CINXE.COM

<!DOCTYPE html><html><head><title>Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture - John F. Haldon - Google Books</title><link rel="stylesheet" href="/books/css/_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb/kl_viewport_kennedy_full_bundle.css" type="text/css" /><link rel="stylesheet"href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Product+Sans:wght@400"><script src="/books/javascript/v2_a33f2a89320471e58c940b9287b9d4eb__en.js"></script><script>_OC_Hooks = ["_OC_Page", "_OC_SearchReload", "_OC_TocReload", "_OC_EmptyFunc", "_OC_SearchPage", "_OC_QuotePage" ];for (var _OC_i = 0; _OC_i < _OC_Hooks.length; _OC_i++) {eval("var " + _OC_Hooks[_OC_i] + ";");}function _OC_InitHooks () {for (var i = 0; i < _OC_Hooks.length; i++) {var func = arguments[i];eval( _OC_Hooks[i] + " = func;");}}</script><link rel="canonical" href="https://books.google.com/books/about/Byzantium_in_the_Seventh_Century.html?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://books.google.com/books/about/Byzantium_in_the_Seventh_Century.html?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C"/><meta name="title" content="Byzantium in the Seventh Century"/><meta name="description" content="This book presents the first analytical account in English of major developments within Byzantine culture, society and the state in the crucial formative period from c.610-717. The seventh century saw the final collapse of ancient urban civilization and municipal culture, the rise of Islam, the evolution of patterns of thought and social structure that made imperial iconoclasm possible, and the development of state apparatuses--military, civil and fiscal--typical of the middle Byzantine state. Also, during this period, orthodox Christianity finally became the unquestioned dominant culture and a religious framework of belief (to the exclusion of alternative systems, which were henceforth marginalized or proscribed)."/><meta property="og:title" content="Byzantium in the Seventh Century"/><meta property="og:type" content="book"/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Google Books"/><meta property="og:image" content="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE701F2mY7qKeGTQl6b2NO-ZzLrB6NNNUBWU3kB0_2J9457TQbsu496zf0Lw0Cms6gLoSflKxJaZIn5U8G3swWG1Fb3q0vk1v3eWELxJnqfAqLMw2UpHoi65r5EtOvuRMzVSkFEKw"/><link rel="image_src" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=1&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE701F2mY7qKeGTQl6b2NO-ZzLrB6NNNUBWU3kB0_2J9457TQbsu496zf0Lw0Cms6gLoSflKxJaZIn5U8G3swWG1Fb3q0vk1v3eWELxJnqfAqLMw2UpHoi65r5EtOvuRMzVSkFEKw"/><script></script><style>#gbar,#guser{font-size:13px;padding-top:1px !important;}#gbar{height:22px}#guser{padding-bottom:7px !important;text-align:right}.gbh,.gbd{border-top:1px solid #c9d7f1;font-size:1px}.gbh{height:0;position:absolute;top:24px;width:100%}@media all{.gb1{height:22px;margin-right:.5em;vertical-align:top}#gbar{float:left}}a.gb1,a.gb4{text-decoration:underline !important}a.gb1,a.gb4{color:#00c !important}.gbi .gb4{color:#dd8e27 !important}.gbf .gb4{color:#900 !important} #gbar { padding:.3em .6em !important;}</style></head><body class=""><div id=gbar><nobr><a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/search?tab=pw">Search</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.google.com.sg/imghp?hl=en&tab=pi">Images</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://maps.google.com.sg/maps?hl=en&tab=pl">Maps</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://play.google.com/?hl=en&tab=p8">Play</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://www.youtube.com/?tab=p1">YouTube</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://news.google.com/?tab=pn">News</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://mail.google.com/mail/?tab=pm">Gmail</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 href="https://drive.google.com/?tab=po">Drive</a> <a target=_blank class=gb1 style="text-decoration:none" href="https://www.google.com.sg/intl/en/about/products?tab=ph"><u>More</u> »</a></nobr></div><div id=guser width=100%><nobr><span id=gbn class=gbi></span><span id=gbf class=gbf></span><span id=gbe></span><a target=_top id=gb_70 href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DpSHmT1G_5T0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den&hl=en&ec=GAZACg" class=gb4>Sign in</a></nobr></div><div class=gbh style=left:0></div><div class=gbh style=right:0></div><div role="alert" style="position: absolute; left: 0; right: 0;"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=frontcover&redir_esc=y&hl=en&output=html_text" title="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."><img border="0" src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif"alt="Screen reader users: click this link for accessible mode. Accessible mode has the same essential features but works better with your reader."