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class="cdx-button cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only vector-toc-toggle"> <span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-expand"></span> <span>Toggle Legacy subsection</span> </button> <ul id="toc-Legacy-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> <li id="toc-Sarcophagus" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Sarcophagus"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.1</span> <span>Sarcophagus</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Sarcophagus-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Nectanebo_and_the_Alexander_Romance" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-2"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Nectanebo_and_the_Alexander_Romance"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5.2</span> <span>Nectanebo and the Alexander Romance</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Nectanebo_and_the_Alexander_Romance-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-References" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#References"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>References</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-References-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliography" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliography"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Bibliography</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliography-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Contents" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" title="Table of Contents" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Toggle the table of contents" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Toggle the table of contents</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Nectanebo II</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Go to an article in another language. Available in 43 languages" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-43" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">43 languages</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="Afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%8A" title="نختنبو الثاني – Arabic" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="نختنبو الثاني" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/II_Nektanebo" title="II Nektanebo – Azerbaijani" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="II Nektanebo" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1_II" title="Нектанеб II – Bulgarian" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Нектанеб II" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="Bulgarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectabeu_II" title="Nectabeu II – Catalan" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Nectabeu II" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="Catalan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nachthareheb" title="Nachthareheb – Czech" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Nachthareheb" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="Czech" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebos_II." title="Nektanebos II. – German" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Nektanebos II." data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="German" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%9D%CE%B5%CE%BA%CF%84%CE%B1%CE%BD%CE%B5%CE%B2%CF%8E_%CE%92%CE%84_%CF%84%CE%B7%CF%82_%CE%91%CE%B9%CE%B3%CF%8D%CF%80%CF%84%CE%BF%CF%85" title="Νεκτανεβώ Β΄ της Αιγύπτου – Greek" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Νεκτανεβώ Β΄ της Αιγύπτου" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="Greek" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Spanish" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="Spanish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebo_II.a" title="Nektanebo II.a – Basque" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Nektanebo II.a" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="Basque" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%DA%A9%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88%DB%8C_%D8%AF%D9%88%D9%85" title="نکتانبوی دوم – Persian" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="نکتانبوی دوم" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="Persian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectan%C3%A9bo_II" title="Nectanébo II – French" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Nectanébo II" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="French" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebo_II." title="Nektanebo II. – Croatian" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Nektanebo II." data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Indonesian" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="Indonesian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-it mw-list-item"><a href="https://it.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Italian" lang="it" hreflang="it" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Italiano" data-language-local-name="Italian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Italiano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%A0%D7%9B%D7%AA%D7%A0%D7%91%D7%95_%D7%94%D7%A9%D7%A0%D7%99" title="נכתנבו השני – Hebrew" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="נכתנבו השני" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="Hebrew" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ka mw-list-item"><a href="https://ka.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%A5%E1%83%A2%E1%83%90%E1%83%9C%E1%83%94%E1%83%91_II" title="ნექტანებ II – Georgian" lang="ka" hreflang="ka" data-title="ნექტანებ II" data-language-autonym="ქართული" data-language-local-name="Georgian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ქართული</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebos_II" title="Nectanebos II – Latin" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Nectanebos II" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="Latin" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebas_II" title="Nektanebas II – Lithuanian" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Nektanebas II" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="Lithuanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nahth%C3%B3rhebit" title="Nahthórhebit – Hungarian" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Nahthórhebit" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="Hungarian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%86%D8%AE%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A8%D9%88_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%89" title="نخت انبو التانى – Egyptian Arabic" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="نخت انبو التانى" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="Egyptian Arabic" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Dutch" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="Dutch" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E3%83%8D%E3%82%AF%E3%82%BF%E3%83%8D%E3%83%9C2%E4%B8%96" title="ネクタネボ2世 – Japanese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="ネクタネボ2世" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="Japanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebos_II" title="Nektanebos II – Norwegian Bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Nektanebos II" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="Norwegian Bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Occitan" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="Occitan" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebo_II" title="Nektanebo II – Polish" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Nektanebo II" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="Polish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Portuguese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="Portuguese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_al_II-lea" title="Nectanebo al II-lea – Romanian" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Nectanebo al II-lea" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="Romanian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1_II" title="Нектанеб II – Russian" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Нектанеб II" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="Russian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-si mw-list-item"><a href="https://si.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B6%AF%E0%B7%99%E0%B7%80%E0%B6%B1_%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%9A%E0%B7%8A%E0%B6%A7%E0%B6%B1%E0%B7%99%E0%B6%B6%E0%B7%9D" title="දෙවන නෙක්ටනෙබෝ – Sinhala" lang="si" hreflang="si" data-title="දෙවන නෙක්ටනෙබෝ" data-language-autonym="සිංහල" data-language-local-name="Sinhala" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>සිංහල</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sl mw-list-item"><a href="https://sl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektaneb_II." title="Nektaneb II. – Slovenian" lang="sl" hreflang="sl" data-title="Nektaneb II." data-language-autonym="Slovenščina" data-language-local-name="Slovenian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenščina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1_II" title="Нектанеб II – Serbian" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Нектанеб II" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="Serbian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektaneb_II" title="Nektaneb II – Serbo-Croatian" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Nektaneb II" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="Serbo-Croatian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebo_II" title="Nektanebo II – Finnish" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Nektanebo II" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="Finnish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nektanebos_II" title="Nektanebos II – Swedish" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Nektanebos II" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="Swedish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%87%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%A3%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%9F%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%AE%E0%AF%8D_%E0%AE%A8%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%95%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%A4%E0%AE%A9%E0%AF%86%E0%AE%AA%E0%AF%8B" title="இரண்டாம் நெக்தனெபோ – Tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="இரண்டாம் நெக்தனெபோ" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="Tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AB%E0%B9%8C%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%84%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B2%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%99%E0%B9%82%E0%B8%9A%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%B5%E0%B9%88_2" title="ฟาโรห์เนคทาเนโบที่ 2 – Thai" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="ฟาโรห์เนคทาเนโบที่ 2" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="Thai" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/II._Nektanebo" title="II. Nektanebo – Turkish" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="II. Nektanebo" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="Turkish" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%BA%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B1_II" title="Нектанеб II – Ukrainian" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Нектанеб II" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="Ukrainian" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_II" title="Nectanebo II – Vietnamese" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Nectanebo II" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="Vietnamese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-yo mw-list-item"><a href="https://yo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nectanebo_2k" title="Nectanebo 2k – Yoruba" lang="yo" 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.navbar{font-size:100%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme)>div:not(.notheme)[style]{background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .infobox-full-data:not(.notheme) div:not(.notheme){background:#1f1f23!important;color:#f8f9fa}}@media(min-width:640px){body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table{display:table!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>caption{display:table-caption!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table>tbody{display:table-row-group}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table tr{display:table-row!important}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table th,body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .infobox-table td{padding-left:inherit;padding-right:inherit}}</style><table class="infobox vcard nowraplinks"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above fn skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87;font-size:125%;">Nectanebo II</th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-subheader nickname">Nakhthorheb</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image photo"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg" class="mw-file-description" title="Head of Nectanebo II, Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon"><img alt="Head of Nectanebo II, Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg/220px-Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="220" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg/330px-Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c2/Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg/440px-Head_of_Nectanebo_II-MBA_Lyon_H1701-IMG_0204.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4000" data-file-height="4000" /></a></span><div class="infobox-caption">Head of Nectanebo II, <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts_of_Lyon" title="Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon">Museum of Fine Arts of Lyon</a></div></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em"><a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">Pharaoh</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em"><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_chronology" title="Egyptian chronology">Reign</a></th><td class="infobox-data">358–c.340 BC<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010199–201_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010199–201-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTENawotka201737–38_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTENawotka201737–38-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPascual201342_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEPascual201342-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Predecessor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Successor</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1214851843">.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{box-sizing:border-box;width:100%;padding:5px;border:none;font-size:95%}.mw-parser-output .hidden-title{font-weight:bold;line-height:1.6;text-align:left}.mw-parser-output .hidden-content{text-align:left}@media all and (max-width:500px){.mw-parser-output .hidden-begin{width:auto!important;clear:none!important;float:none!important}}</style><div class="hidden-begin mw-collapsible mw-collapsible-leftside-toggle mw-collapsed" style="width:100%;margin:0;border:0;padding:0;"><div class="hidden-title skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="text-align:center; background:#decd87; line-height:normal; padding:0.2em; display:block;margin-bottom:0.3em;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Royal titulary</a></div><div class="hidden-content mw-collapsible-content" style="border-bottom:2px solid #decd87;"> <link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1257001546" /><table class="infobox-subbox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Horus_name" title="Horus name">Horus name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><i>Mrj-tꜣwj</i><br /><i>Merytawy</i><br />Beloved by the <a href="/wiki/Two_Lands" class="mw-redirect" title="Two Lands">Two Lands</a></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:4px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G5.png?bcb90" height="38" title="G5" alt="G5" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="48px" width="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="46" style="padding:0 5px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U6.png?4f117" height="25" title="U6" alt="U6" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N19.png?108ee" height="14" title="N19" alt="N19" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/50px-Srxtail2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="50" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/75px-Srxtail2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/7a/Srxtail2.svg/100px-Srxtail2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="50" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Nebty_name" title="Nebty name">Nebty name</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><i>Shrw-jb-nṯrw</i> <br /> One who contents the Heart of Gods</td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:4px 10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G16.png?dbf15" height="38" title="G16" alt="G16" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O4.png?2d920" height="18" title="O4 [h]" alt="h" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D21.png?9bfb9" height="11" title="D21 [r]" alt="r" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F34.png?6be6f" height="17" title="F34" alt="F34" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_R8.png?c3d74" height="38" title="R8" alt="R8" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G43.png?6eb40" height="38" title="G43" alt="G43" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_royal_titulary#Horus_of_Gold" title="Ancient