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class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-userpage" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <nav class="vector-appearance-landmark" aria-label="Aspetto"> <div id="vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown " title="Modifica la dimensione, la larghezza e il colore del testo" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-appearance-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Aspetto" > <label id="vector-appearance-dropdown-label" for="vector-appearance-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-appearance mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-appearance"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Aspetto</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-appearance-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-notifications" class="vector-menu mw-portlet emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-vector-user-menu-overflow" class="vector-menu mw-portlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-sitesupport-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" href="//donate.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FundraiserRedirector?utm_source=donate&utm_medium=sidebar&utm_campaign=C13_it.wikipedia.org&uselang=it" class=""><span>Fai una donazione</span></a> </li> <li id="pt-createaccount-2" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item user-links-collapsible-item"><a data-mw="interface" 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href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:CreaUtenza&returnto=Tetrapoda" title="Si consiglia di registrarsi e di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-userAdd mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-userAdd"></span> <span>registrati</span></a></li><li id="pt-login" class="user-links-collapsible-item mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Speciale:Entra&returnto=Tetrapoda" title="Si consiglia di effettuare l'accesso, anche se non è obbligatorio [o]" accesskey="o"><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-logIn mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-logIn"></span> <span>entra</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="p-user-menu-anon-editor" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-user-menu-anon-editor" > <div class="vector-menu-heading"> Pagine per utenti anonimi <a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Benvenuto" aria-label="Ulteriori informazioni sulla contribuzione"><span>ulteriori informazioni</span></a> </div> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="pt-anoncontribs" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieiContributi" title="Un elenco delle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [y]" accesskey="y"><span>contributi</span></a></li><li id="pt-anontalk" class="mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Speciale:MieDiscussioni" title="Discussioni sulle modifiche fatte da questo indirizzo IP [n]" accesskey="n"><span>discussioni</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </header> </div> <div class="mw-page-container"> <div class="mw-page-container-inner"> <div class="vector-sitenotice-container"> <div id="siteNotice"></div> </div> <div class="vector-column-start"> <div class="vector-main-menu-container"> <div id="mw-navigation"> <nav id="mw-panel" class="vector-main-menu-landmark" aria-label="Sito"> <div id="vector-main-menu-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="vector-sticky-pinned-container"> <nav id="mw-panel-toc" aria-label="Indice" data-event-name="ui.sidebar-toc" class="mw-table-of-contents-container vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-toc-pinned-container" class="vector-pinned-container"> <div id="vector-toc" class="vector-toc vector-pinnable-element"> <div class="vector-pinnable-header vector-toc-pinnable-header vector-pinnable-header-pinned" data-feature-name="toc-pinned" data-pinnable-element-id="vector-toc" > <h2 class="vector-pinnable-header-label">Indice</h2> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-pin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.pin">sposta nella barra laterale</button> <button class="vector-pinnable-header-toggle-button vector-pinnable-header-unpin-button" data-event-name="pinnable-header.vector-toc.unpin">nascondi</button> </div> <ul class="vector-toc-contents" id="mw-panel-toc-list"> <li id="toc-mw-content-text" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1"> <a href="#" class="vector-toc-link"> <div class="vector-toc-text">Inizio</div> </a> </li> <li id="toc-Tassonomia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Tassonomia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">1</span> <span>Tassonomia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Tassonomia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Filogenesi" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Filogenesi"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">2</span> <span>Filogenesi</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Filogenesi-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Note" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Note"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">3</span> <span>Note</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Note-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Bibliografia" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Bibliografia"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">4</span> <span>Bibliografia</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Bibliografia-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Voci_correlate" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Voci_correlate"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">5</span> <span>Voci correlate</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Voci_correlate-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Altri_progetti" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Altri_progetti"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">6</span> <span>Altri progetti</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Altri_progetti-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> <li id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni" class="vector-toc-list-item vector-toc-level-1 vector-toc-list-item-expanded"> <a class="vector-toc-link" href="#Collegamenti_esterni"> <div class="vector-toc-text"> <span class="vector-toc-numb">7</span> <span>Collegamenti esterni</span> </div> </a> <ul id="toc-Collegamenti_esterni-sublist" class="vector-toc-list"> </ul> </li> </ul> </div> </div> </nav> </div> </div> <div class="mw-content-container"> <main id="content" class="mw-body"> <header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar"> <nav aria-label="Indice" class="vector-toc-landmark"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown vector-page-titlebar-toc vector-button-flush-left" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-page-titlebar-toc" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Mostra/Nascondi l'indice" > <label id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-label" for="vector-page-titlebar-toc-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--icon-only " aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-listBullet mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-listBullet"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">Mostra/Nascondi l'indice</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="vector-page-titlebar-toc-unpinned-container" class="vector-unpinned-container"> </div> </div> </div> </nav> <h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Tetrapoda</span></h1> <div id="p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown mw-portlet mw-portlet-lang" > <input type="checkbox" id="p-lang-btn-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-p-lang-btn" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox mw-interlanguage-selector" aria-label="Vai a una voce in un'altra lingua. Disponibile in 86 lingue" > <label id="p-lang-btn-label" for="p-lang-btn-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet cdx-button--action-progressive mw-portlet-lang-heading-86" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-icon mw-ui-icon-language-progressive mw-ui-icon-wikimedia-language-progressive"></span> <span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">86 lingue</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-af mw-list-item"><a href="https://af.