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class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="en" dir="ltr"><div class="shortdescription nomobile noexcerpt noprint searchaux" style="display:none">System used on NATO military airfields</div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1251242444">.mw-parser-output .ambox{border:1px solid #a2a9b1;border-left:10px solid #36c;background-color:#fbfbfb;box-sizing:border-box}.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+link+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+style+.ambox,.mw-parser-output .ambox+.mw-empty-elt+link+link+.ambox{margin-top:-1px}html body.mediawiki .mw-parser-output .ambox.mbox-small-left{margin:4px 1em 4px 0;overflow:hidden;width:238px;border-collapse:collapse;font-size:88%;line-height:1.25em}.mw-parser-output .ambox-speedy{border-left:10px solid #b32424;background-color:#fee7e6}.mw-parser-output .ambox-delete{border-left:10px solid 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href="/wiki/File:Question_book-new.svg" class="mw-file-description"><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/50px-Question_book-new.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="39" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/75px-Question_book-new.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/9/99/Question_book-new.svg/100px-Question_book-new.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="512" data-file-height="399" /></a></span></div></td><td class="mbox-text"><div class="mbox-text-span">This article <b>needs additional citations for <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Verifiability" title="Wikipedia:Verifiability">verification</a></b>.<span class="hide-when-compact"> Please help <a href="/wiki/Special:EditPage/Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System" title="Special:EditPage/Weapons Storage and Security System">improve this article</a> by <a href="/wiki/Help:Referencing_for_beginners" 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Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.<br /><small><span class="plainlinks"><i>Find sources:</i> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?as_eq=wikipedia&q=%22Weapons+Storage+and+Security+System%22">"Weapons Storage and Security System"</a> – <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbm=nws&q=%22Weapons+Storage+and+Security+System%22+-wikipedia&tbs=ar:1">news</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?&q=%22Weapons+Storage+and+Security+System%22&tbs=bkt:s&tbm=bks">newspapers</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.google.com/search?tbs=bks:1&q=%22Weapons+Storage+and+Security+System%22+-wikipedia">books</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?q=%22Weapons+Storage+and+Security+System%22">scholar</a> <b>·</b> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/action/doBasicSearch?Query=%22Weapons+Storage+and+Security+System%22&acc=on&wc=on">JSTOR</a></span></small></span> <span class="date-container"><i>(<span class="date">May 2024</span>)</i></span><span class="hide-when-compact"><i> (<small><a href="/wiki/Help:Maintenance_template_removal" title="Help:Maintenance template removal">Learn how and when to remove this message</a></small>)</i></span></div></td></tr></tbody></table> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg/220px-B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="146" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg/330px-B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fd/B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg/440px-B61_in_Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="531" /></a><figcaption>Weapons Storage and Security System vault in raised position holding a <a href="/wiki/B61_nuclear_bomb" title="B61 nuclear bomb">B61 nuclear bomb</a>. The vault is within a <a href="/wiki/Protective_Aircraft_Shelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective Aircraft Shelter">Protective Aircraft Shelter</a></figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg/220px-B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="154" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg/330px-B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5c/B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg/440px-B61_nuclear_bomb_-_inert_training_version.jpg 2x" data-file-width="1500" data-file-height="1050" /></a><figcaption>General <a href="/wiki/Roger_A._Brady" title="Roger A. Brady">Roger Brady</a> being shown a dummy nuclear weapon in a Weapons Storage and Security System at <a href="/wiki/Volkel_Air_Base" title="Volkel Air Base">Volkel Air Base</a></figcaption></figure> <p><b>Weapons Storage and Security System (WS3)</b> is a system including electronic controls and vaults built into the floors of <a href="/wiki/Protective_Aircraft_Shelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Protective Aircraft Shelter">Protective Aircraft Shelters</a> (PAS) on several <a href="/wiki/NATO" title="NATO">NATO</a> <a href="/wiki/Military_airfield" class="mw-redirect" title="Military airfield">military airfields</a> all over the world. These vaults are used for safe special weapons storage, typically of tactical <a href="/wiki/B61_nuclear_bomb" title="B61 nuclear bomb">B61 nuclear bombs</a>. Historically the system was also called within NATO the <b>Weapon Security and Survivability System (WS3)</b><sup id="cite_ref-Nuclear-Matters_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclear-Matters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-chronology_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> or <b>Weapons Survivability and Security System</b>.