CINXE.COM

Just a moment...

<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en-US"><head><title>Just a moment...</title><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8"><meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge"><meta name="robots" content="noindex,nofollow"><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width,initial-scale=1"><style>*{box-sizing:border-box;margin:0;padding:0}html{line-height:1.15;-webkit-text-size-adjust:100%;color:#313131;font-family:system-ui,-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,Segoe UI,Roboto,Helvetica Neue,Arial,Noto Sans,sans-serif,Apple Color Emoji,Segoe UI Emoji,Segoe UI Symbol,Noto Color Emoji}body{display:flex;flex-direction:column;height:100vh;min-height:100vh}.main-content{margin:8rem auto;max-width:60rem;padding-left:1.5rem}@media (width <= 720px){.main-content{margin-top:4rem}}.h2{font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:500;line-height:2.25rem}@media (width <= 720px){.h2{font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5rem}}#challenge-error-text{background-image:url(data:image/svg+xml;base64,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);background-repeat:no-repeat;background-size:contain;padding-left:34px}@media (prefers-color-scheme:dark){body{background-color:#222;color:#d9d9d9}}</style><meta http-equiv="refresh" content="120"></head><body class="no-js"><div class="main-wrapper" role="main"><div class="main-content"><noscript><div class="h2"><span id="challenge-error-text">Enable JavaScript and cookies to continue</span></div></noscript></div></div><script>(function(){window._cf_chl_opt={cvId: '3',cZone: "publications.waset.org",cType: 'non-interactive',cRay: '91343389d9ffd083',cH: 'XgrnpL.z6XzSuMdHyF.khiHTKW8_XQx5ArBA.oF_wBg-1739778781-1.2.1.1-elVNXaKkNPWM4sPOyLLjw_xw84rfY0EcGi8j5XtdkvujgX5B2DTMYBS0rFEG2aKi',cUPMDTk: "\/abstracts\/search?q=K.%20Haggag&__cf_chl_tk=yGZFun0az5cJabgivt5m.9CYoPN.qV5qMepIQCsPbQo-1739778781-1.0.1.1-SZgyW35dC57NBT5PBC1.LRESQe890cqVw0laq6JVoXQ",cFPWv: 'b',cITimeS: '1739778781',cTTimeMs: '1000',cMTimeMs: '120000',cTplC: 0,cTplV: 5,cTplB: 'cf',cK: "",fa: "\/abstracts\/search?q=K.