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - afrikaans" lang="af" hreflang="af" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Afrikaans" data-language-local-name="afrikaans" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Afrikaans</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-als mw-list-item"><a href="https://als.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirbeltiere" title="Landwirbeltiere - tedesco svizzero" lang="gsw" hreflang="gsw" data-title="Landwirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Alemannisch" data-language-local-name="tedesco svizzero" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Alemannisch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-an mw-list-item"><a href="https://an.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - aragonese" lang="an" hreflang="an" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Aragonés" data-language-local-name="aragonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Aragonés</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ar mw-list-item"><a href="https://ar.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B0%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A3%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9" title="ذوات الأربع - arabo" lang="ar" hreflang="ar" data-title="ذوات الأربع" data-language-autonym="العربية" data-language-local-name="arabo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>العربية</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ary mw-list-item"><a href="https://ary.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D9%85%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%A9" title="مولات ربعة - arabo marocchino" lang="ary" hreflang="ary" data-title="مولات ربعة" data-language-autonym="الدارجة" data-language-local-name="arabo marocchino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>الدارجة</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-arz mw-list-item"><a href="https://arz.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%B1%D8%A8%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%81" title="رباعيات الاطراف - arabo egiziano" lang="arz" hreflang="arz" data-title="رباعيات الاطراف" data-language-autonym="مصرى" data-language-local-name="arabo egiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>مصرى</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ast mw-list-item"><a href="https://ast.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - asturiano" lang="ast" hreflang="ast" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Asturianu" data-language-local-name="asturiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Asturianu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-az mw-list-item"><a href="https://az.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%C3%B6rdayaql%C4%B1lar" title="Dördayaqlılar - azerbaigiano" lang="az" hreflang="az" data-title="Dördayaqlılar" data-language-autonym="Azərbaycanca" data-language-local-name="azerbaigiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Azərbaycanca</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-azb mw-list-item"><a href="https://azb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D8%AF%D8%A4%D8%B1%D8%AF%D8%A7%DB%8C%D8%A7%D9%82%E2%80%8C%D9%84%DB%8C%D9%84%D8%A7%D8%B1" title="دؤردایاق‌لیلار - South Azerbaijani" lang="azb" hreflang="azb" data-title="دؤردایاق‌لیلار" data-language-autonym="تۆرکجه" data-language-local-name="South Azerbaijani" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>تۆرکجه</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be mw-list-item"><a href="https://be.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чатырохногія - bielorusso" lang="be" hreflang="be" data-title="Чатырохногія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская" data-language-local-name="bielorusso" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-be-x-old mw-list-item"><a href="https://be-tarask.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B0%D1%82%D1%8B%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%85%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96%D1%8F" title="Чатырохногія - Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" lang="be-tarask" hreflang="be-tarask" data-title="Чатырохногія" data-language-autonym="Беларуская (тарашкевіца)" data-language-local-name="Belarusian (Taraškievica orthography)" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Беларуская (тарашкевіца)</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bg mw-list-item"><a href="https://bg.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BA%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BA%D0%B8" title="Четирикраки - bulgaro" lang="bg" hreflang="bg" data-title="Четирикраки" data-language-autonym="Български" data-language-local-name="bulgaro" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Български</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-bs mw-list-item"><a href="https://bs.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - bosniaco" lang="bs" hreflang="bs" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Bosanski" data-language-local-name="bosniaco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bosanski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ca mw-list-item"><a href="https://ca.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A0podes" title="Tetràpodes - catalano" lang="ca" hreflang="ca" data-title="Tetràpodes" data-language-autonym="Català" data-language-local-name="catalano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Català</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ceb mw-list-item"><a href="https://ceb.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - cebuano" lang="ceb" hreflang="ceb" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Cebuano" data-language-local-name="cebuano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Cebuano</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cs mw-list-item"><a href="https://cs.