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<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures - Maureen Warner Lewis, Maureen Warner-Lewis - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_ff77d0f0508c7e0bad470e7d6b7f28fa/kl_about_this_book_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/atb_ff77d0f0508c7e0bad470e7d6b7f28fa__en.js"></script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Central_Africa_in_the_Caribbean.html?id=cMARCr6HoB4C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Central_Africa_in_the_Caribbean.html?id=cMARCr6HoB4C"/><meta name="title" content="Central Africa in the Caribbean"/><meta name="description" content="Central Africa in the Caribbean is the product of more than three decades of research. Maureen Warner-Lewis's pioneering study analyses some of the main lineaments of the Central African cultural legacy in the Caribbean, with fascinating transatlantic comparative data. She identifies Central African cultural forms in areas settled by the Koongo, Mbundu and Ovimbundu (the two present-day Congos and Angola) and illuminates Caribbean thought and customs through comparison with those cultures. The work is based on extensive primary and secondary sources, oral interviews, folk-tales, and songs. Additionally, through her knowledge of the functional languages of the region - Spanish, English, French, and their creoles - Warner-Lewis accesses a wide range of pre-existing research on the Central African cultural impact on the Americas; this gives her work a unique pan-Caribbean breadth. Warner-Lewis's multidisciplinary approach highlights the debate concerning the origin and transformation of cultural forms in the Caribbean against a larger background of African culture and economy, and Atlantic World colonialism and slavery. This book is invaluable for scholars and general readers interested in African diaspora studies, African and Caribbean history, linguistics, music, religion, and cultural anthropology."/><meta property="og:title" content="Central Africa in the Caribbean"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE70TFnbw91VmxEqOzgRnWi_j2AQSPtA20u6jSexHJ0bvDW7Ttxhr1a0d5I41ufvrS5cEP1tAnWXpKnVxVFq7m2ElRLtKkVi_zGGX9TorJ654PzA0wQDMh2KonLqwMIn8vCzKITds"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE70TFnbw91VmxEqOzgRnWi_j2AQSPtA20u6jSexHJ0bvDW7Ttxhr1a0d5I41ufvrS5cEP1tAnWXpKnVxVFq7m2ElRLtKkVi_zGGX9TorJ654PzA0wQDMh2KonLqwMIn8vCzKITds"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DcMARCr6HoB4C%26source%3Dgbs_navlinks_s%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&source=gbs_navlinks_s&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. 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Maureen Warner-Lewis's pioneering study analyses some of the main lineaments of the Central African cultural legacy in the Caribbean, with fascinating transatlantic comparative data. She identifies Central African cultural forms in areas settled by the Koongo, Mbundu and Ovimbundu (the two present-day Congos and Angola) and illuminates Caribbean thought and customs through comparison with those cultures.</p> <p>The work is based on extensive primary and secondary sources, oral interviews, folk-tales, and songs. Additionally, through her knowledge of the functional languages of the region - Spanish, English, French, and their creoles - Warner-Lewis accesses a wide range of pre-existing research on the Central African cultural impact on the Americas; this gives her work a unique pan-Caribbean breadth.</p> <p>Warner-Lewis's multidisciplinary approach highlights the debate concerning the origin and transformation of cultural forms in the Caribbean against a larger background of African culture and economy, and Atlantic World colonialism and slavery. This book is invaluable for scholars and general readers interested in African diaspora studies, African and Caribbean history, linguistics, music, religion, and cultural anthropology.</p></div></div></div><div class="search_box_wrapper"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="id" value="cMARCr6HoB4C"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Search inside" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Search inside"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form><div id="preview-link"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&printsec=frontcover" class="primary"><span dir=ltr>Preview this book</span> »</a></div></div></td> </tr></table><div id="summary-second-column"></div></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="selected_pages_anchor"></a>Selected pages</h3><div id=selected_pages class=about_content><div id=selected_pages_v><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PR3&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2ZBFcQmCwrF4Sy3O81wDPMHTmgPQ" alt="Title Page" title="Title Page" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PR3&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Title Page</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PR7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PR7&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2Vjs7H0UHrNAyRSr-17l2Ypi1ahw" alt="Table of Contents" title="Table of Contents" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PR7&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Table of Contents</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA386&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA386&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U24UqDMrrjCNJf7x1ojAP6FCGxh3A" alt="Index" title="Index" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA386&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >Index</a></div><div class="selectedpagesthumbnail"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA360&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" ><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA360&img=1&zoom=1&sig=ACfU3U2MzBTGZb8BqFz9vzQfJGCKk1iJEQ" alt="References" title="References" height="160" border="1"></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA360&source=gbs_selected_pages&cad=1" >References</a></div><div style="clear:both;"></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="toc_anchor"></a>Contents</h3><div id=toc class=about_content><div id=toc_v><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>West Central Africa after European Contact </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>1</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Outer limits and provinces of the Kingdom </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>4</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Some Koongo subgroups </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>16</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Figures </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>25</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Experiences of Enslavement </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>28</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Nkuumbu ntele </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>30</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Njebele </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>36</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>musket 1815 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>51</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Christianity and Associated Religions </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>176</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Tala mukinji </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>182</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Ritual War and Masquerade </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>199</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Who bar mi bani </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>212</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>die I die </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>217</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Games Dance and Music </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>227</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Mukila we </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>261</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Speech Culture </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>264</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/></div><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 1)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc0 style="display:none"><br>More</span><div id=toc_hd1><div class="first_toc_column"><div class="first_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Mboz e </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>54</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Central Africans as Individuals in Community </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>57</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Economic Skills and Domestic Activity </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>84</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Kyele </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>88</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap">1910 </span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>90</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Bangale </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>96</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Courtesies and Rites of Passage </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>108</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Pussy 11819 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>118</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Yenge </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>125</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Religious Cosmology and Praxis </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>138</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Kobi </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>150</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><div class="second_toc_column"><div class="second_toc_pad"><table><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Tilika </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>271</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>B貌n ju makum猫 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>277</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Language Legacy </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>303</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>1ab Brother and sister of Koongo Hausa </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>305</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Ba mbale 31314 </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>313</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>tumba francesca ensembles </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>326</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Conclusion </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>330</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Notes </span></span></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>345</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA360&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2" ><span title="References " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>References </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>360</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&pg=PA386&source=gbs_toc_r&cad=2" ><span title="Index " style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Index </span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right>386</td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_entry"><div class="toc_entry"><a class="primary" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&printsec=copyright" ><span title="Copyright" style="white-space:nowrap"><span dir=ltr>Copyright</span></span></a></div></td><td class="toc_number" align=right></td></tr><tr><td class="toc_border"> </td><td class="toc_border"></td></tr></table></div></div><br style="clear:both;"/><span onclick="_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0)" class=morelesslink id=toc_hc1 style="display:none"><br>Less</span></div><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_setListSectionVisible']) {_OC_setListSectionVisible('toc_h', 0);}</script></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="book_other_versions_anchor"></a>Other editions - <a href='https://books.google.com.sg/books?q=editions:ISBN9766401187&id=cMARCr6HoB4C'>View all</a></h3><div id=book_other_versions class=about_content><div id=book_other_versions_v><div class="one-third-column"><div class="crsiwrapper"><table class="rsi" cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 border=0><tr><td class="coverdstd" align="center"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=hFFsAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3" ><img alt="" class="coverthumb hover-card-attach-point" src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=hFFsAAAAMAAJ&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5" border="0" height="80"></a></td><td valign=top><div class=resbdy><a class="primary cresbdy" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=hFFsAAAAMAAJ&source=gbs_book_other_versions_r&cad=3"><span dir=ltr>Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures</span></a><br><span style="line-height: 1.3em; font-size:-1;"><span><a href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Maureen+Warner-Lewis%22" class="secondary"><span dir=ltr>Maureen Warner-Lewis</span></a></span><br/><span><span style="color:#999">Snippet view</span> - 2003</span><br/></span></div></td><td align=right></td></tr></table></div></div><script>(function () {var fn = window['_OC_WSBookList'] || window['_OC_BookList'];fn && fn('book_other_versions', [{"title":"Central Africa in the Caribbean","authors":"Maureen Warner-Lewis","bib_key":"UTEXAS:059173012237410","pub_date":"2003","snippet":"A sweeping, multidisciplinary study that analyzes and identifies some of the main lineaments of the Central African cultural legacy in the Caribbean. This long-awaited study is ...","subject":"History","info_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=hFFsAAAAMAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","preview_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=hFFsAAAAMAAJ\u0026source=gbs_book_other_versions","thumbnail_url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=hFFsAAAAMAAJ\u0026printsec=frontcover\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=1","num_pages":444,"viewability":1,"preview":"noview","embeddable":false,"my_ebooks_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fas_coll%3D7\u0026hl=en","can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false,"subtitle":"Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures"}]);})();</script></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="word_cloud_anchor"></a>Common terms and phrases</h3><div id=word_cloud class=about_content><div id=word_cloud_v><style type="text/css">.cloud9 {color: #7777cc;font-size: 10px;}.cloud8 {color: #6963CC;font-size: 10.5px;}.cloud7 {color: #6057CC;font-size: 11px;}.cloud6 {color: #574BCC;font-size: 11.5px;}.cloud5 {color: #4E3DCC;font-size: 12px;}.cloud4 {color: #4632CC;font-size: 14px;}.cloud3 {color: #3D26CC;font-size: 16px;}.cloud2 {color: #341ACC;font-size: 18px;}.cloud1 {color: #2B0DCC;font-size: 20px;}.cloud0 {color: #2200CC;font-size: 22px;}.cloud {margin-top: 4px;line-height: 24px;}.cloud a {margin-right: 6px;text-decoration: none;}.cloud a:hover {text-decoration: underline;}</style><div class=cloud><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=ancestors&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>ancestors</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Angola&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Angola</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Balandier+1968&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Balandier 1968</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=bamboo&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>bamboo</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Bantu&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Bantu</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Bilby+and+Bunseki&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Bilby and Bunseki</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Bongo&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Bongo</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=British&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>British</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Cabrera&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Cabrera</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=called&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>called</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=capoeira&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>capoeira</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Caribbean&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Caribbean</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=cassava&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>cassava</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Catholic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Catholic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Central+African&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Central