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: History"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:WS3_Logo.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/WS3_Logo.jpg/170px-WS3_Logo.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="165" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/87/WS3_Logo.jpg/255px-WS3_Logo.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/87/WS3_Logo.jpg 2x" data-file-width="289" data-file-height="280" /></a><figcaption>WS3 system logo</figcaption></figure> <p>During the <a href="/wiki/Cold_War" title="Cold War">Cold War</a> in Europe, US and NATO bases used by the <a href="/wiki/Quick_Reaction_Alert" title="Quick Reaction Alert">Quick Reaction Alert</a> readiness forces stored their nuclear bombs in heavily secured <a href="/wiki/Weapon_storage_area" title="Weapon storage area">weapon storage areas</a> located on or in the vicinity of the base. The process of transferring and mounting the weapons to the aircraft took several hours and required a large coordinated team of security, transportation and engineer personnel; when the alert or exercise was called off, it took an equal amount of time and trouble to return the weapons to the bunkers. </p><p>The standard system had functioned since the late 1940s, but was unsatisfactory for overseas duty in multiple regards: primarily, it required the weapons be kept mounted on the body of the alert aircraft to ensure they could take off quickly enough when called (despite aircraft not being designed to safely or securely store nuclear weapons). Secondarily, it also posed an <a href="/wiki/OPSEC" class="mw-redirect" title="OPSEC">OPSEC</a> risk, as any large amount of activity around the weapons bunkers during a time of crisis would be quickly spotted by the Soviets and interpreted as a prelude to nuclear attack. Lastly, there was a serious risk that wartime damage to airbases from a <a href="/wiki/Pre-emptive_war" class="mw-redirect" title="Pre-emptive war">first strike</a> using nuclear <a href="/wiki/Airburst" class="mw-redirect" title="Airburst">airburst</a> or <a href="/wiki/Chemical_warfare#Persistency" title="Chemical warfare">persistent chemical weapons</a> attack would deny access to the bunkers for many weeks without actually destroying them, thus creating a much-feared "soft kill" scenario in which most of NATO's <a href="/wiki/Theater_(warfare)" title="Theater (warfare)">theater-based</a> nuclear assets could be rapidly neutralized by a much smaller number of Soviet "soft" <a href="/wiki/Area_denial" class="mw-redirect" title="Area denial">area denial</a> strikes. In a projected multi-day war, this was feared to be a decisive handicap. </p><p>Deployment of the WS3 system was authorized in 1988,<sup id="cite_ref-chronology_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-chronology-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and they were in widespread use by 1995. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Specifications">Specifications</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Specifications"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>The WS3 system consists of a Weapons Storage Vault (WSV) and electronic monitoring and control systems built into the concrete floor of a specially-secured <a href="/wiki/Hardened_Aircraft_Shelter" class="mw-redirect" title="Hardened Aircraft Shelter">Hardened Aircraft Shelter</a>. One vault can hold up to four <a href="/wiki/Nuclear_weapon" title="Nuclear weapon">nuclear weapons</a> and in the lowered position provides ballistic protection through its hardened lid and reinforced sidewalls.<sup id="cite_ref-Nuclear-Matters_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Nuclear-Matters-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The WS3 system allows storage directly underneath the aircraft intended to carry the bombs, eliminating the need to both store the weapons on the aircraft or to wait for them to be transferred from external bunkers. Very few personnel are needed to operate the unit, and the loading process can be completed in minutes with just a few <a href="/wiki/Armorer" class="mw-redirect" title="Armorer">armorers</a> and no vehicles needed. </p><p>The electronic systems include various classified sensors, along with electronic data-transmission and security equipment such as video, motion detectors, closed circuit TV and thermal imaging devices, thus making the WS3 shelters more secure against <a href="/wiki/Sabotage" title="Sabotage">sabotage</a> and infiltration compared to existing igloo-style bunkers. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Deployment">Deployment</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Deployment"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>215 WS3 vaults were built for the <a href="/wiki/United_States_Air_Forces_in_Europe" class="mw-redirect" title="United States Air Forces in Europe">United States Air Forces in Europe</a> at 13 sites in seven countries. Additionally 34 WS3 vaults were built for the <a href="/wiki/Royal_Air_Force" title="Royal Air Force">Royal Air Force</a> to store the <a href="/wiki/WE.177" title="WE.177">WE.177</a> nuclear bomb; 10 at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Br%C3%BCggen" class="mw-redirect" title="RAF Brüggen">RAF Brüggen</a> in Germany and 24 at <a href="/wiki/RAF_Marham" title="RAF Marham">RAF Marham</a> in Britain.<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Sources">Sources</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Sources"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Bechtel National Inc. (USA), Main contractor for the construction program</li> <li>Mannesmann Anlagenbau, Düsseldorf, Germany subcontractor mechanical system parts.</li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="See_also">See also</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: See also"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/List_of_established_military_terms" title="List of established military terms">List of established military terms </a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/War_reserve_stock" title="War reserve stock">War reserve stock</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Supply_depot" title="Supply depot">Supply depot</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-Nuclear-Matters-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Nuclear-Matters_1-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Nuclear-Matters_1-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFOffice_of_the_Deputy_Assistant_to_the_Secretary_of_Defense_for_Nuclear_Matters2008" class="citation cs2">Office of the Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense for Nuclear Matters (2008), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090116010239/http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nmbook/appendices/ap_C.htm"><i>Nuclear Matters: A Practical Guide - Appendix C</i></a>, Department of Defense, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nmbook/appendices/ap_C.htm">the original</a> on 2009-01-16<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-05-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Matters%3A+A+Practical+Guide+-+Appendix+C&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense&rft.date=2008&rft.au=Office+of+the+Deputy+Assistant+to+the+Secretary+of+Defense+for+Nuclear+Matters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acq.osd.mil%2Fncbdp%2Fnm%2Fnmbook%2Fappendices%2Fap_C.htm&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+Storage+and+Security+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-chronology-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-chronology_2-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-chronology_2-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFDeputy_Assistant_to_the_Secretary_of_Defense,_Nuclear_Matters" class="citation cs2">Deputy Assistant to the Secretary of Defense, Nuclear Matters, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20090109191343/http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nuclearchronology5.html"><i>Nuclear Chronology</i></a>, Department of Defense, archived from <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.acq.osd.mil/ncbdp/nm/nuclearchronology5.html">the original</a> on 2009-01-09<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2008-06-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Nuclear+Chronology&rft.pub=Department+of+Defense&rft.au=Deputy+Assistant+to+the+Secretary+of+Defense%2C+Nuclear+Matters&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.acq.osd.mil%2Fncbdp%2Fnm%2Fnuclearchronology5.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+Storage+and+Security+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite class="citation cs2"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://api.parliament.uk/historic-hansard/written-answers/1988/jun/07/weapons-storage-and-security">"Weapons Storage and Security"</a>, <i><a href="/wiki/Hansard" title="Hansard">Parliamentary Debates (Hansard)</a></i>, 7 June 1988, HC Deb vol 134 c547W<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-08-07</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Parliamentary+Debates+%28Hansard%29&rft.atitle=Weapons+Storage+and+Security&rft.date=1988-06-07&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fapi.parliament.uk%2Fhistoric-hansard%2Fwritten-answers%2F1988%2Fjun%2F07%2Fweapons-storage-and-security&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+Storage+and+Security+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-4">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFRobert_S._Norris_and_Hans_M._Kristensen2004" class="citation cs2">Robert S. Norris and <a href="/wiki/Hans_M._Kristensen" title="Hans M. Kristensen">Hans M. Kristensen</a> (November–December 2004), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://thebulletin.metapress.com/content/82558p4j65585158/fulltext.pdf"><i>U.S. nuclear weapons in Europe, 1954–2004</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2009-06-11</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+nuclear+weapons+in+Europe%2C+1954%E2%80%932004&rft.pub=Bulletin+of+the+Atomic+Scientists&rft.date=2004-11%2F2004-12&rft.au=Robert+S.