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cty%C5%99no%C5%BEci" title="Čtyřnožci - ceco" lang="cs" hreflang="cs" data-title="Čtyřnožci" data-language-autonym="Čeština" data-language-local-name="ceco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Čeština</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-cv mw-list-item"><a href="https://cv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%C4%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%82%C4%83_%D1%83%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B8" title="Тăватă уралли - ciuvascio" lang="cv" hreflang="cv" data-title="Тăватă уралли" data-language-autonym="Чӑвашла" data-language-local-name="ciuvascio" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Чӑвашла</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-da mw-list-item"><a href="https://da.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoder" title="Tetrapoder - danese" lang="da" hreflang="da" data-title="Tetrapoder" data-language-autonym="Dansk" data-language-local-name="danese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Dansk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-de mw-list-item"><a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landwirbeltiere" title="Landwirbeltiere - tedesco" lang="de" hreflang="de" data-title="Landwirbeltiere" data-language-autonym="Deutsch" data-language-local-name="tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Deutsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-diq mw-list-item"><a href="https://diq.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87ehar_pay%C4%B1ni" title="Çehar payıni - Zazaki" lang="diq" hreflang="diq" data-title="Çehar payıni" data-language-autonym="Zazaki" data-language-local-name="Zazaki" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zazaki</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-el mw-list-item"><a href="https://el.wikipedia.org/wiki/%CE%A4%CE%B5%CF%84%CF%81%CE%AC%CF%80%CE%BF%CE%B4%CE%B1" title="Τετράποδα - greco" lang="el" hreflang="el" data-title="Τετράποδα" data-language-autonym="Ελληνικά" data-language-local-name="greco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Ελληνικά</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-en mw-list-item"><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod - inglese" lang="en" hreflang="en" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="English" data-language-local-name="inglese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eo mw-list-item"><a href="https://eo.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodoj" title="Tetrapodoj - esperanto" lang="eo" hreflang="eo" data-title="Tetrapodoj" data-language-autonym="Esperanto" data-language-local-name="esperanto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Esperanto</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-es mw-list-item"><a href="https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - spagnolo" lang="es" hreflang="es" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Español" data-language-local-name="spagnolo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Español</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-et mw-list-item"><a href="https://et.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoodid" title="Tetrapoodid - estone" lang="et" hreflang="et" data-title="Tetrapoodid" data-language-autonym="Eesti" data-language-local-name="estone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Eesti</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-eu mw-list-item"><a href="https://eu.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - basco" lang="eu" hreflang="eu" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Euskara" data-language-local-name="basco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Euskara</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fa mw-list-item"><a href="https://fa.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%A7%D9%86" title="چهاراندامان - persiano" lang="fa" hreflang="fa" data-title="چهاراندامان" data-language-autonym="فارسی" data-language-local-name="persiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>فارسی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fi mw-list-item"><a href="https://fi.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - finlandese" lang="fi" hreflang="fi" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Suomi" data-language-local-name="finlandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Suomi</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fr mw-list-item"><a href="https://fr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - francese" lang="fr" hreflang="fr" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Français" data-language-local-name="francese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Français</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frp mw-list-item"><a href="https://frp.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%A8trapodos" title="Tètrapodos - francoprovenzale" lang="frp" hreflang="frp" data-title="Tètrapodos" data-language-autonym="Arpetan" data-language-local-name="francoprovenzale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Arpetan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-frr mw-list-item"><a href="https://frr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lunw%C3%A4%C3%A4rlisdiarten" title="Lunwäärlisdiarten - frisone settentrionale" lang="frr" hreflang="frr" data-title="Lunwäärlisdiarten" data-language-autonym="Nordfriisk" data-language-local-name="frisone settentrionale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nordfriisk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-fy mw-list-item"><a href="https://fy.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fjouwerpoatigen" title="Fjouwerpoatigen - frisone occidentale" lang="fy" hreflang="fy" data-title="Fjouwerpoatigen" data-language-autonym="Frysk" data-language-local-name="frisone occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Frysk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gl mw-list-item"><a href="https://gl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A1podos" title="Tetrápodos - galiziano" lang="gl" hreflang="gl" data-title="Tetrápodos" data-language-autonym="Galego" data-language-local-name="galiziano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Galego</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-gv mw-list-item"><a href="https://gv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiare-chassagh" title="Kiare-chassagh - mannese" lang="gv" hreflang="gv" data-title="Kiare-chassagh" data-language-autonym="Gaelg" data-language-local-name="mannese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Gaelg</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-he mw-list-item"><a href="https://he.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D7%91%D7%A2%D7%9C%D7%99_%D7%90%D7%A8%D7%91%D7%A2_%D7%A8%D7%92%D7%9C%D7%99%D7%99%D7%9D" title="בעלי ארבע רגליים - ebraico" lang="he" hreflang="he" data-title="בעלי ארבע רגליים" data-language-autonym="עברית" data-language-local-name="ebraico" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>עברית</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hi mw-list-item"><a href="https://hi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%A4%9A%E0%A5%8C%E0%A4%AA%E0%A4%BE%E0%A4%AF%E0%A5%87" title="चौपाये - hindi" lang="hi" hreflang="hi" data-title="चौपाये" data-language-autonym="हिन्दी" data-language-local-name="hindi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>हिन्दी</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hr mw-list-item"><a href="https://hr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopneni_kralje%C5%BEnjaci" title="Kopneni kralježnjaci - croato" lang="hr" hreflang="hr" data-title="Kopneni kralježnjaci" data-language-autonym="Hrvatski" data-language-local-name="croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Hrvatski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-hu mw-list-item"><a href="https://hu.wikipedia.org/wiki/N%C3%A9gyl%C3%A1b%C3%BAak" title="Négylábúak - ungherese" lang="hu" hreflang="hu" data-title="Négylábúak" data-language-autonym="Magyar" data-language-local-name="ungherese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Magyar</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ia mw-list-item"><a href="https://ia.