></a></div><div class="kd-appbar"><h2 class="kd-appname"><a href="/books">Books</a></h2><div class="kd-buttonbar left" id="left-toolbar-buttons"><a id="appbar-view-print-sample-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=frontcover&source=gbs_vpt_read"></a><a id="appbar-view-ebook-sample-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-prior-art-finder-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-patents-discuss-this-link" href="" data-is-grant=""></a><a id="appbar-read-patent-link" href=""></a><a id="appbar-download-pdf-link" href=""></a></div><div class="kd-buttonbar right" id="right-toolbar-buttons"></div></div><div style="display: none"><ol id="ofe-gear-menu-contents" class="gbmcc"><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print&continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary&hl=en">My library</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="http://books.google.com.sg/support/topic/4359341?hl=en-SG">Help</a></li><li class="gbe gbmtc"><a class="gbmt goog-menuitem-content" id="" href="https://books.google.com.sg/advanced_book_search">Advanced Book Search</a></li></ol></div><div id="volume-main"><div id="volume-left"><div id=menu_container ><div id="menu_scroll_wrapper"><div id="menu_scroll" role="navigation"><div id="gb-get-book-container"><a id="gb-get-book-content" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_vpt_read">Get print book</a></div><p id="gb-get-book-not-available">No eBook available<p><h3 class=about_title><a name="buy_anchor"></a></h3><div id=buy class=about_content><div id=buy_v><ul style="list-style-type: none; padding-left: 0; margin: 0;"><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.cambridge.org/9780521319171" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.cambridge.org/9780521319171';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-cambridge\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dpSHmT1G_5T0C\x26q\x3dhttp://www.cambridge.org/9780521319171\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw2w6qizGVdpGBmFKEuqo_pu\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Cambridge University Press</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books&linkCode=qs&keywords=9780521319171" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index\x3dbooks\x26linkCode\x3dqs\x26keywords\x3d9780521319171';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-cambridge\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dpSHmT1G_5T0C\x26q\x3dhttp://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9780521319171\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw3_2xvJY7bKntITiUDlW_iv\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Amazon.com</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail&pcode=9780521319171" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do\x3ddetail\x26pcode\x3d9780521319171';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-cambridge\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dpSHmT1G_5T0C\x26q\x3dhttp://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9780521319171\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw3waane2-3eeLgOm9QLAo9g\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>MPH</span></a></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9780521319171" dir=ltr onMouseOver="this.href='https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q\x3d9780521319171';return false" onMouseDown="this.href='/url?client\x3dca-print-cambridge\x26format\x3dgoogleprint\x26num\x3d0\x26id\x3dpSHmT1G_5T0C\x26q\x3dhttps://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9780521319171\x26usg\x3dAOvVaw1D-T6_SVtiwzf21MzYN9t5\x26source\x3dgbs_buy_r';return true"><span dir=ltr>Popular</span></a></li><li><hr style="margin-right: 20%; color: #666;"></li><li><a style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PP1&q=http://www.worldcat.org/oclc/1028767672&clientid=librarylink&usg=AOvVaw3Q1XZEp2QRnZDA2I7_lqdo&source=gbs_buy_r"><span dir=ltr>Find in a library</span></a></li><li><a class="secondary" style="white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&sitesec=buy&source=gbs_buy_r" id="get-all-sellers-link"><span dir=ltr>All sellers</span> »</a></li></ul></div></div><div class=menu id=menu><div class="menu_content" style="margin-bottom:6px"><div style="margin-bottom:4px"><div class="sidebarnav"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td><div class="sidebarcover"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=frontcover" onclick="_OC_Page('PP1',this.href); return false;"><img src="https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=frontcover&img=1&zoom=5&edge=curl&imgtk=AFLRE73RFp7ww6EYnNxQgUDfTL6WW3xEygllM5YvOteH0v5jffAiIyOWwrCJYUPbTcjQeY5tKThAsSX05u9C5QfWx58vy93ghxjQ_eF-i2ZUafTEjrmUltXbFB3f7bQ0-Paw2706dJkL" alt="Front Cover" title="Front Cover" height=80 border=1 id=summary-frontcover ></a></div></td><td></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="volume-info-sidebar"><h1 class="gb-volume-title" dir=ltr>Byzantium in the Seventh Century: The Transformation of a Culture</h1><span class="addmd">By John F. Haldon</span></div><div style="margin-bottom:3px"><form action=/books id=search_form style="margin:0px;padding:0px;" method=get> <input type=hidden name="redir_esc" value="y"><input type=hidden name="id" value="pSHmT1G_5T0C"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0 class="swv-table"><tr><td class="swv-td-search"><span><input id=search_form_input type=text maxlength=1024 class="text_flat swv-input-search" aria-label="Search in this book" name=q value="" title="Go" accesskey=i></span></td><td class="swv-td-space"><div> </div></td><td><input type=submit value="Go"></td></tr></table><script type="text/javascript">if (window['_OC_autoDir']) {_OC_autoDir('search_form_input');}</script></form></div><div><p><a id="sidebar-atb-link" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&source=gbs_navlinks_s"><span dir=ltr>About this book</span></a></p></div></div></div><div class="sidebar-hr"></div><div class="ebook-promo"><a href="https://play.google.com/store/books"><img border="0" src="/googlebooks/images/ebook_promo.png" /><h3 class="section">Shop for Books on Google Play</h3><p class="ebook-promo-description">Browse the world's largest eBookstore and start reading today on the web, tablet, phone, or ereader.