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action="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search"> <div id="custom-search-input"> <div class="input-group"> <i class="fas fa-search"></i> <input type="text" class="search-query" name="q" placeholder="Author, Title, Abstract, Keywords" value="slow tempo music"> <input type="submit" class="btn_search" value="Search"> </div> </div> </form> </div> </div> <div class="row mt-3"> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Commenced</strong> in January 2007</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Frequency:</strong> Monthly</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Edition:</strong> International</div> </div> </div> <div class="col-sm-3"> <div class="card"> <div class="card-body"><strong>Paper Count:</strong> 1295</div> </div> </div> </div> <h1 class="mt-3 mb-3 text-center" style="font-size:1.6rem;">Search results for: slow tempo music</h1> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1295</span> Effect of Fast and Slow Tempo Music on Muscle Endurance Time</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rohit%20Kamal">Rohit Kamal</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Devaki%20Perumal%20Rajaram"> Devaki Perumal Rajaram</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Rajam%20Krishna"> Rajam Krishna</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sai%20Kumar%20Pindagiri"> Sai Kumar Pindagiri</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Silas%20Danielraj"> Silas Danielraj</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Introduction: According to WHO, Global health observatory at least 2.8 million people die each year because of obesity and overweight. This is mainly because of the adverse metabolic effects of obesity and overweight on blood pressure, lipid profile especially cholesterol and insulin resistance. To achieve optimum health WHO has set the BMI in the range of 18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2. Due to modernization of life style, physical exercise in the form of work is no longer a possibility and hence an effective way to burn out calories to achieve the optimum BMI is the need of the hour. Studies have shown that exercising for more than 60 minutes /day helps to maintain the weight and to reduce the weight exercise should be done for 90 minutes a day. Moderate exercise for about 30 min is essential for burning up of calories. People with low endurance fail to perform even the low intensity exercise for minimal time. Hence, it is necessary to find out some effective method to increase the endurance time. Methodology: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethical committee of our college. After getting written informed consent, 25 apparently healthy males between the age group 18-20 years were selected. Subjects are with muscular disorder, subjects who are Hypertensive, Diabetes, Smokers, Alcoholics, taking drugs affecting the muscle strength. To determine the endurance time: Maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) was measured by asking the participants to squeeze the hand grip dynamometer as hard as possible and hold it for 3 seconds. This procedure was repeated thrice and the average of the three reading was taken as the maximum voluntary contraction. The participant was then asked to squeeze the dynamometer and hold it at 70% of the maximum voluntary contraction while hearing fast tempo music which was played for about ten minutes then the participant was asked to relax for ten minutes and was made to hold the hand grip dynamometer at 70% of the maximum voluntary contraction while hearing slow tempo music. To avoid the bias of getting habituated to the procedure the order of hearing for the fast and slow tempo music was changed. The time for which they can hold it at 70% of MVC was determined by using a stop watch and that was taken as the endurance time. Results: The mean value of the endurance time during fast and slow tempo music was compared in all the subjects. The mean MVC was 34.92 N. The mean endurance time was 21.8 (16.3) seconds with slow tempo music which was more then with fast tempo music with which the mean endurance time was 20.6 (11.7) seconds. The preference was more for slow tempo music then for fast tempo music. Conclusion: Music when played during exercise by some unknown mechanism helps to increase the endurance time by alleviating the symptoms of lactic acid accumulation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=endurance%20time" title="endurance time">endurance time</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=fast%20tempo%20music" title=" fast tempo music"> fast tempo music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=maximum%20voluntary%20contraction" title=" maximum voluntary contraction"> maximum voluntary contraction</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20tempo%20music" title=" slow tempo music"> slow tempo music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50730/effect-of-fast-and-slow-tempo-music-on-muscle-endurance-time" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50730.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">301</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1294</span> FlameCens: Visualization of Expressive Deviations in Music Performance</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Trantafyllou">Y. Trantafyllou</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C.%20Alexandraki"> C. Alexandraki</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music interpretation accounts to the way musicians shape their performance by deliberately deviating from composers’ intentions, which are commonly communicated via some form of music transcription, such as a music score. For transcribed and non-improvised music, music expression is manifested by introducing subtle deviations in tempo, dynamics and articulation during the evolution of performance. This paper presents an application, named FlameCens, which, given two recordings of the same piece of music, presumably performed by different musicians, allow visualising deviations in tempo and dynamics during playback. The application may also compare a certain performance to the music score of that piece (i.e. MIDI file), which may be thought of as an expression-neutral representation of that piece, hence depicting the expressive queues employed by certain performers. FlameCens uses the Dynamic Time Warping algorithm to compare two audio sequences, based on CENS (Chroma Energy distribution Normalized Statistics) audio features. Expressive deviations are illustrated in a moving flame, which is generated by an animation of particles. The length of the flame is mapped to deviations in dynamics, while the slope of the flame is mapped to tempo deviations so that faster tempo changes the slope to the right and slower tempo changes the slope to the left. Constant slope signifies no tempo deviation. The detected deviations in tempo and dynamics can be additionally recorded in a text file, which allows for offline investigation. Moreover, in the case of monophonic music, the color of particles is used to convey the pitch of the notes during performance. FlameCens has been implemented in Python and it is openly available via GitHub. The application has been experimentally validated for different music genres including classical, contemporary, jazz and popular music. These experiments revealed that FlameCens can be a valuable tool for music specialists (i.e. musicians or musicologists) to investigate the expressive performance strategies employed by different musicians, as well as for music audience to enhance their listening experience. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=audio%20synchronization" title="audio synchronization">audio synchronization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computational%20music%20analysis" title=" computational music analysis"> computational music analysis</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=expressive%20music%20performance" title=" expressive music performance"> expressive music performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=information%20visualization" title=" information visualization"> information visualization</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132396/flamecens-visualization-of-expressive-deviations-in-music-performance" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/132396.