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - interlingua" lang="ia" hreflang="ia" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Interlingua" data-language-local-name="interlingua" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Interlingua</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-id mw-list-item"><a href="https://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - indonesiano" lang="id" hreflang="id" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Indonesia" data-language-local-name="indonesiano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Indonesia</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-is mw-list-item"><a href="https://is.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferf%C3%A6tlingar" title="Ferfætlingar - islandese" lang="is" hreflang="is" data-title="Ferfætlingar" data-language-autonym="Íslenska" data-language-local-name="islandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Íslenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ja mw-list-item"><a href="https://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%82%A2%E5%8B%95%E7%89%A9" title="四肢動物 - giapponese" lang="ja" hreflang="ja" data-title="四肢動物" data-language-autonym="日本語" data-language-local-name="giapponese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>日本語</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-jv mw-list-item"><a href="https://jv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - giavanese" lang="jv" hreflang="jv" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Jawa" data-language-local-name="giavanese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Jawa</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kab mw-list-item"><a href="https://kab.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiku%E1%BA%93darin" title="Tikuẓdarin - cabilo" lang="kab" hreflang="kab" data-title="Tikuẓdarin" data-language-autonym="Taqbaylit" data-language-local-name="cabilo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Taqbaylit</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kk mw-list-item"><a href="https://kk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A2%D3%A9%D1%80%D1%82%D0%B0%D1%8F%D2%9B%D1%82%D1%8B%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%80" title="Төртаяқтылар - kazako" lang="kk" hreflang="kk" data-title="Төртаяқтылар" data-language-autonym="Қазақша" data-language-local-name="kazako" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Қазақша</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-kn mw-list-item"><a href="https://kn.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B2%9A%E0%B2%A4%E0%B3%81%E0%B2%B7%E0%B3%8D%E0%B2%AA%E0%B2%BE%E0%B2%A6%E0%B2%BF%E0%B2%97%E0%B2%B3%E0%B3%81" title="ಚತುಷ್ಪಾದಿಗಳು - kannada" lang="kn" hreflang="kn" data-title="ಚತುಷ್ಪಾದಿಗಳು" data-language-autonym="ಕನ್ನಡ" data-language-local-name="kannada" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ಕನ್ನಡ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ko mw-list-item"><a href="https://ko.wikipedia.org/wiki/%EB%84%A4%EB%B0%9C%EB%8F%99%EB%AC%BC" title="네발동물 - coreano" lang="ko" hreflang="ko" data-title="네발동물" data-language-autonym="한국어" data-language-local-name="coreano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>한국어</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-la mw-list-item"><a href="https://la.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - latino" lang="la" hreflang="la" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Latina" data-language-local-name="latino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-li mw-list-item"><a href="https://li.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerveuters" title="Veerveuters - limburghese" lang="li" hreflang="li" data-title="Veerveuters" data-language-autonym="Limburgs" data-language-local-name="limburghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Limburgs</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lt mw-list-item"><a href="https://lt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keturkojai" title="Keturkojai - lituano" lang="lt" hreflang="lt" data-title="Keturkojai" data-language-autonym="Lietuvių" data-language-local-name="lituano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Lietuvių</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-lv mw-list-item"><a href="https://lv.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cetrk%C4%81jai%C5%86i" title="Četrkājaiņi - lettone" lang="lv" hreflang="lv" data-title="Četrkājaiņi" data-language-autonym="Latviešu" data-language-local-name="lettone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Latviešu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mk mw-list-item"><a href="https://mk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%88%D1%86%D0%B8" title="Четириношци - macedone" lang="mk" hreflang="mk" data-title="Четириношци" data-language-autonym="Македонски" data-language-local-name="macedone" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Македонски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ml mw-list-item"><a href="https://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%86%E0%B4%9F%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8B%E0%B4%A1%E0%B5%8D" title="ടെട്രാപോഡ് - malayalam" lang="ml" hreflang="ml" data-title="ടെട്രാപോഡ്" data-language-autonym="മലയാളം" data-language-local-name="malayalam" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>മലയാളം</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-mrj mw-list-item"><a href="https://mrj.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9D%D3%B9%D0%BB_%D1%8F%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B2%D0%BB%D3%93" title="Нӹл яланвлӓ - mari occidentale" lang="mrj" hreflang="mrj" data-title="Нӹл яланвлӓ" data-language-autonym="Кырык мары" data-language-local-name="mari occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Кырык мары</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ms mw-list-item"><a href="https://ms.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod - malese" lang="ms" hreflang="ms" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Bahasa Melayu" data-language-local-name="malese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Bahasa Melayu</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-my mw-list-item"><a href="https://my.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E1%80%81%E1%80%BC%E1%80%B1%E1%80%9C%E1%80%B1%E1%80%B8%E1%80%81%E1%80%BB%E1%80%B1%E1%80%AC%E1%80%84%E1%80%BA%E1%80%B8_%E1%80%9E%E1%80%90%E1%80%B9%E1%80%90%E1%80%9D%E1%80%AB" title="ခြေလေးချောင်း သတ္တဝါ - birmano" lang="my" hreflang="my" data-title="ခြေလေးချောင်း သတ္တဝါ" data-language-autonym="မြန်မာဘာသာ" data-language-local-name="birmano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>မြန်မာဘာသာ</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nds mw-list-item"><a href="https://nds.