Egyptian royal titulary">Golden Horus</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><i>Smn-hpw</i> <br /> Creator of Laws</td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table> <tbody><tr> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:4px 10px;"> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td style="padding-right:6px;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G8.png?a8843" height="38" title="G8" alt="G8" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y5.png?381eb" height="13" title="Y5 [mn]" alt="mn" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35" alt="N35" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O4.png?2d920" height="18" title="O4 [h]" alt="h" /> <img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Q3.png?42130" height="15" title="Q3 [p]" alt="p" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Y1.png?22c01" height="10" title="Y1" alt="Y1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z7.png?fc6fb" height="17" title="Z7" alt="Z7" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z2.png?805ea" height="11" title="Z2" alt="Z2" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Prenomen_(Ancient_Egypt)" title="Prenomen (Ancient Egypt)">Praenomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><i>Snedjemibre Setepenanhur</i><br />Pleasing to the Heart is <a href="/wiki/Ra" title="Ra">Ra</a>, chosen of <a href="/wiki/Onuris" class="mw-redirect" title="Onuris">Onuris</a></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M23.png?e2674" height="38" title="M23" alt="M23" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_L2.png?ff0ae" height="38" title="L2" alt="L2" /></td></tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert mw-mirrored" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C1.png?d3306" height="38" title="C1" alt="C1" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C9.png?78bc8" height="38" title="C9" alt="C9" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_S29.png?58979" height="38" title="S29 [s]" alt="s" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_M29.png?0171d" height="38" title="M29 [nDm]" alt="nDm" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_F34.png?6be6f" height="17" title="F34 [ib]" alt="ib" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_Z1.png?4dc06" height="16" title="Z1" alt="Z1" /></td> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U21.png?9f20b" height="22" title="U21" alt="U21" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N35.png?fcc27" height="5" title="N35 [n]" alt="n" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header skin-nightmode-reset-color" style="background:#e9deaf;"><a href="/wiki/Nomen_(ancient_Egypt)" title="Nomen (ancient Egypt)">Nomen</a></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><table width="100%"> <tbody><tr><td><i>Nḫt Ḥr n ḥbt mrj Ḥtḥr</i> <br /> <i>Nakhthor(en)hebit Meryhathor</i> <br />Strong is <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Hebit" class="mw-redirect" title="Hebit">Hebit</a>, the beloved of <a href="/wiki/Hathor" title="Hathor">Hathor</a></td></tr><tr><td class="center"> <table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" align="{{{align}}}" style="padding:5px;"> <tbody><tr> <td> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G39.png?eb053" height="38" title="G39" alt="G39" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_N5.png?08eb7" height="18" title="N5" alt="N5" /><br /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table> </td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;padding:5px;"></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" align="center"> <tbody><tr> <td> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/17px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png" decoding="async" width="17" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/26px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/22/Hiero_Ca1.svg/34px-Hiero_Ca1.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="17" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> <td> <table border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0"> <tbody><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr><tr> <td height="45" style="padding:0;"> <table class="mw-hiero-table mw-hiero-outer" dir="ltr"><tbody><tr><td> <table class="mw-hiero-table"><tbody><tr> <td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_C9.png?78bc8" height="38" title="C9" alt="C9" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_U6.png?4f117" height="37" title="U6 [mr]" alt="mr" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_D40.png?462ae" height="12" title="D40" alt="D40" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_G5.png?bcb90" height="38" title="G5" alt="G5" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_W4.png?99acf" height="38" title="W4" alt="W4" /></td><td><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_X1.png?f2a8c" height="11" title="X1 [t]" alt="t" /><br /><img class="skin-invert" style="margin: 1px;" src="/w/extensions/wikihiero/img/hiero_O49.png?dd778" height="18" title="O49" alt="O49" /></td> </tr></tbody></table> </td></tr></tbody></table></td> </tr><tr> <td height="2px" style="background-color:black; color:inherit;"></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> <td></td> <td style="text-align:center;text-valign:middle;"> <span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span><img alt="" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/21px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png" decoding="async" width="21" height="50" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/32px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/45/Hiero_Ca2.svg/42px-Hiero_Ca2.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="21" data-file-height="50" /></span></span></td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> </td></tr> </tbody></table></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Father</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Tjahapimu" title="Tjahapimu">Tjahapimu</a></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Born</th><td class="infobox-data">c. 380 BC<sup id="cite_ref-Dictionary_of_African_Biography_5-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dictionary_of_African_Biography-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Died</th><td class="infobox-data">After 340 BC</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.65em">Dynasty</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty</a></td></tr></tbody></table> <p><b>Nectanebo II</b> (<a href="/wiki/Egyptian_language" title="Egyptian language">Egyptian</a>: <span title="Ancient Egyptian-language text"><i lang="egy"><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%E1%B8%ABt" class="extiw" title="wikt:nḫt">Nḫt</a>-Ḥr-Ḥbt</i></span>; <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Greek_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Greek language">Ancient Greek</a>: <span lang="grc">Νεκτανεβώς</span> <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language romanization"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nectanebos</i></span>) was the last native ruler of <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egypt" title="Ancient Egypt">ancient Egypt</a>, as well as the third and last <a href="/wiki/Pharaoh" title="Pharaoh">pharaoh</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">Thirtieth Dynasty</a>, reigning from 358 to c.340 BC. </p><p>During the reign of Nectanebo II, Egyptian artists developed a specific style that left a distinctive mark on the <a href="/wiki/Relief" title="Relief">reliefs</a> of the <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173_6-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Like his indirect predecessor <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a>, Nectanebo II showed enthusiasm for many of the <a href="/wiki/Cult_(religious_practice)" title="Cult (religious practice)">cults</a> of the gods within <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Egyptian_religion" title="Ancient Egyptian religion">ancient Egyptian religion</a>, and more than a hundred Egyptian sites bear evidence of his attention.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For several years, Nectanebo II was successful in keeping Egypt safe from the <a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_Empire" title="Achaemenid Empire">Achaemenid Empire</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, he was betrayed by his former servant, <a href="/wiki/Mentor_of_Rhodes" title="Mentor of Rhodes">Mentor of Rhodes</a>, and ultimately defeated. The Persians occupied <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a> and then seized the rest of Egypt, incorporating the country into the Achaemenid Empire under <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a>. Nectanebo fled south.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> His subsequent fate is unknown. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Name">Name</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section: Name"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p><i>Nectanebo</i> is derived from the Greek form of his name, <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nectanebos</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Νεκτανεβώς</span></span>, or <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Νεκτανεβός</span></span> in later sources). His Egyptian name was <i><a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/n%E1%B8%ABt" class="extiw" title="wikt:nḫt">Nḫt</a>-Ḥr-Ḥbt</i>,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010194_10-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010194-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> which means "victorious is <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a> of <a href="/wiki/Behbeit_el-Hagar" class="mw-redirect" title="Behbeit el-Hagar">Hebyt</a>".<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Although convention in English assigns identical names to him and his grandfather, <a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a>, the latter was in fact called <span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><i lang="grc-Latn">Nectanebis</i></span> (<span title="Ancient Greek (to 1453)-language text"><span lang="grc">Νεκτάνεβις</span></span>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010193–194_12-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010193–194-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Medieval Arab authors referred to him as <i>Naqatanibas</i> (<a href="/wiki/Arabic_language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arabic language">Arabic</a>: <span lang="ar" dir="rtl">ناقاطانيباس</span>).<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Rise_to_power">Rise to power</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section: Rise to power"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg/220px-Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="202" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg/330px-Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/15/Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg/440px-Isis_and_Nectanebo_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="550" /></a><figcaption>Isis and Nectanebo II</figcaption></figure> <p>In 525 BC, Egypt was conquered by the Achaemenid Empire. Because of internal struggles for the Persian imperial succession, Egypt managed to regain independence in 404 BC. In 389 BC, Pharaoh <a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a> negotiated a treaty with <a href="/wiki/Classical_Athens" title="Classical Athens">Athens</a> and for three years (from 385 to 383 BC) managed to withstand Persian aggression.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, following the conclusion of the <a href="/wiki/Peace_of_Antalcidas" title="Peace of Antalcidas">Peace of Antalcidas</a> in 387 BC between the Achaemenids and the <a href="/wiki/Polis" title="Polis">Greek city-states</a>, Egypt and <a href="/wiki/Cyprus" title="Cyprus">Cyprus</a> became the only obstacles to Persian hegemony in the Mediterranean. </p><p>At the beginning of 360 BC, Nectanebo's predecessor, <a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a>, started preparations for war against intruders. In the same year, the Egyptian army set off, traveling along the coast by land and sea. Nectanebo II accompanied his uncle Teos in that campaign and was in charge of the <i><a href="/wiki/Machimoi" title="Machimoi">machimoi</a></i>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In an attempt to quickly raise finances for the war, Teos imposed taxes on Egyptians and seized temple property.<sup id="cite_ref-EBE_16-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-EBE-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Egyptians, particularly the priests, resented these measures but supported Nectanebo II. Teos asked <a href="/wiki/Sparta" title="Sparta">Spartan</a> military leader <a href="/wiki/Agesilaus" class="mw-redirect" title="Agesilaus">Agesilaus</a> and Athenian general <a href="/wiki/Chabrias" title="Chabrias">Chabrias</a> to support him.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agesilaus, however, said he was sent to aid Egypt and not to wage war against it.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Chabrias returned home with his mercenaries.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Teos decided to flee to the Achaemenid court, where he ultimately died of natural causes. </p><p>Nectanebo contended with an unnamed pretender to the throne from the town of <a href="/wiki/Mendes" title="Mendes">Mendes</a>, who proclaimed himself pharaoh.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The revolt was probably led by one of the descendants of <a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a>, whose family had ruled the town before.<sup id="cite_ref-Sharpe2_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Sharpe2-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The claimant sent messengers to Agesilaus in an attempt to persuade Agesilaus to his side.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Agesilaus remained loyal to Nectanebo, fearing to become a turncoat. At one of the towns in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>, the troops of Nectanebo and Agesilaus were besieged by the usurper, who had gained many sympathisers. Despite the enemy's numerical superiority, Nectanebo and Agesilaus were victorious and the revolt was put down in the fall of 360 BC.<sup id="cite_ref-Grimal_19-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Reign">Reign</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section: Reign"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg/330px-Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg" decoding="async" width="330" height="167" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg/495px-Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/17/Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg/660px-Gold_Stater_of_Pharaoh_Nektanebo_II.jpg 2x" data-file-width="800" data-file-height="405" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Egyptian_gold_stater" title="Egyptian gold stater">Egyptian gold stater</a> of Nectanebo II. The design on the reverse consists of <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a> meaning "good gold": pectoral necklace (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nbw#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wikt:nbw"><i>nebu</i></a>, "gold") crossing horizontally over a windpipe and heart (<a href="https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nfr#Egyptian" class="extiw" title="wikt:nfr"><i>nefer</i></a>, "good").<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-21" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></figcaption></figure> <p>Religion played an important part in Nectanebo's domestic policy. He began his reign by officiating over the funeral of an <a href="/wiki/Apis_(deity)" title="Apis (deity)">Apis bull</a> in <a href="/wiki/Memphis,_Egypt" title="Memphis, Egypt">Memphis</a>. There, Nectanebo added a relief decoration to the eastern and western <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_temple" title="Egyptian temple">temples</a> of Apis.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171_22-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Among notable sanctuaries erected under Nectanebo II are a temple of <a href="/wiki/Khnum" title="Khnum">Khnum</a> in <a href="/wiki/Elephantine" title="Elephantine">Abu</a> and a temple of <a href="/wiki/Amun" title="Amun">Amun</a> at <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Sekhtam</a>. He also dedicated a <a href="/wiki/Diorite" title="Diorite">diorite</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Cella" title="Cella">naos</a></i> to <a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Anhur-Shu</a> (a fragment of it was found in the temples of <a href="/wiki/Sebennytos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebennytos">Tjebnutjer</a>).<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173_6-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nectanebo II was responsible for the increasing popularity of the <a href="/wiki/Buchis" title="Buchis">Buchis</a> cult.<sup id="cite_ref-Grimal_19-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Grimal-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Under Nectanebo II a decree forbidding stone quarrying in the so-called "Mysterious Mountains" in <a href="/wiki/Abydos,_Egypt" title="Abydos, Egypt">Abydos</a> was issued.