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1293</span> Effects of Major and Minor Modes to Emotional Perceptions of 'Happy' and 'Sad' in Piano Music among Students Aged 9-17</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurezlin%20Mohd%20Azib">Nurezlin Mohd Azib</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pan%20Kok%20Chang"> Pan Kok Chang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This quantitative study investigates the effects of major and minor modes, and contributing musical parameter of tempo, to the emotional perceptions of ‘happy’ and ‘sad’ in piano music among subjects aged 9-17 years old. The study was conducted in two phases; survey-questionnaire, and listening activity. Subjects (N=31) were sampled from piano music students’ population in Bangi, Selangor. In the survey-questionnaire, subjects answered 20 questions on demographic characteristics, music listening and preference, and understanding of emotional perception in music. In the listening activity, subjects listened to 20 untitled piano music excerpts and rated the emotion perceived for each excerpt, whether ‘happy’ or ‘sad’. Results from survey-questionnaire show that most percentage of subjects are 11 years old, in Grade 1, of 3 years of learning piano, prefer classical music, always listen to music, prefer both major and minor modes’ music, and find it easy to understand emotion in music, as well as major and minor modes. Results from listening activity show that 60 % of major mode music are perceived as ‘major-happy’, while 60 % too, of minor mode music are perceived as ‘minor-sad’. However, Chi-square test of independence statistical analysis indicates that there are no association and significant relationship between modes (major and minor) and ‘happy’, as well as ‘sad’ perceptions (x2 (1, N = 20) = 0.80, p = 0.371), at the significance level of p ≤ 0.05. Contrastingly, there are association and significant relationship between tempo (fast and slow), and ‘happy’, as well as ‘sad’ perceptions (x2 (1, N = 20) = 9.899, p = 0.005). Therefore, it is concluded that tempo plays an important role in effects of major and minor mode to ‘happy’ and ‘sad’ emotional perceptions in piano music among subjects aged 9 to 17 in this study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effects" title="effects">effects</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotional%20perceptions" title=" emotional perceptions"> emotional perceptions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=major%20and%20minor%20modes" title=" major and minor modes"> major and minor modes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piano%20music" title=" piano music"> piano music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55914/effects-of-major-and-minor-modes-to-emotional-perceptions-of-happy-and-sad-in-piano-music-among-students-aged-9-17" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/55914.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">216</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1292</span> Motivational Qualities of and Flow State Responses to Participant-Selected Music and Researcher-Selected Music</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Nurul%20A.%20Hamzah">Nurul A. Hamzah</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tony%20Morris"> Tony Morris</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Dan%20Van%20Der%20Westhuizen"> Dan Van Der Westhuizen</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music listening can potentially promote the achievement of flow state during exercise. Selecting music for exercise should consider the motivational factors-internal factors (music tempo and musicality) and external factors (cultural impact and association). This study was a cross-over study which was designed to examine the motivational qualities of music (participant-selected music and researcher-selected music) and flow state responses during exercise accompanying with music. 17 healthy participants (M=30.2, SD=6.3 years old) were among low physical activity individuals. Participants completed two separate sessions of 30 minutes of moderate intensity exercise (40-60% of Heart Rate Reserve) while listening to music. Half the participants at random were assigned to exercise with participant-selected music first, and half were assigned to exercise with researcher-selected music first. Parameters including flow state responses (Flow State Scale-2) and motivational music rating (Brunel Music Rating Inventory-2) were administered immediately after the exercise. Results from this study showed that there were no significant differences for both flow state t(32)=0.00, p>0.05 and motivational music rating t(32)= .393, p>0.05 between exercise with participant-selected music and exercise with researcher-selected music. Listening to music either participant or researcher selected music could promote flow experience during exercise when music is perceived as motivational. Music tempo and music preference are factors that could influence individuals to enjoy exercise and improve the exercise performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=motivational%20music" title="motivational music">motivational music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=flow%20state" title=" flow state"> flow state</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=researcher-selected%20music" title=" researcher-selected music"> researcher-selected music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=participant-selected%20music" title=" participant-selected music"> participant-selected music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50776/motivational-qualities-of-and-flow-state-responses-to-participant-selected-music-and-researcher-selected-music" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/50776.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">384</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1291</span> POP Music and Tai Chi – Movement and Stillness Intertwined in The Contemporary World</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Patricia%20Portugal%20Marques%20de%20Carvalho%20Louren%C3%A7o">Patricia Portugal Marques de Carvalho Lourenço</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Pop Music embodies both the music that is popular with the audiences and the one that is widespread amongst the general public associated with a state of mind and rhythm. Tai Chi epitomises Yin and Yang, two interconnected opposite states of being. Undivided, they are one, a neutral state of consciousness that does not swing to either pole. It remains constant and even minded. Sound flows and vibrations cause movement, a physical response to the tempo. When an excessive movement is reached leads to stillness therefore, extreme Yang leads to Yin. Pop Music and Tai Chi are comparable to state of inner being versus a state of outer being, emotional control versus emotional expression, stillness, and movement; opposites that are independent of one another yet interdependent concepts in motion. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Pop%20music" title="Pop music">Pop music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=C-Pop" title=" C-Pop"> C-Pop</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tai%20Chi" title=" Tai Chi"> Tai Chi</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Ba%20Gua" title=" Ba Gua"> Ba Gua</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=communication" title=" communication"> communication</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entertainment%20education" title=" entertainment education"> entertainment education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148595/pop-music-and-tai-chi-movement-and-stillness-intertwined-in-the-contemporary-world" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148595.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">238</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1290</span> Analysis of Tempo Indications, Segmentations, and Musical Ideas in Mozart’s Piano Sonatas</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Parham%20Bakhtiari">Parham Bakhtiari</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Musical compositions are typically examined from various perspectives, with a focus on elements such as melody, harmony, and rhythm. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of tempo indications, segmentations, and musical ideas in Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart's piano sonatas, highlighting the intricate relationship between these elements and their contribution to the overall interpretative landscape of his works. Through a detailed examination of select sonatas, the research categorizes tempo markings and explores their implications for performance practice, emphasizing how Mozart's choices reflect his compositional intentions and the stylistic conventions of the Classical era. Additionally, the segmentation of musical phrases is analyzed to reveal patterns of thematic development and transition, demonstrating how Mozart employs structural techniques to enhance expressive depth. By synthesizing these aspects, the paper aims to offer insights into the complexities of Mozart's musical language, encouraging a deeper appreciation of his sonatas both in scholarly discourse and practical performance. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mozart" title=" Mozart"> Mozart</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piano" title=" piano"> piano</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tempo" title=" tempo"> tempo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sonata" title=" sonata"> sonata</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192298/analysis-of-tempo-indications-segmentations-and-musical-ideas-in-mozarts-piano-sonatas" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/192298.