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veerf%C3%B6%C3%B6t" title="Veerfööt - basso tedesco" lang="nds" hreflang="nds" data-title="Veerfööt" data-language-autonym="Plattdüütsch" data-language-local-name="basso tedesco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Plattdüütsch</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nl mw-list-item"><a href="https://nl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viervoeters_(biologie)" title="Viervoeters (biologie) - olandese" lang="nl" hreflang="nl" data-title="Viervoeters (biologie)" data-language-autonym="Nederlands" data-language-local-name="olandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Nederlands</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-nn mw-list-item"><a href="https://nn.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodar" title="Tetrapodar - norvegese nynorsk" lang="nn" hreflang="nn" data-title="Tetrapodar" data-language-autonym="Norsk nynorsk" data-language-local-name="norvegese nynorsk" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk nynorsk</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-no mw-list-item"><a href="https://no.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firbente_virveldyr" title="Firbente virveldyr - norvegese bokmål" lang="nb" hreflang="nb" data-title="Firbente virveldyr" data-language-autonym="Norsk bokmål" data-language-local-name="norvegese bokmål" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Norsk bokmål</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-oc mw-list-item"><a href="https://oc.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - occitano" lang="oc" hreflang="oc" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Occitan" data-language-local-name="occitano" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Occitan</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pl mw-list-item"><a href="https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czworonogi" title="Czworonogi - polacco" lang="pl" hreflang="pl" data-title="Czworonogi" data-language-autonym="Polski" data-language-local-name="polacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Polski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pnb mw-list-item"><a href="https://pnb.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%BE%DB%8C%D8%B1%DB%92" title="چارپیرے - Western Punjabi" lang="pnb" hreflang="pnb" data-title="چارپیرے" data-language-autonym="پنجابی" data-language-local-name="Western Punjabi" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پنجابی</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ps mw-list-item"><a href="https://ps.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%85%D9%84%D9%88%D8%B1_%D9%BE%DA%9A%DB%90_%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%86%DA%A9%D9%8A_%DA%98%D9%88%D9%8A" title="څلور پښې لرونکي ژوي - pashto" lang="ps" hreflang="ps" data-title="څلور پښې لرونکي ژوي" data-language-autonym="پښتو" data-language-local-name="pashto" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>پښتو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-pt mw-list-item"><a href="https://pt.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetr%C3%A1podes" title="Tetrápodes - portoghese" lang="pt" hreflang="pt" data-title="Tetrápodes" data-language-autonym="Português" data-language-local-name="portoghese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Português</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ro mw-list-item"><a href="https://ro.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapode" title="Tetrapode - rumeno" lang="ro" hreflang="ro" data-title="Tetrapode" data-language-autonym="Română" data-language-local-name="rumeno" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Română</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ru mw-list-item"><a href="https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%B8%D0%B5" title="Четвероногие - russo" lang="ru" hreflang="ru" data-title="Четвероногие" data-language-autonym="Русский" data-language-local-name="russo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Русский</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sco mw-list-item"><a href="https://sco.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod - scozzese" lang="sco" hreflang="sco" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Scots" data-language-local-name="scozzese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Scots</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sh mw-list-item"><a href="https://sh.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodi" title="Tetrapodi - serbo-croato" lang="sh" hreflang="sh" data-title="Tetrapodi" data-language-autonym="Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски" data-language-local-name="serbo-croato" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Srpskohrvatski / српскохрватски</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-simple mw-list-item"><a href="https://simple.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapod" title="Tetrapod - Simple English" lang="en-simple" hreflang="en-simple" data-title="Tetrapod" data-language-autonym="Simple English" data-language-local-name="Simple English" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Simple English</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sk mw-list-item"><a href="https://sk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tvorno%C5%BEce" title="Štvornožce - slovacco" lang="sk" hreflang="sk" data-title="Štvornožce" data-language-autonym="Slovenčina" data-language-local-name="slovacco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Slovenčina</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sr mw-list-item"><a href="https://sr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapodi" title="Tetrapodi - serbo" lang="sr" hreflang="sr" data-title="Tetrapodi" data-language-autonym="Српски / srpski" data-language-local-name="serbo" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Српски / srpski</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-sv mw-list-item"><a href="https://sv.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - svedese" lang="sv" hreflang="sv" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Svenska" data-language-local-name="svedese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Svenska</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ta mw-list-item"><a href="https://ta.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%AE%A8%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B1%E0%AF%8D%E0%AE%95%E0%AE%BE%E0%AE%B2%E0%AE%BF_(%E0%AE%89%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%B0%E0%AE%BF%E0%AE%AF%E0%AE%B2%E0%AF%8D)" title="நாற்காலி (உயிரியல்) - tamil" lang="ta" hreflang="ta" data-title="நாற்காலி (உயிரியல்)" data-language-autonym="தமிழ்" data-language-local-name="tamil" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>தமிழ்</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-th mw-list-item"><a href="https://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B9%80%E0%B8%97%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%9E%E0%B8%AD%E0%B8%94" title="เทเทรอพอด - thailandese" lang="th" hreflang="th" data-title="เทเทรอพอด" data-language-autonym="ไทย" data-language-local-name="thailandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>ไทย</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tl mw-list-item"><a href="https://tl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - tagalog" lang="tl" hreflang="tl" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Tagalog" data-language-local-name="tagalog" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tagalog</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-tr mw-list-item"><a href="https://tr.