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p> Foreign affairs under Nectanebo II were thwarted by repeated Achaemenid attempts to reconquer Egypt. Before the accession of Nectanebo II to the throne, the Persians attempted to reclaim Egypt in 385, 383, and 373 BC. Nectanebo used the peace to build up a new army and employed Greek mercenaries, which was a common practice at the time. In about 351 BC, the Achaemenid Empire embarked on a new attempt to reclaim Egypt. After a year of fighting, Nectanebo and his allied generals, <a href="/w/index.php?title=Diophantus_of_Athens&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Diophantus of Athens (page does not exist)">Diophantus of Athens</a><span class="noprint" style="font-size:85%; font-style: normal;"> [<a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diofant_d%27Atenes" class="extiw" title="ca:Diofant d'Atenes">ca</a>]</span> and <a href="/w/index.php?title=Lamius_of_Sparta&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Lamius of Sparta (page does not exist)">Lamius of Sparta</a>, managed to defeat the Achaemenids. Having scored a resounding victory, Nectanebo II was acclaimed "Nectanebo the divine falcon" by his people, and cults were set up in his name.<sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p><figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif/lossy-page1-110px-Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif.jpg" decoding="async" width="110" height="269" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif/lossy-page1-165px-Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/3/34/Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif/lossy-page1-220px-Ushabti_del_faraone_Nectanebo_II_1_F1231_C2509.tif.jpg 2x" data-file-width="922" data-file-height="2256" /></a><figcaption><a href="/wiki/Ushabti" title="Ushabti">Ushabti</a> of Nectanebo II, <a href="/wiki/Egyptian_faience" title="Egyptian faience">Egyptian faience</a>. <a href="/wiki/Museo_Egizio" title="Museo Egizio">Museo Egizio</a>, Turin</figcaption></figure><p>In 345/44 BC, Nectanebo supported the <a href="/wiki/Phoenicia" title="Phoenicia">Phoenician</a> rebellion against the Achaemenid Empire, led by the king of <a href="/wiki/Sidon" title="Sidon">Sidon</a>, Tennes,<sup id="cite_ref-Brosius_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Brosius-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and dispatched military aid in the form of 4,000 Greek mercenaries, led by Mentor of Rhodes.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, having heard of the approach of the forces of <a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a>, Mentor opened communication with the Persians in collusion with Tennes.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the end of 344 BC, ambassadors of Artaxerxes III arrived in Greece, asking for the Greeks' participation in a campaign against Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev2_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Athens and Sparta treated the ambassadors with courtesy, but refrained from committing to an alliance against Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev2_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other cities, however, decided to support the Persians: <a href="/wiki/Thebes,_Greece" title="Thebes, Greece">Thebes</a> sent 1,000 <a href="/wiki/Hoplite" title="Hoplite">hoplites</a> and <a href="/wiki/Ancient_Argos" class="mw-redirect" title="Ancient Argos">Argos</a> 3,000.<sup id="cite_ref-Dandamaev2_27-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Dandamaev2-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the winter of 343 BC, Artaxerxes set off for Egypt. The Egyptian army, headed by Nectanebo, consisted of 60,000 Egyptians, 20,000 <a href="/wiki/Libu" title="Libu">Libu</a>, and as many Greek mercenaries.<sup id="cite_ref-28" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In addition, Nectanebo had a number of flat-bottomed boats intended to prevent an enemy from entering the Nile mouths.<sup id="cite_ref-Maspero_29-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maspero-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The vulnerable points along his Mediterranean sea border and east boundary were protected by strongholds, fortifications and entrenched camps.<sup id="cite_ref-Maspero_29-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Maspero-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Persian forces were strengthened by Mentor and his men, well acquainted with the eastern border of Egypt, and by 6,000 <a href="/wiki/Ionians" title="Ionians">Ionians</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Hall_26-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Hall-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>Nectanebo II was ultimately defeated and, in the summer of 342 BC, Artaxerxes entered Memphis<sup id="cite_ref-30" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and installed a <a href="/wiki/Satrap" title="Satrap">satrap</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-31" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nectanebo fled to <a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper Egypt</a> and finally to <a href="/wiki/Nubia" title="Nubia">Nubia</a>, where he was granted asylum. He, however, preserved a degree of power there for some time. With the help of <a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a>, Nectanebo made a vain attempt to regain the throne.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000177_32-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000177-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II,_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo,_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/170px-The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="255" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/255px-The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b4/The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg/340px-The_black_siltstone_obelisk_of_Pharaoh_Nectanebo_II%2C_c.350_BCE._From_Cairo%2C_Egypt._British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4016" data-file-height="6016" /></a><figcaption>Black <a href="/wiki/Siltstone" title="Siltstone">siltstone</a> <a href="/wiki/Obelisk" title="Obelisk">obelisk</a> of Pharaoh Nectanebo II. According to the vertical inscriptions he set up this obelisk at the doorway of the <a href="/wiki/Sanctuary" title="Sanctuary">sanctuary</a> of <a href="/wiki/Thoth" title="Thoth">Thoth</a>, the Twice-Great, Lord of <a href="/wiki/Hermopolis" title="Hermopolis">Hermopolis</a>. Today, it is located in the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>, <a href="/wiki/London" title="London">London</a>.</figcaption></figure> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Archaeological_evidence">Archaeological evidence</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section: Archaeological evidence"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Building_campaigns">Building campaigns</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section: Building campaigns"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Though placed in an unfortunate period of Egyptian history, and with his legacy perhaps marred by being the last pharaoh to rule an independent Egypt, Nectanebo was an extensive builder, likely on a scale that would equal many kings of the glory days of the <a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170_33-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> References to either Nectanebo II or his grandfather have been found almost ubiquitously at the premier religious centres, and the piety of the two kings matched those of the great kings of the past, attested to by the numerous monuments across Egypt bearing their names.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171_22-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Nectanebo II, specifically, built and improved temples across the country, and he donated extensively to the priesthoods of the plethora of sites which he donated to. Nectanebo's name has been found at <a href="/wiki/Heliopolis_(ancient_Egypt)" title="Heliopolis (ancient Egypt)">Heliopolis</a>, <a href="/wiki/Athribis" title="Athribis">Athribis</a>, and <a href="/wiki/Bubastis" title="Bubastis">Bubastis</a> in the <a href="/wiki/Nile_Delta" title="Nile Delta">Nile Delta</a>, among other places, but he built most extensively at Sebennytos,<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000172_34-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000172-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> including the modern site of <a href="/wiki/Behbeit_El_Hagar" title="Behbeit El Hagar">Behbeit El Hagar</a>. The reliefs of the temples at Sebennytos would leave a distinct mark on the art of the later <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic Kingdom</a>. The religious focus of his building campaigns, however, may not be solely due to sheer piety; because Nectanebo was an usurper, he likely sought to legitimise his rule over Egypt religiously.<sup id="cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170_33-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Portraits">Portraits</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section: Portraits"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg/170px-God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg/255px-God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/f5/God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg/340px-God_Horus_Protecting_King_Nectanebo_II_MET_DT559.jpg 2x" data-file-width="2978" data-file-height="3722" /></a><figcaption>The <a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">greywacke</a> statue of Horus protecting Nectanebo II</figcaption></figure> <p>Except for the small-scale <a href="/wiki/Greywacke" title="Greywacke">greywacke</a> statue in the <a href="/wiki/Metropolitan_Museum_of_Art" title="Metropolitan Museum of Art">Metropolitan Museum of Art</a>, which shows Nectanebo II standing before the image of <a href="/wiki/Horus" title="Horus">Horus</a>, no other annotated portraits of Nectanebo II are known.<sup id="cite_ref-Christies_35-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christies-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In the greywacke statue, Nectanebo II is shown in a <i><a href="/wiki/Nemes" title="Nemes">nemes</a></i> and <i><a href="/wiki/Uraeus" title="Uraeus">uraeus</a>.</i> His bent arm with the sword stands for the hieroglyph <i>nakht</i>, the falcon represents Horus, while the hieroglyph in Nectanebo's right hand stands for <i>heb</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-36" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Other portraits attributed to Nectanebo II (all featuring the <i><a href="/wiki/Khepresh" title="Khepresh">khepresh</a></i>) include a <a href="/wiki/Quartzite" title="Quartzite">quartzite</a> head in the museum of the <a href="/wiki/University_of_Pennsylvania_Museum_of_Archaeology_and_Anthropology" class="mw-redirect" title="University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology">University of Pennsylvania Museum of Archaeology and Anthropology</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Basalt" title="Basalt">basalt</a> head in <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>, a <a href="/wiki/Granite" title="Granite">granite</a> head acquired by the <a href="/wiki/Museum_of_Fine_Arts,_Boston" title="Museum of Fine Arts, Boston">Museum of Fine Arts, Boston</a> and a damaged quartzite head.<sup id="cite_ref-Christies_35-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Christies-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Legacy">Legacy</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section: Legacy"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Sarcophagus">Sarcophagus</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=8" title="Edit section: Sarcophagus"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Saqqara,_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_(never_used),_British_Museum.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Saqqara%2C_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_%28never_used%29%2C_British_Museum.jpg/220px-Saqqara%2C_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_%28never_used%29%2C_British_Museum.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="145" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Saqqara%2C_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_%28never_used%29%2C_British_Museum.jpg/330px-Saqqara%2C_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_%28never_used%29%2C_British_Museum.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/8/82/Saqqara%2C_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_%28never_used%29%2C_British_Museum.jpg/440px-Saqqara%2C_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_%28never_used%29%2C_British_Museum.jpg 2x" data-file-width="700" data-file-height="461" /></a><figcaption>Sarcophagus of Nectanebo II, taken by Napoleon at Alexandria and soon turned over to the British army</figcaption></figure> <p>In 1798, <a href="/wiki/Napoleon" title="Napoleon">Napoleon</a> captured the Egyptian city of <a href="/wiki/Alexandria" title="Alexandria">Alexandria</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Soon after, following the <a href="/wiki/Siege_of_Alexandria_(1801)" title="Siege of Alexandria (1801)">Battle of Alexandria</a> in 1801, Napoleon's forces surrendered to the British, and conditionally turned over antiquities they had gathered from the ancient city. Notably, among these was the <a href="/wiki/Rosetta_Stone" title="Rosetta Stone">Rosetta Stone</a>, as well as a seven ton sarcophagus, covered in hieroglyphics. Soon after the British secured these, they were approached by locals who believed that this was the tomb of <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Chugg-2002_38-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chugg-2002-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Thereafter, the sarcophagus was taken to London, where it still resides at the <a href="/wiki/British_Museum" title="British Museum">British Museum</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-britishmuseum.org_39-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britishmuseum.org-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>For a time, the sarcophagus was believed to have belonged to Alexander. However, after the translation of the Rosetta Stone, the writings on the sarcophagus were deciphered, and it became clear the tomb was not fashioned for him. The hieroglyphics on the tomb were sections from the <a href="/wiki/Amduat" title="Amduat">Book of What is in the Underworld</a>, and contained the <a href="/wiki/Cartouche" title="Cartouche">cartouche</a> of Nectanebo II.<sup id="cite_ref-Chugg-2002_38-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chugg-2002-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The tomb was likely created for Nectanebo, before going unused as he was overthrown and fled to Nubia.<sup id="cite_ref-40" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque,_30th_Dynasty,_c._345_BC_(35701905434).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque%2C_30th_Dynasty%2C_c._345_BC_%2835701905434%29.jpg/220px-Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque%2C_30th_Dynasty%2C_c._345_BC_%2835701905434%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="147" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque%2C_30th_Dynasty%2C_c._345_BC_%2835701905434%29.jpg/330px-Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque%2C_30th_Dynasty%2C_c._345_BC_%2835701905434%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/b/b9/Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque%2C_30th_Dynasty%2C_c._345_BC_%2835701905434%29.jpg/440px-Egyptian_Conglomerate_Sarcophagus_of_Nectanebo_II_Later_Used_as_Ritual_Bath_in_Attarin_Mosque%2C_30th_Dynasty%2C_c._345_BC_%2835701905434%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="5184" data-file-height="3456" /></a><figcaption>Sarcophagus of Nectanabo II. Seen at the bottom are the holes drilled for draining water.</figcaption></figure> <p>It has been argued that the sarcophagus did indeed house the remains of Alexander the Great. Alexander the Great's body was temporarily entombed in Memphis following his death in 323 BC, and <a href="/wiki/Saqqara" title="Saqqara">Saqqara</a> is a suspected location of his temporary Memphite tomb. Nectanebo had erected a temple there, where he may have intended to be laid to rest. It is possible the tomb was vacant in Memphis at the same time Alexander's body was placed there. When Alexander's remains were moved to Alexandria in 280 BC, it may have been moved along with the sarcophagus.<sup id="cite_ref-Chugg-2002_38-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Chugg-2002-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In an article in the Egyptology journal <i><a href="/wiki/Kmt_(magazine)" title="Kmt (magazine)">Kmt</a></i> (fall 2020), Andrew Chugg showed that a 3rd century BC fragment of a high status Macedonian tomb found embedded in the foundations of <a href="/wiki/St_Mark%27s_Basilica" title="St Mark's Basilica">St Mark's Basilica in Venice</a> in 1960 (which was believed to have been brought over from Alexandria along with the relics of St. Mark in 828 AD) is an exact fit as part of a tomb-casing for the sarcophagus, sparking renewed claims that the sarcophagus once held Alexander's remains.<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>At the <a href="/wiki/Attarine_Mosque" title="Attarine Mosque">Attarine Mosque</a>, where it was found by Napoleon's men, holes had been drilled in the sarcophagus. It had been used as a ritual bath when Alexandria was under Islamic rule.