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">25</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1289</span> The Effect Study of Meditation Music in the Elderly</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Metee%20Pigultong">Metee Pigultong</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The research aims at 1) composition of meditation music, 2) study of the meditation time reliability. The population is the older adults who meditated practitioners in the Thepnimitra Temple, Don Mueang District, Bangkok. The sample group was the older persons who meditated practitioners from the age of 60 with five volunteers. The research methodology was time-series to conduct the research progression. The research instruments included: 1) meditation music, 2) brain wave recording form. The research results found that 1) the music combines the binaural beats suitable for the meditation of the older persons, consisting of the following features: a) The tempo rate of the meditation music is no more than 60 beats per minute. b) The musical instruments for the meditation music arrangement include only 4-5 pieces. c) The meditation music arrangement needs to consider the nature of the right instrument. d) Digital music instruments are suitable for composition. e) The pure-tone sound combined in music must generate a brain frequency at the level of 10 Hz. 2) After the researcher conducted a 3-weeks brain training procedure, the researcher performed three tests for the reliability level using Cronbach's Alpha method. The result showed that the meditation reliability had the level = .475 as a moderate concentration. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binaural%20beats" title="binaural beats">binaural beats</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20therapy" title=" music therapy"> music therapy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meditation" title=" meditation"> meditation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=older%20person" title=" older person"> older person</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=the%20Buddhist%20meditated%20practitioners" title=" the Buddhist meditated practitioners"> the Buddhist meditated practitioners</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137607/the-effect-study-of-meditation-music-in-the-elderly" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/137607.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">191</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1288</span> Which Tempo On The Bench Press Maximizes 1 Rep Max Growth?</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Aiden%20Wang">Aiden Wang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Joseph%20Marino"> Joseph Marino</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In this study, we investigated the impact of different tempo variations on 1-repetition maximum (1RM) growth, focusing on the eccentric, isometric, and concentric phases of the lift. Through a 6-week longitudinal study involving 20 individuals with 1-5 years of barbell training experience, we compared the effects of various tempo schemes on bench press performance. Our results revealed that subjects who performed a tempo bench press with a 3-second eccentric phase, 3-second isometric phase, and explosive concentric phase on a weekly basis experienced the most significant increases in 1RM. Notably, this tempo also led to improved technique and stability during the exercise. Our findings provide valuable insights for strength trainers and coaches seeking to optimize bench press performance and overcome strength plateaus effectively. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=exercise%20science" title="exercise science">exercise science</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=powerlifting" title=" powerlifting"> powerlifting</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=barbell" title=" barbell"> barbell</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=interventionist" title=" interventionist"> interventionist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=longitudinal%20study" title=" longitudinal study"> longitudinal study</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188653/which-tempo-on-the-bench-press-maximizes-1-rep-max-growth" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/188653.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">38</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1287</span> Constructing Notation for Music Learning in Athletes: Identifying Key Concepts in Music and Body Movements</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fung%20Chiat%20Loo">Fung Chiat Loo</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fung%20Ying%20Loo"> Fung Ying Loo</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This paper discusses, suggests, and constructs a notation system to facilitate the learning and understanding of the two aspects of music and movement in a sports routine. This model serves to provide a simple and logical notation that does not require training in both music and choreography. Notation is an important medium in many art forms, particularly in music and dance, transmitting information that cannot easily be expressed using words or language. Another field that is closely associated with dance and music is sports routine, which equally requires choreography and music. However, from the perspective of music, it is common to observe many incongruencies appearing between the music used and the choreography that impede an optimal perception of the performance. The concept of the notation proceeds with a discussion and review of existing dance notations that could contribute to sports routines, along with rules and a code of points in selected sports routines. The author's involvement as an insider of numerous musical theatre productions also contributed to this study. The notation constructed includes time (tempo), significances of musical accents, direction, and phrasing, along with significances of movements (jump, punch, shape). It is believed that the level of congruence between music and movement will provide optimal visualization, and in that, the notation serves to provide adequate information on both entities for the understanding of athletes and coaches. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=notation" title="notation">notation</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=choreography" title=" choreography"> choreography</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20learning" title=" music learning"> music learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sports%20routines" title=" sports routines"> sports routines</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=congruence" title=" congruence"> congruence</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160824/constructing-notation-for-music-learning-in-athletes-identifying-key-concepts-in-music-and-body-movements" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/160824.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">83</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1286</span> A Possible Determinant of Musical Preference in Big Five Personality Traits</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peter%20S.%20Kim">Peter S. Kim</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The increasing availability of music facilitated by new technology and open sourcing has eliminated many traditional limiting factors in musical taste, creating a culture of choice. This study tested 191 international subjects, mostly young adults more decisively shaped by emerging technologies like Facebook, the platform for the study. Using an aggregated Big Five personality test, subjects were asked to self-report on questions related to extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness. Subsequently, subjects listened to five pairs of musical works reflecting opposite extremes of one of five musical qualities: tempo (fast/slow), complexity (simple/complex), degree of dissonance (tonal/atonal), familiarity (familiar/unfamiliar), and extra-musical significance (significant/not significant). Subjects were then asked to record listening times and preferences among the selections. Strikingly, this study shows a relatively high positive correlation between agreeableness and musical preferences (predicting preferences for simple, familiar, and fast music), as compared to extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism. Thus, this research suggests that the not yet well-understood relationship between personality traits and musical qualities merits further study. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20perception" title="music perception">music perception</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=psychology" title=" psychology"> psychology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cognition" title=" cognition"> cognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musical%20preference" title=" musical preference"> musical preference</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27858/a-possible-determinant-of-musical-preference-in-big-five-personality-traits" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/27858.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">313</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1285</span> Urbanization Level and Tempo (Speed) in Tigray Regional State, Ethiopia</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Fikre%20Belay%20Tekulu">Fikre Belay Tekulu</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Background and objective: The study attempts to determine the level and tempo or speed of urbanization in the Tigray regional state based on census data from 1994 to 2013 in Ethiopia. Methods: The study examined the level and tempo of urbanization based on the 1994 and 2007 censuses as well as the 2013 CSA projection data. Findings: The level of urbanization at the regional level was found in 1994, 2007, and 2020 at 14.9%, 21.7%, and 27.7 % respectively. Whereas the level of urbanization varies among the zones of the region, the higher level of urbanization was recorded in the Eastern zone, followed by the Western, Southern Zone and Central zone of Tigray. The tempo or speed of urbanization was determined to be 0.49 percent per year at the regional level, with the Eastern area of Tigray showing the greatest tempo or speed of urbanization. Conclusions: Unbalanced urbanization among the zones results in socio-economic challenges. The study recommended several policy interventions aimed at judicious urbanization suitable for sustainable development. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization" title="urbanization">urbanization</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=census" title=" census"> census</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tempo%20or%20speed" title=" tempo or speed"> tempo or speed</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=urbanization%20level" title=" urbanization level"> urbanization level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Tigray" title=" Tigray"> Tigray</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187150/urbanization-level-and-tempo-speed-in-tigray-regional-state-ethiopia" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/187150.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">34</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1284</span> The Role of Tempo in the Perception of Musical Grouping</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Marina%20B.%20Cottrell">Marina B. Cottrell</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Tempo plays a significant role in the perception of metrical groupings, with faster tempi tending to increase the number of beats in a given metrical unit. Previous research has shown a correlation between the perception of metric grouping and native language, but little is currently known about other possible musical factors that contribute to metric grouping tendencies. This study aims to find the tempo boundaries at which the perceptual groupings of a melodic pattern changes and to correlate these regions with self-reported musical experience. Participants were presented with looping melodies (divided between major and minor keys). Using a slider bar that controlled the tempo, subjects were asked to locate the point at which they heard the metric grouping doubled or halved. This region was shown to primarily be affected by the mode and time signature of the stimulus. The results also suggest a correlation between the level of musical training and the region of perceived grouping change. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=meter" title="meter">meter</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=metric%20grouping" title=" metric grouping"> metric grouping</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=mode" title=" mode"> mode</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tempo" title=" tempo"> tempo</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103293/the-role-of-tempo-in-the-perception-of-musical-grouping" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/103293.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">141</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1283</span> Realization Mode and Theory for Extensible Music Cognition Education: Taking Children's Music Education as an Example</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Yumeng%20He">Yumeng He</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The purpose of this paper is to establish the “extenics” of children music education, the “extenics” thought and methods are introduced into the children music education field. Discussions are made from the perspective of children music education on how to generate new music cognitive from music cognitive, how to generate new music education from music education and how to generate music learning from music learning. The research methods including the extensibility of music art, extensibility of music education, extensibility of music capability and extensibility of music learning. Results of this study indicate that the thought and research methods of children’s extended music education not only have developed the “extenics” concept and ideological methods, meanwhile, the brand-new thought and innovative research perspective have been employed in discussing the children music education. As indicated in research, the children’s extended music education has extended the horizon of children music education, and has endowed the children music education field with a new thought and research method. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=comprehensive%20evaluations" title="comprehensive evaluations">comprehensive evaluations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension%20thought" title=" extension thought"> extension thought</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extension%20cognition%20music%20education" title=" extension cognition music education"> extension cognition music education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=extensibility" title=" extensibility"> extensibility</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104068/realization-mode-and-theory-for-extensible-music-cognition-education-taking-childrens-music-education-as-an-example" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/104068.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">225</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1282</span> The Functions of the Student Voice and Student-Centred Teaching Practices in Classroom-Based Music Education</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Sofia%20Douklia">Sofia Douklia</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The present context paper aims to present the important role of ‘student voice’ and the music teacher in the classroom, which contributes to more student-centered music education. The aim is to focus on the functions of the student voice through the music spectrum, which has been born in the music classroom, and the teacher’s methodologies and techniques used in the music classroom. The music curriculum, the principles of student-centered music education, and the role of students and teachers as music ambassadors have been considered the major music parameters of student voice. The student- voice is a worth-mentioning aspect of a student-centered education, and all teachers should consider and promote its existence in their classroom. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student%27s%20voice" title="student's voice">student's voice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=student-centered%20education" title=" student-centered education"> student-centered education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20ambassadors" title=" music ambassadors"> music ambassadors</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20teachers" title=" music teachers"> music teachers</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155423/the-functions-of-the-student-voice-and-student-centred-teaching-practices-in-classroom-based-music-education" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/155423.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">91</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1281</span> Carnatic Music Ragas and Their Role in Music Therapy</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Raghavi%20Janaswamy">Raghavi Janaswamy</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Saraswathi%20K.%20Vasudev"> Saraswathi K. Vasudev</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Raga, as the soul and base, is a distinctive musical entity, in the music system, with unique structure on its construction of srutis (musical sounds) and application. One of the essential components of the music system is the <em>‘tala’ </em>that defines the rhythm of a song. There are seven basic swaras (notes) Sa, Ri, Ga, Ma, Pa, Da and Ni in the carnatic music system that are analogous to the C, D, E, F, G, A and B of the western system. The carnatic music further builds on conscious use of microtones, gamakams (oscillation) and rendering styles. It has basic 72 ragas known as melakarta ragas, and a plethora of ragas have been developed from them with permutations and combinations of the basic swaras. Among them, some ragas derived from a same melakarta raga are distinctly different from each other and could evoke a profound difference in the raga bhava (emotion) during rendering. Although these could bear similar arohana and avarohana swaras, their quintessential differences in the gamakas usage and srutis present therein offer varied melodic feelings; variations in the intonation and stress given to certain swara phrases are the root causes. This article enlightens a group of such allied ragas (AR) from the perspectives of their schema and raga alapana (improvisation), ranjaka prayogas (signature phrases), differences in rendering tempo, gamakas and delicate srutis along with the range of sancharas (musical phrases). The intricate differences on the sruti frequencies and use of AR in composing kritis (musical compositions) toward emotive accomplishments such as mood of valor, kindness, love, humor, anger, mercy to name few, have also been explored. A brief review on the existing scientific research on the music therapy on some of the Carnatic ragas is presented. Studying and comprehending the AR, indeed, enable the music aspirants to gain a thorough knowledge on the subtle nuances among the ragas. Such knowledge helps leave a long-lasting melodic impression on the listeners and enable further research on the music therapy. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Carnatic%20music" title="Carnatic music">Carnatic music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=allied%20ragas" title=" allied ragas"> allied ragas</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=melakarta" title=" melakarta"> melakarta</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=gamakam" title=" gamakam"> gamakam</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133062/carnatic-music-ragas-and-their-role-in-music-therapy" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133062.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">198</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1280</span> The Multi-Sensory Teaching Practice for Primary Music Classroom in China</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Xiao%20Liulingzi">Xiao Liulingzi</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> It is important for using multi-sensory teaching in music learning. This article aims to provide knowledge in multi-sensory learning and teaching music in primary school. For primary school students, in addition to the training of basic knowledge and skills of music, students' sense of participation and creativity in music class are the key requirements, especially the flexibility and dynamics in music class, so that students can integrate into music and feel the music. The article explains the multi-sensory sense in music learning, the differences between multi-sensory music teaching and traditional music teaching, and music multi-sensory teaching in primary schools in China. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=multi-sensory" title="multi-sensory">multi-sensory</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=teaching%20practice" title=" teaching practice"> teaching practice</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=primary%20music%20classroom" title=" primary music classroom"> primary music classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=China" title=" China"> China</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159646/the-multi-sensory-teaching-practice-for-primary-music-classroom-in-china" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/159646.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">130</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1279</span> Musically Yours: Impact of Social Media Advertisement Music per the Circadian Rhythm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Payal%20Bose">Payal Bose</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The impact of music on consumers' attention and emotions at different parts of the day are rarely/never studied. Music has been widely studied in different parameters, such as in-store music and its atmospheric effects, to understand consumer arousal, in-store traffic, perceptions of visual stimuli, and actual time spent in the store. Further other parameters such as tempo, shopper's age, volume, music preference, and its usage as foreground or background music acting as a mediator and impacting consumer behavior is also well researched. However, no study has traversed the influence of music on social media advertisements and its impact on the consumer mind. Most studies have catered to the influence of music on consumers conscious. A recent study found that playing pleasant music is more effective on weekdays in enhancing supermarkets' sales than on weekends. This led to a more pertinent question about the impact of music on different parts of the day and how it impacts the attention and emotion in the consumers’ mind is an interesting question to be asked given the fact that there is a high usage of social media advertisement consumption in the recent past on a day-to-day basis. This study would help brands on social media to structure their advertisements and engage more consumers towards their products. Prior literature has examined the effects or influence of music on consumers largely in retail, brick-and-mortar format. Hence most of the outcomes are favorable for physical retail environments. However, with the rise of Web 3.0 and social media marketing, it would be interesting to see how consumers' attention and emotion can be studied with the effects of music embedded in an advertisement during different parts of the day. A smartphone is considered a personal gadget, and viewing social media advertisements on them is mostly an intimate experience. Hence in a social media advertisement, most of the viewing happens on a one-on-one basis between the consumer and the brand advertisement. To the best of our knowledge, little or no work has explored the influence of music on different parts of the day (per the circadian rhythm) in advertising research. Previous works on social media advertisement have explored the timing of social media posts, deploying Targeted Content Advertising, appropriate content, reallocation of time, and advertising expenditure. Hence, I propose studying advertisements embedded with music during different parts of the day and its influence on consumers' attention and emotions. To address the research objectives and knowledge gap, it is intended to use a neuroscientific approach using fMRI and eye-tracking. The influence of music embedded in social media advertisement during different parts of the day would be assessed. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=neuromarketing" title=" neuromarketing"> neuromarketing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=circadian%20rhythm" title=" circadian rhythm"> circadian rhythm</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=social%20media" title=" social media"> social media</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=engagement" title=" engagement"> engagement</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168129/musically-yours-impact-of-social-media-advertisement-music-per-the-circadian-rhythm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/168129.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">65</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1278</span> Wearable Music: Generation of Costumes from Music and Generative Art and Wearing Them by 3-Way Projectors</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Noriki%20Amano">Noriki Amano</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The final goal of this study is to create another way in which people enjoy music through the performance of 'Wearable Music'. Concretely speaking, we generate colorful costumes in real- time from music and to realize their dressing by projecting them to a person. For this purpose, we propose three methods in this study. First, a method of giving color to music in a three-dimensionally way. Second, a method of generating images of costumes from music. Third, a method of wearing the images of music. In particular, this study stands out from other related work in that we generate images of unique costumes from music and realize to wear them. In this study, we use the technique of generative arts to generate images of unique costumes and project the images to the fog generated around a person from 3-way using projectors. From this study, we can get how to enjoy music as 'wearable'. Furthermore, we are also able to have the prospect of unconventional entertainment based on the fusion between music and costumes. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=entertainment%20computing" title="entertainment computing">entertainment computing</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=costumes" title=" costumes"> costumes</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=generative%20programming" title=" generative programming"> generative programming</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98352/wearable-music-generation-of-costumes-from-music-and-generative-art-and-wearing-them-by-3-way-projectors" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/98352.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">173</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1277</span> Analyzing the Perceptions of Emotions in Aesthetic Music</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abigail%20Wiafe">Abigail Wiafe</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Charles%20Nutrokpor"> Charles Nutrokpor</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Adelaide%20Oduro-Asante"> Adelaide Oduro-Asante</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The advancement of technology is rapidly making people more receptive to music as computer-generated music requires minimal human interventions. Though algorithms are applied to generate music, the human experience of emotions is still explored. Thus, this study investigates the emotions humans experience listening to computer-generated music that possesses aesthetic qualities. Forty-two subjects participated in the survey. The selection process was purely arbitrary since it was based on convenience. Subjects listened and evaluated the emotions experienced from the computer-generated music through an online questionnaire. The Likert scale was used to rate the emotional levels after the music listening experience. The findings suggest that computer-generated music possesses aesthetic qualities that do not affect subjects' emotions as long as they are pleased with the music. Furthermore, computer-generated music has unique creativity, and expressioneven though the music produced is meaningless, the computational models developed are unable to present emotional contents in music as humans do. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=aesthetic" title="aesthetic">aesthetic</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=algorithms" title=" algorithms"> algorithms</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotions" title=" emotions"> emotions</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=computer-generated%20music" title=" computer-generated music"> computer-generated music</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148498/analyzing-the-perceptions-of-emotions-in-aesthetic-music" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/148498.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">135</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1276</span> The Potential of Tempo-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibers to Replace Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer Rubber</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=S.%20Dikmen%20Kucuk">S. Dikmen Kucuk</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=A.%20Tozluoglu"> A. Tozluoglu</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Y.%20Guner"> Y. Guner</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> In recent years, petroleum-based polymers began to be limited due to effects on human and environmental point of view in many countries. Thus, organic-based biodegradable materials have attracted much interest in the composite industry because of environmental concerns. As a result of this, it has been asked that inorganic and petroleum-based materials should be reduced and altered with biodegradable materials. In this point, in this study, it is aimed to investigate the potential of use of TEMPO (2,2,6,6- tetramethylpiperidine 1-oxyl)-mediated oxidation nano-fibrillated cellulose instead of EPDM (ethylene-propylene-diene monomer) rubber, which is a petroleum-based material. Thus, the exchange of petroleum-based EPDM rubber with organic based cellulose nanofibers, which are environmentally friendly (green) and biodegradable, will be realized. The effect of tempo-oxidized cellulose nanofibers (TCNF) instead of EPDM rubber was analyzed by rheological, mechanical, chemical, thermal and aging analyses. The aged surfaces were visually scrutinized and surface morphological changes were examined via scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results obtained showed that TEMPO oxidation nano-fibrillated cellulose can be used at an amount of 1.0 and 2.2 phr resulting the values stay within tolerance according to customer standard and without any chemical degradation, crack, colour change or staining. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=EPDM" title="EPDM">EPDM</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=cellulose" title=" cellulose"> cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=green%20materials" title=" green materials"> green materials</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=nanofibrillated%20cellulose" title=" nanofibrillated cellulose"> nanofibrillated cellulose</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=TCNF" title=" TCNF"> TCNF</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=tempo-oxidized%20nanofiber" title=" tempo-oxidized nanofiber"> tempo-oxidized nanofiber</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114063/the-potential-of-tempo-oxidized-cellulose-nanofibers-to-replace-ethylene-propylene-diene-monomer-rubber" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114063.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">109</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1275</span> Non-Fungible Token (NFT) - Used in the Music Industry for Independent Artists without a Music Recording Label</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bartholomew%20Badar">Bartholomew Badar</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> An NFT is a digital certificate with rights to own an asset, including various valuable digital goods such as art pieces, music items, collectibles, etc. The market for NFTs started developing in 2017 and has lately seen increased growth as crypto-currencies and the blockchain market continue to gain popularity. This study aims to understand potential uses for NFTs concerning the music industry and record labels. Independent artists struggle to distribute and sell their music without the help of a record label. The NFT marketplace could be a great tool to eliminate this problem. The research objective is to identify possibilities for independent artists to own their music rights and share value with an audience. We see a trend of new-school music artists trying to enter the music NFT market by creating visualizers, beats, cover art, etc. To analyze various existing music NFT assets and determine whether or not independent artists could monetize their music without a record label is the main focus of this scholarly paper. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blockchain" title="blockchain">blockchain</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=crypto-currency" title=" crypto-currency"> crypto-currency</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=artist" title=" artist"> artist</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=NFT" title=" NFT"> NFT</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144397/non-fungible-token-nft-used-in-the-music-industry-for-independent-artists-without-a-music-recording-label" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/144397.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">177</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1274</span> Effect of Acoustical Performance Detection and Evaluation in Music Practice Rooms on Teaching</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Hsu-Hui%20Cheng">Hsu-Hui Cheng</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Peng-Chian%20Chen"> Peng-Chian Chen</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shu-Yuan%20Chang"> Shu-Yuan Chang</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jie-Ying%20Zhang"> Jie-Ying Zhang</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Activities in the music practice rooms range from playing, listening, rehearsing to music performing. The good room acoustics in a music practice room enables a music teacher to teach more effectively subtle concepts such as intonation, articulation, balance, dynamics and tone production. A poor acoustical environment would deeply affect the development of basic musical skills of music students. Practicing in the music practice room is an essential daily activity for music students; consequently, music practice rooms are very important facilities in a music school or department. The purpose of this survey is to measure and analyze the acoustic condition of piano practice rooms at the department of music in Zhaoqing University and accordingly apply a more effective teaching method to music students. The volume of the music practice room is approximately 25 m³, and it has existing curtains and some wood hole sound-absorbing panels. When all small music practice rooms are in constant use for teaching, it was found that the values of the background noise at 45, 46, 42, 46, 45 dB(A) in the small music practice room ( the doors and windows were close), respectively. The noise levels in the small music practice room to higher than standard levels (35dB(A)). <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=acoustical%20performance" title="acoustical performance">acoustical performance</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20practice%20room" title=" music practice room"> music practice room</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=noise%20level" title=" noise level"> noise level</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=piano%20room" title=" piano room"> piano room</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138088/effect-of-acoustical-performance-detection-and-evaluation-in-music-practice-rooms-on-teaching" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/138088.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">226</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1273</span> Music Aptitude and School Readiness in Indonesian Children</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Diella%20Gracia%20Martauli">Diella Gracia Martauli</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This study investigated the relationship between music aptitude and school readiness in Indonesian children. Music aptitude is described as children’s music potential, whereas school readiness is defined as a condition in which a child is deemed ready to enter the formal education system. This study presents a hypothesis that music aptitude is correlated with school readiness. This is a correlational research study of 17 children aged 5-6 years old (<em>M </em>= 6.10, <em>SD </em>= 0.33) who were enrolled in a kindergarten school in Jakarta, Indonesia. Music aptitude scores were obtained from Primary Measures of Music Audiation, whereas School readiness scores were obtained from Bracken School Readiness Assessment Third Edition. The analysis of the data was performed using Pearson Correlation. The result found no correlation between music aptitude and school readiness (<em>r </em>= 0.196, <em>p </em>= 0.452). Discussions regarding the results, perspective from the measures and cultures are presented. Further study is recommended to establish links between music aptitude and school readiness. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=BSRA" title="BSRA">BSRA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20aptitude" title=" music aptitude"> music aptitude</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=PMMA" title=" PMMA"> PMMA</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=school%20readiness" title=" school readiness"> school readiness</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108912/music-aptitude-and-school-readiness-in-indonesian-children" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/108912.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">144</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1272</span> Music Note Detection and Dictionary Generation from Music Sheet Using Image Processing Techniques</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Muhammad%20Ammar">Muhammad Ammar</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Talha%20Ali"> Talha Ali</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Abdul%20Basit"> Abdul Basit</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Bakhtawar%20Rajput"> Bakhtawar Rajput</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Zobia%20Sohail"> Zobia Sohail</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music note detection is an area of study for the past few years and has its own influence in music file generation from sheet music. We proposed a method to detect music notes on sheet music using basic thresholding and blob detection. Subsequently, we created a notes dictionary using a semi-supervised learning approach. After notes detection, for each test image, the new symbols are added to the dictionary. This makes the notes detection semi-automatic. The experiments are done on images from a dataset and also on the captured images. The developed approach showed almost 100% accuracy on the dataset images, whereas varying results have been seen on captured images. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20note" title="music note">music note</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=sheet%20music" title=" sheet music"> sheet music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=optical%20music%20recognition" title=" optical music recognition"> optical music recognition</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=blob%20detection" title=" blob detection"> blob detection</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=thresholding" title=" thresholding"> thresholding</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=dictionary%20generation" title=" dictionary generation"> dictionary generation</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133670/music-note-detection-and-dictionary-generation-from-music-sheet-using-image-processing-techniques" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/133670.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">181</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1271</span> Semiotics of the New Commercial Music Paradigm</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Mladen%20Milicevic">Mladen Milicevic</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This presentation will address how the statistical analysis of digitized popular music influences the music creation and emotionally manipulates consumers.Furthermore, it will deal with semiological aspect of uniformization of musical taste in order to predict the potential revenues generated by popular music sales. In the USA, we live in an age where most of the popular music (i.e. music that generates substantial revenue) has been digitized. It is safe to say that almost everything that was produced in last 10 years is already digitized (either available on iTunes, Spotify, YouTube, or some other platform). Depending on marketing viability and its potential to generate additional revenue most of the “older” music is still being digitized. Once the music gets turned into a digital audio file,it can be computer-analyzed in all kinds of respects, and the similar goes for the lyrics because they also exist as a digital text file, to which any kin of N Capture-kind of analysis may be applied. So, by employing statistical examination of different popular music metrics such as tempo, form, pronouns, introduction length, song length, archetypes, subject matter,and repetition of title, the commercial result may be predicted. Polyphonic HMI (Human Media Interface) introduced the concept of the hit song science computer program in 2003.The company asserted that machine learning could create a music profile to predict hit songs from its audio features Thus,it has been established that a successful pop song must include: 100 bpm or more;an 8 second intro;use the pronoun 'you' within 20 seconds of the start of the song; hit the bridge middle 8 between 2 minutes and 2 minutes 30 seconds; average 7 repetitions of the title; create some expectations and fill that expectation in the title. For the country song: 100 bpm or less for a male artist; 14-second intro; uses the pronoun 'you' within the first 20 seconds of the intro; has a bridge middle 8 between 2 minutes and 2 minutes 30 seconds; has 7 repetitions of title; creates an expectation,fulfills it in 60 seconds.This approach to commercial popular music minimizes the human influence when it comes to which “artist” a record label is going to sign and market. Twenty years ago,music experts in the A&R (Artists and Repertoire) departments of the record labels were making personal aesthetic judgments based on their extensive experience in the music industry. Now, the computer music analyzing programs, are replacing them in an attempt to minimize investment risk of the panicking record labels, in an environment where nobody can predict the future of the recording industry.The impact on the consumers taste through the narrow bottleneck of the above mentioned music selection by the record labels,created some very peculiar effects not only on the taste of popular music consumers, but also the creative chops of the music artists as well. What is the meaning of this semiological shift is the main focus of this research and paper presentation. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title="music">music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=semiology" title=" semiology"> semiology</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=commercial" title=" commercial"> commercial</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=taste" title=" taste"> taste</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26177/semiotics-of-the-new-commercial-music-paradigm" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/26177.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">393</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1270</span> Using Music: An Effective Medium of Teaching Vocabulary in ESL Classroom</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Takwa%20Jahan">Takwa Jahan</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music can be used in ESL classroom to create a learning environment. As literature abounds with positive statements, music can be used as a vehicle for second language acquisition. Music can be applied as an instrument to help second language learners to acquire vocabulary, grammar, spelling and other four skills and to expand cultural knowledge. Vocabulary learning is perceived boring by learners. As listening to music and singing songs are enjoyable to students, it can be used effectively to acquire vocabulary in second language. This paper reports a study to find out how music exhilarates vocabulary acquisition as the learners stay relaxed and thus learning becomes more enjoyable. For conducting my research two groups of fifty students- music and non-music group were formed. Data were collected through class observation, test, questionnaires, and interview. The finding shows that music group acquired much amount of vocabulary than the non-music group. They enjoyed vocabulary learning activities based on listening songs. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=effective%20instrument" title="effective instrument">effective instrument</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ESL%20classroom" title=" ESL classroom"> ESL classroom</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music" title=" music"> music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=relax%20environment" title=" relax environment"> relax environment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=vocabulary%20learning" title=" vocabulary learning"> vocabulary learning</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67012/using-music-an-effective-medium-of-teaching-vocabulary-in-esl-classroom" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/67012.