</p><p class="ebook-promo-clickme">Go to Google Play Now »</p></a></div><div class="sidebar-hr"></div><div><div id="navbarContainer" class="gb-navbar"></div><script>_OC_InitNavbar({"child_node":[{"title":"My library","url":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?uid=114584440181414684107\u0026source=gbs_lp_bookshelf_list","id":"my_library","collapsed":true},{"title":"My History","url":"","id":"my_history","collapsed":true}],"highlighted_node_id":""});</script><h3 class=about_title><a name="pub_info_anchor"></a></h3><div id=pub_info class=about_content><div id=pub_info_v><table cellspacing=0><tr><td><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PP1&q=http://www.cambridge.org&clientid=ca-print-cambridge&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw3UvD3Tapwjgq3PaHtyWW-1&source=gbs_pub_info_r" style="text-decoration:none"><img width=175 height=35 border=0 src="https://pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/imgad?id=CITi0Jud8Pq3ZRC-ARgmMghclU5weUECXw" alt="Cambridge University Press"></a><tr><td style="font-size:84.6%;color:#666666">Pages displayed by permission of <a class=link_aux href="https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PP1&q=http://www.cambridge.org&clientid=ca-print-cambridge&linkid=1&usg=AOvVaw3UvD3Tapwjgq3PaHtyWW-1&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Cambridge University Press</a>. <a style="color:#7777cc;white-space:normal" href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&printsec=copyright&source=gbs_pub_info_r">Copyright</a>. </table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div id="volume-center"><div id="scroll_atb" role="main"><div id="toolbar_container"><div style="float:left;white-space:nowrap"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td id="l_toolbar"></td><td class=toolbar-pc-cell><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td class=no-jump-cell align=right><span id=page_label style="margin-right:.5em">Front Cover</span></td><td class=arrow style="padding-right:2px"><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PT6&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=prev_btn alt="Previous Page" title="Previous Page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_left"></div></div></a></td><td class=arrow><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PR5&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" onclick="_OC_EmptyFunc(this.href); return false;"><div class=pagination><div id=next_btn alt="Next available page" title="Next available page" class="SPRITE_pagination_v2_right"></div></div></a></td></tr></table></td><td>  </td><td id=view_toolbar></td><td id=view_new></td></tr></table></div><div style="float:right"><table cellpadding=0 cellspacing=0><tr><td></td><td id="r_toolbar" style="white-space:nowrap"></td></tr></table></div><div style="clear:both"></div></div><div id="search_bar"></div><div class="gback"><div id="viewport" class="viewport" tabindex="0"><a name="page" accesskey="c"></a><table class="viewport-table" id="container" align="center" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr><td valign="top" align="center"><noscript><style type=text/css media=print> .html_page_image{display:none;} .viewport div img {display:none;} </style><div style="height:877px;width:575px;position:relative;margin-bottom:4px"><style type=text/css>.html_page_image { background-image:url("https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PP1&img=1&zoom=3&hl=en&sig=ACfU3U0byGTRrpLv1XGo-ncjFkLT9P3loA"); width:575px;height:877px; top:0px;left:0px;position:relative}</style><div class=html_page_image><a href="https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C&pg=PR5&lpg=PP1&focus=viewport" style="outline:none"><img class=html_page_secure_image src="//www.google.com/images/cleardot.gif" height=877 width=575 border=0 alt="Next available page" title="Next available