African</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=ceremony&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>ceremony</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=child&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>child</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Christian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Christian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Coast&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Coast</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Colombia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Colombia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=colonial&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>colonial</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Congo&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Congo</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Creole&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Creole</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Cuba&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Cuba</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Cuban&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Cuban</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=CuKo&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>CuKo</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=cult&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>cult</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=cultural&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>cultural</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Cura%C3%A7ao&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Cura莽ao</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=dance&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>dance</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=dancers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>dancers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=dead&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>dead</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=death&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>death</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=derived&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>derived</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=descendants&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>descendants</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=drum&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>drum</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=drummers&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>drummers</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Elder&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Elder</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=enslaved&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>enslaved</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=ethnic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>ethnic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=European&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>European</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=fire&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>fire</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=French&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>French</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Garc%C3%ADa+Gonz%C3%A1lez&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Garc铆a Gonz谩lez</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=gloss&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>gloss</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=grave&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>grave</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Guadeloupe&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Guadeloupe</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Guyana&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Guyana</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Haiti&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Haiti</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Haitian&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Haitian</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Hambly&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>Hambly</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=hand&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>hand</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=island&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>island</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Jamaica&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Jamaica</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Kakongo&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Kakongo</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=kalinda&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>kalinda</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=king&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>king</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Koongo&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>Koongo</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Kumina&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Kumina</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=kuna&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>kuna</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Laman&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Laman</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=language&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>language</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Loango&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Loango</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Luanda&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Luanda</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=MacGaffey+1986&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>MacGaffey 1986</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=magic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>magic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=male&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>male</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Maroons&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Maroons</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=mayaal&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>mayaal</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Mbanza&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Mbanza</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=mbumba&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>mbumba</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Mbundu&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Mbundu</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=meaning&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>meaning</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=minkisi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>minkisi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Monteiro&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Monteiro</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=mother&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>mother</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Negroes&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>Negroes</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=nganga&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>nganga</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=nineteenth+century&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>nineteenth century</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=nkisi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>nkisi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Nsundi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Nsundi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Nzambi&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Nzambi</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Ovimbundu&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud0"><span dir=ltr>Ovimbundu</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=palero&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>palero</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=palm&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>palm</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=person&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>person</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=played&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>played</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=player&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>player</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Portuguese&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>Portuguese</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=priest&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>priest</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=reference&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>reference</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=religion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>religion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=religious&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud6"><span