<sup id="cite_ref-britishmuseum.org_39-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-britishmuseum.org-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading3"><h3 id="Nectanebo_and_the_Alexander_Romance">Nectanebo and the Alexander Romance</h3><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=9" title="Edit section: Nectanebo and the Alexander Romance"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1236090951">.mw-parser-output .hatnote{font-style:italic}.mw-parser-output div.hatnote{padding-left:1.6em;margin-bottom:0.5em}.mw-parser-output .hatnote i{font-style:normal}.mw-parser-output .hatnote+link+.hatnote{margin-top:-0.5em}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .hatnote{display:none!important}}</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></div> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/220px-Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="100" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/330px-Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/01/Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg/440px-Droom_van_Nectanebo_-_Google_Art_Project.jpg 2x" data-file-width="4409" data-file-height="2010" /></a><figcaption>Papyrus of the Dream of Nectanebo, c. 160–150 BC</figcaption></figure> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-left" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg/170px-Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg" decoding="async" width="170" height="315" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg/255px-Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a6/Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg/340px-Sola_Busca_tarot_card_33.jpg 2x" data-file-width="474" data-file-height="877" /></a><figcaption>Natanabo, from Sola Busca Tarot (Northern Italy, c. 1491, Pinacoteca di Brera, Milan)</figcaption></figure> <p>There is an apocryphal tale appearing in the pseudo-historical <i><a href="/wiki/Alexander_Romance" title="Alexander Romance">Alexander Romance</a></i> that details another end for the last native pharaoh. Soon after <a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a>'s godhood was confirmed by the <a href="/wiki/Libyan_Sibyl" title="Libyan Sibyl">Libyan Sibyl</a> of <a href="/wiki/Amun#Greece" title="Amun">Zeus Ammon</a> at the <a href="/wiki/Siwa_Oasis" title="Siwa Oasis">Siwa Oasis</a>, a rumor was begun that Nectanebo II, following defeat in his last battle, did not travel to Nubia but instead to the court of <a href="/wiki/Philip_II_of_Macedon" title="Philip II of Macedon">Philip II of Macedon</a> in the guise of an Egyptian <a href="/wiki/Magician_(paranormal)" class="mw-redirect" title="Magician (paranormal)">magician</a>. There, while Philip was away on campaign, Nectanebo convinced Philip's wife <a href="/wiki/Olympias" title="Olympias">Olympias</a> that Amun was to come to her and that they would father a son. Nectanebo, disguising himself as Amun, slept with Olympias and from this event came Alexander.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>This myth would hold strong appeal for the Egyptians, who desired continuity and harbored a strong dislike for foreign rule. In art of this event, Nectanebo is usually depicted as having dragon-like features, for example in the <a href="/wiki/Vincent_of_Beauvais#Speculum_Historiale" title="Vincent of Beauvais"><i>Speculum Historiale</i></a>.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p><p>In the early <a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_Kingdom" title="Ptolemaic Kingdom">Ptolemaic</a> tale of Nectanebo and Petesis,<sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> preserved only in a Greek fragment from the <a href="/wiki/Serapeum_of_Saqqara" title="Serapeum of Saqqara">Serapeum of Saqqara</a>, the pharaoh has a prophetic dream of <a href="/wiki/Isis" title="Isis">Isis</a> in which the god <a href="/wiki/Anhur" title="Anhur">Onuris</a> is angry with him because of his unfinished temple in <a href="/wiki/Sebennytos" class="mw-redirect" title="Sebennytos">Sebennytos</a>. Nectanebo calls in the best sculptor of the realm, Petesis, to finish the job, but he bungles his assignment when he gets drunk and chases a beautiful girl instead. The <a href="/wiki/Narrative" title="Narrative">narrative</a> ends abruptly here, but this is probably the preface to the fall of Egypt.<sup id="cite_ref-45" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-45"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>45<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> <a href="/wiki/Al-Biruni" title="Al-Biruni">Al-Biruni</a>'s <i>A History of India</i> reproduces the story.<sup id="cite_ref-46" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-46"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>46<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <figure class="mw-default-size mw-halign-right" typeof="mw:File/Thumb"><a href="/wiki/File:Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_(detail).jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_%28detail%29.jpg/350px-Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_%28detail%29.jpg" decoding="async" width="350" height="212" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_%28detail%29.jpg/525px-Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_%28detail%29.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/28/Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_%28detail%29.jpg/700px-Alexander_unhorsing_Porrus_-_British_Library_Royal_MS_20_B_xx_f53r_%28detail%29.jpg 2x" data-file-width="729" data-file-height="441" /></a><figcaption>Alexander unhorsing Porrus, the King of India (BL Royal MS B xx, c. 1420)</figcaption></figure> <p>The legend of Nectanebo (or Nectanebus, or Natanabo, as reported in some versions of the <i>Alexander Romance</i>) left a profound mark on European culture up to the Renaissance and beyond. It is no coincidence that this character is included in the <a href="/wiki/Sola_Busca_tarot" title="Sola Busca tarot">Sola Busca tarot</a> (with the name Natanabo) together with other important "actors" of the same legend: Alexander, Philip of Macedon, Olympias and Ammon.<sup id="cite_ref-47" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-47"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>47<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> An alchemical interpretation of this character was provided by the Italian scholar Sofia Di Vincenzo in a study on the Sola Busca Tarot, where she explains that Natanabo represents a celestial messenger who came to earth with a gift, the helmet, which is a symbol of invulnerability and both physical and mental potency.<sup id="cite_ref-48" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-48"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>48<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=10" title="Edit section: References"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1239543626">.mw-parser-output .reflist{margin-bottom:0.5em;list-style-type:decimal}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .reflist{font-size:90%}}.mw-parser-output .reflist .references{font-size:100%;margin-bottom:0;list-style-type:inherit}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-2{column-width:30em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns-3{column-width:25em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns{margin-top:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns ol{margin-top:0}.mw-parser-output .reflist-columns li{page-break-inside:avoid;break-inside:avoid-column}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-alpha{list-style-type:upper-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-upper-roman{list-style-type:upper-roman}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-alpha{list-style-type:lower-alpha}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-greek{list-style-type:lower-greek}.mw-parser-output .reflist-lower-roman{list-style-type:lower-roman}</style><div class="reflist"> <div class="mw-references-wrap mw-references-columns"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTELloyd1994358_1-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFLloyd1994">Lloyd 1994</a>, p. 358.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010199–201-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010199–201_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepuydt2010">Depuydt 2010</a>, pp. 199–201.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTENawotka201737–38-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTENawotka201737–38_3-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFNawotka2017">Nawotka 2017</a>, pp. 37–38.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEPascual201342-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEPascual201342_4-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFPascual2013">Pascual 2013</a>, p. 42.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dictionary_of_African_Biography-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Dictionary_of_African_Biography_5-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1238218222">.mw-parser-output cite.citation{font-style:inherit;word-wrap:break-word}.mw-parser-output .citation q{quotes:"\"""\"""'""'"}.mw-parser-output .citation:target{background-color:rgba(0,127,255,0.133)}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-free.id-lock-free a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/65/Lock-green.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited.id-lock-limited a,.mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration.id-lock-registration a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d6/Lock-gray-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription.id-lock-subscription a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/aa/Lock-red-alt-2.svg")right 0.1em center/9px no-repeat}.mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background:url("//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/4/4c/Wikisource-logo.svg")right 0.1em center/12px no-repeat}body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-free a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-limited a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-registration a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .id-lock-subscription a,body:not(.skin-timeless):not(.skin-minerva) .mw-parser-output .cs1-ws-icon a{background-size:contain;padding:0 1em 0 0}.mw-parser-output .cs1-code{color:inherit;background:inherit;border:none;padding:inherit}.mw-parser-output .cs1-hidden-error{display:none;color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-visible-error{color:var(--color-error,#d33)}.mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{display:none;color:#085;margin-left:0.3em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-left{padding-left:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .cs1-kern-right{padding-right:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .citation .mw-selflink{font-weight:inherit}@media screen{.mw-parser-output .cs1-format{font-size:95%}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .cs1-maint{color:#18911f}}</style><cite id="CITEREFAkyeampongGates2012" class="citation book cs1">Akyeampong, Emmanuel K.; Gates, Henry Louis Jr. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=39JMAgAAQBAJ&pg=RA3-PA431"><i>Dictionary of African Biographies</i></a>. Oxford University Press. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780195382075" title="Special:BookSources/9780195382075"><bdi>9780195382075</bdi></a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">17 December</span> 2017</span> – via Google Books.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Dictionary+of+African+Biographies&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=9780195382075&rft.aulast=Akyeampong&rft.aufirst=Emmanuel+K.&rft.au=Gates%2C+Henry+Louis+Jr.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3D39JMAgAAQBAJ%26pg%3DRA3-PA431&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173_6-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000173_6-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyśliwiec2000">Myśliwiec 2000</a>, p. 173.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-7">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimalShawGrimal2001" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Nicolas; Shaw, Ian; Grimal, Nicolas (2001). <i>A history of ancient Egypt</i> (Repr ed.). Oxford: Blackwell. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-631-19396-8"><bdi>978-0-631-19396-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pages=379&rft.edition=Repr&rft.pub=Blackwell&rft.date=2001&rft.isbn=978-0-631-19396-8&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Nicolas&rft.au=Shaw%2C+Ian&rft.au=Grimal%2C+Nicolas&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-8">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharpe1838" class="citation book cs1">Sharpe, Samuel (1838). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyegyptund01shargoog"><i>The History of Egypt under the Ptolemies</i></a>. London: E. Moxon. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/historyegyptund01shargoog/page/n33">19</a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/4523393">4523393</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+History+of+Egypt+under+the+Ptolemies&rft.place=London&rft.pages=19&rft.pub=E.+Moxon&rft.date=1838&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F4523393&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fhistoryegyptund01shargoog&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-9"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-9">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFVan_de_Mieroop2011" class="citation book cs1">Van de Mieroop, Marc (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.worldcat.org/title/522429289"><i>A history of ancient Egypt</i></a>. Blackwell history of the ancient world. Chichester, West Sussex; Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6070-4" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6070-4"><bdi>978-1-4051-6070-4</bdi></a>. <a href="/wiki/OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/522429289">522429289</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Chichester%2C+West+Sussex%3B+Malden%2C+MA&rft.series=Blackwell+history+of+the+ancient+world&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft_id=info%3Aoclcnum%2F522429289&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6070-4&rft.aulast=Van+de+Mieroop&rft.aufirst=Marc&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.worldcat.org%2Ftitle%2F522429289&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010194-10"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010194_10-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepuydt2010">Depuydt 2010</a>, p. 194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-11"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-11">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Toby Wilkinson, <i>The Rise and Fall of Ancient Egypt</i> (Bloomsbury, 2010), p. 463</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010193–194-12"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEDepuydt2010193–194_12-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFDepuydt2010">Depuydt 2010</a>, pp. 193–194.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-13"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-13">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAl-Maqrīzī" class="citation book cs1">Al-Maqrīzī. <i>Book of Exhortations and Useful Lessons in Dealing with Topography and Historical Remains</i>. Translated by Stowasser, Karl. Hans A. Stowasser. p. 64.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Book+of+Exhortations+and+Useful+Lessons+in+Dealing+with+Topography+and+Historical+Remains&rft.pages=64&rft.pub=Hans+A.+Stowasser&rft.au=Al-Maqr%C4%ABz%C4%AB&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-14"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-14">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimal, p. 374</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-15"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-15">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Grimal, p. 377</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-EBE-16"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-EBE_16-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFEducational_Britannica_Educational2010" class="citation book cs1">Educational Britannica Educational (2010). <i>Ancient Egypt: From Prehistory to the Islamic Conquest</i>. The Rosen Publishing Group. pp. <span class="nowrap">88–</span>89. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-210-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-61530-210-9"><bdi>978-1-61530-210-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Ancient+Egypt%3A+From+Prehistory+to+the+Islamic+Conquest&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E88-%3C%2Fspan%3E89&rft.pub=The+Rosen+Publishing+Group&rft.date=2010&rft.isbn=978-1-61530-210-9&rft.au=Educational+Britannica+Educational&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dandamaev-17"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev_17-4"><sup><i><b>e</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDandamaev1989" class="citation book cs1">Dandamaev, M. A. (1989). <i>A political history of the Achaemenid empire</i>. BRILL. p. 301. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/90-04-09172-6" title="Special:BookSources/90-04-09172-6"><bdi>90-04-09172-6</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+political+history+of+the+Achaemenid+empire&rft.pages=301&rft.pub=BRILL&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=90-04-09172-6&rft.aulast=Dandamaev&rft.aufirst=M.+A.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Sharpe2-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Sharpe2_18-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFSharpe1859" class="citation book cs1">Sharpe, Samuel (1859). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYUOAAAAQAAJ"><i>The history of Egypt from the earliest times till the conquest by the Arabs: A. D. 640</i></a>. Moxon. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_uYUOAAAAQAAJ/page/n248">211</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+history+of+Egypt+from+the+earliest+times+till+the+conquest+by+the+Arabs%3A+A.+D.+640&rft.pages=211&rft.pub=Moxon&rft.date=1859&rft.aulast=Sharpe&rft.aufirst=Samuel&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fbub_gb_uYUOAAAAQAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Grimal-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Grimal_19-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Grimal_19-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFGrimalNicolas-Christophe_Grimal1994" class="citation book cs1">Grimal, Nicolás; Nicolas-Christophe Grimal (1994). <i>A history of ancient Egypt</i>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 379. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-306-46158-7" title="Special:BookSources/0-306-46158-7"><bdi>0-306-46158-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=379&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-306-46158-7&rft.aulast=Grimal&rft.aufirst=Nicol%C3%A1s&rft.au=Nicolas-Christophe+Grimal&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation book cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=XkdmAAAAMAAJ"><i>American Journal of Numismatics</i></a>. American Numismatic Society. 1989. p. 26. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/9780897222969" title="Special:BookSources/9780897222969"><bdi>9780897222969</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=American+Journal+of+Numismatics&rft.pages=26&rft.pub=American+Numismatic+Society&rft.date=1989&rft.isbn=9780897222969&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DXkdmAAAAMAAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-21">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFForbes1965" class="citation book cs1">Forbes, R. J. (1965). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=TAw4AAAAIAAJ&pg=PA184"><i>Studies in ancient technology. 5</i></a>. Brill Archive. p. 184. <q>It is worth noting that a series of gold staters apparently issued by Tachos' successor, Nectanebo II (361/60 – 343) bear hieroglyphs meaning 'good gold' (nefer nub)</q></cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Studies+in+ancient+technology.+5&rft.pages=184&rft.pub=Brill+Archive&rft.date=1965&rft.aulast=Forbes&rft.aufirst=R.+J.&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DTAw4AAAAIAAJ%26pg%3DPA184&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171_22-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000171_22-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyśliwiec2000">Myśliwiec 2000</a>, p. 171.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFAssmann2005" class="citation book cs1">Assmann, Jan (2005). <i>Death and salvation in ancient Egypt</i>. Cornell University Press. p. 190. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-8014-4241-9" title="Special:BookSources/0-8014-4241-9"><bdi>0-8014-4241-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Death+and+salvation+in+ancient+Egypt&rft.pages=190&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2005&rft.isbn=0-8014-4241-9&rft.aulast=Assmann&rft.aufirst=Jan&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBlyth2006" class="citation book cs1">Blyth, Elizabeth (2006). <i>Karnak: evolution of a temple</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 222. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-40486-X" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-40486-X"><bdi>0-415-40486-X</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Karnak%3A+evolution+of+a+temple&rft.pages=222&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-40486-X&rft.aulast=Blyth&rft.aufirst=Elizabeth&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Brosius-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-Brosius_25-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFBrosius2006" class="citation book cs1">Brosius, Maria (2006). <i>The Persians: an introduction</i>. Taylor & Francis. p. 29. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-415-32089-5" title="Special:BookSources/0-415-32089-5"><bdi>0-415-32089-5</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Persians%3A+an+introduction&rft.pages=29&rft.pub=Taylor+%26+Francis&rft.date=2006&rft.isbn=0-415-32089-5&rft.aulast=Brosius&rft.aufirst=Maria&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Hall-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Hall_26-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFH._R._Hall" class="citation web cs1 cs1-prop-unfit">H. R. Hall. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120315132615/http://www.third-millennium-library.com/readinghall/UniversalHistory/OLD_GREECE/4OI-3OI_BC/6-EGYPT.html">"Cambridge's Ancient History of Greece"</a>. Third Millennium Library. Archived from the original on March 15, 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 4,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=Cambridge%27s+Ancient+History+of+Greece&rft.pub=Third+Millennium+Library&rft.au=H.+R.+Hall&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.third-millennium-library.com%2Freadinghall%2FUniversalHistory%2FOLD_GREECE%2F4OI-3OI_BC%2F6-EGYPT.html&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Dandamaev2-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev2_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev2_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Dandamaev2_27-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text">Dandamaev, p. 309</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-28">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Dandamaev, p. 310</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Maspero-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Maspero_29-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Maspero_29-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMaspero2003" class="citation book cs1">Maspero, G. (2003). <i>History of Egypt</i>. Kessinger Publishing. p. 309. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-7661-3512-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-7661-3512-8"><bdi>0-7661-3512-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=History+of+Egypt&rft.pages=309&rft.pub=Kessinger+Publishing&rft.date=2003&rft.isbn=0-7661-3512-8&rft.aulast=Maspero&rft.aufirst=G.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-30">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">Brosius, p. 30</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-31">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFWatterson1998" class="citation book cs1">Watterson, Barbara (1998). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/egyptianspeoples00barb/page/182"><i>The Egyptians</i></a>. Wiley-Blackwell. p. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/egyptianspeoples00barb/page/182">182</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-631-21195-0" title="Special:BookSources/0-631-21195-0"><bdi>0-631-21195-0</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Egyptians&rft.pages=182&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=0-631-21195-0&rft.aulast=Watterson&rft.aufirst=Barbara&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Farchive.org%2Fdetails%2Fegyptianspeoples00barb%2Fpage%2F182&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000177-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000177_32-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyśliwiec2000">Myśliwiec 2000</a>, p. 177.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170_33-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000170_33-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyśliwiec2000">Myśliwiec 2000</a>, p. 170.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000172-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-FOOTNOTEMyśliwiec2000172_34-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="#CITEREFMyśliwiec2000">Myśliwiec 2000</a>, p. 172.</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Christies-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Christies_35-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Christies_35-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.christies.com/LotFinder/lot_details.aspx?intObjectID=5078748">"An Egyptian Colossal Quartzite Head of the Pharaoh Nectanebo II"</a>. <a href="/wiki/Christie%27s" title="Christie's">Christie's</a><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">March 5,</span> 2011</span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=unknown&rft.btitle=An+Egyptian+Colossal+Quartzite+Head+of+the+Pharaoh+Nectanebo+II&rft.pub=Christie%27s&rft_id=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.christies.com%2FLotFinder%2Flot_details.aspx%3FintObjectID%3D5078748&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-36">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.davidrumsey.com/amica/amico1256763-105620.html">"The God Horus Protecting King Nectanebo II"</a>. David Rumsey Map Collection/AMICA Library<span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Retrieved <span class="nowrap">2024-03-07</span></span>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=unknown&rft.jtitle=napoleon.org&rft.atitle=The+Campaign+in+Egypt&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.napoleon.org%2Fen%2Fhistory-of-the-two-empires%2Farticles%2Fthe-campaign-in-egypt%2F&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-Chugg-2002-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-Chugg-2002_38-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chugg-2002_38-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-Chugg-2002_38-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFChugg2002" class="citation journal cs1">Chugg, Andrew (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.jstor.org/stable/826879">"The Sarcophagus of Alexander the Great?"</a>. <i>Greece & Rome</i>. <b>49</b> (1): <span class="nowrap">8–</span>26. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0017-3835">0017-3835</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Greece+%26+Rome&rft.atitle=The+Sarcophagus+of+Alexander+the+Great%3F&rft.volume=49&rft.issue=1&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E8-%3C%2Fspan%3E26&rft.date=2002&rft.issn=0017-3835&rft.aulast=Chugg&rft.aufirst=Andrew&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.jstor.org%2Fstable%2F826879&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-britishmuseum.org-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-britishmuseum.org_39-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-britishmuseum.org_39-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britishmuseum.org/collection/object/Y_EA10">"sarcophagus; bath-tub (re-use); religious/ritual vessel | British Museum"</a>. <i>www.britishmuseum.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. 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Chichester: Wiley-Blackwell. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6071-1" title="Special:BookSources/978-1-4051-6071-1"><bdi>978-1-4051-6071-1</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=A+history+of+ancient+Egypt&rft.place=Chichester&rft.series=Blackwell+history+of+the+ancient+world&rft.edition=1.+publ&rft.pub=Wiley-Blackwell&rft.date=2011&rft.isbn=978-1-4051-6071-1&rft.aulast=Van+de+Mieroop&rft.aufirst=Marc&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text">A. M. 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Skira =location=Milan. p. 22. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-88-572-1764-2" title="Special:BookSources/978-88-572-1764-2"><bdi>978-88-572-1764-2</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=I+Tarocchi+Sola+Busca+e+la+cultura+ermetico-alchemica+tra+Marche+e+Veneto+alla+fine+del+Qattrocento&rft.pages=22&rft.pub=Skira+%3Dlocation%3DMilan&rft.date=2012&rft.isbn=978-88-572-1764-2&rft.aulast=Gnaccolini&rft.aufirst=Laura+Paola&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-48"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-48">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDi_Vincenzo1998" class="citation book cs1">Di Vincenzo, Sofia (1998). <i>Sola Busca Tarot</i>. Stamford, Connecticut: U.S. Games Systems. p. 58. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/1-57281-130-7" title="Special:BookSources/1-57281-130-7"><bdi>1-57281-130-7</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=Sola+Busca+Tarot&rft.place=Stamford%2C+Connecticut&rft.pages=58&rft.pub=U.S.+Games+Systems&rft.date=1998&rft.isbn=1-57281-130-7&rft.aulast=Di+Vincenzo&rft.aufirst=Sofia&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></span> </li> </ol></div></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliography">Bibliography</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Nectanebo_II&action=edit&section=11" title="Edit section: Bibliography"><span>edit</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFDepuydt2010" class="citation journal cs1">Depuydt, Leo (2010). "New Date for the Second Persian Conquest, End of Pharaonic and Manethonian Egypt: 340/39 B.C.E.". <i><a href="/w/index.php?title=Journal_of_Egyptian_History&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Journal of Egyptian History (page does not exist)">Journal of Egyptian History</a></i>. <b>3</b> (2): <span class="nowrap">191–</span>230. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1163%2F187416610X541709">10.1163/187416610X541709</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Journal+of+Egyptian+History&rft.atitle=New+Date+for+the+Second+Persian+Conquest%2C+End+of+Pharaonic+and+Manethonian+Egypt%3A+340%2F39+B.C.E.&rft.volume=3&rft.issue=2&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E191-%3C%2Fspan%3E230&rft.date=2010&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.1163%2F187416610X541709&rft.aulast=Depuydt&rft.aufirst=Leo&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFLloyd1994" class="citation book cs1">Lloyd, Alan B. (1994). "Egypt, 404–332 B.C.". In <a href="/wiki/David_Malcolm_Lewis" title="David Malcolm Lewis">D.M. Lewis</a>; <a href="/wiki/John_Boardman_(art_historian)" title="John Boardman (art historian)">John Boardman</a>; <a href="/wiki/Simon_Hornblower" title="Simon Hornblower">Simon Hornblower</a> & <a href="/wiki/Martin_Ostwald" title="Martin Ostwald">M. Ostwald</a> (eds.). <a href="//archive.org/details/iB_Ca/06/page/n373" class="extiw" title="iarchive:iB Ca/06/page/n373"><i>The Cambridge Ancient History VI: The Fourth Century B.C.</i></a> (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. <span class="nowrap">337–</span>360. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0-521-23348-8" title="Special:BookSources/0-521-23348-8"><bdi>0-521-23348-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Egypt%2C+404%E2%80%93332+B.C.&rft.btitle=The+Cambridge+Ancient+History+VI%3A+The+Fourth+Century+B.C.&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E337-%3C%2Fspan%3E360&rft.edition=2nd&rft.pub=Cambridge+University+Press&rft.date=1994&rft.isbn=0-521-23348-8&rft.aulast=Lloyd&rft.aufirst=Alan+B.&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFMyśliwiec2000" class="citation book cs1">Myśliwiec, Karol (2000). <i>The twilight of ancient Egypt: first millennium B.C.E</i>. Ithaca, N.Y: Cornell University Press. p. 173. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-3716-8" title="Special:BookSources/978-0-8014-3716-8"><bdi>978-0-8014-3716-8</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+twilight+of+ancient+Egypt%3A+first+millennium+B.C.E&rft.place=Ithaca%2C+N.Y&rft.pages=173&rft.pub=Cornell+University+Press&rft.date=2000&rft.isbn=978-0-8014-3716-8&rft.aulast=My%C5%9Bliwiec&rft.aufirst=Karol&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFNawotka2017" class="citation book cs1">Nawotka, Krzysztof (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.com/books?id=MtMuDwAAQBAJ"><i>The Alexander Romance by Ps.-Callisthenes: A Historical Commentary</i></a>. Leiden: Brill. <a href="/wiki/ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33521-9" title="Special:BookSources/978-90-04-33521-9"><bdi>978-90-04-33521-9</bdi></a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=book&rft.btitle=The+Alexander+Romance+by+Ps.-Callisthenes%3A+A+Historical+Commentary&rft.place=Leiden&rft.pub=Brill&rft.date=2017&rft.isbn=978-90-04-33521-9&rft.aulast=Nawotka&rft.aufirst=Krzysztof&rft_id=https%3A%2F%2Fbooks.google.com%2Fbooks%3Fid%3DMtMuDwAAQBAJ&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></li> <li><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1238218222" /><cite id="CITEREFPascual2013" class="citation magazine cs1">Pascual, José (2013). "La datación de la ascensión al trono de Esparta de Agesilao II y la cronología de la dinastía XXX egipcia". <i>Gerión</i>. Vol. 30. Complutense University of Madrid. pp. <span class="nowrap">29–</span>49. <a href="/wiki/Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.5209%2Frev_GERI.2012.v30.41802">10.5209/rev_GERI.2012.v30.41802</a>. <a href="/wiki/ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/0213-0181">0213-0181</a>.