a>. <a href="/wiki/PC_Magazine" class="mw-redirect" title="PC Magazine">PC Magazine</a>. <a href="/wiki/Ziff_Davis" title="Ziff Davis">Ziff Davis</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141023193242/http://www.pcmag.com/article2/0%2C2817%2C2470723%2C00.asp">Archived</a> from the original on October 23, 2014. 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Retrieved June 16, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Review+of+Books&rft.atitle=Digital+Journalism%3A+The+Next+Generation&rft.issue=June+25%2C+2015&rft.date=2015-06&rft.issn=0028-7504&rft.aulast=Massing&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nybooks.com%2Farticles%2Farchives%2F2015%2Fjun%2F25%2Fdigital-journalism-next-generation%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Shaw_&_Chess_2016-68"><a href="#cite_ref-Shaw_&_Chess_2016_68-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFShawChess2016" class="citation book cs1">Shaw, Adrienne; Chess, Shira (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=525yCwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">"Reflections on the casual games market in a post-GamerGate world"</a>. 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Interviewed by Dave Lee. BBC News. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141030184058/http://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29821050">Archived</a> from the original on October 30, 2014. 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Routledge. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-3174-3707-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-3174-3707-9"><bdi>978-1-3174-3707-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170102103216/https://books.google.com/books?id=wIr4CgAAQBAJ&lpg=PT166&dq=%22prominent%22%20anita%20sarkeesian&pg=PT166">Archived</a> from the original on January 2, 2017. Retrieved January 1, 2021. <q>According to Anita Sarkeesian (2014), a prominent feminist critic of video games ...</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Gender+at+Work%3A+Theory+and+Practice+for+21st+Century+Organizations&rft.pub=Routledge&rft.date=2015&rft.isbn=978-1-3174-3707-9&rft.aulast=Rao&rft.aufirst=Aruna&rft.au=Sandler%2C+Joanne&rft.au=Kelleher%2C+David&rft.au=Miller%2C+Carol&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DwIr4CgAAQBAJ%26q%3D%2522prominent%2522%2520Anita%2520Sarkeesian%26pg%3DPT166&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988">[<a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Citing_sources" title="Wikipedia:Citing sources">page needed</a>] </li> <li id="cite_note-prominent_2-83">^ <a href="#cite_ref-prominent_2_83-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-prominent_2_83-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFReed2014" class="citation book cs1">Reed, T.V (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=zqHAAwAAQBAJ&q=%22prominent%22%20Anita%20Sarkeesian&pg=PA153">Digitized Lives: Culture, Power, and Social Change in the Internet Era</a>. 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Retrieved October 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=BBC+News&rft.atitle=Feminist+video-games+talk+cancelled+after+massacre+threat&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft.aulast=Kelion&rft.aufirst=Leo&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bbc.com%2Fnews%2Ftechnology-29626809&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-venturebeat_mainstream-92"><a href="#cite_ref-venturebeat_mainstream_92-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakahasi2014" class="citation web cs1">Takahasi, Dean (October 31, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2014/10/31/the-deanbeat-like-it-or-hate-it-gamergate-isnt-losing-steam/">"The DeanBeat: Like it or hate it, #GamerGate isn't losing steam"</a>. VentureBeat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150804105637/http://venturebeat.com/2014/10/31/the-deanbeat-like-it-or-hate-it-gamergate-isnt-losing-steam/">Archived</a> from the original on August 4, 2015. Retrieved August 18, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VentureBeat&rft.atitle=The+DeanBeat%3A+Like+it+or+hate+it%2C+%23GamerGate+isn%27t+losing+steam&rft.date=2014-10-31&rft.aulast=Takahasi&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2014%2F10%2F31%2Fthe-deanbeat-like-it-or-hate-it-gamergate-isnt-losing-steam%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-HJFBI-93"><a href="#cite_ref-HJFBI_93-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOpsahl2014" class="citation news cs1">Opsahl, Kevin (December 13, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://news.hjnews.com/allaccess/usu-awaits-fbi-report-on-sarkeesian-death-threat/article_87f4d88c-8332-11e4-80f4-5f738c57bca5.html">"USU awaits FBI report on Sarkeesian death threat"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Herald_Journal" title="The Herald Journal">The Herald Journal</a>. Logan, Utah. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141222091422/http://news.hjnews.com/allaccess/usu-awaits-fbi-report-on-sarkeesian-death-threat/article_87f4d88c-8332-11e4-80f4-5f738c57bca5.html">Archived</a> from the original on December 22, 2014. Retrieved January 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Herald+Journal&rft.atitle=USU+awaits+FBI+report+on+Sarkeesian+death+threat&rft.date=2014-12-13&rft.aulast=Opsahl&rft.aufirst=Kevin&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fnews.hjnews.com%2Fallaccess%2Fusu-awaits-fbi-report-on-sarkeesian-death-threat%2Farticle_87f4d88c-8332-11e4-80f4-5f738c57bca5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FBI_2017Jan27-94"><a href="#cite_ref-FBI_2017Jan27_94-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://vault.fbi.gov/gamergate/Gamergate%20Part%2001%20of%2001/view">"Gamergate – Part 01 of 01"</a> (<a href="/wiki/PDF" title="PDF">PDF</a>). FBI Vault. <a href="/wiki/Federal_Bureau_of_Investigation" title="Federal Bureau of Investigation">Federal Bureau of Investigation</a>. January 27, 2017. pp. 167–169. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126203826/https://vault.fbi.gov/gamergate/Gamergate%20Part%2001%20of%2001/view">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=FBI+Vault&rft.atitle=Gamergate+%E2%80%93+Part+01+of+01&rft.pages=167-169&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fvault.fbi.gov%2Fgamergate%2FGamergate%2520Part%252001%2520of%252001%2Fview&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-verge_fbi_closed-95">^ <a href="#cite_ref-verge_fbi_closed_95-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-verge_fbi_closed_95-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobertson2017" class="citation web cs1">Robertson, Adi (January 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2017/1/27/14412594/fbi-gamergate-harassment-threat-investigation-records-release">"The FBI has released its Gamergate investigation records"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170127184556/http://www.theverge.com/2017/1/27/14412594/fbi-gamergate-harassment-threat-investigation-records-release">Archived</a> from the original on January 27, 2017. Retrieved January 27, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+FBI+has+released+its+Gamergate+investigation+records&rft.date=2017-01-27&rft.aulast=Robertson&rft.aufirst=Adi&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2017%2F1%2F27%2F14412594%2Ffbi-gamergate-harassment-threat-investigation-records-release&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wu_reward-96"><a href="#cite_ref-wu_reward_96-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWeber2014" class="citation web cs1">Weber, Rachel (November 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-03-wu-offers-usd11k-for-harassment-conviction">"Wu offers $11K for harassment conviction"</a>. GamesIndustry.biz. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141106033833/http://www.gamesindustry.biz/articles/2014-11-03-wu-offers-usd11k-for-harassment-conviction">Archived</a> from the original on November 6, 2014. Retrieved November 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GamesIndustry.biz&rft.atitle=Wu+offers+%2411K+for+harassment+conviction&rft.date=2014-11-03&rft.aulast=Weber&rft.aufirst=Rachel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamesindustry.biz%2Farticles%2F2014-11-03-wu-offers-usd11k-for-harassment-conviction&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-csm_20160411-97"><a href="#cite_ref-csm_20160411_97-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFEaton2016" class="citation news cs1">Eaton, Joshua (April 11, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Passcode/2016/0411/Rep.-Katherine-Clark-s-crusade-against-the-Internet-s-tormentors">"Rep. Katherine Clark's crusade against the Internet's tormentors"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Christian_Science_Monitor" title="The Christian Science Monitor">The Christian Science Monitor</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160412211354/http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Passcode/2016/0411/Rep.-Katherine-Clark-s-crusade-against-the-Internet-s-tormentors">Archived</a> from the original on April 12, 2016. Retrieved April 13, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Christian+Science+Monitor&rft.atitle=Rep.+Katherine+Clark%27s+crusade+against+the+Internet%27s+tormentors&rft.date=2016-04-11&rft.aulast=Eaton&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.csmonitor.com%2FWorld%2FPasscode%2F2016%2F0411%2FRep.-Katherine-Clark-s-crusade-against-the-Internet-s-tormentors&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Anders_2021-98">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Anders_2021_98-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Anders_2021_98-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAnders2021" class="citation news cs1">Anders, Caroline (August 5, 2021). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/08/05/gamergate-threats-brianna-wu/">"GamerGaters inundated her with death threats. Now some are apologizing — and she forgives them"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210918080432/https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2021/08/05/gamergate-threats-brianna-wu/">Archived</a> from the original on September 18, 2021. Retrieved August 8, 2021. <q>[T]hough the apologies are outpaced 10-to-1 by insults and continued harassment, she says she nearly always forgives those who apologize.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=GamerGaters+inundated+her+with+death+threats.+Now+some+are+apologizing+%E2%80%94+and+she+forgives+them&rft.date=2021-08-05&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Anders&rft.aufirst=Caroline&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnation%2F2021%2F08%2F05%2Fgamergate-threats-brianna-wu%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-JeongGarbage-99"><a href="#cite_ref-JeongGarbage_99-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeong2018" class="citation book cs1"><a href="/wiki/Sarah_Jeong" title="Sarah Jeong">Jeong, Sarah</a> (August 2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20231025101210/https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/12599893/The_Internet_of_Garbage.0.pdf">The Internet of Garbage</a> (PDF) (1.5 ed.). <a href="/wiki/Vox_Media" title="Vox Media">Vox Media</a>. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-692-18121-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-692-18121-8"><bdi>978-0-692-18121-8</bdi></a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cdn.vox-cdn.com/uploads/chorus_asset/file/12599893/The_Internet_of_Garbage.0.pdf">the original</a> (PDF) on October 25, 2023 – via <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <q>The SJW moniker seems to come from the belief that people who criticize video games for a lack of diversity are the enemy—a kind of cultural juggernaut with a supposed chokehold on the media, which must be forcefully opposed. Gamergate as a force is aligned against everyone they perceive to be SJWs.</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Internet+of+Garbage&rft.pages=16&rft.edition=1.5&rft.pub=Vox+Media&rft.date=2018-08&rft.isbn=978-0-692-18121-8&rft.aulast=Jeong&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fcdn.vox-cdn.com%2Fuploads%2Fchorus_asset%2Ffile%2F12599893%2FThe_Internet_of_Garbage.0.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-100"><a href="#cite_ref-100">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFOhlheiser2015" class="citation news cs1">Ohlheiser, Abby (October 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/10/07/why-social-justice-warrior-a-gamergate-insult-is-now-a-dictionary-entry/">"Why 'social justice warrior,' a Gamergate insult, is now a dictionary entry"</a>. The Washington Post. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0190-8286">0190-8286</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170126171340/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/10/07/why-social-justice-warrior-a-gamergate-insult-is-now-a-dictionary-entry/">Archived</a> from the original on January 26, 2017. Retrieved June 19, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Why+%27social+justice+warrior%2C%27+a+Gamergate+insult%2C+is+now+a+dictionary+entry&rft.date=2015-10-07&rft.issn=0190-8286&rft.aulast=Ohlheiser&rft.aufirst=Abby&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-intersect%2Fwp%2F2015%2F10%2F07%2Fwhy-social-justice-warrior-a-gamergate-insult-is-now-a-dictionary-entry%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FishPaste-101">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FishPaste_101-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-FishPaste_101-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVorel2014" class="citation news cs1">Vorel, Jim (August 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006084021/http://www.pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/08/fez-creator-phil-fish-and-polytron-corporation-hac-1.html">"Fez Creator Phil Fish and Polytron Corporation Hacked, Doxxed"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Paste_(magazine)" title="Paste (magazine)">Paste</a>. <a href="/wiki/Wolfgang%27s_Vault" class="mw-redirect" title="Wolfgang's Vault">Wolfgang's Vault</a>. Archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pastemagazine.com/articles/2014/08/fez-creator-phil-fish-and-polytron-corporation-hac-1.html">the original</a> on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Paste&rft.atitle=Fez+Creator+Phil+Fish+and+Polytron+Corporation+Hacked%2C+Doxxed&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.aulast=Vorel&rft.aufirst=Jim&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpastemagazine.com%2Farticles%2F2014%2F08%2Ffez-creator-phil-fish-and-polytron-corporation-hac-1.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-BI-102"><a href="#cite_ref-BI_102-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLevy2014" class="citation web cs1">Levy, Karyne (September 2, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.businessinsider.com/fed-up-game-developers-sign-open-letter-2014-9">"Game Developers Are Finally Stepping Up To Change Their Hate-Filled Industry"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Business_Insider" title="Business Insider">Business Insider</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140905042227/http://www.businessinsider.com/fed-up-game-developers-sign-open-letter-2014-9">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2014. Retrieved September 7, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Business+Insider&rft.atitle=Game+Developers+Are+Finally+Stepping+Up+To+Change+Their+Hate-Filled+Industry&rft.date=2014-09-02&rft.aulast=Levy&rft.aufirst=Karyne&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.businessinsider.com%2Ffed-up-game-developers-sign-open-letter-2014-9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DailyFish-103"><a href="#cite_ref-DailyFish_103-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRomano2014" class="citation news cs1">Romano, Aja (August 22, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.dailydot.com/geek/4chan-hacks-phil-fish-over-his-defense-of-zoe-quinn/">"4chan hacks and doxes Zoe Quinn's biggest supporter"</a>. The Daily Dot. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141006101042/http://www.dailydot.com/geek/4chan-hacks-phil-fish-over-his-defense-of-zoe-quinn/">Archived</a> from the original on October 6, 2014. Retrieved October 2, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Daily+Dot&rft.atitle=4chan+hacks+and+doxes+Zoe+Quinn%27s+biggest+supporter&rft.date=2014-08-22&rft.aulast=Romano&rft.aufirst=Aja&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.dailydot.com%2Fgeek%2F4chan-hacks-phil-fish-over-his-defense-of-zoe-quinn%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-gs_fish-104"><a href="#cite_ref-gs_fish_104-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMaiberg2014" class="citation web cs1">Maiberg, Emanuel (August 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.gamespot.com/articles/phil-fish-selling-rights-to-fez-after-being-hacked/1100-6421882/">"Phil Fish Selling Rights to Fez After Being Hacked"</a>. <a href="/wiki/GameSpot" title="GameSpot">GameSpot</a>. <a href="/wiki/CBS_Interactive" class="mw-redirect" title="CBS Interactive">CBS Interactive</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140902025359/http://www.gamespot.com/articles/phil-fish-selling-rights-to-fez-after-being-hacked/1100-6421882/">Archived</a> from the original on September 2, 2014. Retrieved September 6, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=GameSpot&rft.atitle=Phil+Fish+Selling+Rights+to+Fez+After+Being+Hacked&rft.date=2014-08-23&rft.aulast=Maiberg&rft.aufirst=Emanuel&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.gamespot.com%2Farticles%2Fphil-fish-selling-rights-to-fez-after-being-hacked%2F1100-6421882%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ars_swatting-105"><a href="#cite_ref-ars_swatting_105-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMattise2015" class="citation web cs1">Mattise, Nathan (January 4, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/01/8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address/">"8chan user offers to "swat" GamerGate critic, cops sent to an old address"</a>. Ars Technica. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150112210635/http://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2015/01/8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address/">Archived</a> from the original on January 12, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Ars+Technica&rft.atitle=8chan+user+offers+to+%22swat%22+GamerGate+critic%2C+cops+sent+to+an+old+address&rft.date=2015-01-04&rft.aulast=Mattise&rft.aufirst=Nathan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farstechnica.com%2Ftech-policy%2F2015%2F01%2F8chan-tries-swatting-gamergate-critic-sends-cops-to-an-old-address%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_swatting-106"><a href="#cite_ref-guardian_swatting_106-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHern2015" class="citation web cs1">Hern, Alex (January 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics">"Gamergate hits new low with attempts to send Swat teams to critics"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113170700/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/jan/13/gamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gamergate+hits+new+low+with+attempts+to+send+Swat+teams+to+critics&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2015%2Fjan%2F13%2Fgamergate-hits-new-low-with-attempts-to-send-swat-teams-to-critics&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-inc-107">^ <a href="#cite_ref-inc_107-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-inc_107-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWhitford2015" class="citation web cs1">Whitford, David (April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.inc.com/magazine/201504/david-whitford/gamergate-why-would-anyone-want-to-kill-brianna-wu.html">"Brianna Wu vs. the Troll Army"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Inc._(magazine)" title="Inc. (magazine)">Inc.</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150719164035/http://www.inc.com/magazine/201504/david-whitford/gamergate-why-would-anyone-want-to-kill-brianna-wu.html">Archived</a> from the original on July 19, 2015. Retrieved July 17, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Inc.&rft.atitle=Brianna+Wu+vs.+the+Troll+Army&rft.date=2015-04&rft.aulast=Whitford&rft.aufirst=David&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.inc.com%2Fmagazine%2F201504%2Fdavid-whitford%2Fgamergate-why-would-anyone-want-to-kill-brianna-wu.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wu_pax-108"><a href="#cite_ref-wu_pax_108-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarokhmanesh2015" class="citation web cs1">Farokhmanesh, Megan (February 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.polygon.com/2015/2/19/8070269/brianna-wu-giant-spacekat-pulls-out-of-pax-east">"Brianna Wu's studio, Giant Spacekat, pulls out of PAX East due to safety concerns"</a>. Polygon. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150219223226/http://www.polygon.com/2015/2/19/8070269/brianna-wu-giant-spacekat-pulls-out-of-pax-east">Archived</a> from the original on February 19, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Polygon&rft.atitle=Brianna+Wu%27s+studio%2C+Giant+Spacekat%2C+pulls+out+of+PAX+East+due+to+safety+concerns&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Farokhmanesh&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.polygon.com%2F2015%2F2%2F19%2F8070269%2Fbrianna-wu-giant-spacekat-pulls-out-of-pax-east&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-venturebeat_2015-02-19-109"><a href="#cite_ref-venturebeat_2015-02-19_109-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFTakahashi2015" class="citation web cs1">Takahashi, Dean (February 19, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://venturebeat.com/2015/02/19/giant-spacekat-pulls-out-of-pax-east-blames-gamergate-death-threats/">"Brianna Wu's Giant Spacekat pulls out of PAX East, blames GamerGate death threats"</a>. VentureBeat. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150221020923/http://venturebeat.com/2015/02/19/giant-spacekat-pulls-out-of-pax-east-blames-gamergate-death-threats/">Archived</a> from the original on February 21, 2015. Retrieved February 20, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=VentureBeat&rft.atitle=Brianna+Wu%27s+Giant+Spacekat+pulls+out+of+PAX+East%2C+blames+GamerGate+death+threats&rft.date=2015-02-19&rft.aulast=Takahashi&rft.aufirst=Dean&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fventurebeat.com%2F2015%2F02%2F19%2Fgiant-spacekat-pulls-out-of-pax-east-blames-gamergate-death-threats%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bostonglobe_2015-02-24-110"><a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe_2015-02-24_110-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBorchersKeohane2015" class="citation news cs1">Borchers, Callum; Keohane, Dennis (February 24, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/02/24/pax-east-withdrawal-reveals-sexist-side-video-game-culture/SiRAzMnuI6iea0woo9ob6I/story.html">"Citing threats, game maker pulls her company from PAX East fest"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150224194408/http://www.bostonglobe.com/business/2015/02/24/pax-east-withdrawal-reveals-sexist-side-video-game-culture/SiRAzMnuI6iea0woo9ob6I/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on February 24, 2015. Retrieved February 24, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Citing+threats%2C+game+maker+pulls+her+company+from+PAX+East+fest&rft.date=2015-02-24&rft.aulast=Borchers&rft.aufirst=Callum&rft.au=Keohane%2C+Dennis&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fbusiness%2F2015%2F02%2F24%2Fpax-east-withdrawal-reveals-sexist-side-video-game-culture%2FSiRAzMnuI6iea0woo9ob6I%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-seattletimes_2015-09-21-111"><a href="#cite_ref-seattletimes_2015-09-21_111-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodeur2015" class="citation web cs1">Brodeur, Nicole (August 21, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/despite-the-threats-and-sexism-felicia-day-believes-in-the-gaming-world/">"Despite the threats and sexism, Felicia Day believes in the gaming world"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Seattle_Times" title="The Seattle Times">The Seattle Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20151107190538/http://www.seattletimes.com/entertainment/despite-the-threats-and-sexism-felicia-day-believes-in-the-gaming-world/">Archived</a> from the original on November 7, 2015. Retrieved September 21, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Seattle+Times&rft.atitle=Despite+the+threats+and+sexism%2C+Felicia+Day+believes+in+the+gaming+world&rft.date=2015-08-21&rft.aulast=Brodeur&rft.aufirst=Nicole&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.seattletimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fdespite-the-threats-and-sexism-felicia-day-believes-in-the-gaming-world%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DayGuardian-112"><a href="#cite_ref-DayGuardian_112-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHern2014" class="citation web cs1">Hern, Alex (October 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/23/felicia-days-public-details-online-gamergate">"Felicia Day's public details put online after she described Gamergate fears"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024184623/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2014/oct/23/felicia-days-public-details-online-gamergate">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Felicia+Day%27s+public+details+put+online+after+she+described+Gamergate+fears&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft.aulast=Hern&rft.aufirst=Alex&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2014%2Foct%2F23%2Ffelicia-days-public-details-online-gamergate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-DayTime-113"><a href="#cite_ref-DayTime_113-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDockterman2014" class="citation news cs1">Dockterman, Eliana (October 23, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://time.com/3535619/felicia-day-writes-about-gamergate-gets-information-hacked/">"Felicia Day Writes About #GamerGate, Gets Information Hacked"</a>. Time. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141024235109/http://time.com/3535619/felicia-day-writes-about-gamergate-gets-information-hacked/">Archived</a> from the original on October 24, 2014. Retrieved October 25, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Time&rft.atitle=Felicia+Day+Writes+About+%23GamerGate%2C+Gets+Information+Hacked&rft.date=2014-10-23&rft.aulast=Dockterman&rft.aufirst=Eliana&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftime.com%2F3535619%2Ffelicia-day-writes-about-gamergate-gets-information-hacked%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ColbertVerge-114"><a href="#cite_ref-ColbertVerge_114-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcCormick2014" class="citation web cs1">McCormick, Rich (October 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2014/10/30/7130191/stephen-colbert-takes-on-gamergate-with-anita-sarkeesian">"Stephen Colbert takes on Gamergate with Anita Sarkeesian"</a>. The Verge. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141117195158/http://www.theverge.com/2014/10/30/7130191/stephen-colbert-takes-on-gamergate-with-anita-sarkeesian">Archived</a> from the original on November 17, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Stephen+Colbert+takes+on+Gamergate+with+Anita+Sarkeesian&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=McCormick&rft.aufirst=Rich&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2014%2F10%2F30%2F7130191%2Fstephen-colbert-takes-on-gamergate-with-anita-sarkeesian&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-WaPoColbert-115"><a href="#cite_ref-WaPoColbert_115-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMcDonald2014" class="citation news cs1">McDonald, Soraya Nadia (October 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/30/how-media-critic-anita-sarkeesian-turned-stephen-colbert-into-a-feminist/">"How media critic Anita Sarkeesian turned Stephen Colbert into a feminist"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141112111813/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-mix/wp/2014/10/30/how-media-critic-anita-sarkeesian-turned-stephen-colbert-into-a-feminist/">Archived</a> from the original on November 12, 2014. Retrieved November 18, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=How+media+critic+Anita+Sarkeesian+turned+Stephen+Colbert+into+a+feminist&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=McDonald&rft.aufirst=Soraya+Nadia&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fmorning-mix%2Fwp%2F2014%2F10%2F30%2Fhow-media-critic-anita-sarkeesian-turned-stephen-colbert-into-a-feminist%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Barnes-116"><a href="#cite_ref-Barnes_116-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBarnes2018" class="citation book cs1">Barnes, Renee (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LYtHDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">"Lessons from #Gamergate"</a>. Uncovering Online Commenting Culture: Trolls, Fanboys and Lurkers. London, UK: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 100. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-3-31-970234-6" title="Special:BookSources/978-3-31-970234-6"><bdi>978-3-31-970234-6</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050613/https://books.google.com/books?id=LYtHDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved August 30, 2020.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Lessons+from+%23Gamergate&rft.btitle=Uncovering+Online+Commenting+Culture%3A+Trolls%2C+Fanboys+and+Lurkers&rft.place=London%2C+UK&rft.pages=100&rft.pub=Palgrave+Macmillan&rft.date=2018&rft.isbn=978-3-31-970234-6&rft.aulast=Barnes&rft.aufirst=Renee&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLYtHDwAAQBAJ%26q%3Dgamergate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201747-117"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalter201747_117-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalter2017">Salter (2017)</a>, p. 47. </li> <li id="cite_note-Sherr_2017-118">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Sherr_2017_118-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Sherr_2017_118-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSherrCarson2017" class="citation web cs1">Sherr, Ian; Carson, Erin (November 27, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.cnet.com/news/gamergate-donald-trump-american-nazis-how-video-game-culture-blew-everything-up/">"GamerGate to Trump: How video game culture blew everything up"</a>. CNET. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213095758/https://www.cnet.com/news/gamergate-donald-trump-american-nazis-how-video-game-culture-blew-everything-up/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=CNET&rft.atitle=GamerGate+to+Trump%3A+How+video+game+culture+blew+everything+up&rft.date=2017-11-27&rft.aulast=Sherr&rft.aufirst=Ian&rft.au=Carson%2C+Erin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cnet.com%2Fnews%2Fgamergate-donald-trump-american-nazis-how-video-game-culture-blew-everything-up%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Mortensen_2016-119">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Mortensen_2016_119-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mortensen_2016_119-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Mortensen_2016_119-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMortensen2016" class="citation journal cs1">Mortensen, Torill Elvira (2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://pure.itu.dk/portal/da/publications/b7dde92b-90cb-4cb0-87b1-16aa8fc38055">"Anger, Fear, and Games: The Long Event of #GamerGate"</a>. Games and Culture. 13 (8): 787–806. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1177%2F1555412016640408">10.1177/1555412016640408</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1555-4120">1555-4120</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:147383984">147383984</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Games+and+Culture&rft.atitle=Anger%2C+Fear%2C+and+Games%3A+The+Long+Event+of+%23GamerGate&rft.volume=13&rft.issue=8&rft.pages=787-806&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A147383984%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=1555-4120&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1177%2F1555412016640408&rft.aulast=Mortensen&rft.aufirst=Torill+Elvira&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fpure.itu.dk%2Fportal%2Fda%2Fpublications%2Fb7dde92b-90cb-4cb0-87b1-16aa8fc38055&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wapost_8chan-120"><a href="#cite_ref-wapost_8chan_120-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDewey2015" class="citation news cs1">Dewey, Caitlin (January 13, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/">"This is what happens when you create an online community without any rules"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150113222648/http://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-intersect/wp/2015/01/13/this-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules/">Archived</a> from the original on January 13, 2015. Retrieved January 13, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=This+is+what+happens+when+you+create+an+online+community+without+any+rules&rft.date=2015-01-13&rft.aulast=Dewey&rft.aufirst=Caitlin&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fthe-intersect%2Fwp%2F2015%2F01%2F13%2Fthis-is-what-happens-when-you-create-an-online-community-without-any-rules%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-121"><a href="#cite_ref-121">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMilburn2018" class="citation book cs1">Milburn, Colin (2018). Respawn: Gamers, Hackers, and Technogenic Life. Duke University Press. p. 163. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1215%2F9781478090366">10.1215/9781478090366</a>. <a href="/wiki/Hdl_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Hdl (identifier)">hdl</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12657%2F22280">20.500.12657/22280</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4780-0278-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4780-0278-9"><bdi>978-1-4780-0278-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Respawn%3A+Gamers%2C+Hackers%2C+and+Technogenic+Life&rft.pages=163&rft.pub=Duke+University+Press&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Ahdl%2F20.500.12657%2F22280&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1215%2F9781478090366&rft.isbn=978-1-4780-0278-9&rft.aulast=Milburn&rft.aufirst=Colin&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-metro_what_is_gg-122"><a href="#cite_ref-metro_what_is_gg_122-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWaugh2014" class="citation news cs1">Waugh, Rob (October 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://metro.co.uk/2014/10/15/gamergate-what-is-it-and-why-are-gamers-so-angry-4907102/">"GamerGate – what is it, and why are gamers so angry?"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Metro_(British_newspaper)" title="Metro (British newspaper)">Metro</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141022171558/http://metro.co.uk/2014/10/15/gamergate-what-is-it-and-why-are-gamers-so-angry-4907102/">Archived</a> from the original on October 22, 2014. Retrieved October 24, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Metro&rft.atitle=GamerGate+%E2%80%93+what+is+it%2C+and+why+are+gamers+so+angry%3F&rft.date=2014-10-15&rft.aulast=Waugh&rft.aufirst=Rob&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fmetro.co.uk%2F2014%2F10%2F15%2Fgamergate-what-is-it-and-why-are-gamers-so-angry-4907102%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Newsweek_Brandwatch-123">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_Brandwatch_123-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_Brandwatch_123-1">b</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Newsweek_Brandwatch_123-2">c</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWofford2014" class="citation web cs1">Wofford, Taylor (October 25, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.newsweek.com/gamergate-about-media-ethics-or-harassing-women-harassment-data-show-279736">"Is GamerGate About Media Ethics or Harassing Women? Harassment, the Data Shows"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Newsweek" title="Newsweek">Newsweek</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20141028033210/http://www.newsweek.com/gamergate-about-media-ethics-or-harassing-women-harassment-data-show-279736">Archived</a> from the original on October 28, 2014. Retrieved October 28, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Newsweek&rft.atitle=Is+GamerGate+About+Media+Ethics+or+Harassing+Women%3F+Harassment%2C+the+Data+Shows&rft.date=2014-10-25&rft.aulast=Wofford&rft.aufirst=Taylor&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.newsweek.com%2Fgamergate-about-media-ethics-or-harassing-women-harassment-data-show-279736&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melendez_Oct_2014-124"><a href="#cite_ref-Melendez_Oct_2014_124-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFO'Connell2014" class="citation web cs1">O'Connell, Ainsley (October 28, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcodesign.com/3037713/infographic-of-the-day/analyzing-gamergate-on-twitter-polarized-debate-anonymous-voices">"Visualizing The Two Sides Of #Gamergate's Twitter Debate"</a>. Fast Company. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150131002255/http://www.fastcodesign.com/3037713/infographic-of-the-day/analyzing-gamergate-on-twitter-polarized-debate-anonymous-voices">Archived</a> from the original on January 31, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Fast+Company&rft.atitle=Visualizing+The+Two+Sides+Of+%23Gamergate%27s+Twitter+Debate&rft.date=2014-10-28&rft.aulast=O%27Connell&rft.aufirst=Ainsley&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.fastcodesign.com%2F3037713%2Finfographic-of-the-day%2Fanalyzing-gamergate-on-twitter-polarized-debate-anonymous-voices&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-125"><a href="#cite_ref-125">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFNieborgFoxman2018">Nieborg & Foxman (2018)</a>, pp. 113–114; <a href="#CITEREFSalter2017">Salter (2017)</a>, pp. 41–42 </li> <li id="cite_note-126"><a href="#cite_ref-126">^</a> Lantz, quoted in <a href="#CITEREFMeyer2014">Meyer (2014)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-127"><a href="#cite_ref-127">^</a> Grant, quoted in <a href="#CITEREFSalter2017">Salter (2017)</a>, p. 41 </li> <li id="cite_note-128"><a href="#cite_ref-128">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul2018" class="citation book cs1">Paul, Christopher A. 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Oxford University Press. p. 346. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-19-092364-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-19-092364-8"><bdi>978-0-19-092364-8</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20230307155731/https://books.google.com/books?id=MVRuDwAAQBAJ&pg=PA346">Archived</a> from the original on March 7, 2023. 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Retrieved April 8, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Deadspin&rft.atitle=The+Future+Of+The+Culture+Wars+Is+Here%2C+And+It%27s+Gamergate&rft.date=2014-10-14&rft.aulast=Wagner&rft.aufirst=Kyle&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdeadspin.com%2Fthe-future-of-the-culture-wars-is-here-and-its-gamerga-1646145844&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-NYTThielGawker-131"><a href="#cite_ref-NYTThielGawker_131-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRogersHerrman2016" class="citation news cs1">Rogers, Katie; Herrman, John (May 26, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/business/media/thiel-gawker-fight-raises-concerns-about-press-freedom.html">"Thiel-Gawker Fight Raises Concerns About Press Freedom"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_New_York_Times" title="The New York Times">The New York Times</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20160530105343/http://www.nytimes.com/2016/05/27/business/media/thiel-gawker-fight-raises-concerns-about-press-freedom.html">Archived</a> from the original on May 30, 2016. Retrieved May 31, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+New+York+Times&rft.atitle=Thiel-Gawker+Fight+Raises+Concerns+About+Press+Freedom&rft.date=2016-05-26&rft.aulast=Rogers&rft.aufirst=Katie&rft.au=Herrman%2C+John&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.nytimes.com%2F2016%2F05%2F27%2Fbusiness%2Fmedia%2Fthiel-gawker-fight-raises-concerns-about-press-freedom.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-132"><a href="#cite_ref-132">^</a> Stone, quoted in <a href="#CITEREFCooper2014b">Cooper (2014b)</a> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTESalter201747–48-133"><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTESalter201747–48_133-0">^</a> <a href="#CITEREFSalter2017">Salter (2017)</a>, pp. 47–48. </li> <li id="cite_note-fastcompany_2015-06-02-134">^ <a href="#cite_ref-fastcompany_2015-06-02_134-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-fastcompany_2015-06-02_134-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFKessler2015" class="citation web cs1">Kessler, Sarah (June 2, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.fastcompany.com/3046772/tech-forecast/why-online-harassment-is-still-ruining-lives-and-how-we-can-stop-it">"Why Online Harassment Is Still Ruining Lives—And How We Can Stop It"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Fast_Company_(magazine)" class="mw-redirect" title="Fast Company (magazine)">Fast Company</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150604013611/http://www.fastcompany.com/3046772/tech-forecast/why-online-harassment-is-still-ruining-lives-and-how-we-can-stop-it">Archived</a> from the original on June 4, 2015. 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Retrieved November 5, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Atlantic&rft.atitle=The+Existential+Crisis+of+Public+Life+Online&rft.date=2014-10-30&rft.aulast=Meyer&rft.aufirst=Robinson&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theatlantic.com%2Ftechnology%2Farchive%2F2014%2F10%2Fthe-existential-crisis-of-public-life-online%2F382017%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-verge_2015-06-10-137"><a href="#cite_ref-verge_2015-06-10_137-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlante2015" class="citation web cs1">Plante, Chris (June 10, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2015/6/10/8761231/twitter-block-lists-share-import-export-social-media-trolls">"Twitter is letting you and your friends join hands to block trolls and miscreants"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Verge" title="The Verge">The Verge</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150626123841/http://www.theverge.com/2015/6/10/8761231/twitter-block-lists-share-import-export-social-media-trolls">Archived</a> from the original on June 26, 2015. 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Retrieved June 19, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=Twitter+CEO%3A+%27We+suck+at+dealing+with+abuse%27&rft.date=2015-05-13&rft.aulast=Tiku&rft.aufirst=Nitasha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2015%2F2%2F4%2F7982099%2Ftwitter-ceo-sent-memo-taking-personal-responsibility-for-the&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-wam_release-140"><a href="#cite_ref-wam_release_140-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150318140330/http://www.womenactionmedia.org/cms/assets/uploads/2014/11/Twitterprojectpressrelease-1.pdf">"To combat the harassment of women online, Women, Action & the Media (WAM!) announces a new partnership with Twitter"</a> (PDF). 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Retrieved September 16, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Meet+the+Female+Gamer+Mascot+Born+of+Anti-Feminist+Internet+Drama&rft.date=2014-08-28&rft.aulast=Ringo&rft.aufirst=Allegra&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fmeet-the-female-gamer-mascot-created-by-anti-feminists-828&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Melendez_Nov_2014-146">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Melendez_Nov_2014_146-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Melendez_Nov_2014_146-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMelendez2014" class="citation web cs1">Melendez, Steven (November 3, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fastcodesign.com/3037941/the-secret-meaning-behind-gamergates-branding">"The Secret Meaning Behind GamerGate's Branding"</a>. 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(2016). Beyond Blurred Lines: Rape Culture in Popular Media. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 110. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4628-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4422-4628-7"><bdi>978-1-4422-4628-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Beyond+Blurred+Lines%3A+Rape+Culture+in+Popular+Media&rft.pages=110&rft.pub=Rowman+%26+Littlefield&rft.date=2016&rft.isbn=978-1-4422-4628-7&rft.aulast=Phillips&rft.aufirst=Nickie+D.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Poland-149"><a href="#cite_ref-Poland_149-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPoland2016" class="citation book cs1">Poland, Bailey (2016). "Misogynist Movements: Men's Rights Activists and Gamergate". 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Center for Journalism Ethics. <a href="/wiki/University_of_Wisconsin%E2%80%93Madison" title="University of Wisconsin–Madison">University of Wisconsin–Madison</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150114045642/http://ethics.journalism.wisc.edu/2015/01/03/a-magical-putter-and-the-year-in-media-ethics/">Archived</a> from the original on January 14, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Center+for+Journalism+Ethics&rft.atitle=A+Magical+Putter+and+the+Year+in+Media+Ethics&rft.date=2015-01-03&rft.aulast=Culver&rft.aufirst=Kathleen+Bartzen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fethics.journalism.wisc.edu%2F2015%2F01%2F03%2Fa-magical-putter-and-the-year-in-media-ethics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VergeDead-168"><a href="#cite_ref-VergeDead_168-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPlante2014" class="citation web cs1">Plante, Chris (October 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2014/10/30/7131931/gamergate-is-dead">"Gamergate is Dead"</a>. 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Communication Research and Practice. 2 (1): 79–96. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1080%2F22041451.2016.1155338">10.1080/22041451.2016.1155338</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2204-1451">2204-1451</a>. <a href="/wiki/S2CID_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="S2CID (identifier)">S2CID</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148244313">148244313</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201122164146/http://eprints.qut.edu.au/95337/7/95337.pdf">Archived</a> (PDF) from the original on November 22, 2020. Retrieved November 11, 2020. <q>Our findings show that, even when initially approached from as partial a perspective as the 'gamergate' keyword and hashtag represents, GamerGate's issue publics are absolutely not concerned only or even primarily with 'ethics in games journalism'</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Communication+Research+and+Practice&rft.atitle=Mapping+sociocultural+controversies+across+digital+media+platforms%3A+one+week+of+%23gamergate+on+Twitter%2C+YouTube%2C+and+Tumblr&rft.volume=2&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=79-96&rft.date=2016&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.semanticscholar.org%2FCorpusID%3A148244313%23id-name%3DS2CID&rft.issn=2204-1451&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1080%2F22041451.2016.1155338&rft.aulast=Burgess&rft.aufirst=Jean&rft.au=Matamoros-Fern%C3%A1ndez%2C+Ariadna&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Feprints.qut.edu.au%2F95337%2F7%2F95337.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-guardian_aug2015-179">^ <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_aug2015_179-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-guardian_aug2015_179-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFValenti2015" class="citation news cs1">Valenti, Jessica (August 29, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/29/anita-sarkeesian-gamergate-interview-jessica-valenti">"Anita Sarkeesian interview: 'The word "troll" feels too childish. This is abuse'"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150829103341/http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/aug/29/anita-sarkeesian-gamergate-interview-jessica-valenti">Archived</a> from the original on August 29, 2015. Retrieved August 29, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Anita+Sarkeesian+interview%3A+%27The+word+%22troll%22+feels+too+childish.+This+is+abuse%27&rft.date=2015-08-29&rft.aulast=Valenti&rft.aufirst=Jessica&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2015%2Faug%2F29%2Fanita-sarkeesian-gamergate-interview-jessica-valenti&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-180"><a href="#cite_ref-180">^</a> Wu, quoted in <a href="#CITEREFMurray2018">Murray (2018)</a>, p. 37 </li> <li id="cite_note-Bray-181"><a href="#cite_ref-Bray_181-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBray2015" class="citation news cs1">Bray, Hiawatha (March 8, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/03/08/brianna-appears-pax-east-videogame-convention/hEzlyb5ggIf03vKycUa2aL/story.html">"Brianna Wu makes stand at PAX East"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20180905214903/https://www.bostonglobe.com/metro/2015/03/08/brianna-appears-pax-east-videogame-convention/hEzlyb5ggIf03vKycUa2aL/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on September 5, 2018. Retrieved May 19, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Boston+Globe&rft.atitle=Brianna+Wu+makes+stand+at+PAX+East&rft.date=2015-03-08&rft.aulast=Bray&rft.aufirst=Hiawatha&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.bostonglobe.com%2Fmetro%2F2015%2F03%2F08%2Fbrianna-appears-pax-east-videogame-convention%2FhEzlyb5ggIf03vKycUa2aL%2Fstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-VoxConfuse-182"><a href="#cite_ref-VoxConfuse_182-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFVanDerWerff2014" class="citation web cs1">VanDerWerff, Emily (September 15, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vox.com/xpress/2014/9/15/6149965/gamergate-explained-short">"The confusion around #GamerGate explained, in three short paragraphs"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20140917040345/http://www.vox.com/xpress/2014/9/15/6149965/gamergate-explained-short">Archived</a> from the original on September 17, 2014. 