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - turco" lang="tr" hreflang="tr" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Türkçe" data-language-local-name="turco" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Türkçe</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-uk mw-list-item"><a href="https://uk.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A7%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D1%96" title="Чотириногі - ucraino" lang="uk" hreflang="uk" data-title="Чотириногі" data-language-autonym="Українська" data-language-local-name="ucraino" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Українська</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-ur mw-list-item"><a href="https://ur.wikipedia.org/wiki/%DA%86%D9%88%D9%BE%D8%A7%D8%A6%DB%92" title="چوپائے - urdu" lang="ur" hreflang="ur" data-title="چوپائے" data-language-autonym="اردو" data-language-local-name="urdu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>اردو</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vi mw-list-item"><a href="https://vi.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BB%99ng_v%E1%BA%ADt_b%E1%BB%91n_ch%C3%A2n" title="Động vật bốn chân - vietnamita" lang="vi" hreflang="vi" data-title="Động vật bốn chân" data-language-autonym="Tiếng Việt" data-language-local-name="vietnamita" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Tiếng Việt</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-vls mw-list-item"><a href="https://vls.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viervoeters" title="Viervoeters - fiammingo occidentale" lang="vls" hreflang="vls" data-title="Viervoeters" data-language-autonym="West-Vlams" data-language-local-name="fiammingo occidentale" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>West-Vlams</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-war mw-list-item"><a href="https://war.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Tetrapoda - waray" lang="war" hreflang="war" data-title="Tetrapoda" data-language-autonym="Winaray" data-language-local-name="waray" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Winaray</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-wuu mw-list-item"><a href="https://wuu.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%B1%BB" title="四足类 - wu" lang="wuu" hreflang="wuu" data-title="四足类" data-language-autonym="吴语" data-language-local-name="wu" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>吴语</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zea mw-list-item"><a href="https://zea.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vierpo%C3%B4ters" title="Vierpoôters - zelandese" lang="zea" hreflang="zea" data-title="Vierpoôters" data-language-autonym="Zeêuws" data-language-local-name="zelandese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>Zeêuws</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E9%A1%9E" title="四足類 - cinese" lang="zh" hreflang="zh" data-title="四足類" data-language-autonym="中文" data-language-local-name="cinese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>中文</span></a></li><li class="interlanguage-link interwiki-zh-yue mw-list-item"><a href="https://zh-yue.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E5%9B%9B%E8%B6%B3%E7%B8%BD%E7%B6%B1" title="四足總綱 - cantonese" lang="yue" hreflang="yue" data-title="四足總綱" data-language-autonym="粵語" data-language-local-name="cantonese" class="interlanguage-link-target"><span>粵語</span></a></li> </ul> <div class="after-portlet after-portlet-lang"><span class="wb-langlinks-edit wb-langlinks-link"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Special:EntityPage/Q19159#sitelinks-wikipedia" title="Modifica collegamenti interlinguistici" class="wbc-editpage">Modifica collegamenti</a></span></div> </div> </div> </div> </header> <div class="vector-page-toolbar"> <div class="vector-page-toolbar-container"> <div id="left-navigation"> <nav aria-label="Namespace"> <div id="p-associated-pages" class="vector-menu vector-menu-tabs mw-portlet mw-portlet-associated-pages" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> <ul class="vector-menu-content-list"> <li id="ca-nstab-main" class="selected vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/wiki/Tetrapoda" title="Vedi la voce [c]" accesskey="c"><span>Voce</span></a></li><li id="ca-talk" class="new vector-tab-noicon mw-list-item"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Discussione:Tetrapoda&action=edit&redlink=1" rel="discussion" class="new" title="Vedi le discussioni relative a questa pagina (la pagina non esiste) [t]" accesskey="t"><span>Discussione</span></a></li> </ul> </div> </div> <div id="vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown emptyPortlet" > <input type="checkbox" id="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" role="button" aria-haspopup="true" data-event-name="ui.dropdown-vector-variants-dropdown" class="vector-dropdown-checkbox " aria-label="Cambia versione linguistica" > <label id="vector-variants-dropdown-label" for="vector-variants-dropdown-checkbox" class="vector-dropdown-label cdx-button cdx-button--fake-button cdx-button--fake-button--enabled cdx-button--weight-quiet" aria-hidden="true" ><span class="vector-dropdown-label-text">italiano</span> </label> <div class="vector-dropdown-content"> <div id="p-variants" class="vector-menu mw-portlet mw-portlet-variants emptyPortlet" > <div class="vector-menu-content"> 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lang="it" dir="ltr"><table class="infobox sinottico" summary="Tabella sinottica che riassume i principali dati del soggetto" style="width:230px"><tbody><tr class="sinottico_testata"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: pink; color: black;"><div class="noprint" style="position:relative; float:right; font-size:70%;"><figure class="mw-default-size noresize" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Come leggere il tassobox"><img alt="Come leggere il tassobox" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/16px-Information-silk.svg.png" decoding="async" width="16" height="16" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/24px-Information-silk.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/51/Information-silk.svg/32px-Information-silk.