</cite><span title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.jtitle=Geri%C3%B3n&rft.atitle=La+dataci%C3%B3n+de+la+ascensi%C3%B3n+al+trono+de+Esparta+de+Agesilao+II+y+la+cronolog%C3%ADa+de+la+dinast%C3%ADa+XXX+egipcia&rft.volume=30&rft.pages=%3Cspan+class%3D%22nowrap%22%3E29-%3C%2Fspan%3E49&rft.date=2013&rft_id=info%3Adoi%2F10.5209%2Frev_GERI.2012.v30.41802&rft.issn=0213-0181&rft.aulast=Pascual&rft.aufirst=Jos%C3%A9&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fen.wikipedia.org%3ANectanebo+II" class="Z3988"></span></li></ul> <table class="wikitable succession-box noprint" style="margin:0.5em auto; font-size:small;clear:both;"> <tbody><tr style="text-align:center;"> <td style="width:30%;" rowspan="1">Preceded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></div> </td> <td style="width: 40%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1"><b> <a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">Pharaoh of Egypt</a> </b><br />358–340 BC </td> <td style="width: 30%; text-align: center;" rowspan="1">Succeeded by<div style="font-weight: bold"><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></div> </td></tr> </tbody></table> <div class="navbox-styles"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r1129693374">.mw-parser-output .hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul{margin:0;padding:0}.mw-parser-output .hlist dd,.mw-parser-output .hlist dt,.mw-parser-output .hlist li{margin:0;display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist.inline ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist dl ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ol ul,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul dl,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ol,.mw-parser-output .hlist ul ul{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .hlist 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.navbox-title{background-color:#ddf}.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-group,.mw-parser-output .navbox-subgroup .navbox-abovebelow{background-color:#e6e6ff}.mw-parser-output .navbox-even{background-color:#f7f7f7}.mw-parser-output .navbox-odd{background-color:transparent}.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox .hlist td ul,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist dl,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ol,.mw-parser-output .navbox td.hlist ul{padding:0.125em 0}.mw-parser-output .navbox .navbar{display:block;font-size:100%}.mw-parser-output .navbox-title .navbar{float:left;text-align:left;margin-right:0.5em}body.skin--responsive .mw-parser-output .navbox-image img{max-width:none!important}@media print{body.ns-0 .mw-parser-output .navbox{display:none!important}}</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Pharaohs32" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed 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title="Pharaoh">Pharaohs</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Protodynastic_to_First_Intermediate_Period_(32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a> to <a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">First Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (<3150–2040 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Naqada_III" title="Naqada III">Protodynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(pre-3150 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Lower_Egypt" title="Lower Egypt">Lower</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Hedju_Hor" title="Hedju Hor">Hedju Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ny-Hor" title="Ny-Hor">Ny-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ni-Neith" title="Ni-Neith">Ni-Neith</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hat-Hor" class="mw-redirect" title="Hat-Hor">Hat-Hor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Pu (pharaoh)">Pu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hsekiu" class="mw-redirect" title="Hsekiu">Hsekiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khayu" class="mw-redirect" title="Khayu">Khayu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiu_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiu (pharaoh)">Tiu</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thesh" class="mw-redirect" title="Thesh">Thesh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neheb" class="mw-redirect" title="Neheb">Neheb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazner" class="mw-redirect" title="Wazner">Wazner</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Mekh" class="mw-redirect" title="Mekh">Mekh</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Double_Falcon" title="Double Falcon">Double Falcon</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wash_(pharaoh)" title="Wash (pharaoh)">Wash</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Upper_Egypt" title="Upper Egypt">Upper</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/A_(pharaoh)" title="A (pharaoh)">A</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Finger_Snail" title="Finger Snail">Finger Snail</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Fish_(pharaoh)" title="Fish (pharaoh)">Fish</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elephant_(pharaoh)" title="Elephant (pharaoh)">Elephant</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Stork_(pharaoh)" title="Stork (pharaoh)">Stork</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bull_(pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Bull (pharaoh)">Bull</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_I" title="Scorpion I">Scorpion I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Crocodile_(pharaoh)" title="Crocodile (pharaoh)">Crocodile</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iry-Hor" title="Iry-Hor">Iry-Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ka_(pharaoh)" title="Ka (pharaoh)">Ka</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Scorpion_II" title="Scorpion II">Scorpion II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Early_Dynastic_Period_(Egypt)" title="Early Dynastic Period (Egypt)">Early Dynastic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(3150–2686 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="First Dynasty of Egypt">I</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Narmer" title="Narmer">Narmer</a> / <a href="/wiki/Menes" title="Menes">Menes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor-Aha" title="Hor-Aha">Hor-Aha</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djer" title="Djer">Djer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djet" title="Djet">Djet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Den_(pharaoh)" title="Den (pharaoh)">Den</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Anedjib" title="Anedjib">Anedjib</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semerkhet" title="Semerkhet">Semerkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qa%27a" title="Qa'a">Qa'a</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sneferka" title="Sneferka">Sneferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Bird_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Horus Bird (Pharaoh)">Horus Bird</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Second Dynasty of Egypt">II</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Hotepsekhemwy" title="Hotepsekhemwy">Hotepsekhemwy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebra_(Pharaoh)" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebra (Pharaoh)">Nebra</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nynetjer" title="Nynetjer">Nynetjer</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ba_(pharaoh)" title="Ba (pharaoh)">Ba</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nubnefer" title="Nubnefer">Nubnefer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Horus_Sa" title="Horus Sa">Horus Sa</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Weneg_(pharaoh)" title="Weneg (pharaoh)">Weneg-Nebty</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjenes" title="Wadjenes">Wadjenes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senedj" title="Senedj">Senedj</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth-Peribsen" title="Seth-Peribsen">Seth-Peribsen</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemib-Perenmaat" title="Sekhemib-Perenmaat">Sekhemib-Perenmaat</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkara_I" title="Neferkara I">Neferkara I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferkasokar" title="Neferkasokar">Neferkasokar</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Hudjefa_I" title="Hudjefa I">Hudjefa I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khasekhemwy" title="Khasekhemwy">Khasekhemwy</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Old_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Old Kingdom of Egypt">Old Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2686–2181 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Third Dynasty of Egypt">III</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djoser" title="Djoser">Djoser</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkhet" title="Sekhemkhet">Sekhemkhet</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sanakht" title="Sanakht">Sanakht</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebka" title="Nebka">Nebka</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaba" title="Khaba">Khaba</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sedjes" title="Sedjes">Sedjes</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qahedjet" title="Qahedjet">Qahedjet</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Huni" title="Huni">Huni</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt">IV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Sneferu" title="Sneferu">Snefru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khufu" title="Khufu">Khufu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedefre" title="Djedefre">Djedefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khafre" title="Khafre">Khafre</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Bikheris" title="Bikheris">Bikheris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkaure" title="Menkaure">Menkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskaf" title="Shepseskaf">Shepseskaf</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Thamphthis" title="Thamphthis">Thamphthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifth Dynasty of Egypt">V</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Userkaf" title="Userkaf">Userkaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sahure" title="Sahure">Sahure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare_Kakai" title="Neferirkare Kakai">Neferirkare Kakai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferefre" title="Neferefre">Neferefre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shepseskare" title="Shepseskare">Shepseskare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nyuserre_Ini" title="Nyuserre Ini">Nyuserre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Menkauhor_Kaiu" title="Menkauhor Kaiu">Menkauhor Kaiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Isesi" title="Djedkare Isesi">Djedkare Isesi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Unas" title="Unas">Unas</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixth Dynasty of Egypt">VI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Teti" title="Teti">Teti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Userkare" title="Userkare">Userkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_I_Meryre" title="Pepi I Meryre">Pepi I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_I" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf I">Merenre Nemtyemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pepi_II_Neferkare" title="Pepi II Neferkare">Pepi II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenre_Nemtyemsaf_II" title="Merenre Nemtyemsaf II">Merenre Nemtyemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Netjerkare_Siptah" title="Netjerkare Siptah">Netjerkare Siptah</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Neferka" title="Neferka">Neferka</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nefer#Pharaoh" title="Nefer">Nefer</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/First_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="First Intermediate Period of Egypt">1<sup>st</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2181–2040 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventh Dynasty of Egypt">VII</a>/<a href="/wiki/Eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighth Dynasty of Egypt">VIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Menkare" title="Menkare">Menkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_II" title="Neferkare II">Neferkare II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Neby" title="Neferkare Neby">Neferkare III Neby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkare_Shemai" title="Djedkare Shemai">Djedkare Shemai</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Khendu" title="Neferkare Khendu">Neferkare IV Khendu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merenhor" title="Merenhor">Merenhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin" title="Neferkamin">Neferkamin</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nikare" title="Nikare">Nikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Tereru" title="Neferkare Tereru">Neferkare V Tereru</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkahor" title="Neferkahor">Neferkahor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_Pepiseneb" title="Neferkare Pepiseneb">Neferkare VI Pepiseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkamin_Anu" title="Neferkamin Anu">Neferkamin Anu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ibi" title="Qakare Ibi">Qakare Iby</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkaure" title="Neferkaure">Neferkaure</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkauhor" title="Neferkauhor">Neferkauhor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferirkare" title="Neferirkare">Neferirkare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wadjkare" title="Wadjkare">Wadjkare</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khuiqer" title="Khuiqer">Khuiqer</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khui" title="Khui">Khui</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iytjenu" title="Iytjenu">Iytjenu</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Ninth Dynasty of Egypt">IX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryibre_Khety" title="Meryibre Khety">Meryibre Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare,_ninth_dynasty" class="mw-redirect" title="Neferkare, ninth dynasty">Neferkare VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebkaure_Khety" title="Nebkaure Khety">Nebkaure Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Setut" title="Setut">Setut</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Imhotep_(pharaoh)" title="Imhotep (pharaoh)">Imhotep</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Tenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Tenth Dynasty of Egypt">X</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Meryhathor" title="Meryhathor">Meryhathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferkare_VIII" title="Neferkare VIII">Neferkare VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahkare_Khety" title="Wahkare Khety">Wahkare Khety</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merikare" title="Merikare">Merykare</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Middle_Kingdom_and_Second_Intermediate_Period_(2040–1550_BC)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">Second Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (2040–1550 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Middle_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="Middle Kingdom of Egypt">Middle Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(2040–1802 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt">XI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_I" title="Mentuhotep I">Mentuhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_I" title="Intef I">Intef I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_II" title="Intef II">Intef II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Intef_III" title="Intef III">Intef III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_II" title="Mentuhotep II">Mentuhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_III" title="Mentuhotep III">Mentuhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mentuhotep_IV" title="Mentuhotep IV">Mentuhotep IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em">Nubia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Segerseni" title="Segerseni">Segerseni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Qakare_Ini" title="Qakare Ini">Qakare Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iyibkhentre" title="Iyibkhentre">Iyibkhentre</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt">XII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_I" title="Amenemhat I">Amenemhat I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_I" title="Senusret I">Senusret I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_II" title="Amenemhat II">Amenemhat II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_II" title="Senusret II">Senusret II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senusret_III" title="Senusret III">Senusret III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_III" title="Amenemhat III">Amenemhat III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhat_IV" title="Amenemhat IV">Amenemhat IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekneferu" title="Sobekneferu">Sobekneferu</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Seankhibtawy_Seankhibra" title="Seankhibtawy Seankhibra">Seankhibtawy Seankhibra</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Second_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Second Intermediate Period of Egypt">2<sup>nd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1802–1550 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Thirteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Khutawy_Sobekhotep" title="Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep">Sekhemrekhutawy Sobekhotep</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sonbef" class="mw-redirect" title="Sonbef">Sonbef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerikare" title="Nerikare">Nerikare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemkare" title="Sekhemkare">Sekhemkare Amenemhat V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ameny_Qemau" title="Ameny Qemau">Ameny