page"></a></div></div></noscript></td></tr></table></div></div><script>_OC_addFlags({Host:"https://books.google.com.sg/", IsBrowsingHistoryEnabled:1, IsZipitFolderCollectionEnabled:1, IsBooksUnifiedLeftNavEnabled:1, IsBooksRentalEnabled:1});_OC_Run({"page":[{"pid":"PP1","flags":32,"order":0,"h":886},{"pid":"PR5","order":6,"title":"v","h":907},{"pid":"PR6","order":7,"title":"vi","h":922},{"pid":"PR12","order":13,"title":"xii","h":927},{"pid":"PR13","order":14,"title":"xiii","h":906},{"pid":"PR14","order":15,"title":"xiv","h":904},{"pid":"PR15","order":16,"title":"xv","h":905},{"pid":"PR16","order":17,"title":"xvi","h":919},{"pid":"PR17","order":18,"title":"xvii","h":929},{"pid":"PR18","order":19,"title":"xviii","h":921},{"pid":"PR19","order":20,"title":"xix","h":906},{"pid":"PR20","order":21,"title":"xx","h":929},{"pid":"PR21","order":22,"title":"xxi","h":927},{"pid":"PR22","order":23,"title":"xxii","h":920},{"pid":"PR23","order":24,"title":"xxiii","h":932},{"pid":"PR24","order":25,"title":"xxiv","h":924},{"pid":"PR25","order":26,"title":"xxv","h":928},{"pid":"PR26","order":27,"title":"xxvi","h":921},{"pid":"PR27","order":28,"title":"xxvii"},{"pid":"PR28","order":29,"title":"xxviii","h":924},{"pid":"PA1","order":30,"title":"1","h":905},{"pid":"PA2","order":31,"title":"2","h":925},{"pid":"PA3","order":32,"title":"3","h":905},{"pid":"PA4","order":33,"title":"4","h":924},{"pid":"PA5","order":34,"title":"5","h":937},{"pid":"PA6","order":35,"title":"6","h":932},{"pid":"PA7","order":36,"title":"7","h":928},{"pid":"PA8","order":37,"title":"8","h":901},{"pid":"PA9","order":38,"title":"9","h":935},{"pid":"PA10","order":39,"title":"10","h":926},{"pid":"PA11","order":40,"title":"11","h":930},{"pid":"PA12","order":41,"title":"12","h":925},{"pid":"PA13","order":42,"title":"13","h":937},{"pid":"PA14","order":43,"title":"14","h":929},{"pid":"PA15","order":44,"title":"15","h":932},{"pid":"PA16","order":45,"title":"16","h":924},{"pid":"PA17","order":46,"title":"17","h":940},{"pid":"PA18","order":47,"title":"18","h":933},{"pid":"PA19","order":48,"title":"19","h":930},{"pid":"PA20","order":49,"title":"20","h":925},{"pid":"PA21","order":50,"title":"21","h":942},{"pid":"PA22","order":51,"title":"22","h":932},{"pid":"PA23","order":52,"title":"23"},{"pid":"PA24","order":53,"title":"24","h":926},{"pid":"PA25","order":54,"title":"25","h":938},{"pid":"PA26","order":55,"title":"26","h":928},{"pid":"PA27","order":56,"title":"27","h":930},{"pid":"PA28","order":57,"title":"28","h":923},{"pid":"PA29","order":58,"title":"29","h":935},{"pid":"PA30","order":59,"title":"30","h":929},{"pid":"PA31","order":60,"title":"31","h":930},{"pid":"PA32","order":61,"title":"32","h":925},{"pid":"PA33","order":62,"title":"33","h":905},{"pid":"PA34","order":63,"title":"34","h":924},{"pid":"PA35","order":64,"title":"35","h":932},{"pid":"PA36","order":65,"title":"36","h":924},{"pid":"PA37","order":66,"title":"37","h":934},{"pid":"PA38","order":67,"title":"38","h":927},{"pid":"PA39","order":68,"title":"39","h":930},{"pid":"PA40","order":69,"title":"40","h":925},{"pid":"PA41","order":70,"title":"41","h":933},{"pid":"PA42","order":71,"title":"42","h":926},{"pid":"PA43","order":72,"title":"43"},{"pid":"PA44","order":73,"title":"44","h":925},{"pid":"PA45","order":74,"title":"45","h":930},{"pid":"PA46","order":75,"title":"46","h":925},{"pid":"PA47","order":76,"title":"47","h":934},{"pid":"PA48","order":77,"title":"48","h":926},{"pid":"PA49","order":78,"title":"49","h":936},{"pid":"PA50","order":79,"title":"50","h":930},{"pid":"PA51","order":80,"title":"51","h":943},{"pid":"PA52","order":81,"title":"52","h":938},{"pid":"PA53","order":82,"title":"53","h":934},{"pid":"PA54","order":83,"title":"54","h":929},{"pid":"PA55","order":84,"title":"55","h":939},{"pid":"PA56","order":85,"title":"56","h":935},{"pid":"PA57","order":86,"title":"57","h":935},{"pid":"PA58","order":87,"title":"58","h":929},{"pid":"PA59","order":88,"title":"59","h":937},{"pid":"PA60","order":89,"title":"60","h":902},{"pid":"PA61","order":90,"title":"61","h":938},{"pid":"PA62","order":91,"title":"62"},{"pid":"PA63","order":92,"title":"63","h":946},{"pid":"PA64","order":93,"title":"64","h":941},{"pid":"PA65","order":94,"title":"65","h":938},{"pid":"PA66","order":95,"title":"66","h":930},{"pid":"PA67","order":96,"title":"67","h":946},{"pid":"PA68","order":97,"title":"68","h":941},{"pid":"PA69","order":98,"title":"69","h":937},{"pid":"PA70","order":99,"title":"70","h":932},{"pid":"PA71","order":100,"title":"71","h":937},{"pid":"PA72","order":101,"title":"72","h":932},{"pid":"PA73","order":102,"title":"73","h":932},{"pid":"PA74","order":103,"title":"74","h":924},{"pid":"PA75","order":104,"title":"75","h":937},{"pid":"PA76","order":105,"title":"76","h":932},{"pid":"PA77","order":106,"title":"77","h":932},{"pid":"PA78","order":107,"title":"78","h":927},{"pid":"PA79","order":108,"title":"79","h":938},{"pid":"PA80","order":109,"title":"80","h":933},{"pid":"PA81","order":110,"title":"81","h":935},{"pid":"PA82","order":111,"title":"82","h":928},{"pid":"PA83","order":112,"title":"83","h":947},{"pid":"PA84","order":113,"title":"84","h":947},{"pid":"PA85","order":114,"title":"85","h":933},{"pid":"PA86","order":115,"title":"86","h":901},{"pid":"PA87","order":116,"title":"87","h":940},{"pid":"PA88","order":117,"title":"88","h":900},{"pid":"PA89","order":118,"title":"89","h":936},{"pid":"PA90","order":119,"title":"90","h":927},{"pid":"PA91","order":120,"title":"91","h":933},{"pid":"PA92","order":121,"title":"92","h":902},{"pid":"PA93","order":122,"title":"93","h":946},{"pid":"PA94","order":123,"title":"94","h":941},{"pid":"PA95","order":124,"title":"95","h":933},{"pid":"PA96","order":125,"title":"96","h":928},{"pid":"PA97","order":126,"title":"97","h":940},{"pid":"PA98","order":127,"title":"98","h":933},{"pid":"PA99","order":128,"title":"99","h":939},{"pid":"PA100","order":129,"title":"100","h":935},{"pid":"PA101","order":130,"title":"101","h":902},{"pid":"PA102","order":131,"title":"102","h":933},{"pid":"PA103","order":132,"title":"103","h":939},{"pid":"PA104