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Retrieved October 26, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=Gamergate%27s+vicious+right-wing+swell+means+there+can+be+no+neutral+stance&rft.date=2014-10-13&rft.aulast=Stone&rft.aufirst=Jon&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2014%2Foct%2F13%2Fgamergate-right-wing-no-neutral-stance&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bostonglobe_2015-06-12-186"><a href="#cite_ref-bostonglobe_2015-06-12_186-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFBrodeur2015" class="citation news cs1">Brodeur, Michael Andor (June 12, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2015/06/12/large/hOqlbvVXsgRjoPuN1qelvI/story.html">"Signs of backlash to Internet trolls appearing"</a>. The Boston Globe. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20150615003031/http://www.bostonglobe.com/arts/2015/06/12/large/hOqlbvVXsgRjoPuN1qelvI/story.html">Archived</a> from the original on June 15, 2015. 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Retrieved June 25, 2015.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Diplomatic+Courier&rft.atitle=When+the+Internet+Breeds+Hate&rft.date=2015-03-08&rft.aulast=Herzog&rft.aufirst=Chrisella&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.diplomaticourier.com%2Fnews%2Ftopics%2Fsecurity%2F2499-when-the-internet-breeds-hate&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-ViceQuinn-192"><a href="#cite_ref-ViceQuinn_192-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPearl2014" class="citation web cs1">Pearl, Mike (September 12, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.vice.com/read/we-talked-to-zoe-quinn-about-whats-next-for-the-gaming-world-999">"Zoe Quinn Told Us What Being Targeted By Every Troll in the World Feels Like"</a>. 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Retrieved September 21, 2014.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Vice&rft.atitle=Zoe+Quinn+Told+Us+What+Being+Targeted+By+Every+Troll+in+the+World+Feels+Like&rft.date=2014-09-12&rft.aulast=Pearl&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.vice.com%2Fread%2Fwe-talked-to-zoe-quinn-about-whats-next-for-the-gaming-world-999&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-bbc_gg_condemned-193">^ <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_gg_condemned_193-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-bbc_gg_condemned_193-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLee2014" class="citation web cs1">Lee, Dave (October 30, 2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.bbc.com/news/technology-29821050">"Zoe Quinn: GamerGate must be condemned"</a>. 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In Malkowski, J.; Russworm, T.M. (eds.). Gaming Representation: Race, Gender, and Sexuality in Video Games. Indiana University Press. p. 248. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-25-302573-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-25-302573-9"><bdi>978-0-25-302573-9</bdi></a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201128050620/https://books.google.com/books?id=6hcxDwAAQBAJ&q=gamergate+misogyny&pg=PA248">Archived</a> from the original on November 28, 2020. 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Retrieved August 1, 2018.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=Buzzfeed+News&rft.atitle=Alt-Right+Troll+To+Father+Killer%3A+The+Unraveling+Of+Lane+Davis&rft.date=2018-07-18&rft.aulast=Bernstein&rft.aufirst=Joseph&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.buzzfeednews.com%2Farticle%2Fjosephbernstein%2Flane-davis-ralph-retort-seattle4truth-alt-right&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Alt-right_precursor-288">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Alt-right_precursor_288-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-Alt-right_precursor_288-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMatt2016" class="citation news cs1">Matt, Lees (December 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/01/gamergate-alt-right-hate-trump">"What Gamergate should have taught us about the 'alt-right' The 2014 online hate-storm presaged the tactics of the Trump-loving far right movement. Prominent critics of the president elect should take note"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225152539/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/01/gamergate-alt-right-hate-trump">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+Gamergate+should+have+taught+us+about+the+%27alt-right%27+The+2014+online+hate-storm+presaged+the+tactics+of+the+Trump-loving+far+right+movement.+Prominent+critics+of+the+president+elect+should+take+note&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Matt&rft.aufirst=Lees&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2016%2Fdec%2F01%2Fgamergate-alt-right-hate-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-From_Video_Games_to_Politics-289"><a href="#cite_ref-From_Video_Games_to_Politics_289-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFJeong2016" class="citation news cs1">Jeong, Sarah (December 14, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/12/14/if-we-took-gamergate-harassment-seriously-pizzagate-might-never-have-happened/">"If we took 'Gamergate' harassment seriously, 'Pizzagate' might never have happened: When Internet conspiracy theorists went after women, the tech world mostly ignored it"</a>. <a href="/wiki/The_Washington_Post" title="The Washington Post">The Washington Post</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20161225214027/https://www.washingtonpost.com/posteverything/wp/2016/12/14/if-we-took-gamergate-harassment-seriously-pizzagate-might-never-have-happened/">Archived</a> from the original on December 25, 2016.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=If+we+took+%27Gamergate%27+harassment+seriously%2C+%27Pizzagate%27+might+never+have+happened%3A+When+Internet+conspiracy+theorists+went+after+women%2C+the+tech+world+mostly+ignored+it.&rft.date=2016-12-14&rft.aulast=Jeong&rft.aufirst=Sarah&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fposteverything%2Fwp%2F2016%2F12%2F14%2Fif-we-took-gamergate-harassment-seriously-pizzagate-might-never-have-happened%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-Old_Racism,_New_Technology-290"><a href="#cite_ref-Old_Racism,_New_Technology_290-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFraser2016" class="citation news cs1">Fraser, Giles (August 25, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2016/aug/25/the-alt-right-is-old-racism-for-the-tech-savvy-generation">"The alt right is old racism for the tech-savvy generation"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170110093040/https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/belief/2016/aug/25/the-alt-right-is-old-racism-for-the-tech-savvy-generation">Archived</a> from the original on January 10, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=The+alt+right+is+old+racism+for+the+tech-savvy+generation&rft.date=2016-08-25&rft.aulast=Fraser&rft.aufirst=Giles&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Fcommentisfree%2Fbelief%2F2016%2Faug%2F25%2Fthe-alt-right-is-old-racism-for-the-tech-savvy-generation&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-LATimesHollywoodGG-291"><a href="#cite_ref-LATimesHollywoodGG_291-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFMartens2017" class="citation news cs1">Martens, Todd (January 7, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-hollywood-values-updates-how-will-gamergate-values-play-out-in-1483646871-htmlstory.html">"Rally white men. Demean women. Mock the impact of misogyny. How will Gamergate values play out in Trump's America?"</a>. LA Times. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20170108134346/http://www.latimes.com/entertainment/la-et-hollywood-values-updates-how-will-gamergate-values-play-out-in-1483646871-htmlstory.html">Archived</a> from the original on January 8, 2017. Retrieved January 9, 2017.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=LA+Times&rft.atitle=Rally+white+men.+Demean+women.+Mock+the+impact+of+misogyny.+How+will+Gamergate+values+play+out+in+Trump%27s+America%3F&rft.date=2017-01-07&rft.aulast=Martens&rft.aufirst=Todd&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Flatimes.com%2Fentertainment%2Fla-et-hollywood-values-updates-how-will-gamergate-values-play-out-in-1483646871-htmlstory.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:1-292"><a href="#cite_ref-:1_292-0">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFLees2016" class="citation web cs1">Lees, Matt (December 1, 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/01/gamergate-alt-right-hate-trump">"What Gamergate should have taught us about the 'alt-right'"</a>. The Guardian. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213095724/https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2016/dec/01/gamergate-alt-right-hate-trump">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2021. Retrieved January 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=The+Guardian&rft.atitle=What+Gamergate+should+have+taught+us+about+the+%27alt-right%27&rft.date=2016-12-01&rft.aulast=Lees&rft.aufirst=Matt&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.theguardian.com%2Ftechnology%2F2016%2Fdec%2F01%2Fgamergate-alt-right-hate-trump&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-:7-293">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_293-0">a</a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_293-1">b</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFSnider" class="citation web cs1">Snider, Mike. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/07/18/steve-bannon-learned-harness-troll-army-world-warcraft/489713001/">"Steve Bannon learned to harness troll army from 'World of Warcraft'"</a>. USA Today. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20201114013909/https://www.usatoday.com/story/tech/talkingtech/2017/07/18/steve-bannon-learned-harness-troll-army-world-warcraft/489713001/">Archived</a> from the original on November 14, 2020. Retrieved January 18, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=USA+Today&rft.atitle=Steve+Bannon+learned+to+harness+troll+army+from+%27World+of+Warcraft%27&rft.aulast=Snider&rft.aufirst=Mike&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.usatoday.com%2Fstory%2Ftech%2Ftalkingtech%2F2017%2F07%2F18%2Fsteve-bannon-learned-harness-troll-army-world-warcraft%2F489713001%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-294"><a href="#cite_ref-294">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRosenburg2015" class="citation news cs1">Rosenburg, Alyssa (December 7, 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2015/12/07/donald-trump-is-the-gamergate-of-republican-politics/">"Opinion:Donald Trump is the Gamergate of Republican politics"</a>. The Washington Post. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20210213095736/https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/act-four/wp/2015/12/07/donald-trump-is-the-gamergate-of-republican-politics/">Archived</a> from the original on February 13, 2021.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Washington+Post&rft.atitle=Opinion%3ADonald+Trump+is+the+Gamergate+of+Republican+politics&rft.date=2015-12-07&rft.aulast=Rosenburg&rft.aufirst=Alyssa&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.washingtonpost.com%2Fnews%2Fact-four%2Fwp%2F2015%2F12%2F07%2Fdonald-trump-is-the-gamergate-of-republican-politics%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-295"><a href="#cite_ref-295">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFGreen2017" class="citation book cs1">Green, Joshua (September 1, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=LlgyDwAAQBAJ">Devil's Bargain: Steve Bannon, Donald Trump, and the storming of the presidency</a>. Scribe Publications Pty Limited. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-925548-82-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-925548-82-2"><bdi>978-1-925548-82-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Devil%27s+Bargain%3A+Steve+Bannon%2C+Donald+Trump%2C+and+the+storming+of+the+presidency&rft.pub=Scribe+Publications+Pty+Limited&rft.date=2017-09-01&rft.isbn=978-1-925548-82-2&rft.aulast=Green&rft.aufirst=Joshua&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DLlgyDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-296"><a href="#cite_ref-296">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFried2022" class="citation news cs1">Fried, Ina (October 20, 2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.axios.com/2022/10/20/gamergate-right-online-harassment-joan-donovan-meme-wars">"How the far right borrowed its online moves from gamers"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Axios_(website)" title="Axios (website)">Axios</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20221025201756/https://www.axios.com/2022/10/20/gamergate-right-online-harassment-joan-donovan-meme-wars">Archived</a> from the original on October 25, 2022. Retrieved October 25, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Axios&rft.atitle=How+the+far+right+borrowed+its+online+moves+from+gamers&rft.date=2022-10-20&rft.aulast=Fried&rft.aufirst=Ina&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.axios.com%2F2022%2F10%2F20%2Fgamergate-right-online-harassment-joan-donovan-meme-wars&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-297"><a href="#cite_ref-297">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHawley2017" class="citation book cs1">Hawley, George (2017). Making Sense of the Alt-Right. New York: <a href="/wiki/Columbia_University_Press" title="Columbia University Press">Columbia University Press</a>. p. 47. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-231-18512-7" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-231-18512-7"><bdi>978-0-231-18512-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Making+Sense+of+the+Alt-Right&rft.place=New+York&rft.pages=47&rft.pub=Columbia+University+Press&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-0-231-18512-7&rft.aulast=Hawley&rft.aufirst=George&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-298"><a href="#cite_ref-298">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeiwert2017" class="citation book cs1">Neiwert, David (2017). <a href="/wiki/Alt-America:_The_Rise_of_the_Radical_Right_in_the_Age_of_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump">Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump</a>. London: Verso. pp. 215–233. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78663-423-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78663-423-8"><bdi>978-1-78663-423-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Alt-America%3A+The+Rise+of+the+Radical+Right+in+the+Age+of+Trump&rft.place=London&rft.pages=215-233&rft.pub=Verso&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78663-423-8&rft.aulast=Neiwert&rft.aufirst=David&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-299"><a href="#cite_ref-299">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFWilson2018" class="citation journal cs1">Wilson, Andrew Fergus (2018). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31979%2F2377-6188.2018.010201">"#whitegenocide, the Alt-right and Conspiracy Theory: How Secrecy and Suspicion Contributed to the Mainstreaming of Hate"</a>. Secrecy and Society. 1 (2): 1–47. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.31979%2F2377-6188.2018.010201">10.31979/2377-6188.2018.010201</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/2377-6188">2377-6188</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Secrecy+and+Society&rft.atitle=%23whitegenocide%2C+the+Alt-right+and+Conspiracy+Theory%3A+How+Secrecy+and+Suspicion+Contributed+to+the+Mainstreaming+of+Hate&rft.volume=1&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=1-47&rft.date=2018&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.31979%2F2377-6188.2018.010201&rft.issn=2377-6188&rft.aulast=Wilson&rft.aufirst=Andrew+Fergus&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.31979%252F2377-6188.2018.010201&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-300"><a href="#cite_ref-300">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngela2017" class="citation book cs1">Angela, Nagle (2017). <a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies:_Online_Culture_Wars_from_4chan_and_Tumblr_to_Trump_and_the_Alt-Right" class="mw-redirect" title="Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right">Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right</a>. Winchester and Washington: Zero Books. p. 24. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78535-543-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78535-543-1"><bdi>978-1-78535-543-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kill+All+Normies%3A+Online+Culture+Wars+from+4chan+and+Tumblr+to+Trump+and+the+Alt-Right&rft.place=Winchester+and+Washington&rft.pages=24&rft.pub=Zero+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78535-543-1&rft.aulast=Angela&rft.aufirst=Nagle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-301"><a href="#cite_ref-301">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFAngela2017" class="citation book cs1">Angela, Nagle (2017). Kill All Normies: Online Culture Wars from 4chan and Tumblr to Trump and the Alt-Right. Winchester and Washington: Zero Books. p. 16. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-78535-543-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-78535-543-1"><bdi>978-1-78535-543-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Kill+All+Normies%3A+Online+Culture+Wars+from+4chan+and+Tumblr+to+Trump+and+the+Alt-Right&rft.place=Winchester+and+Washington&rft.pages=16&rft.pub=Zero+Books&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-1-78535-543-1&rft.aulast=Angela&rft.aufirst=Nagle&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-302"><a href="#cite_ref-302">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFNeiwert2017" class="citation book cs1">Neiwert, David (2017). Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump. 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Retrieved October 29, 2022.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=SFGate&rft.atitle=What+to+know+about+alleged+Pelosi+attacker+and+his+%27really+creepy%27+group&rft.date=2022-10-29&rft.aulast=Bindman&rft.aufirst=Ariana&rft.au=Bote%2C+Joshua&rft.au=Regimbal%2C+Alec&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.sfgate.com%2Fpolitics%2Farticle%2Fdavid-depape-alleged-pelosi-attacker-17542660.php&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-332"><a href="#cite_ref-332">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFColeman2024" class="citation news cs1">Coleman, Theara (March 22, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theweek.com/culture-life/personal-technology/games/gamergate-2-extremism-video-games">"Gamergate 2.0: Extremism in video games sees another reckoning"</a>. theweek. Retrieved March 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=theweek&rft.atitle=Gamergate+2.0%3A+Extremism+in+video+games+sees+another+reckoning&rft.date=2024-03-22&rft.aulast=Coleman&rft.aufirst=Theara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Ftheweek.com%2Fculture-life%2Fpersonal-technology%2Fgames%2Fgamergate-2-extremism-video-games&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-333"><a href="#cite_ref-333">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFFarokhmanesh2024" class="citation magazine cs1">Farokhmanesh, Megan (March 14, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.wired.com/story/sweet-baby-video-games-harassment-gamergate/">"The Small Company at the Center of 'Gamergate 2.0'"</a>. Wired. Retrieved March 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Wired&rft.atitle=The+Small+Company+at+the+Center+of+%27Gamergate+2.0%27&rft.date=2024-03-14&rft.aulast=Farokhmanesh&rft.aufirst=Megan&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.wired.com%2Fstory%2Fsweet-baby-video-games-harassment-gamergate%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> <li id="cite_note-334"><a href="#cite_ref-334">^</a> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFParrish2024" class="citation news cs1">Parrish, Ash (March 18, 2024). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.theverge.com/2024/3/18/24104799/gamergate-2024-sweet-baby-inc-diversity">"The return of Gamergate is smaller and sadder"</a>. The Verge. Retrieved March 25, 2024.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=The+Verge&rft.atitle=The+return+of+Gamergate+is+smaller+and+sadder&rft.date=2024-03-18&rft.aulast=Parrish&rft.aufirst=Ash&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.theverge.com%2F2024%2F3%2F18%2F24104799%2Fgamergate-2024-sweet-baby-inc-diversity&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AGamergate+%28harassment+campaign%29" class="Z3988"> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1235681985">.mw-parser-output .side-box{margin:4px 0;box-sizing:border-box;border:1px solid #aaa;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em;background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);display:flow-root}.mw-parser-output .side-box-abovebelow,.mw-parser-output .side-box-text{padding:0.25em 0.9em}.mw-parser-output .side-box-image{padding:2px 0 2px 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selflink">Gamergate</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organizations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crash_Override_Network" title="Crash Override Network">Crash Override Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Fine_Young_Capitalists" class="mw-redirect" title="The Fine Young Capitalists">The Fine Young Capitalists</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Online_Abuse_Prevention_Initiative" title="Online Abuse Prevention Initiative">Online Abuse Prevention Initiative</a> (OAPI)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Zo%C3%AB_Quinn" title="Zoë Quinn">Zoë Quinn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brianna_Wu" title="Brianna Wu">Brianna Wu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anita_Sarkeesian" title="Anita Sarkeesian">Anita Sarkeesian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Adam_Baldwin" title="Adam Baldwin">Adam Baldwin</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Crash_Override_(book)" title="Crash Override (book)">Crash Override</a> (book)</li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Alt-right" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Alt-right_footer" title="Template talk:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right_footer" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Alt-right footer"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Alt-right" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-right" title="Alt-right">Alt-right</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Ideas</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Core</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_nationalism" title="American nationalism">American nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-communism" title="Anti-communism">Anti-communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antifeminism" title="Antifeminism">Antifeminism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Opposition_to_immigration" title="Opposition to immigration">Anti-immigration</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antisemitism" title="Antisemitism">Antisemitism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Zionism" title="Anti-Zionism">Anti-Zionism</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Blood_and_soil" title="Blood and soil">Blood and soil</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_racism" title="Cultural racism">Cultural racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourteen_Words" title="Fourteen Words">Fourteen Words</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ghost_skin" title="Ghost skin">Ghost skin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gun_politics_in_the_United_States" title="Gun politics in the United States">Gun rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homophobia" title="Homophobia">Homophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_countries_by_natural_increase" class="mw-redirect" title="List of countries by natural increase">Increase in birth rates</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamophobia" title="Islamophobia">Islamophobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Isolationism" title="Isolationism">Isolationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Quiverfull" title="Quiverfull">Large families</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nativism_(politics)" title="Nativism (politics)">Nativism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Protectionism" title="Protectionism">Protectionism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Racism" title="Racism">Racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right-wing_populism" title="Right-wing populism">Right-wing populism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Scientific_racism" title="Scientific racism">Scientific racism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Transphobia" title="Transphobia">Transphobia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_ethnostate" title="White ethnostate">White ethnostate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_nationalism" title="White nationalism">White nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_supremacy" title="White supremacy">White supremacy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xenophobia" title="Xenophobia">Xenophobia</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Conspiracy theories</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cultural_Marxism_conspiracy_theory" title="Cultural Marxism conspiracy theory">Cultural Marxism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eurabia" class="mw-redirect" title="Eurabia">Eurabia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/George_Soros#Conspiracy_theories_and_threats" title="George Soros">George Soros</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Great_Replacement" class="mw-redirect" title="Great Replacement">Great Replacement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Homosexual_agenda" class="mw-redirect" title="Homosexual agenda">Homosexual agenda</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kalergi_Plan" title="Kalergi Plan">Kalergi Plan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Seth_Rich" title="Murder of Seth Rich">Murder of Seth Rich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_World_Order_(conspiracy_theory)" class="mw-redirect" title="New World Order (conspiracy theory)">New World Order</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pizzagate_conspiracy_theory" title="Pizzagate conspiracy theory">Pizzagate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/USS_Liberty_incident" title="USS Liberty incident">USS Liberty incident</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_genocide_conspiracy_theory" title="White genocide conspiracy theory">White genocide</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Zionist_Occupation_Government_conspiracy_theory" title="Zionist Occupation Government conspiracy theory">Zionist Occupation Government</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Related</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Accelerationism" title="Accelerationism">Accelerationism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-lite" title="Alt-lite">Alt-lite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alt-right_pipeline" title="Alt-right pipeline">Alt-right pipeline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alternative_media_(U.S._political_right)" title="Alternative media (U.S. political right)">Alternative media</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Boogaloo_movement" title="Boogaloo movement">Boogaloo movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christian_Identity" title="Christian Identity">Christian Identity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Creativity_(religion)" title="Creativity (religion)">Creativity</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DezNat" title="DezNat">DezNat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnofuturism" title="Ethnofuturism">Ethnofuturism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Holocaust_denial" title="Holocaust denial">Holocaust denial</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identitarian_movement" title="Identitarian movement">Identitarian movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Incel" title="Incel">Incel</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kinism" title="Kinism">Kinism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Manosphere" title="Manosphere">Manosphere</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Men_Going_Their_Own_Way" title="Men Going Their Own Way">Men Going Their Own Way</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/MAGA_communism" class="mw-redirect" title="MAGA communism">MAGA Communism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Socialist_black_metal" title="National Socialist black metal">National Socialist black metal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Confederate" class="mw-redirect" title="Neo-Confederate">Neo-Confederate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-fascism" title="Neo-fascism">Neo-fascism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-nationalism" title="Neo-nationalism">Neo-nationalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neo-Nazism" title="Neo-Nazism">Neo-Nazism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Northwest_Territorial_Imperative" title="Northwest Territorial Imperative">Northwest Territorial Imperative</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Heathenry_(new_religious_movement)#Racial_issues" title="Heathenry (new religious movement)">Nordic racial paganism/Odalism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nouvelle_Droite" title="Nouvelle Droite">Nouvelle Droite</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleoconservatism" title="Paleoconservatism">Paleoconservatism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paleolibertarianism" title="Paleolibertarianism">Paleolibertarianism</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/QAnon" title="QAnon">QAnon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Radical_right_(United_States)" title="Radical right (United States)">Radical right</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reactionary" title="Reactionary">Reactionary</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Dark_Enlightenment" title="Dark Enlightenment">Dark Enlightenment</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Third_Position" title="Third Position">Third Position</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Lives_Matter" title="White Lives Matter">White Lives Matter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Online culture</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em"><a href="/wiki/Alt-tech" title="Alt-tech">Alt-tech</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/4chan" title="4chan">4chan</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki//pol/" title="/pol/">/pol/</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/8chan" title="8chan">8chan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/BitChute" title="BitChute">BitChute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epik" title="Epik">Epik</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gab_(social_network)" title="Gab (social network)">Gab</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gettr" title="Gettr">Gettr</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Minds_(social_network)" title="Minds (social network)">Minds</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Parler" title="Parler">Parler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Terrorgram" title="Terrorgram">Terrorgram</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_Social" title="Truth Social">Truth Social</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Voat" title="Voat">Voat</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twitter" title="Twitter">X</a> (<a href="/wiki/Twitter_under_Elon_Musk" title="Twitter under Elon Musk">Twitter under Elon Musk</a>)</li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Websites</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/American_Renaissance_(magazine)" title="American Renaissance (magazine)">American Renaissance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Breitbart_News" title="Breitbart News">Breitbart News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Daily_Stormer" title="The Daily Stormer">The Daily Stormer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/InfoWars" title="InfoWars">InfoWars</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kingdom_Identity_Ministries" title="Kingdom Identity Ministries">Kingdom Identity