Qemau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hotepibre" title="Hotepibre">Hotepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Iufni" title="Iufni">Iufni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemhet_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Amenemhet VI">Ameny Antef Amenemhet VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenkare_Nebnuni" title="Semenkare Nebnuni">Semenkare Nebnuni</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepibre" title="Sehetepibre">Sehetepibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare" title="Sewadjkare">Sewadjkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nedjemibre" title="Nedjemibre">Nedjemibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khaankhre_Sobekhotep" title="Khaankhre Sobekhotep">Khaankhre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Renseneb" title="Renseneb">Renseneb</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hor" title="Hor">Hor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemrekhutawy_Khabaw" title="Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw">Sekhemrekhutawy Khabaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedkheperew" title="Djedkheperew">Djedkheperew</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sebkay" title="Sebkay">Sebkay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sedjefakare" class="mw-redirect" title="Sedjefakare">Sedjefakare</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wegaf" title="Wegaf">Wegaf</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khendjer" title="Khendjer">Khendjer</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Imyremeshaw" title="Imyremeshaw">Imyremeshaw</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehetepkare_Intef" title="Sehetepkare Intef">Sehetepkare Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seth_Meribre" title="Seth Meribre">Seth Meribre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_III" title="Sobekhotep III">Sobekhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_I" title="Neferhotep I">Neferhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sihathor" title="Sihathor">Sihathor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_IV" title="Sobekhotep IV">Sobekhotep IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Sobekhotep" title="Merhotepre Sobekhotep">Merhotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VI" class="mw-redirect" title="Sobekhotep VI">Khahotepre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Wahibre_Ibiau" title="Wahibre Ibiau">Wahibre Ibiau</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneferre_Ay" title="Merneferre Ay">Merneferre Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merhotepre_Ini" title="Merhotepre Ini">Merhotepre Ini</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sankhenre_Sewadjtu" title="Sankhenre Sewadjtu">Sankhenre Sewadjtu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mersekhemre_Ined" title="Mersekhemre Ined">Mersekhemre Ined</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_Hori" title="Sewadjkare Hori">Sewadjkare Hori</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkawre_Sobekhotep" title="Merkawre Sobekhotep">Merkawre Sobekhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Mershepsesre_Ini_II" title="Mershepsesre Ini II">Mershepsesre Ini II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewahenre_Senebmiu" title="Sewahenre Senebmiu">Sewahenre Senebmiu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkheperre" title="Merkheperre">Merkheperre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merkare" title="Merkare">Merkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjare_Mentuhotep" title="Sewadjare Mentuhotep">Sewadjare Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seheqenre_Sankhptahi" title="Seheqenre Sankhptahi">Seheqenre Sankhptahi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fourteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fourteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakbim_Sekhaenre" title="Yakbim Sekhaenre">Yakbim Sekhaenre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ya%27ammu_Nubwoserre" title="Ya'ammu Nubwoserre">Ya'ammu Nubwoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Qareh" class="mw-redirect" title="Qareh">Qareh Khawoserre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aahotepre" class="mw-redirect" title="Aahotepre">'Ammu Ahotepre</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheshi" title="Sheshi">Maaibre Sheshi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nehesy" title="Nehesy">Nehesy</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khakherewre" class="mw-redirect" title="Khakherewre">Khakherewre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebefawre" class="mw-redirect" title="Nebefawre">Nebefawre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sehebre" title="Sehebre">Sehebre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merdjefare" title="Merdjefare">Merdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sewadjkare_III" title="Sewadjkare III">Sewadjkare III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebdjefare" title="Nebdjefare">Nebdjefare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebsenre" title="Nebsenre">Nebsenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekheperenre" title="Sekheperenre">Sekheperenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebnum" title="Bebnum">Bebnum</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/%27Apepi" title="'Apepi">'Apepi</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nuya" title="Nuya">Nuya</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wazad" title="Wazad">Wazad</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Sheneh_(pharaoh)" title="Sheneh (pharaoh)">Sheneh</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shenshek" title="Shenshek">Shenshek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Khamure" title="Khamure">Khamure</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yakareb" title="Yakareb">Yakareb</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yaqub-Har" title="Yaqub-Har">Yaqub-Har</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Fifteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Fifteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Sharek" title="Sharek">Sharek</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Semqen" title="Semqen">Semqen</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aperanat" title="Aperanat">'Aper-'Anati</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Salitis" title="Salitis">Salitis</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sakir-Har" title="Sakir-Har">Sakir-Har</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khyan" title="Khyan">Khyan</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Yanassi" title="Yanassi">Yanassi</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apepi" title="Apepi">Apepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khamudi" title="Khamudi">Khamudi</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Sixteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Sixteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Djehuti" class="mw-redirect" title="Djehuti">Djehuti</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekhotep_VIII" title="Sobekhotep VIII">Sobekhotep VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferhotep_III" title="Neferhotep III">Neferhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seankhenre_Mentuhotepi" title="Seankhenre Mentuhotepi">Mentuhotepi</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiryraw_I" title="Nebiryraw I">Nebiryraw I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nebiriau_II" title="Nebiriau II">Nebiriau II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Semenre" title="Semenre">Semenre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bebiankh" title="Bebiankh">Bebiankh</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre_Shedwast" class="mw-redirect" title="Sekhemre Shedwast">Sekhemre Shedwast</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_I" title="Dedumose I">Dedumose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Dedumose_II" title="Dedumose II">Dedumose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Djedankhre_Montemsaf" title="Djedankhre Montemsaf">Montuemsaf</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merankhre_Mentuhotep" title="Merankhre Mentuhotep">Merankhre Mentuhotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Senusret_IV" title="Senusret IV">Senusret IV</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pepi_III" title="Pepi III">Pepi III</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Abydos_Dynasty" title="Abydos Dynasty">Abydos</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Senebkay" title="Senebkay">Senebkay</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Wepwawetemsaf" title="Wepwawetemsaf">Wepwawetemsaf</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pantjeny" title="Pantjeny">Pantjeny</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Snaaib" title="Snaaib">Snaaib</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;4.75em"><a href="/wiki/Seventeenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Seventeenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Rahotep" class="mw-redirect" title="Rahotep">Rahotep</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nebmaatre" title="Nebmaatre">Nebmaatre</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_I" title="Sobekemsaf I">Sobekemsaf I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sobekemsaf_II" title="Sobekemsaf II">Sobekemsaf II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Wepmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Wepmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nubkheperre_Intef" title="Nubkheperre Intef">Nubkheperre Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat_Intef" title="Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef">Sekhemre-Heruhirmaat Intef</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Senakhtenre_Ahmose" title="Senakhtenre Ahmose">Senakhtenre Ahmose</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seqenenre_Tao" title="Seqenenre Tao">Seqenenre Tao</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Kamose" title="Kamose">Kamose</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="New_Kingdom_and_Third_Intermediate_Period_(1550–664_BC)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a> and <a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">Third Intermediate Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal"> (1550–664 BC)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><div class="hlist"><ul><li>Pharaohs  <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(male</span></li><li><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">female<sup>♀</sup>)</span></li><li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul></div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/New_Kingdom_of_Egypt" title="New Kingdom of Egypt">New Kingdom</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1550–1070 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ahmose_I" title="Ahmose I">Ahmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_I" title="Amenhotep I">Amenhotep I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_I" title="Thutmose I">Thutmose I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_II" title="Thutmose II">Thutmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hatshepsut" title="Hatshepsut">Hatshepsut</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_III" title="Thutmose III">Thutmose III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_II" title="Amenhotep II">Amenhotep II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thutmose_IV" title="Thutmose IV">Thutmose IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenhotep_III" title="Amenhotep III">Amenhotep III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Akhenaten" title="Akhenaten">Akhenaten</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Smenkhkare" title="Smenkhkare">Smenkhkare</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Neferneferuaten" title="Neferneferuaten">Neferneferuaten</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tutankhamun" title="Tutankhamun">Tutankhamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ay_(pharaoh)" title="Ay (pharaoh)">Ay</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Horemheb" title="Horemheb">Horemheb</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt">XIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_I" title="Ramesses I">Ramesses I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_I" title="Seti I">Seti I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_II" title="Ramesses II">Ramesses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Merneptah" title="Merneptah">Merneptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenmesse" title="Amenmesse">Amenmesses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Seti_II" title="Seti II">Seti II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siptah" title="Siptah">Siptah</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tausret" title="Tausret">Tausret</a><sup>♀</sup></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt">XX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Setnakhte" title="Setnakhte">Setnakhte</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_III" title="Ramesses III">Ramesses III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IV" title="Ramesses IV">Ramesses IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_V" title="Ramesses V">Ramesses V</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VI" title="Ramesses VI">Ramesses VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VII" title="Ramesses VII">Ramesses VII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_VIII" title="Ramesses VIII">Ramesses VIII</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_IX" title="Ramesses IX">Ramesses IX</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_X" title="Ramesses X">Ramesses X</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ramesses_XI" title="Ramesses XI">Ramesses XI</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Third_Intermediate_Period_of_Egypt" title="Third Intermediate Period of Egypt">3<sup>rd</sup> Intermediate</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(1069–664 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Smendes" title="Smendes">Smendes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemnisu" title="Amenemnisu">Amenemnisu</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_I" title="Psusennes I">Psusennes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amenemope_(pharaoh)" title="Amenemope (pharaoh)">Amenemope</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_the_Elder" title="Osorkon the Elder">Osorkon the Elder</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Siamun" title="Siamun">Siamun</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psusennes_II" title="Psusennes II">Psusennes II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/High_Priest_of_Amun" title="High Priest of Amun">High Priests of Amun</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Herihor" title="Herihor">Herihor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pinedjem_I" title="Pinedjem I">Pinedjem I</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-second_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-second Dynasty of Egypt">XXII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_I" title="Shoshenq I">Shoshenq I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_I" title="Osorkon I">Osorkon I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_II" title="Shoshenq II">Shoshenq II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tutkheperre_Shoshenq" title="Tutkheperre Shoshenq">Tutkheperre Shoshenq</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_I" title="Takelot I">Takelot I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_II" title="Osorkon II">Osorkon II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_III" title="Shoshenq III">Shoshenq III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_IV" title="Shoshenq IV">Shoshenq IV</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pami" title="Pami">Pami</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_V" title="Shoshenq V">Shoshenq V</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_II" title="Pedubast II">Pedubast II</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_IV" title="Osorkon IV">Osorkon IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-third_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-third Dynasty of Egypt">XXIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Harsiese_A" title="Harsiese A">Harsiese A</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_II" title="Takelot II">Takelot II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Pedubast_I" title="Pedubast I">Pedubast I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Iuput_I" title="Iuput I">Iuput I</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VI" title="Shoshenq VI">Shoshenq VI</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Osorkon_III" title="Osorkon III">Osorkon III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Takelot_III" title="Takelot III">Takelot III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Rudamun" title="Rudamun">Rudamun</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Shoshenq_VII" title="Shoshenq VII">Shoshenq VII</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ini_(pharaoh)" title="Ini (pharaoh)">Menkheperre