","order":133,"title":"104"},{"pid":"PA105","order":134,"title":"105","h":947},{"pid":"PA106","order":135,"title":"106","h":940},{"pid":"PA107","order":136,"title":"107","h":932},{"pid":"PA108","order":137,"title":"108","h":925},{"pid":"PA109","order":138,"title":"109","h":938},{"pid":"PA110","order":139,"title":"110"},{"pid":"PA111","order":140,"title":"111","h":937},{"pid":"PA112","order":141,"title":"112","h":934},{"pid":"PA113","order":142,"title":"113","h":939},{"pid":"PA114","order":143,"title":"114","h":933},{"pid":"PA115","order":144,"title":"115","h":940},{"pid":"PA116","order":145,"title":"116","h":933},{"pid":"PA117","order":146,"title":"117","h":941},{"pid":"PA118","order":147,"title":"118","h":935},{"pid":"PA119","order":148,"title":"119","h":940},{"pid":"PA120","order":149,"title":"120","h":932},{"pid":"PA121","order":150,"title":"121","h":941},{"pid":"PA122","order":151,"title":"122","h":941},{"pid":"PA123","order":152,"title":"123","h":941},{"pid":"PA124","order":153,"title":"124","h":933},{"pid":"PA125","order":154,"title":"125","h":937},{"pid":"PA126","order":155,"title":"126","h":929},{"pid":"PA127","order":156,"title":"127","h":944},{"pid":"PA128","order":157,"title":"128","h":936},{"pid":"PA129","order":158,"title":"129","h":933},{"pid":"PA130","order":159,"title":"130","h":925},{"pid":"PA131","order":160,"title":"131","h":935},{"pid":"PA132","order":161,"title":"132","h":928},{"pid":"PA133","order":162,"title":"133","h":936},{"pid":"PA134","order":163,"title":"134","h":929},{"pid":"PA135","order":164,"title":"135","h":940},{"pid":"PA136","order":165,"title":"136","h":932},{"pid":"PA137","order":166,"title":"137","h":935},{"pid":"PA138","order":167,"title":"138","h":929},{"pid":"PA139","order":168,"title":"139","h":943},{"pid":"PA140","order":169,"title":"140","h":936},{"pid":"PA141","order":170,"title":"141","h":903},{"pid":"PA142","order":171,"title":"142","h":929},{"pid":"PA143","order":172,"title":"143","h":943},{"pid":"PA144","order":173,"title":"144","h":935},{"pid":"PA145","order":174,"title":"145","h":941},{"pid":"PA146","order":175,"title":"146","h":934},{"pid":"PA147","order":176,"title":"147","h":899},{"pid":"PA148","order":177,"title":"148","h":942},{"pid":"PA149","order":178,"title":"149","h":937},{"pid":"PA150","order":179,"title":"150","h":903},{"pid":"PA151","order":180,"title":"151","h":950},{"pid":"PA152","order":181,"title":"152","h":944},{"pid":"PA153","order":182,"title":"153","h":934},{"pid":"PA154","order":183,"title":"154","h":927},{"pid":"PA155","order":184,"title":"155","h":940},{"pid":"PA156","order":185,"title":"156","h":933},{"pid":"PA157","order":186,"title":"157","h":935},{"pid":"PA158","order":187,"title":"158","h":929},{"pid":"PA159","order":188,"title":"159","h":942},{"pid":"PA160","order":189,"title":"160","h":932},{"pid":"PA161","order":190,"title":"161","h":935},{"pid":"PA162","order":191,"title":"162","h":930},{"pid":"PA163","order":192,"title":"163","h":942},{"pid":"PA164","order":193,"title":"164","h":936},{"pid":"PA165","order":194,"title":"165","h":900},{"pid":"PA166","order":195,"title":"166","h":934},{"pid":"PA167","order":196,"title":"167","h":949},{"pid":"PA168","order":197,"title":"168","h":944},{"pid":"PA169","order":198,"title":"169","h":945},{"pid":"PA170","order":199,"title":"170","h":941},{"pid":"PA171","order":200,"title":"171","h":952},{"pid":"PA172","order":201,"title":"172","h":899},{"pid":"PA173","order":202,"title":"173","h":900},{"pid":"PA174","order":203,"title":"174","h":928},{"pid":"PA175","order":204,"title":"175","h":941},{"pid":"PA176","order":205,"title":"176","h":933},{"pid":"PA177","order":206,"title":"177","h":940},{"pid":"PA178","order":207,"title":"178","h":897},{"pid":"PA179","order":208,"title":"179","h":942},{"pid":"PA180","order":209,"title":"180","h":937},{"pid":"PA181","order":210,"title":"181","h":939},{"pid":"PA182","order":211,"title":"182","h":933},{"pid":"PA183","order":212,"title":"183","h":933},{"pid":"PA184","order":213,"title":"184","h":926},{"pid":"PA185","order":214,"title":"185","h":948},{"pid":"PA186","order":215,"title":"186","h":940},{"pid":"PA187","order":216,"title":"187","h":935},{"pid":"PA188","order":217,"title":"188","h":928},{"pid":"PA189","order":218,"title":"189","h":948},{"pid":"PA190","order":219,"title":"190","h":943},{"pid":"PA191","order":220,"title":"191","h":942},{"pid":"PA192","order":221,"title":"192","h":934},{"pid":"PA193","order":222,"title":"193","h":947},{"pid":"PA194","order":223,"title":"194","h":940},{"pid":"PA195","order":224,"title":"195","h":941},{"pid":"PA196","order":225,"title":"196","h":934},{"pid":"PA197","order":226,"title":"197","h":949},{"pid":"PA198","order":227,"title":"198","h":942},{"pid":"PA199","order":228,"title":"199","h":940},{"pid":"PA200","order":229,"title":"200","h":932},{"pid":"PA201","order":230,"title":"201","h":952},{"pid":"PA202","order":231,"title":"202","h":945},{"pid":"PA203","order":232,"title":"203","h":940},{"pid":"PA204","order":233,"title":"204","h":935},{"pid":"PA205","order":234,"title":"205","h":950},{"pid":"PA206","order":235,"title":"206","h":945},{"pid":"PA207","order":236,"title":"207","h":900},{"pid":"PA208","order":237,"title":"208","h":933},{"pid":"PA209","order":238,"title":"209","h":950},{"pid":"PA210","order":239,"title":"210","