%20Haggag&__cf_chl_f_tk=yGZFun0az5cJabgivt5m.9CYoPN.qV5qMepIQCsPbQo-1739778781-1.0.1.1-SZgyW35dC57NBT5PBC1.LRESQe890cqVw0laq6JVoXQ",md: "Xs1fai9xeyM3aGC1xGEtlvhfYGk.LlhA6C4RBCttYjY-1739778781-1.2.1.1-5JTkk7JfKq87ZAARzYgYOkOVCAQD3cvR.hN3NggpDDnfW11mkScQ6vrhbyEfNtB8aFx6zwCVU465B0KGdYI7cBNFkD8Ipka2aGJMBBppROrmQSjQcX_pPgQtlwnpi02vM8whSIbf.WQ2mMKHW6IyJzzdXE_hoMtGIzAxeN7FG9ukaI5.hkxbYMfRUviqfs_rxkU0BqmjkzL4Bx4qpNjQLI48EQEWq0fSWsdrBGhSwrwudDbGy8P4NX0WGOkarWERH5GC_p0nHTBBu63GbgobOENjj7vzdv0ucSuWgXjtBZIZsV_mLYdUFP_tdou34Weimp5u5dUDQm7snbbahZvgdA51YeDkpr.CHLzQw.6hVu.AswTSUg9K.EGgGc97Expot7T4w_07gXEolYzrmlyL1pjN9rKWI76TBapWHeB_DD7gUWMqf_h2TM5f.4lt.QDjO.rkFjHt3LUGVTY7AQg_48KztlMr6q_WZ.EjaIGAt_5DK3LN0U9Psow5.KB6XJFe1YLtE.fTlMUo9jAh.9nw__CJIcADXYiMGA3_9SBn4Nm8hULJVOQCCYg5eorwFbYvQ1ZyfS4VeXXDeWPsCdyHZ5ykhBkMwzI77qL7zAz2772mAVwSpquLI6vuF2_T71Ng1QeDOVj0J52b2polqUTCZtWRFeWBtGqOAs7teHtYI0uSaalf1FAe3TJc3TZx0x2qUMlM2YrNV4hX3JGKBcR9l__5cZHEMCY7.5luPWMEVv9J5bmFwNcYkC3Am_VP7my3jHvXwahrfKZhpV0lEzWQDHn2VoSl7u7pvwjRH.HcUZQIBzK7_62.o1LvNV4WGrPX8KwbivahVqaM3JR7zwCXpSEaMZsYSVDyscOepdPGQVjNg1o2N4pxMuyL1mShe8ZAkBLpRTTzq80.i0tc26VnS1_0Nym2gCin9B28INQECLITDuqF7J9BHq1SxbsZPxxJMe7RJVS8HJyeu.79KDqqjdFb.MxjUR1hCo5h0y4vo7Lm9liBCe3U2P66i2PI2M5uljDVYPPjiIdbFXcj2NNHbU7OsP9CHcZi5_ZqTgvM8vxI8o5fJOricW_9Ij3A_Gffe8IqEMovF48iJdUfK7SGUMGAog_JR.ZjCozAPoIMUYcMWg9p5j5QNciW3pfD3rLpC8x0R4ZKIjlupkp3WedgUgvJM0hXfHinwnj8lPE.Rzzk_czkvWeOWJ7bEz6SUy7xT_5VxdPoC6w3nVJKIOUIyYn85ZRfMAXEs3vMuE459NhXimHrI0LVZgaMhI1Kz889BPEELYWtcMwVk6WL2bmVEy1sdIHP2Ss8r4Cmf5sarELDrl23RpKs9uS9lofvtoi9K4fUDpHMakkDhKLW8fQwyaql.xZ4ZUYk2K4984s1dUQ.WnqZHxcL2I5YzB6OFMZXP11hGhaWvDEFKtz..n1PUfML5.SrXkNpgkiIRGiwLVJT355labOabFUQUD6YQomAznLFvwnB9LupJtgAN5LhFbL2L0cJ4u08rYZXF2AtkAH_H5t2LAeeLeUt1WtQnzz_aK6ER70ccsBPTk3UpkRQE5zyK2vfvfTUUMoV_Y4bEJrBc0bJgbCwQ8rFJsfttrOImsHHibuDUPbxAiEB3iZHbuf44wnQ3Qbbe7tyVu2NtIPxjT9VClj4lLNo8QlvDnwoQ2qiE9VBuKj9Pn5Us5IG0NvJnzF__N6Ed2veeFmbWachDuiHZ8HOMwI6FC27BnWaQ347CX.Yn42BP5L_qECPUU1cM36v2QOQKXOf9yFtRDlw8O30GhsRbrLTMn1Hs.wxqwDttK8lLkopCyT6IU.7SEGnx9LV1u0TtThYW5j1jhDDLiTk3TepFsav3NWScQ283gD3_bQxP467EKNATEDzdwqhbR_JhLSHrCmHJFEdCCAHffney3XBMZvTSc2.ljcx7MYhAKt9V2u1axM1mlUmtQ",mdrd: "XzW9fzZBFf6lO.T8yDQ6BTQ9cEbkp6R6RO9HgAhD6nw-1739778781-1.2.1.1-O5HOJ.H.Pu4C1reShKDUGwM6LFX66r5g_e1yjNZiObEeVusorIKT_PfHII3LuVuBGhAuWjoHyFkRu4Fv_TrEkXETMF4KGsTmC3AeOo6V87FRcXvrUeE55EBp0jgbRG1A6uHaLCRGmI_iy5U8PgkSr9kFl_C.R.2xvpki_c_Cc2d2ODxYcxFPNZAjKvHWqxsxIdQOsZJMaMusdURdot7yjZeR8k7Pqo5YLPKd9tv36g92ru8fZZIk8WjaCJizmJwCtJHeuPlpG79EM9wDL7gfy8YiY8rxEsKWl8sw3RSKUpGlW56dAG.38eCd8RrqPp0PnpgcrupbJlPIsznKN_QD3kK9xccwAE8IC1Eb6smX5fxaAk8ugiTXZAeubLca44q8uqedvhg1VIoy.mM2vYhVQ5cXeHqhFdYBgrjZSuZVttF4eLlwQVlki3y2_5iQqv0_XA3htxKxnmx.iOI_X3PekPyz2js.wCT0q0yMUvrutaBPy2zbkG10uAbHu6K1OSVbB9AcfPDYhI88QoZtK5JcWwsC4oXLV3fsthitja79Nm2S_kWL08nbnROFCbdGu1csTE8l4Lioqrji1bMXXL5UuOmDGxWMDSeo3l.IzXY3zeGRK_Ufnb.iAwCelJfxMQM6PgL_nk7CuQpuIX5YY516DavI0Q0EkBsHo1YbFWirSskUXmCtVVAx_YMEakrevIqOX0ZHzwdL7mYQSmNr0RXmJ7jUZ3tOfXS8cxw3Wp2bvz1wNE688xNEjnzn2jFpg5t5EaIgLJsbRIJ2C9rkxj7H0BNwzZSPemUQ.yfbWiuNp3caupuRZ0uJMS4u4PXd53U14mIRH.DEJAdSypBAbGNCwFPc9Uh.ZbUGgyzBmVZQHsAtcETr8MWsExyiGJCuP0Gs93ByffjCLR_SMVzjU3MPEoFmj0w.mw_SOt_VMvP1k.EIx56_24DiLlr.L1mTjQeYbi_eS9CusSf_Mpps2sdAmSnQZOpiLmmFYfjE5bxUAVu44G8lufquNpwt5BJtEYZBzrQI5Zx96GN89TLjO8lgizWkzlwhM0opxZsx.b8uqFqax5laWjyIYf9RMkTSUuMarlNFT4YzqJJuqonlKDD6ZCNRLxwRU8JvsXhdscw1nCJ9obDJhlClva4Ir.gt9bRZgRW1VDFVOMnTsYFWtXMvOCH.aaJoQ3Xzr4Gz_eQvoGFuH_MSm3Hfzb0e8NJSX8S_mzrUCO0vaPr9j7.j.ZtT6_Qdw8VuYEj9e3skgInh1GWXLFD6TZewpIVWk6eMhYvUQt0yvNbxwX95Oa75UhkHG88MCRtVr4rxoEqURpxDnot1x2INxmeQwiTaxflvAlHTYi.4EGJ1l0qBiwNRKlPzuwalxYBMnseCmSTpYhe6fKUVquQd7bZdL7Hi2LsSv7TCEH5jul3_BQv4g2vEq37OM7XUJgkuvujqkSFqw098lHT.Sep67RMSOfuo33xqKQTc2Rv2Fty8QVH2dTbb7Vu0_5KxFBtGiXZKxQ4cqxQ4lJEhlk0jixwstqskE2YeOpvqtS6IY6MUHAL5W0x0LHBIbkgaYNUaSEWrnraz76t1GPvAJ6PjrBN1g7mLG5AunOP04XEp6frLjijXK8w9ks5SsWeERVP4ISDLSRkOXkeJolmTI53ux9qMsOczBPlN64sWhnIcwjNnzkxwRdvEu91YjIOQo5Aygq_KjzNXJ9zKSZmSCGxAd_nTEv81D77M7cApVbiyvTRnG73WylYqIv8R2o1.kR6OpkI15LoldRCdGOEzEV5N6w942IfPJSV_ZRbn4E4b2DyTL2rAZET7JK0LRcpf_Iepd9lxbHyeAAnAJgoRsVBJz2XDQfDu1wgpbS8ffFiSRRvCySwDEqBjRIg6XLqTNR_w2rY2WLsKeoKn7MPM2jTzIZGAXGLbs4P94q6FmmjYxfHfivPjGHpQzzy1S5R7ILXrc7Qsr.ryEBLmblR1Ksdg6thCjJsOGOtKF_05"};var cpo = document.createElement('script');cpo.src = '/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/h/b/orchestrate/chl_page/v1?ray=91343389d9ffd083';window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash = location.hash === '' && location.href.indexOf('#') !== -1 ? '#' : location.hash;window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery = location.search === '' && location.href.slice(0, location.href.length - window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash.length).indexOf('?') !== -1 ? '?' : location.search;if (window.history && window.history.replaceState) {var ogU = location.pathname + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUQuery + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash;history.replaceState(null, null, "\/abstracts\/search?q=K.%20Haggag&__cf_chl_rt_tk=yGZFun0az5cJabgivt5m.9CYoPN.qV5qMepIQCsPbQo-1739778781-1.0.1.1-SZgyW35dC57NBT5PBC1.LRESQe890cqVw0laq6JVoXQ" + window._cf_chl_opt.cOgUHash);cpo.onload = function() {history.replaceState(null, null, ogU);}}document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(cpo);}());</script></body></html>