Ini</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht" title="Tefnakht">Tefnakht</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Bakenranef" title="Bakenranef">Bakenranef</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt">XXV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Piye" title="Piye">Piye</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shebitku" title="Shebitku">Shebitku</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Shabaka" title="Shabaka">Shabaka</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Taharqa" title="Taharqa">Taharqa</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tantamani" title="Tantamani">Tanutamun</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Late_to_Roman_Period_(664_BC–313_AD)32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a> to <a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman Period</a> <span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(664 BC–313 AD)</span></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Period</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="Dynasty90" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em"><div class="center" style="width:auto; margin-left:auto; margin-right:auto;">Dynasty</div></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd navbox-group" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li>Pharaohs <ul><li>male</li> <li>female<sup>♀</sup></li></ul></li> <li><i>uncertain</i></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Late_Period_of_ancient_Egypt" title="Late Period of ancient Egypt">Late</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(664–332 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Ammeris" title="Ammeris">Ammeris</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tefnakht_II" title="Tefnakht II">Tefnakht II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Nekauba" title="Nekauba">Nekauba</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_I" title="Necho I">Necho I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_I" title="Psamtik I">Psamtik I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Necho_II" title="Necho II">Necho II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_II" title="Psamtik II">Psamtik II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Apries" title="Apries">Wahibre</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Amasis_II" title="Amasis II">Ahmose II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psamtik_III" title="Psamtik III">Psamtik III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-seventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-seventh Dynasty of Egypt">XXVII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Cambyses_II" title="Cambyses II">Cambyses II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Petubastis_III" title="Petubastis III">Petubastis III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_the_Great" title="Darius the Great">Darius I</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Psammetichus_IV" title="Psammetichus IV">Psammetichus IV</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Xerxes_I" title="Xerxes I">Xerxes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_I" title="Artaxerxes I">Artaxerxes I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_II" title="Darius II">Darius II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-eighth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-eighth Dynasty of Egypt">XXVIII</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amyrtaeus" title="Amyrtaeus">Amyrtaeus</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Twenty-ninth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Twenty-ninth Dynasty of Egypt">XXIX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_I" title="Nepherites I">Nepherites I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hakor" title="Hakor">Hakor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Psammuthes" title="Psammuthes">Psammuthes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nepherites_II" title="Nepherites II">Nepherites II</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Muthis" title="Muthis">Muthis</a></i></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">XXX</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Nectanebo_I" title="Nectanebo I">Nectanebo I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Teos_of_Egypt" title="Teos of Egypt">Teos</a></li> <li><a class="mw-selflink selflink">Nectanebo II</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Thirty-first_Dynasty_of_Egypt" title="Thirty-first Dynasty of Egypt">XXXI</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Artaxerxes_III" title="Artaxerxes III">Artaxerxes III</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Khabash" title="Khabash">Khabash</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Arses_of_Persia" title="Arses of Persia">Arses</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Darius_III" title="Darius III">Darius III</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Hellenistic_period" title="Hellenistic period">Hellenistic</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(332–30 BC)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_the_Great" title="Alexander the Great">Alexander the Great</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_III_of_Macedon" title="Philip III of Macedon">Philip III Arrhidaeus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Alexander_IV_of_Macedon" title="Alexander IV of Macedon">Alexander IV</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_dynasty" title="Ptolemaic dynasty">Ptolemaic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_I_Soter" title="Ptolemy I Soter">Ptolemy I Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_II_Philadelphus" title="Ptolemy II Philadelphus">Ptolemy II Philadelphus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_III_Euergetes" title="Ptolemy III Euergetes">Ptolemy III Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy IV Philopator">Ptolemy IV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_V_Epiphanes" title="Ptolemy V Epiphanes">Ptolemy V Epiphanes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VI_Philometor" title="Ptolemy VI Philometor">Ptolemy VI Philometor</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_II" title="Cleopatra II">Cleopatra II</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VII_Neos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator">Ptolemy VII Neos Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_VIII_Physcon" title="Ptolemy VIII Physcon">Ptolemy VIII Euergetes</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_III" title="Cleopatra III">Cleopatra III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_IX_Lathyros" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemy IX Lathyros">Ptolemy IX Soter</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_X_Alexander_I" title="Ptolemy X Alexander I">Ptolemy X Alexander I</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_III" title="Berenice III">Berenice III</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XI_Alexander_II" title="Ptolemy XI Alexander II">Ptolemy XI Alexander II</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XII_Auletes" title="Ptolemy XII Auletes">Ptolemy XII Neos Dionysos</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_V" title="Cleopatra V">Cleopatra V</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Berenice_IV_of_Egypt" class="mw-redirect" title="Berenice IV of Egypt">Berenice IV Epiphaneia</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra_VI_Tryphaena" class="mw-redirect" title="Cleopatra VI Tryphaena">Cleopatra VI Tryphaena</a></i><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Cleopatra" title="Cleopatra">Cleopatra VII Philopator</a><sup>♀</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIII_Theos_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator">Ptolemy XIII Theos Philopator</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Arsinoe_IV" title="Arsinoe IV">Arsinoe IV</a><sup>♀</sup></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemy_XIV_Philopator" title="Ptolemy XIV Philopator">Ptolemy XIV Philopator</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caesarion" title="Caesarion">Ptolemy XV Caesarion</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:8.25em"><a href="/wiki/Roman_Egypt" title="Roman Egypt">Roman</a><br /><span style="font-weight:normal; font-style:normal">(30 BC–313 AD)</span></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="XXXIV23" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:4.75em;text-align:center;"><a href="/wiki/Roman_pharaoh" title="Roman pharaoh">XXXIV</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Augustus" title="Augustus">Augustus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Tiberius" title="Tiberius">Tiberius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caligula" title="Caligula">Caligula</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Claudius" title="Claudius">Claudius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nero" title="Nero">Nero</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galba" title="Galba">Galba</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Otho" title="Otho">Otho</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Vitellius" title="Vitellius">Vitellius</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Vespasian" title="Vespasian">Vespasian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Titus" title="Titus">Titus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Domitian" title="Domitian">Domitian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nerva" title="Nerva">Nerva</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Trajan" title="Trajan">Trajan</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Hadrian" title="Hadrian">Hadrian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Antoninus_Pius" title="Antoninus Pius">Antoninus Pius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Verus" title="Lucius Verus">Lucius Verus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Marcus_Aurelius" title="Marcus Aurelius">Marcus Aurelius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Commodus" title="Commodus">Commodus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pertinax" title="Pertinax">Pertinax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pescennius_Niger" title="Pescennius Niger">Pescennius Niger</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Septimius_Severus" title="Septimius Severus">Septimius Severus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Geta_(emperor)" title="Geta (emperor)">Geta</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Caracalla" title="Caracalla">Caracalla</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Macrinus" title="Macrinus">Macrinus</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diadumenian" title="Diadumenian">Diadumenian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Elagabalus" title="Elagabalus">Elagabalus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Severus_Alexander" title="Severus Alexander">Severus Alexander</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Thrax" title="Maximinus Thrax">Maximinus Thrax</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_I" title="Gordian I">Gordian I</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_II" title="Gordian II">Gordian II</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Pupienus" title="Pupienus">Pupienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Balbinus" title="Balbinus">Balbinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gordian_III" title="Gordian III">Gordian III</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Philip_the_Arab" title="Philip the Arab">Philip</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Decius" title="Decius">Decius</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Trebonianus_Gallus" title="Trebonianus Gallus">Trebonianus Gallus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aemilianus" title="Aemilianus">Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Valerian_(emperor)" title="Valerian (emperor)">Valerian</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Macrianus_Minor" title="Macrianus Minor">Macrianus Minor</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quietus" title="Quietus">Quietus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Lucius_Mussius_Aemilianus" title="Lucius Mussius Aemilianus">Lucius Mussius Aemilianus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Gallienus" title="Gallienus">Gallienus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Claudius_Gothicus" title="Claudius Gothicus">Claudius Gothicus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Quintillus" title="Quintillus">Quintillus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Aurelian" title="Aurelian">Aurelian</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tacitus_(emperor)" title="Tacitus (emperor)">Tacitus</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Probus_(emperor)" title="Probus (emperor)">Probus</a></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carus" title="Carus">Carus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Carinus" title="Carinus">Carinus</a></i></li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Numerian" title="Numerian">Numerian</a></i></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Diocletian" title="Diocletian">Diocletian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximian" title="Maximian">Maximian</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Galerius" title="Galerius">Galerius</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Maximinus_Daza" title="Maximinus Daza">Maximinus Daza</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Dynastic_genealogies32" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Dynastic genealogies</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/First_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="First Dynasty of Egypt family tree">1<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li>2<sup>nd</sup></li> <li>3<sup>rd</sup></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Fourth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">4<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eleventh_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eleventh Dynasty of Egypt family tree">11<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twelfth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twelfth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">12<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Eighteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">18<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Nineteenth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Nineteenth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">19<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twentieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">20<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/21st,_22nd_%26_23rd_dynasties_of_Egypt_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="21st, 22nd & 23rd dynasties of Egypt family tree">21<sup>st</sup> to 23<sup>rd</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fourth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Twenty-fourth Dynasty of Egypt">24<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-fifth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">25<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Twenty-sixth_Dynasty_of_Egypt_family_tree" title="Twenty-sixth Dynasty of Egypt family tree">26<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">27<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Thirtieth_Dynasty_of_Egypt#Family_tree" title="Thirtieth Dynasty of Egypt">30<sup>th</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Achaemenid_family_tree" title="Achaemenid family tree">31<sup>st</sup></a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Argead_dynasty#Family_tree" title="Argead dynasty">Argead</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Ptolemaic_family_tree" class="mw-redirect" title="Ptolemaic family tree">Ptolemaic</a></li></ul> </div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div><a href="/wiki/List_of_pharaohs" title="List of pharaohs">List of pharaohs</a></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div> <div class="navbox-styles"><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1129693374" /><link rel="mw-deduplicated-inline-style" href="mw-data:TemplateStyles:r1236075235" /></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox authority-control" aria-labelledby="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313126#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata707" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Authority_control_databases_frameless&#124;text-top&#124;10px&#124;alt=Edit_this_at_Wikidata&#124;link=https&#58;//www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313126#identifiers&#124;class=noprint&#124;Edit_this_at_Wikidata707" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="/wiki/Help:Authority_control" title="Help:Authority control">Authority control databases</a> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q313126#identifiers" title="Edit this at Wikidata"><img alt="Edit this at Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/10px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/15px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/thumb/8/8a/OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg/20px-OOjs_UI_icon_edit-ltr-progressive.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="20" data-file-height="20" /></a></span></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://viaf.org/viaf/45098268">VIAF</a></span></li><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://id.oclc.org/worldcat/entity/E39PBJgH7BRfyMt9CXCHy69JjC">WorldCat</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">National</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://d-nb.info/gnd/118785850">Germany</a></span></li></ul></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"><ul><li><span class="uid"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" 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