h":942},{"pid":"PA211","order":240,"title":"211","h":935},{"pid":"PA212","order":241,"title":"212","h":899},{"pid":"PA213","order":242,"title":"213","h":938},{"pid":"PA214","order":243,"title":"214","h":928},{"pid":"PA215","order":244,"title":"215","h":939},{"pid":"PA216","order":245,"title":"216","h":934},{"pid":"PA217","order":246,"title":"217","h":935},{"pid":"PA218","order":247,"title":"218","h":928},{"pid":"PA219","order":248,"title":"219","h":941},{"pid":"PA220","order":249,"title":"220","h":934},{"pid":"PA221","order":250,"title":"221","h":935},{"pid":"PA222","order":251,"title":"222","h":928},{"pid":"PA223","order":252,"title":"223","h":949},{"pid":"PA224","order":253,"title":"224","h":944},{"pid":"PA225","order":254,"title":"225","h":901},{"pid":"PA226","order":255,"title":"226","h":901},{"pid":"PA227","order":256,"title":"227","h":903},{"pid":"PA228","order":257,"title":"228","h":900},{"pid":"PA229","order":258,"title":"229","h":934},{"pid":"PA230","order":259,"title":"230","h":932},{"pid":"PA231","order":260,"title":"231","h":940},{"pid":"PA232","order":261,"title":"232","h":934},{"pid":"PA233","order":262,"title":"233","h":935},{"pid":"PA234","order":263,"title":"234","h":927},{"pid":"PA235","order":264,"title":"235","h":901},{"pid":"PA237","order":266,"title":"237","h":943},{"pid":"PA239","order":268,"title":"239","h":949},{"pid":"PA240","order":269,"title":"240","h":899},{"pid":"PA241","order":270,"title":"241","h":932},{"pid":"PA243","order":272,"title":"243","h":943},{"pid":"PA245","order":274,"title":"245","h":935},{"pid":"PA246","order":275,"title":"246","h":927},{"pid":"PA247","order":276,"title":"247","h":940},{"pid":"PA248","order":277,"title":"248","h":933},{"pid":"PA252","order":281,"title":"252","h":933},{"pid":"PA254","order":283,"title":"254","h":927},{"pid":"PA255","order":284,"title":"255","h":943},{"pid":"PA256","order":285,"title":"256","h":933},{"pid":"PA257","order":286,"title":"257","h":934},{"pid":"PA258","order":287,"title":"258","h":925},{"pid":"PA262","order":291,"title":"262","h":928},{"pid":"PA263","order":292,"title":"263","h":936},{"pid":"PA264","order":293,"title":"264","h":928},{"pid":"PA265","order":294,"title":"265","h":939},{"pid":"PA266","order":295,"title":"266"},{"pid":"PA269","order":298,"title":"269","h":940},{"pid":"PA270","order":299,"title":"270","h":933},{"pid":"PA271","order":300,"title":"271","h":934},{"pid":"PA273","order":302,"title":"273","h":949},{"pid":"PA274","order":303,"title":"274","h":941},{"pid":"PA275","order":304,"title":"275","h":941},{"pid":"PA276","order":305,"title":"276","h":899},{"pid":"PA277","order":306,"title":"277","h":948},{"pid":"PA278","order":307,"title":"278","h":898},{"pid":"PA279","order":308,"title":"279","h":942},{"pid":"PA281","order":310,"title":"281","h":901},{"pid":"PA282","order":311,"title":"282","h":942},{"pid":"PA283","order":312,"title":"283","h":945},{"pid":"PA285","order":314,"title":"285","h":947},{"pid":"PA286","order":315,"title":"286","h":901},{"pid":"PA287","order":316,"title":"287","h":939},{"pid":"PA288","order":317,"title":"288","h":932},{"pid":"PA289","order":318,"title":"289","h":940},{"pid":"PA291","order":320,"title":"291","h":934},{"pid":"PA293","order":322,"title":"293","h":932},{"pid":"PA295","order":324,"title":"295","h":935},{"pid":"PA296","order":325,"title":"296","h":928},{"pid":"PA297","order":326,"title":"297","h":949},{"pid":"PA298","order":327,"title":"298","h":942},{"pid":"PA300","order":329,"title":"300","h":932},{"pid":"PA301","order":330,"title":"301","h":933},{"pid":"PA303","order":332,"title":"303","h":932},{"pid":"PA304","order":333,"title":"304","h":925},{"pid":"PA305","order":334,"title":"305","h":935},{"pid":"PA308","order":337,"title":"308","h":932},{"pid":"PA311","order":340,"title":"311","h":945},{"pid":"PA312","order":341,"title":"312","h":939},{"pid":"PA314","order":343,"title":"314","h":932},{"pid":"PA317","order":346,"title":"317","h":939},{"pid":"PA319","order":348,"title":"319","h":938},{"pid":"PA320","order":349,"title":"320","h":935},{"pid":"PA321","order":350,"title":"321"},{"pid":"PA322","order":351,"title":"322","h":924},{"pid":"PA323","order":352,"title":"323","h":901},{"pid":"PA324","order":353,"title":"324","h":902},{"pid":"PA325","order":354,"title":"325","h":896},{"pid":"PA326","order":355,"title":"326","h":934},{"pid":"PA327","order":356,"title":"327","h":946},{"pid":"PA328","order":357,"title":"328","h":945},{"pid":"PA329","order":358,"title":"329","h":940},{"pid":"PA331","order":360,"title":"331","h":939},{"pid":"PA333","order":362,"title":"333","h":939},{"pid":"PA334","order":363,"title":"334","h":932},{"pid":"PA335","order":364,"title":"335","h":935},{"pid":"PA337","order":366,"title":"337","h":935},{"pid":"PA338","order":367,"title":"338","h":925},{"pid":"PA339","order":368,"title":"339","h":936},{"pid":"PA340","order":369,"title":"340","h":925},{"pid":"PA342","order":371,"title":"342","h":925},{"pid":"PA343","order":372,"title":"343","h":932},{"pid":"PA344","order":373,"title":"344","h":927},{"pid":"PA345","order":374,"title":"345","h":940},{"pid":"PA346","order":375,"title":"346","h":930},{"pid":"PA347","order":376,"title":"347","h":901},{"pid":"PA348","order":377,"title":"348","h":899},{"pid":"PA351","order":380,"title":"351","h":933},{"pid":"PA354","order