Ministries</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kuruc.info" title="Kuruc.info">Kuruc.info</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Metapedia" title="Metapedia">Metapedia</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Occidental_Observer" title="Occidental Observer">Occidental Observer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Occidental_Quarterly" title="The Occidental Quarterly">The Occidental Quarterly</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rebel_News" title="Rebel News">Rebel News</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Red_Ice" title="Red Ice">Red Ice</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/R/The_Donald" title="R/The Donald">Reddit (r/The_Donald)</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Right_Stuff_(blog)" title="The Right Stuff (blog)">The Right Stuff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/StoneToss" title="StoneToss">StoneToss</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stormfront_(website)" title="Stormfront (website)">Stormfront</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/TruNews" title="TruNews">TruNews</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_News_Network" class="mw-redirect" title="Vanguard News Network">Vanguard News Network</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/VDARE" title="VDARE">VDARE</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/WorldNetDaily" title="WorldNetDaily">WorldNetDaily</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Memes</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>"<a href="/wiki/Basket_of_deplorables" title="Basket of deplorables">Basket of deplorables</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Alpha_and_beta_male" title="Alpha and beta male">Beta male</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Cuckservative" title="Cuckservative">Cuckservative</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Deus_vult" title="Deus vult">Deus vult</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fashwave" class="mw-redirect" title="Fashwave">Fashwave</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Happy_Merchant" title="Happy Merchant">Happy Merchant</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/It%27s_okay_to_be_white" title="It's okay to be white">It's okay to be white</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mac_Tonight#Moon_Man" title="Mac Tonight">Moon Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/NPC_(meme)" title="NPC (meme)">NPC</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/OK_gesture" title="OK gesture">OK gesture</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Owning_the_libs" title="Owning the libs">Owning the libs</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepe_the_Frog" title="Pepe the Frog">Pepe the Frog</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Red_pill_and_blue_pill" title="Red pill and blue pill">Red pill and blue pill</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Right_Wing_Death_Squad" title="Right Wing Death Squad">Right Wing Death Squad</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Serbia_Strong" title="Serbia Strong">Remove Kebab</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Shadilay" title="Shadilay">Shadilay</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Snowflake_(slang)" title="Snowflake (slang)">Snowflake</a>"</li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/Social_justice_warrior" title="Social justice warrior">Social justice warrior</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trash_Doves" title="Trash Doves">Trash Doves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Triple_parentheses" title="Triple parentheses">Triple parentheses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Undercut_(hairstyle)" title="Undercut (hairstyle)">Undercut</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Groups</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/AltRight_Corporation" title="AltRight Corporation">AltRight Corporation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/American_Freedom_Party" title="American Freedom Party">American Freedom Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anti-Communist_Action" title="Anti-Communist Action">Anti-Communist Action</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antipodean_Resistance" title="Antipodean Resistance">Antipodean Resistance</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Atomwaffen_Division" title="Atomwaffen Division">Atomwaffen Division</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Base_(hate_group)" title="The Base (hate group)">The Base</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Deplorable_Pride" title="Deplorable Pride">Deplorable Pride</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diagolon" title="Diagolon">Diagolon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Groypers" title="Groypers">Groypers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hundred-Handers_(group)" title="Hundred-Handers (group)">Hundred-Handers</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identity_Evropa" title="Identity Evropa">Identity Evropa</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Identit%C3%A4re_Bewegung_%C3%96sterreich" title="Identitäre Bewegung Österreich">Identitarian Movement of Austria</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lads_Society" title="Lads Society">Lads Society</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Les_Identitaires" title="Les Identitaires">Les Identitaires</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/London_Forum_(far-right_group)" title="London Forum (far-right group)">London Forum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Justice_Party_(United_States)" class="mw-redirect" title="National Justice Party (United States)">National Justice Party</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/National_Policy_Institute" title="National Policy Institute">National Policy Institute</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/New_Century_Foundation" title="New Century Foundation">New Century Foundation</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Front" title="Patriot Front">Patriot Front</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Patriot_Prayer" title="Patriot Prayer">Patriot Prayer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Proud_Boys" title="Proud Boys">Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rise_Above_Movement" title="Rise Above Movement">Rise Above Movement</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Traditionalist_Worker_Party" title="Traditionalist Worker Party">Traditionalist Worker Party</a> (defunct)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vanguard_America" title="Vanguard America">Vanguard America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Washington_Summit_Publishers" title="Washington Summit Publishers">Washington Summit Publishers</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">Events</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Incidents</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Berkeley_protests" title="2017 Berkeley protests">Berkeley protests</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Comicsgate" title="Comicsgate">Comicsgate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/DeploraBall" title="DeploraBall">DeploraBall</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/End_Domestic_Terrorism_rally" title="End Domestic Terrorism rally">End Domestic Terrorism rally</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamergate</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Macron_e-mail_leaks" title="2017 Macron e-mail leaks">Macron e-mail leaks</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_rally" title="Unite the Right rally">Unite the Right rally</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Unite_the_Right_2" title="Unite the Right 2">Unite the Right 2</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Attacks</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Assault_of_DeAndre_Harris" title="Assault of DeAndre Harris">Assault of DeAndre Harris</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2022_Buffalo_shooting" title="2022 Buffalo shooting">Buffalo shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charleston_church_shooting" title="Charleston church shooting">Charleston church shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charlottesville_car_attack" title="Charlottesville car attack">Charlottesville car attack</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christchurch_mosque_shootings" title="Christchurch mosque shootings">Christchurch mosque shootings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2019_El_Paso_shooting" class="mw-redirect" title="2019 El Paso shooting">El Paso shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Blaze_Bernstein" title="Murder of Blaze Bernstein">Murder of Blaze Bernstein</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Murder_of_Timothy_Caughman" title="Murder of Timothy Caughman">Murder of Timothy Caughman</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pittsburgh_synagogue_shooting" title="Pittsburgh synagogue shooting">Pittsburgh synagogue shooting</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/2017_Portland_train_attack" title="2017 Portland train attack">Portland train attack</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:6em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_Atomwaffen_Division_members_in_the_United_States_who_faced_criminal_charges" title="List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges">List of Atomwaffen Division members in the United States who faced criminal charges</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_activities_involving_the_Proud_Boys" title="Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys">Timeline of activities involving the Proud Boys</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Timeline_of_crimes_involving_the_Order_of_Nine_Angles" title="Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles">Timeline of crimes involving the Order of Nine Angles</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/James_Allsup" title="James Allsup">James Allsup</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Andrew_Anglin" title="Andrew Anglin">Andrew Anglin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Weev" title="Weev">Andrew "weev" Auernheimer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Bannon" title="Steve Bannon">Steve Bannon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vox_Day" title="Vox Day">Theodore "Vox Day" Beale</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Carl_Benjamin" title="Carl Benjamin">Carl "Sargon of Akkad" Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Owen_Benjamin" title="Owen Benjamin">Owen Benjamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Don_Black_(white_supremacist)" title="Don Black (white supremacist)">Don Black</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Peter_Brimelow" title="Peter Brimelow">Peter Brimelow</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Cantwell" title="Christopher Cantwell">Christopher Cantwell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Cernovich" title="Mike Cernovich">Mike Cernovich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alain_de_Benoist" title="Alain de Benoist">Alain de Benoist</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/John_Derbyshire" title="John Derbyshire">John Derbyshire</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Donovan_(writer)" class="mw-redirect" title="Jack Donovan (writer)">Jack Donovan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Duke" title="David Duke">David Duke</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mike_Enoch" title="Mike Enoch">Mike Enoch</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Guillaume_Faye" title="Guillaume Faye">Guillaume Faye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Haakon_Forwald" title="Haakon Forwald">Haakon Forwald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daniel_Friberg" title="Daniel Friberg">Daniel Friberg</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Fuentes" title="Nick Fuentes">Nick Fuentes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jean-Fran%C3%A7ois_Gari%C3%A9py" title="Jean-François Gariépy">Jean-François Gariépy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ben_Garrison" title="Ben Garrison">Ben Garrison</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Augustus_Sol_Invictus" title="Augustus Sol Invictus">Austin "Augustus Sol Invictus" Gillespie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Baked_Alaska_(livestreamer)" title="Baked Alaska (livestreamer)">Tim "Baked Alaska" Gionet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Faith_Goldy" title="Faith Goldy">Faith Goldy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Gottfried" title="Paul Gottfried">Paul Gottfried</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Christopher_Paul_Hasson" title="Christopher Paul Hasson">Christopher Paul Hasson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Matthew_Heimbach" title="Matthew Heimbach">Matthew Heimbach</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Michael_A._Hoffman_II" title="Michael A. Hoffman II">Michael A. Hoffman II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sam_Hyde" title="Sam Hyde">Sam Hyde</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Charles_C._Johnson" title="Charles C. Johnson">Charles C. Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Greg_Johnson_(white_nationalist)" title="Greg Johnson (white nationalist)">Greg Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Daniel_Johnson" title="William Daniel Johnson">William Daniel Johnson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Jones" title="Alex Jones">Alex Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arthur_J._Jones" title="Arthur J. Jones">Arthur J. Jones</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Jorjani" title="Jason Jorjani">Jason Jorjani</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ruuben_Kaalep" title="Ruuben Kaalep">Ruuben Kaalep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tom_Kawcyznski" title="Tom Kawcyznski">Tom Kawcyznski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jason_Kessler" title="Jason Kessler">Jason Kessler</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Douglas_Murray_(author)" title="Douglas Murray (author)">Douglas Murray </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_King" title="Steve King">Steve King</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Elliott_Kline" title="Elliott Kline">Elliott Kline</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nick_Land" title="Nick Land">Nick Land</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alex_Linder" title="Alex Linder">Alex Linder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lana_Lokteff" title="Lana Lokteff">Lana Lokteff</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Laura_Loomer" title="Laura Loomer">Laura Loomer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Norman_Lowell" title="Norman Lowell">Norman Lowell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kevin_MacDonald_(evolutionary_psychologist)" title="Kevin MacDonald (evolutionary psychologist)">Kevin MacDonald</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jeremy_MacKenzie_(activist)" title="Jeremy MacKenzie (activist)">Jeremy MacKenzie</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/James_Mason_(neo-Nazi)" title="James Mason (neo-Nazi)">James Mason</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_McNallen" title="Stephen McNallen">Stephen McNallen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merlin_Miller" title="Merlin Miller">Merlin Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stephen_Miller_(political_advisor)" title="Stephen Miller (political advisor)">Stephen Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Stefan_Molyneux" title="Stefan Molyneux">Stefan Molyneux</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Nehlen" title="Paul Nehlen">Paul Nehlen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/GypsyCrusader" title="GypsyCrusader">Paul "GypsyCrusader" Nicholas Miller</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethan_Nordean" title="Ethan Nordean">Ethan Nordean</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Posobiec" title="Jack Posobiec">Jack Posobiec</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bronze_Age_Pervert" title="Bronze Age Pervert">Bronze Age Pervert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Ray_Ramsey" title="Paul Ray Ramsey">Paul Ray Ramsey</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/William_Regnery_II" title="William Regnery II">William Regnery II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jack_Renshaw_(terrorist)" title="Jack Renshaw (terrorist)">Jack Renshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Millennial_Woes" title="Millennial Woes">Colin "Millennial Woes" Robertson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Steve_Sailer" title="Steve Sailer">Steve Sailer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Martin_Sellner" title="Martin Sellner">Martin Sellner</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thomas_Sewell_(neo-Nazi)" title="Thomas Sewell (neo-Nazi)">Thomas Sewell</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lauren_Southern" title="Lauren Southern">Lauren Southern</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Richard_B._Spencer" title="Richard B. Spencer">Richard B. Spencer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Brett_Stevens" title="Brett Stevens">Brett Stevens</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jared_Taylor" title="Jared Taylor">Jared Taylor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tila_Tequila" title="Tila Tequila">Tila Tequila</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Roosh_V" title="Roosh V">Daryush "Roosh V" Valizadeh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Varg_Vikernes" title="Varg Vikernes">Varg Vikernes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Paul_Joseph_Watson" title="Paul Joseph Watson">Paul Joseph Watson</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucian_Wintrich" title="Lucian Wintrich">Lucian Wintrich</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Curtis_Yarvin" title="Curtis Yarvin">Curtis Yarvin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Milo_Yiannopoulos" title="Milo Yiannopoulos">Milo Yiannopoulos</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%;line-height:1.