dir=ltr>religious</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=rhythm&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>rhythm</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=rites&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>rites</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=ritual&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>ritual</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=river&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>river</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Sambia&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>Sambia</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Schuler&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>Schuler</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=slavery&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>slavery</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=slaves&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud1"><span dir=ltr>slaves</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=social&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>social</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=songs&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>songs</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=spirit&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>spirit</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=stick&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>stick</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=stick-fight&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud5"><span dir=ltr>stick-fight</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Suriname&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Suriname</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=term&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>term</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=tion&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>tion</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=trade&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>trade</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=traditional&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>traditional</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=tree&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>tree</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Trinidad&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud2"><span dir=ltr>Trinidad</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=village&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>village</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=vodun&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>vodun</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=West+Atlantic&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>West Atlantic</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=West+Central&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud9"><span dir=ltr>West Central</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=West+India+Regiment&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud4"><span dir=ltr>West India Regiment</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=West+Indies&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>West Indies</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=women&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud8"><span dir=ltr>women</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=word&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud7"><span dir=ltr>word</span></a> <a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&q=Yoruba&source=gbs_word_cloud_r&cad=4" class="cloud3"><span dir=ltr>Yoruba</span></a></div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class=about_title><a name="about_author_anchor"></a>About the author <span style="color:#666; font-weight:normal">(2003)</span></h3><div id=about_author class=about_content><div id=about_author_v><div class=textmodulecontent>MAUREEN WARNER-LEWIS is Professor Emerita, African-Caribbean Language and Orature, Department of Literatures in English, University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica. Her many publications include E. Kamau Brathwaite?s ?Masks?: Essays and Annotations; Yoruba Songs of Trinidad; Trinidad Yoruba: From Mother Tongue to Memory; Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures; and Archibald Monteath: Igbo, Jamaican, Moravian. </div></div></div></div><div class=vertical_module_list_row><h3 class="about_title">Bibliographic information</h3><div class="about_content" id="metadata_content" style="padding-bottom:.3em"><div class="metadata_sectionwrap"><table id="metadata_content_table"><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label">Title</td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>Central Africa in the Caribbean: Transcending Time, Transforming Cultures</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Authors</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Maureen+Warner+Lewis%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Maureen Warner Lewis</span></a>, <a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=inauthor:%22Maureen+Warner-Lewis%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Maureen Warner-Lewis</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Edition</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>illustrated</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Publisher</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>University of West Indies Press, 2003</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>ISBN</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>9766401187, 9789766401184</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Length</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><span dir=ltr>391 pages</span></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Subjects</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">History</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Caribbean+%26+West+Indies%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">Caribbean & West Indies</span></a></div> › <div style="display:inline" itemscope itemtype="http://data-vocabulary.org/Breadcrumb"><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+Caribbean+%26+West+Indies+General%22" itemprop="url" dir=ltr><span itemprop="title">General</span></a></div><br><br><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22HISTORY+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>HISTORY / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22History+/+Caribbean+%26+West+Indies+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>History / Caribbean & West Indies / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Literary+Criticism+/+Caribbean+%26+Latin+American%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Literary Criticism / Caribbean & Latin American</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Political+Science+/+International+Relations+/+General%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Political Science / International Relations / General</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Social+Science+/+Anthropology+/+Cultural+%26+Social%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Social Science / Anthropology / Cultural & Social</span></a><br/><a class="primary" href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tbo=p&tbm=bks&q=subject:%22Social+Science+/+Customs+%26+Traditions%22&source=gbs_metadata_r&cad=6"><span dir=ltr>Social Science / Customs & Traditions</span></a></td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td>&nbsp</td><td>&nbsp</td></tr><tr class="metadata_row"><td class="metadata_label"><span dir=ltr>Export Citation</span></td><td class="metadata_value"><a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Central_Africa_in_the_Caribbean.bibtex?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&output=bibtex"><span dir=ltr>BiBTeX</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Central_Africa_in_the_Caribbean.enw?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&output=enw"><span dir=ltr>EndNote</span></a> <a class="gb-button " href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/download/Central_Africa_in_the_Caribbean.ris?id=cMARCr6HoB4C&output=ris"><span dir=ltr>RefMan</span></a></td></tr></table></div><div 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