":383,"title":"354","h":921},{"pid":"PA355","order":384,"title":"355","h":932},{"pid":"PA357","order":386,"title":"357","h":900},{"pid":"PA359","order":388,"title":"359","h":900},{"pid":"PA361","order":390,"title":"361","h":946},{"pid":"PA362","order":391,"title":"362","h":939},{"pid":"PA363","order":392,"title":"363","h":937},{"pid":"PA364","order":393,"title":"364","h":930},{"pid":"PA365","order":394,"title":"365","h":949},{"pid":"PA366","order":395,"title":"366","h":899},{"pid":"PA368","order":397,"title":"368","h":930},{"pid":"PA369","order":398,"title":"369","h":939},{"pid":"PA371","order":400,"title":"371","h":938},{"pid":"PA372","order":401,"title":"372","h":899},{"pid":"PA373","order":402,"title":"373","h":947},{"pid":"PA374","order":403,"title":"374","h":940},{"pid":"PA375","order":404,"title":"375","h":933},{"pid":"PA376","order":405,"title":"376","h":927},{"pid":"PA377","order":406,"title":"377","h":937},{"pid":"PA378","order":407,"title":"378","h":930},{"pid":"PA380","order":409,"title":"380","h":924},{"pid":"PA381","order":410,"title":"381","h":938},{"pid":"PA383","order":412,"title":"383","h":932},{"pid":"PA385","order":414,"title":"385","h":928},{"pid":"PA387","order":416,"title":"387","h":936},{"pid":"PA388","order":417,"title":"388","h":898},{"pid":"PA393","order":422,"title":"393","h":932},{"pid":"PA394","order":423,"title":"394","h":922},{"pid":"PA395","order":424,"title":"395","h":936},{"pid":"PA398","order":427,"title":"398","h":925},{"pid":"PA399","order":428,"title":"399","h":934},{"pid":"PA400","order":429,"title":"400","h":929},{"pid":"PA401","order":430,"title":"401","h":930},{"pid":"PA402","order":431,"title":"402","h":925},{"pid":"PA403","order":432,"title":"403","h":897},{"pid":"PA404","order":433,"title":"404","h":938},{"pid":"PA406","order":435,"title":"406","h":925},{"pid":"PA407","order":436,"title":"407","h":943},{"pid":"PA410","order":439,"title":"410","h":897},{"pid":"PA412","order":441,"title":"412","h":928},{"pid":"PA413","order":442,"title":"413","h":937},{"pid":"PA414","order":443,"title":"414","h":927},{"pid":"PA415","order":444,"title":"415","h":937},{"pid":"PA416","order":445,"title":"416","h":927},{"pid":"PA417","order":446,"title":"417","h":932},{"pid":"PA418","order":447,"title":"418","h":922},{"pid":"PA420","order":449,"title":"420","h":928},{"pid":"PA421","order":450,"title":"421","h":930},{"pid":"PA422","order":451,"title":"422","h":923},{"pid":"PA424","order":453,"title":"424","h":925},{"pid":"PA426","order":455,"title":"426","h":897},{"pid":"PA427","order":456,"title":"427","h":932},{"pid":"PA428","order":457,"title":"428","h":924},{"pid":"PA430","order":459,"title":"430","h":922},{"pid":"PA431","order":460,"title":"431"},{"pid":"PA433","order":462,"title":"433","h":935},{"pid":"PA434","order":463,"title":"434","h":927},{"pid":"PA435","order":464,"title":"435","h":928},{"pid":"PA436","order":465,"title":"436","h":897},{"pid":"PA437","order":466,"title":"437","h":939},{"pid":"PA438","order":467,"title":"438","h":932},{"pid":"PA439","order":468,"title":"439","h":929},{"pid":"PA440","order":469,"title":"440","h":926},{"pid":"PA441","order":470,"title":"441","h":929},{"pid":"PA443","order":472,"title":"443","h":929},{"pid":"PA444","order":473,"title":"444","h":899},{"pid":"PA445","order":474,"title":"445","h":898},{"pid":"PA448","order":477,"title":"448","h":891},{"pid":"PA449","order":478,"title":"449","h":895},{"pid":"PA450","order":479,"title":"450","h":920},{"pid":"PA452","order":481,"title":"452","h":922},{"pid":"PA453","order":482,"title":"453","h":932},{"pid":"PA454","order":483,"title":"454","h":897},{"pid":"PA456","order":485,"title":"456","h":920},{"pid":"PT6","flags":64,"order":527,"h":928}],"prefix":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026lpg=PP1"},{"fullview":false,"page_width":575,"page_height":931,"font_height":0,"first_content_page":38,"disable_twopage":true,"initial_zoom_width_override":0,"show_print_pages_button":false,"title":"Byzantium in the Seventh Century","subtitle":"The Transformation of a Culture","attribution":"By John F. Haldon","additional_info":{"[JsonBookInfo]":{"BuyLinks":[{"Seller":"Cambridge University Press","Url":"http://www.cambridge.org/9780521319171","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-cambridge\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026q=http://www.cambridge.org/9780521319171\u0026usg=AOvVaw2w6qizGVdpGBmFKEuqo_pu","IsPublisher":true},{"Seller":"Amazon.com","Url":"http://www.amazon.com/gp/search?index=books\u0026linkCode=qs\u0026keywords=9780521319171","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-cambridge\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026q=http://www.amazon.com/gp/search%3Findex%3Dbooks%26linkCode%3Dqs%26keywords%3D9780521319171\u0026usg=AOvVaw3_2xvJY7bKntITiUDlW_iv"},{"Seller":"MPH","Url":"http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx?do=detail\u0026pcode=9780521319171","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-cambridge\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026q=http://www.mphonline.com/books/nsearch.aspx%3Fdo%3Ddetail%26pcode%3D9780521319171\u0026usg=AOvVaw3waane2-3eeLgOm9QLAo9g"},{"Seller":"Popular","Url":"https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/?q=9780521319171","TrackingUrl":"/url?client=ca-print-cambridge\u0026format=googleprint\u0026num=0\u0026id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026q=https://www.popular.com.sg/catalogsearch/result/%3Fq%3D9780521319171\u0026usg=AOvVaw1D-T6_SVtiwzf21MzYN9t5"}],"AboutUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C","PreviewUrl":"https://books.google.com.sg/books?