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="16" data-file-height="16" usemap="#ImageMap_37fb70b5d7ceee19" /></span><map name="ImageMap_37fb70b5d7ceee19"><area href="/wiki/Progetto:Forme_di_vita/Come_leggere_il_tassobox" shape="rect" coords="0,0,50,50" alt="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" title="Progetto:Forme di vita/Come leggere il tassobox" /></map><figcaption>Come leggere il tassobox</figcaption></figure></div>Tetrapodi</th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2"><figure class="mw-halign-center" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="/wiki/File:Extant_tetrapoda.jpg" class="mw-file-description"><img src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/220px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg" decoding="async" width="220" height="162" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/330px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/66/Extant_tetrapoda.jpg/440px-Extant_tetrapoda.jpg 2x" data-file-width="945" data-file-height="697" /></a><figcaption></figcaption></figure>Rappresentanti dei gruppi esistenti di tetrapoda, (in senso orario dall'alto verso il basso): una <i><a href="/wiki/Rana" title="Rana">rana</a></i> (genere <i><a href="/wiki/Pelophylax" title="Pelophylax">Pelophylax</a></i>, un <a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">lissamphibio</a>), un'<a href="/wiki/Hoatzin" class="mw-redirect" title="Hoatzin">hoatzin</a>, uno <a href="/wiki/Scincidae" title="Scincidae">scinco</a> (due <a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">sauropsidi</a>), e un <a href="/wiki/Topo" class="mw-redirect" title="Topo">topo</a> (un <a href="/wiki/Sinapside" class="mw-redirect" title="Sinapside">sinapside</a>)</td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: pink; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Classificazione_scientifica" title="Classificazione scientifica">Classificazione scientifica</a></th></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Dominio_(biologia)" title="Dominio (biologia)">Dominio</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Eukaryota" title="Eukaryota">Eukaryota</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal; width:50%"><a href="/wiki/Regno_(biologia)" title="Regno (biologia)">Regno</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Animalia" title="Animalia">Animalia</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Phylum" title="Phylum">Phylum</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Chordata" title="Chordata">Chordata</a> </td></tr><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal"><small>(<a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">clado</a>)</small></th><td><a href="/wiki/Craniata" title="Craniata">Craniata</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Subphylum" title="Subphylum">Subphylum</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">Vertebrata</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Infraphylum" title="Infraphylum">Infraphylum</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata">Gnathostomata</a> </td></tr><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal"><small><a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">Clado</a></small></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gnathostomata" title="Gnathostomata">Eugnathostomata</a> </td></tr><tr> <th style="font-weight:normal"><small><a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">Clado</a></small></th><td><a href="/wiki/Teleostomi" title="Teleostomi">Teleostomi</a> </td></tr><tr><th style="font-weight:normal"><a href="/wiki/Superclasse_(tassonomia)" title="Superclasse (tassonomia)">Superclasse</a></th><td><b>Tetrapoda</b> <br /><span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Gaffney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Gaffney (la pagina non esiste)">Gaffney</a></span>, 1930 </td></tr><tr class="sinottico_divisione"><th colspan="2" style="background-color: pink; color: black;"><a href="/wiki/Sottogruppo" title="Sottogruppo">Sottogruppi</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sinottico_testo_centrale" colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Batrachomorpha" title="Batrachomorpha">Batrachomorpha</a> / <a href="/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">Lissamphibia</a> (gruppo corona)</li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Reptiliomorpha" title="Reptiliomorpha">Reptiliomorpha</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Amniota" title="Amniota">Amniota</a> (gruppo corona) <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a></li></ul></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Sauropsida" title="Sauropsida">Sauropsida</a> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">Aves</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Loricata" title="Loricata">Loricata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Testudinata" class="mw-redirect" title="Testudinata">Testudinata</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Lepidosauria" title="Lepidosauria">Lepidosauria</a></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> </div> </td></tr></tbody></table> <p>I <b>tetrapodi</b> (<b>Tetrapoda</b> <span style="font-variant:small-caps"><a href="/w/index.php?title=Eugene_Gaffney&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Eugene Gaffney (la pagina non esiste)">Gaffney</a></span>, <a href="/wiki/1979" title="1979">1979</a>) sono la <a href="/wiki/Superclasse_(tassonomia)" title="Superclasse (tassonomia)">superclasse</a> di <a href="/wiki/Vertebrata" title="Vertebrata">vertebrati</a>, che presentano quattro arti, in alcuni casi scomparsi durante l'evoluzione. </p> <meta property="mw:PageProp/toc" /> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Tassonomia">Tassonomia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=1" title="Modifica la sezione Tassonomia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=1" title="Edit section's source code: Tassonomia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>In generale i tetrapodi sono terrestri, più o meno adattati alla vita in <a href="/w/index.php?title=Ambiente_subaereo&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Ambiente subaereo (la pagina non esiste)">ambiente subaereo</a>, con l'eccezione di gruppi ritornati alla vita acquatica. Comprendono quattro <a href="/wiki/Classe_(tassonomia)" title="Classe (tassonomia)">classi</a> viventi, più una estinta: </p> <ul><li>Classe Anfibi (<i><a href="/wiki/Amphibia" title="Amphibia">Amphibia</a></i>)</li> <li><a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">Clado</a> Amnioti <i><a href="/wiki/Amniota" title="Amniota">Amniota</a></i> <ul><li>Clado Sinapsidi (<i><a href="/wiki/Synapsida" title="Synapsida">Synapsida</a></i>) <ul><li>Classe Mammiferi (<i><a href="/wiki/Mammalia" title="Mammalia">Mammalia</a></i>)</li></ul></li> <li>Classe Rettili (<i><a href="/wiki/Reptilia" title="Reptilia">Reptilia</a></i>) <ul><li>Classe Uccelli (<i><a href="/wiki/Aves" title="Aves">Aves</a></i>)</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul> <p>Le classi <a href="/wiki/Linneo" title="Linneo">linneane</a> dei <i>Rettili</i> e degli <i>Uccelli</i> in <a href="/wiki/Filogenesi" title="Filogenesi">filogenesi</a> fanno parte dello stesso clado e vengono anche chiamati collettivamente <i><a href="/wiki/Sauropsidi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sauropsidi">Sauropsidi</a></i><sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, i mammiferi cladisticamente sono un sottogruppo dei sinapsidi<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>, mentre gli Anfibi sono una classe valida (monofiletica) solamente se comprendente solo le <a href="/wiki/Lissamphibia" title="Lissamphibia">specie attuali</a> più i loro antenati comuni (la cui identità è tuttora dibattuta)<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Filogenesi">Filogenesi</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=2" title="Modifica la sezione Filogenesi" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=2" title="Edit section's source code: Filogenesi"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <p>Nel corso del <a href="/wiki/Devoniano_superiore" title="Devoniano superiore">Devoniano superiore</a>, circa 365 milioni di anni fa, vi fu una vera e propria <a href="/wiki/Radiazione_evolutiva" class="mw-redirect" title="Radiazione evolutiva">radiazione evolutiva</a> di tetrapodi primitivi. Si pensa che questi animali potessero essersi originati da un particolare gruppo di pesci dalle pinne