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">372</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1269</span> Lines for a Different Approach in Music Education: A Review of the Concept of Musicality</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Emmanuel%20Carlos%20De%20Mata%20Castrej%C3%B3n">Emmanuel Carlos De Mata Castrejón</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Music education has shown to be connected to many areas of sciences and arts, it has also been associated with several facets of human life. The many aspects around the study of music and education, make very difficult for the music educator to find a way through, even though there are lots of methods of teaching music to young children, they are different between one another and so are the students. For the music to help improve children’s development, it is necessary for the children to explore their musicality as they explore their creativity; it must be a challenging, playful, and enjoyable activity. The purpose of this investigation is to focus the music education not in the music, nor the teaching, but the children to be guided through their own musicality. The first approach to this kind of music education comes from the Active learning methods during the nineteenth century, most of which are still used around the world, sometimes with modifications to fit a certain place or type of students. This approach on children’s musicality requires some knowledge of music, pedagogy, and developmental psychology at least, but more important than the theory or the method used for music education, the focus should be on developing the student’s musicality, considering the complexity of this concept. To get this, it is needed, indeed, far more research in the topic, so this is a call for collaborative research and for interdisciplinary teams to emerge. This is a review of authors and methods in music education trying to trace a line pointing to transdisciplinary work and pursuing the development of children’s musicality. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=children" title="children">children</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=methods" title=" methods"> methods</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20education" title=" music education"> music education</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=musicality" title=" musicality"> musicality</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71797/lines-for-a-different-approach-in-music-education-a-review-of-the-concept-of-musicality" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/71797.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">332</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1268</span> Surveyed Emotional Responses to Musical Chord Progressions Imbued with Binaural Pulsations</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Jachin%20Pousson">Jachin Pousson</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Valdis%20Bernhofs"> Valdis Bernhofs</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> Applications of the binaural sound experience are wide-ranged. This paper focuses on the interaction between binaural tones and human emotion with an aim to apply the resulting knowledge artistically. For the purpose of this study, binaural music is defined as musical arrangements of sound which are made of combinations of binaural difference tones. Here, the term ‘binaural difference tone’ refers to the pulsating tone heard within the brain which results from listening to slightly differing audio frequencies or pure pitches in each ear. The frequency or tempo of the pulsations is the sum of the precise difference between the frequencies two tones and is measured in beats per second. Polyrhythmic pulsations that can be heard within combinations of these differences tones have shown to be able to entrain or tune brainwave patterns to frequencies which have been linked to mental states which can be characterized by different levels of attention and mood. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=binaural%20auditory%20pulsations" title="binaural auditory pulsations">binaural auditory pulsations</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=brainwave%20entrainment" title=" brainwave entrainment"> brainwave entrainment</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=emotion" title=" emotion"> emotion</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20composition" title=" music composition"> music composition</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96053/surveyed-emotional-responses-to-musical-chord-progressions-imbued-with-binaural-pulsations" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/96053.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">175</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1267</span> Incorporating Popular Nigerian Music into the School Curriculum: A Potential for National Development</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=David%20O.%20A.%20Ogunrinade">David O. A. Ogunrinade</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> The significance of education to the growth and development of man is imperative. The Nigerian education philosophy and national objectives are geared towards self-realization, social, cultural, and economic, just to mention a few. The acquisition of skills and abilities, both mental and physical, for individual to live and contribute to the development of society should be of major importance to a functional education curriculum. This study specifically set out to examine the momentous potentials of popular music as a veritable tool to be properly incorporated into the curriculum of music education in Nigeria. This will equip the learners to be self-reliant and contribute to the national economy. Interviews with exponents of Nigerian popular music and the stakeholders in the music industry, as well as audio-visual materials were employed to elicit information. Findings reveal that there are lots of potentials and dexterities in popular music that can enable Nigerian music graduates to contribute their own quota to the national development of the nation, as well as being useful to themselves. If the Nigerian society is not to be plagued by a breed of unemployable youths who could not raise the economic productivity of the country, it is deemed pertinent that the music curriculum as one of the vocational education needs to be reviewed to incorporate popular music, as well as to reflect more of the Nigerian cultural heritage. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=popular%20music" title="popular music">popular music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20curriculum" title=" music curriculum"> music curriculum</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20in%20schools" title=" music in schools"> music in schools</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=popular%20music%20prospect" title=" popular music prospect"> popular music prospect</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114140/incorporating-popular-nigerian-music-into-the-school-curriculum-a-potential-for-national-development" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/114140.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">161</span> </span> </div> </div> <div class="card paper-listing mb-3 mt-3"> <h5 class="card-header" style="font-size:.9rem"><span class="badge badge-info">1266</span> The Operating Results of the English General Music Course on the Education Platform</h5> <div class="card-body"> <p class="card-text"><strong>Authors:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=Shan-Ken%20Chine">Shan-Ken Chine</a> </p> <p class="card-text"><strong>Abstract:</strong></p> This research aims to a one-year course run of String Music Appreciation, an international online course launched on the British open education platform. It explains how to present music teaching videos with three main features. They are music lesson explanations, instrumental playing demonstrations, and live music performances. The plan of this course is with four major themes and a total of 97 steps. In addition, the paper also uses the testing data provided by the education platform to analyze the performance of learners and to understand the operation of the course. It contains three test data in the statistics dashboard. They are course-run measures, total statistics, and statistics by week. The paper ends with a review of the course's star rating in this one-year run. The result of this course run will be adjusted when it starts again in the future. <p class="card-text"><strong>Keywords:</strong> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=music%20online%20courses" title="music online courses">music online courses</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=MOOCs" title=" MOOCs"> MOOCs</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=ubiquitous%20learning" title=" ubiquitous learning"> ubiquitous learning</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=string%20music" title=" string music"> string music</a>, <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=general%20music%20education" title=" general music education"> general music education</a> </p> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186110/the-operating-results-of-the-english-general-music-course-on-the-education-platform" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">Procedia</a> <a href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/186110.pdf" target="_blank" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">PDF</a> <span class="bg-info text-light px-1 py-1 float-right rounded"> Downloads <span class="badge badge-light">37</span> </span> </div> </div> <ul class="pagination"> <li class="page-item disabled"><span class="page-link">&lsaquo;</span></li> <li class="page-item active"><span class="page-link">1</span></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20tempo%20music&page=2">2</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20tempo%20music&page=3">3</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20tempo%20music&page=4">4</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a class="page-link" href="https://publications.waset.org/abstracts/search?q=slow%20tempo%20music&page=5">5</a></li> <li class="page-item"><a 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