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C","allowed_syndication_flags":{"allow_disabling_chrome":true},"TocLine":[{"Title":"The background state and society before Heraclius","Pid":"PA9","PgNum":"9","Order":38},{"Title":"The East Roman world c 610717 the politics of survival","Pid":"PA41","PgNum":"41","Order":70},{"Title":"Social relations and the economy the cities and the land","Pid":"PA92","PgNum":"92","Order":121},{"Title":"Social relations and the economy rural society","Pid":"PA125","PgNum":"125","Order":154},{"Title":"The state and its apparatus fiscal administration","Pid":"PA173","PgNum":"173","Order":202},{"Title":"The state and its apparatus military administration","Pid":"PA208","PgNum":"208","Order":237},{"Title":"Society state and law","Pid":"PA254","PgNum":"254","Order":283},{"Title":"The imperial church and the politics of authority","Pid":"PA281","PgNum":"281","Order":310},{"Title":"Religion and belief","Pid":"PA324","PgNum":"324","Order":353},{"Title":"Forms of social and cultural organisation infrastructures and hierarchies","Pid":"PA376","PgNum":"376","Order":405},{"Title":"Forms of representation language literature and the icon","Pid":"PA403","PgNum":"403","Order":432},{"Title":"the transformation of a culture","Pid":"PA436","PgNum":"436","Order":465},{"Title":"Further observations on the question of the late ancient city","Pid":"PA459","PgNum":"459","Order":488},{"Title":"Bibliography","Pid":"PA462","PgNum":"462","Order":491}]}},"table_of_contents_page_id":"PR12","max_resolution_image_width":1280,"max_resolution_image_height":2072,"num_toc_pages":1,"quality_info":"We know this book has perfect quality.","volume_id":"pSHmT1G_5T0C","permission_info":"Pages displayed by permission of \u003ca class=link_aux href=\"https://books.google.com.sg/url?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026pg=PP1\u0026q=http://www.cambridge.org\u0026clientid=ca-print-cambridge\u0026linkid=1\u0026usg=AOvVaw3UvD3Tapwjgq3PaHtyWW-1\u0026source=gbs_pub_info_r\"\u003eCambridge University Press\u003c/a\u003e","is_ebook":false,"volumeresult":{"has_flowing_text":false,"has_scanned_text":true,"can_download_pdf":false,"can_download_epub":false,"is_pdf_drm_enabled":false,"is_epub_drm_enabled":false},"publisher":"Cambridge University Press","publication_date":"1990","subject":"History","num_pages":486,"sample_url":"https://play.google.com/books/reader?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026source=gbs_vpt_hover","synposis":"This book presents the first analytical account in English of major developments within Byzantine culture, society and the state in the crucial formative period from c.610-717. The seventh century saw the final collapse of ancient urban civilization and municipal culture, the rise of Islam, the evolution of patterns of thought and social structure that made imperial iconoclasm possible, and the development of state apparatuses--military, civil and fiscal--typical of the middle Byzantine state. Also, during this period, orthodox Christianity finally became the unquestioned dominant culture and a religious framework of belief (to the exclusion of alternative systems, which were henceforth marginalized or proscribed).","my_library_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fop%3Dlibrary\u0026hl=en","is_magazine":false,"is_public_domain":false},{"enableUserFeedbackUI":true,"pseudocontinuous":true,"is_cobrand":false,"sign_in_url":"https://www.google.com/accounts/Login?service=print\u0026continue=https://books.google.com.sg/books%3Fid%3DpSHmT1G_5T0C%26printsec%3Dfrontcover%26redir_esc%3Dy%26hl%3Den\u0026hl=en","isEntityPageViewport":false,"showViewportOnboarding":false,"showViewportPlainTextOnboarding":false},{"page":[{"pid":"PP1","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026pg=PP1\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U0byGTRrpLv1XGo-ncjFkLT9P3loA","flags":32,"order":0,"uf":"https://books.google.com.sg/books_feedback?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026spid=AFLRE719JjCNEjO0H9G2vS02kmk6IIxbjU1gW07UyK3eU7JnNfiwUV0\u0026ftype=0"},{"pid":"PR5","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026pg=PR5\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U0oHt3WmUVA1fSvns6W2o9Dbo1rJg"},{"pid":"PR6","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026pg=PR6\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U3y_PKU7a3TVoyeGR7Qo0Wta7iOGA"},{"pid":"PR12","src":"https://books.google.com.sg/books/content?id=pSHmT1G_5T0C\u0026pg=PR12\u0026img=1\u0026zoom=3\u0026hl=en\u0026sig=ACfU3U1SDYVZNwtPPcrQspLjThHBvWtr0w"}]},null,null,{});</script></div></div></div><script>(function() {var href = window.location.href;if (href.indexOf('?') !== -1) {var parameters = href.split('?')[1].split('&');for (var i = 0; i < parameters.length; i++) {var param = parameters[i].split('=');if (param[0] == 'focus') {var elem = document.getElementById(param[1]);if (elem) {elem.focus();}}}}})();</script>