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Responses_to_the_alt-right" title="Responses to the alt-right">Opposition and criticism</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Antifa_(United_States)" title="Antifa (United States)">Antifa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Destiny_(streamer)" title="Destiny (streamer)">Steven "Destiny" Bonnell II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vaush" title="Vaush">Ian "Vaush" Kochinski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hbomberguy" title="Hbomberguy">Harry "Hbomberguy" Brewis</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Innuendo_Studios" title="Innuendo Studios">Ian "Innuendo Studios" Danskin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Robert_Evans_(journalist)" title="Robert Evans (journalist)">Robert Evans</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Emily_Gorcenski" title="Emily Gorcenski">Emily Gorcenski</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Daryle_Lamont_Jenkins" title="Daryle Lamont Jenkins">Daryle Lamont Jenkins</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Angela_Nagle" title="Angela Nagle">Angela Nagle</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/David_Neiwert" title="David Neiwert">David Neiwert</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shaun_(YouTuber)" title="Shaun (YouTuber)">Shaun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philosophy_Tube" class="mw-redirect" title="Philosophy Tube">Abigail "Philosophy Tube" Thorn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/ContraPoints" title="ContraPoints">Natalie "ContraPoints" Wynn</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Donna_Zuckerberg" title="Donna Zuckerberg">Donna Zuckerberg</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Media</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alt-America:_The_Rise_of_the_Radical_Right_in_the_Age_of_Trump" class="mw-redirect" title="Alt-America: The Rise of the Radical Right in the Age of Trump">Alt-America</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Culture_Warlords" title="Culture Warlords">Culture Warlords</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Devil%27s_Bargain" title="Devil's Bargain">Devil's Bargain</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Feels_Good_Man" title="Feels Good Man">Feels Good Man</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/I_Don%27t_Speak_German" title="I Don't Speak German">I Don't Speak German</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/It_Came_From_Something_Awful" class="mw-redirect" title="It Came From Something Awful">It Came From Something Awful</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kill_All_Normies" title="Kill All Normies">Kill All Normies</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Knowledge_Fight" title="Knowledge Fight">Knowledge Fight</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/White_Right:_Meeting_the_Enemy" title="White Right: Meeting the Enemy">White Right: Meeting the Enemy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Video_game_controversies" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1239400231"><div class="navbar plainlinks hlist navbar-mini"><ul><li class="nv-view"><a href="/wiki/Template:Video_game_controversy" title="Template:Video game controversy"><abbr title="View this template">v</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-talk"><a href="/wiki/Template_talk:Video_game_controversy" title="Template talk:Video game controversy"><abbr title="Discuss this template">t</abbr></a></li><li class="nv-edit"><a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Template:Video_game_controversy" title="Special:EditPage/Template:Video game controversy"><abbr title="Edit this template">e</abbr></a></li></ul></div><div id="Video_game_controversies" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Video_game_controversies" title="Video game controversies">Video game controversies</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_controversial_video_games" title="List of controversial video games">List of controversial video games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_culture" title="Video game culture">Video game culture</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Game-specific</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Death_Race_(1976_video_game)" title="Death Race (1976 video game)">Death Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Custer%27s_Revenge" title="Custer's Revenge">Custer's Revenge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Controversies_surrounding_Mortal_Kombat" title="Controversies surrounding Mortal Kombat">Mortal Kombat</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Night_Trap" title="Night Trap">Night Trap</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Jynx" title="Jynx">Jynx</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Islamic_Fun" title="Islamic Fun">Islamic Fun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/The_Guy_Game" title="The Guy Game">The Guy Game</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hot_Coffee_(minigame)" title="Hot Coffee (minigame)">Hot Coffee</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/JFK_Reloaded" title="JFK Reloaded">JFK Reloaded</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Super_Columbine_Massacre_RPG!" title="Super Columbine Massacre RPG!">Super Columbine Massacre RPG!</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Muslim_Massacre_(video_game)" title="Muslim Massacre (video game)">Muslim Massacre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ethnic_Cleansing_(video_game)" title="Ethnic Cleansing (video game)">Ethnic Cleansing</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/RapeLay" title="RapeLay">RapeLay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/V-Tech_Rampage" title="V-Tech Rampage">V-Tech Rampage</a></li> <li>"<a href="/wiki/No_Russian" title="No Russian">No Russian</a>"</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Six_Days_in_Fallujah" title="Six Days in Fallujah">Six Days in Fallujah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mass_Effect_3_ending_controversy" title="Mass Effect 3 ending controversy">Mass Effect 3 ending</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Digital_Homicide_Studios" title="Digital Homicide Studios">Digital Homicide Studios</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Active_Shooter" title="Active Shooter">Active Shooter</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Harassment and workplace misconduct</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Crunch_(video_games)" title="Crunch (video games)">Crunch culture</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/California_Department_of_Fair_Employment_and_Housing_v._Activision_Blizzard" title="California Department of Fair Employment and Housing v. Activision Blizzard">California v. Activision Blizzard</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Activision_Blizzard_worker_organization" title="Activision Blizzard worker organization">ABK Workers Alliance</a></li></ul></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Gamergate</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other controversies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Blitzchung_controversy" title="Blitzchung controversy">Blitzchung controversy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_video_games" title="Cheating in video games">Cheating in video games</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_esports" title="Cheating in esports">esports</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cheating_in_online_games" title="Cheating in online games">online games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Death_of_Brandon_Crisp" title="Death of Brandon Crisp">Death of Brandon Crisp</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Swatting" title="Swatting">Swatting</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/2017_Wichita_swatting" title="2017 Wichita swatting">2017 Wichita swatting</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Counter-Strike_match_fixing_scandal" title="Counter-Strike match fixing scandal">Counter-Strike match fixing scandal</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Corrupted_Blood_incident" title="Corrupted Blood incident">Corrupted Blood incident</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Social aspects</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_censorship" title="Video game censorship">Censorship</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_banned_video_games_by_country" title="List of banned video games by country">banned games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/List_of_regionally_censored_video_games" title="List of regionally censored video games">regionally censored games</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cyberbullying" title="Cyberbullying">Cyberbullying</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_games_as_an_art_form" title="Video games as an art form">Form of art</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Gender_representation_in_video_games" title="Gender representation in video games">Gender representation</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/LGBT_themes_in_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="LGBT themes in video games">LGBTQ+ themes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game%E2%80%93related_health_problems" title="Video game–related health problems">Health problems</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_addiction" title="Video game addiction">addiction</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Simulator_sickness" title="Simulator sickness">Simulator sickness</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Virtual_reality_sickness" title="Virtual reality sickness">VR sickness</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Race_and_video_games" title="Race and video games">Race</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Review_bomb" title="Review bomb">Review bomb</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_review-bombing_incidents" title="List of review-bombing incidents">List</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Religion_and_video_games" title="Religion and video games">Religion</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sexual_content_in_video_games" title="Sexual content in video games">Sexual content</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Eroge" title="Eroge">Eroge</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lolicon" title="Lolicon">Lolicon</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shotacon" title="Shotacon">Shotacon</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Violence_and_video_games" title="Violence and video games">Violence</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Women_and_video_games" title="Women and video games">Women</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sexism_and_video_games" title="Sexism and video games">Sexism</a></li></ul></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Legal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd wraplinks" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Intellectual_property_protection_of_video_games" title="Intellectual property protection of video games">Intellectual property rights</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Recordings_Act_1984" title="Video Recordings Act 1984">Video Recordings Act 1984</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/1993_United_States_Senate_hearings_on_video_games" class="mw-redirect" title="1993 United States Senate hearings on video games">1993 U.S. Senate hearings</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Family_Entertainment_Protection_Act" title="Family Entertainment Protection Act">Family Entertainment Protection Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shutdown_law" title="Shutdown law">Shutdown law</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Truth_in_Video_Game_Rating_Act" title="Truth in Video Game Rating Act">Truth in Video Game Rating Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_Game_Decency_Act" title="Video Game Decency Act">Video Game Decency Act</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Law_3037/2002" title="Law 3037/2002">Law 3037/2002</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Microtransaction" title="Microtransaction">Microtransactions</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loot_box" title="Loot box">Loot boxes</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Notice_of_the_National_Press_and_Publication_Administration_on_Further_Strict_Management_and_Effective_Prevention_of_Minors%27_Addiction_to_Online_Games" title="Notice of the National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games">Notice of the National Press and Publication Administration on Further Strict Management and Effective Prevention of Minors' Addiction to Online Games</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Video_game_piracy" title="Video game piracy">Video game piracy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Skin_gambling" title="Skin gambling">Skin gambling</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Lawsuits</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Brown_v._Entertainment_Merchants_Association" title="Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association">Brown v. Entertainment Merchants Association</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Entertainment_Software_Ass%27n_v._Foti" title="Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti">Entertainment Software Ass'n v. Foti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Apple" title="Epic Games v. Apple">Epic Games v. Apple</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Epic_Games_v._Google" title="Epic Games v. Google">Epic Games v. Google</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Strickland_v._Sony" title="Strickland v. Sony">Strickland v. Sony</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1130092004">.mw-parser-output .portal-bar{font-size:88%;font-weight:bold;display:flex;justify-content:center;align-items:baseline}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-bordered{padding:0 2em;background-color:#fdfdfd;border:1px solid #a2a9b1;clear:both;margin:1em auto 0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-related{font-size:100%;justify-content:flex-start}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-unbordered{padding:0 1.7em;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-header{margin:0 1em 0 0.5em;flex:0 0 auto;min-height:24px}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content{display:flex;flex-flow:row wrap;flex:0 1 auto;padding:0.15em 0;column-gap:1em;align-items:baseline;margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-content-related{margin:0;list-style:none}.mw-parser-output .portal-bar-item{display:inline-block;margin:0.15em 0.2em;min-height:24px;line-height:24px}@media screen and 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src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/19px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/29px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f9/Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg/38px-Crystal_Clear_app_linneighborhood.