+Norris+and+Hans+M.+Kristensen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fthebulletin.metapress.com%2Fcontent%2F82558p4j65585158%2Ffulltext.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+Storage+and+Security+System" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: External links"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFPaul_Sparaco2000" class="citation cs2">Paul Sparaco (3 March 2000), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://vredesactie.be/download.php?file=WS3.pdf"><i>WS3 Sustainment Program</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, U.S. Air Force<span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2010-10-09</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=WS3+Sustainment+Program&rft.pub=U.S.+Air+Force&rft.date=2000-03-03&rft.au=Paul+Sparaco&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fvredesactie.be%2Fdownload.php%3Ffile%3DWS3.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+Storage+and+Security+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222"><cite id="CITEREFHans_M._Kristensen2005" class="citation cs2">Hans M. Kristensen (February 2005), <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.nrdc.org/nuclear/euro/euro.pdf"><i>U.S. Nuclear Weapons in Europe</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>, <a href="/wiki/Natural_Resources_Defense_Council" title="Natural Resources Defense Council">Natural Resources Defense Council</a><span class="reference-accessdate">, retrieved <span class="nowrap">2006-05-23</span></span></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=U.S.+Nuclear+Weapons+in+Europe&rft.pub=Natural+Resources+Defense+Council&rft.date=2005-02&rft.au=Hans+M.+Kristensen&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.nrdc.org%2Fnuclear%2Feuro%2Feuro.pdf&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3AWeapons+Storage+and+Security+System" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.motherearth.org/nuke/info3.php">Nuclear Information: US nuclear weapons in Europe</a>, <a href="/wiki/Friends_of_the_Earth" title="Friends of the Earth">Friends of the Earth</a>, Flanders & Brussels</li> <li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://nuclear-weapons.info/images/001-HAS-storage-vault-lift.png">Image of a WS3 vault holding British WE.177 nuclear bombs</a></li></ul>    </div><noscript><img src="https://login.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:CentralAutoLogin/start?type=1x1" alt="" width="1" height="1" style="border: none; position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Retrieved from "<a dir="ltr" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&oldid=1223861075">https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Weapons_Storage_and_Security_System&oldid=1223861075</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Help:Category" title="Help:Category">Categories</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Military_logistics_of_NATO" title="Category:Military logistics of NATO">Military logistics of NATO</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:United_States_nuclear_command_and_control" title="Category:United States nuclear command and control">United States nuclear command and control</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Nuclear_weapon_safety" title="Category:Nuclear weapon safety">Nuclear weapon safety</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Hidden categories: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_with_short_description" title="Category:Articles with short description">Articles with short description</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Short_description_matches_Wikidata" title="Category:Short description matches Wikidata">Short description matches Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:Articles_needing_additional_references_from_May_2024" title="Category:Articles needing additional references from May 2024">Articles needing additional references from May 2024</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Category:All_articles_needing_additional_references" title="Category:All articles needing additional references">All articles needing additional references</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> This page was last edited on 14 May 2024, at 20:28<span class="anonymous-show"> (UTC)</span>.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Text is available under the <a href="/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_the_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_4.0_International_License" title="Wikipedia:Text of the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License">Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 License</a>; additional terms may apply. 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