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="407" data-file-height="407" /></a> <a href="/wiki/Portal:Internet" title="Portal:Internet">Internet</a></li><li class="portal-bar-item"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/19px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png" decoding="async" width="19" height="19" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0d/Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg/29px-Newspaper_nicu_buculei_01.svg.png 1.5x, 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34 Template:Sfnp"," 6.23% 231.030 29 Template:Cite_book"," 4.11% 152.456 29 Template:R"," 3.77% 139.722 42 Template:R/ref"," 3.70% 137.187 1 Template:Infobox_civilian_attack"," 3.57% 132.264 1 Template:Infobox"]},"scribunto":{"limitreport-timeusage":{"value":"2.412","limit":"10.000"},"limitreport-memusage":{"value":20275527,"limit":52428800},"limitreport-logs":"anchor_id_list = table#1 {\n [\"CITEREFAghazadeh2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAhmedMarco2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlberty2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlbrechtCockett2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAlexander2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAnders2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAndrew_Paul2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFAngela2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFAntonsenAskKarlstrøm2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBarnes2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBatchelor2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBenklerFarisRoberts2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBernstein2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBindmanBoteRegimbal2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBorchersKeohane2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBraithwaite2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBray2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBrightman2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBrodeur2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFBrustein2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurgessMatamoros-Fernández2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFBurrows\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCaesar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCampbell2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCellan-Jones2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChangYu2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChessShaw2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCho2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFChu2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFColeman2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2014a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCooper2014b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCornish2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCrecente2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCross2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCulver2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFCupaiuolo2012\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDel_Rosario2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDenkinson2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDewey2014a\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDewey2014b\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDewey2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDockterman2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFDouglas2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFDring2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEaton2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFElder2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEmery2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvans2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEvansJanish2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFEördögh2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarokhmanesh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFarokhmanesh2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFilipovic2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrank2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFraser2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFried2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFFrye2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarfield2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGarza2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGasserZittrainFarisJones2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGaudiosi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoforth2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGoldman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGrayBuyukozturkHill2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreen2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFGreengard2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHall2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFHanson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHathaway2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHawley2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHenley2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHern2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHern2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHeronBelfordGoker2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHerzog2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHess2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHoffowerDavis2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHudson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFHurley2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIngraham2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIp2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFIto2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJane2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJane_McManus2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJason2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJeong2016\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFJeong2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFJohnston2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFKabas2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKamen2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKaplan2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKayyaliO\u0026#039;Brien2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelion2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKelleher2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeller2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKeogh2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKerzner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKessler2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiddTurner2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKiefferWoodbury2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKlee2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKnibbs2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKolhatkar2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKorfhage2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKubas-Meyer2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFKulwin2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFL._Rhodes2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLapowsky2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLayden2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLee2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLees2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLeigh2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLevy2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFLocker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMachkovech2015\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMaiberg2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMaiberg2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMalone2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMantilla2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartens2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartens2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMartens2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassanari2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassanari2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassanariChess2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMassing2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatias,_J._N.Johnson,_A.Boesel,_W._E.Keegan,_B.2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMatt2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMattise2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcCormick2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcDonald2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMcLaughlin2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMcWhertor2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMelendez2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMendoza2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMercante2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMerlan2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMeyer2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMilburn2018\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFMorris2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortensen2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMortensenSihvonen2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMurray2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFMusgrave2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNakamura2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNeiwert2017\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFNewton2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNieborgFoxman2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFNutt2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Brien2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Connell2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFO\u0026#039;Rourke2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFObama2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOhlheiser2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpam2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOpsahl2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFOrland2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParker2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParkin2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFParrish2024\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPaul2021\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPearl2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPhillips2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlante2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlante2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPlunkett2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPoland2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFProkos2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFPurchase2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQuinn2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFQvist2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRaoSandlerKelleherMiller2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRawlinson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReed2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReeve2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFReich2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRingo2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRobertson2017\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFRobinson2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRogersHerrman2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2014\"] = 4,\n [\"CITEREFRomano2020\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosario2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenberg2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRosenburg2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFRott2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSalter2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSanghani2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSarkeesian2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchaub2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSchubert2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFScimeca2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFShawChess2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherr2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSherrCarson2017\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSinclair2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSingal2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFSmith2016\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSnider\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSottek2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSteele2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStone2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStraumsheim2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFStuart2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFSuellentrop2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTakahashi2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTakahasi2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTalia2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTeitellBorchers2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFThériault2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiffany2022\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTiku2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTito2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsukayama2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFTsukayama2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrban2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFUrquhart2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFValenti2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVanDerWerff2014\"] = 3,\n [\"CITEREFVanDerWerffRomano2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFVorel2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWagner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWallace2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWarzel2019\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWaugh2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeber2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFWeiner2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWeinman2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWellsRomhanyiReitmanGardner2023\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWheaton2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWhitford2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilde2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilliams2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWilson2018\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWingfield2014\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWingfield2015\"] = 1,\n [\"CITEREFWofford2014\"] = 2,\n [\"CITEREFZiebart2014\"] = 1,\n}\ntemplate_list = table#1 {\n [\"!\"] = 1,\n [\"'\"] = 4,\n [\"'\\\"\"] = 1,\n [\"Alt-right footer\"] = 1,\n [\"Anl\"] = 3,\n [\"Authority control\"] = 1,\n [\"Britannica\"] = 1,\n [\"Citation\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite book\"] = 29,\n [\"Cite conference\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite interview\"] = 3,\n [\"Cite journal\"] = 16,\n [\"Cite magazine\"] = 14,\n [\"Cite news\"] = 78,\n [\"Cite report\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite speech\"] = 1,\n [\"Cite web\"] = 139,\n [\"Commons category\"] = 1,\n [\"Efn\"] = 4,\n [\"End date\"] = 1,\n [\"Gamergate (harassment campaign)\"] = 1,\n [\"Harvp\"] = 36,\n [\"Harvtxt\"] = 4,\n [\"Hlist\"] = 1,\n [\"Infobox civilian attack\"] = 1,\n [\"Nbsp\"] = 19,\n [\"Notelist\"] = 1,\n [\"Nowrap\"] = 1,\n [\"Overquotation\"] = 1,\n [\"Page needed\"] = 1,\n [\"Portal bar\"] = 1,\n [\"Pp-30-500\"] = 1,\n [\"R\"] = 29,\n [\"Redirects here\"] = 1,\n [\"Reflist\"] = 1,\n [\"See also\"] = 1,\n [\"Sfn\"] = 3,\n [\"Sfnp\"] = 34,\n [\"Short description\"] = 1,\n [\"Sic\"] = 1,\n [\"Snd\"] = 1,\n [\"Start date\"] = 1,\n [\"Too long\"] = 1,\n [\"US$\"] = 1,\n [\"Use American English\"] = 1,\n [\"Use mdy dates\"] = 1,\n [\"Video game controversy\"] = 1,\n [\"Wiktionary\"] = 1,\n}\narticle_whitelist = table#1 {\n}\n","limitreport-profile":[["dataWrapper 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