carnose noti come <a href="/wiki/Tetrapodomorfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Tetrapodomorfi">tetrapodomorfi</a>, dalle caratteristiche intermedie tra pesci e anfibi. Tra questi, <i><a href="/wiki/Panderichthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Panderichthys">Panderichthys</a></i> era probabilmente un abitatore dei fondali, mentre sembra che <i><a href="/wiki/Tiktaalik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiktaalik">Tiktaalik</a></i> fosse un abituale frequentatore delle terre emerse. </p><p>Le affinità tra i primi tetrapodi e i tetrapodomorfi sono date dalla simile struttura delle <a href="/wiki/Osso" title="Osso">ossa</a> del <a href="/wiki/Cranio" title="Cranio">cranio</a>, dai <a href="/wiki/Dente" title="Dente">denti</a> di tipo "labirintodonte", dalla presenza di <a href="/wiki/Coana" title="Coana">coane</a> e <a href="/wiki/Polmone" title="Polmone">sacche polmonari</a> e dall'<a href="/wiki/Arto" title="Arto">arto</a> tetrapodo facilmente riconducibile all'<a href="/wiki/Archipterigio" title="Archipterigio">archipterigio</a> monoseriato dei tetrapodomorfi. </p><p>I primi veri tetrapodi si svilupparono in una varietà di adattamenti: in <a href="/wiki/Groenlandia" title="Groenlandia">Groenlandia</a> sono stati ritrovati i fossili di <i><a href="/wiki/Acanthostega" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthostega">Acanthostega</a></i>, che possedeva zampe a otto dita e sembra vivesse prevalentemente sul fondale, e di <i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyostega" title="Ichthyostega">Ichthyostega</a></i>, che possedeva zampe robuste e uno scheletro solido tale da permettergli spostamenti sulla terraferma. Un'altra forma, il <a href="/wiki/Nordamerica" class="mw-redirect" title="Nordamerica">nordamericano</a> <i><a href="/wiki/Hynerpeton" class="mw-redirect" title="Hynerpeton">Hynerpeton</a></i>, forse si comportava allo stesso modo di <i>Ichthyostega</i>, mentre <i><a href="/wiki/Tulerpeton" class="mw-redirect" title="Tulerpeton">Tulerpeton</a></i> della <a href="/wiki/Russia" title="Russia">Russia</a> era probabilmente un abitatore degli acquitrini più densi, in cui si districava con le robuste zampe. In <a href="/wiki/Scozia" title="Scozia">Scozia</a> e in <a href="/wiki/Lettonia" title="Lettonia">Lettonia</a>, in livelli un poco più antichi, sono stati ritrovati i fossili di <i><a href="/wiki/Elginerpeton" class="mw-redirect" title="Elginerpeton">Elginerpeton</a></i> e <i><a href="/wiki/Obruchevichthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Obruchevichthys">Obruchevichthys</a></i>, due animali dalle caratteristiche intermedie tra tetrapodomorfi e tetrapodi, possibili esponenti di un'ulteriore <a href="/wiki/Clado" title="Clado">radiazione</a> evolutiva estintasi presto senza lasciare discendenti. </p> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140555421">.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento{border:1px solid var(--border-color-subtle,#c8ccd1);background-color:var(--background-color-interactive-subtle,#f8f9fa);padding:2px;box-sizing:border-box}@media all and (max-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento{width:100%!important}}@media all and (min-width:720px){.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-sinistra{clear:left;float:left;margin-right:10px;margin-left:0}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-centro{margin-left:auto;margin-right:auto}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-destra{clear:right;float:right;margin-left:10px}}.mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione{background:#C3D0DF;padding:2px;text-align:center}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione{background-color:var(--background-color-neutral,#27292d)}}</style><div role="complementary" class="itwiki-template-approfondimento itwiki-template-approfondimento-destra" style="width:350px;" id="Vertebrati_del_tardo_Devoniano"> <div class="itwiki-template-approfondimento-intestazione"><b>Vertebrati del tardo Devoniano</b></div> <div style="margin: 0.4em 0; font-size:95%"> <p><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="/wiki/File:Fishapods.svg" class="mw-file-description" title="Vertebrati del tardo Devoniano"><img alt="Vertebrati del tardo Devoniano" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Fishapods.svg/380px-Fishapods.svg.png" decoding="async" width="380" height="194" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Fishapods.svg/570px-Fishapods.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/af/Fishapods.svg/760px-Fishapods.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1232" data-file-height="630" /></a></span> </p><p>Nella radiazione dei vertebrati del tardo <a href="/wiki/Devoniano" title="Devoniano">Devoniano</a>, i discendenti dei pesci <a href="/wiki/Sarcopterigi" class="mw-redirect" title="Sarcopterigi">sarcopterigi</a> di mare (come <i><a href="/wiki/Eusthenopteron" title="Eusthenopteron">Eusthenopteron</a></i>) svilupparono una serie di adattamenti: </p> <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Panderichthys" class="mw-redirect" title="Panderichthys">Panderichthys</a></i>, adattatosi agli acquitrini;</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Tiktaalik" class="mw-redirect" title="Tiktaalik">Tiktaalik</a></i>, con pinne simili a zampe con cui poteva camminare sulla terra;</li> <li>Antichi tetrapodi in paludi piene di vegetali, come: <ul><li><i><a href="/wiki/Acanthostega" class="mw-redirect" title="Acanthostega">Acanthostega</a></i>, che possedeva zampe con otto dita,</li> <li><i><a href="/wiki/Ichthyostega" title="Ichthyostega">Ichthyostega</a></i>, con zampe ben sviluppate.</li></ul></li></ul> <p>Altri discendenti includono anche forme marine dotate di pinne carnose, come i <a href="/wiki/Coelacanthiformes" title="Coelacanthiformes">celacanti</a>. </p> </div> </div> <p>Molti di questi animali, un tempo, erano considerati veri <a href="/wiki/Anfibi" class="mw-redirect" title="Anfibi">anfibi</a>; l'opinione corrente, in ogni caso, è che questi tetrapodi primitivi possedessero caratteristiche troppo primitive per poter essere considerati veri anfibi, e alcuni di essi si estinsero senza lasciare discendenti. Si pensa che gli anfibi propriamente detti comparvero qualche milione di anni dopo, nel corso del <a href="/wiki/Carbonifero_inferiore" class="mw-redirect" title="Carbonifero inferiore">Carbonifero inferiore</a>. Tra i vari gruppi di animali simili ad anfibi sviluppatisi nel corso del Carbonifero si annoverano gli arcaici <a href="/wiki/Whatcheeriidae" title="Whatcheeriidae">whatcheeridi</a> (tra i più antichi vertebrati compiutamente terrestri), i <a href="/wiki/Colosteidae" title="Colosteidae">colosteidi</a> dal corpo allungato, i <a href="/wiki/Baphetidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Baphetidae">bafetidi</a> (dotati di una misteriosa struttura orbitale anteriore) e il bizzarro <i><a href="/wiki/Crassigyrinus" class="mw-redirect" title="Crassigyrinus">Crassigyrinus</a></i>. </p><p>Nel corso del Carbonifero apparvero anche animali che strutturalmente preannunciavano già i rettili, e per questo classificati all'interno del gruppo dei <a href="/wiki/Rettiliomorfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Rettiliomorfi">rettiliomorfi</a>: tra i vari gruppi si annoverano i <a href="/wiki/Seymouriamorfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Seymouriamorfi">seymouriamorfi</a> (un tempo ritenuti veri rettili), i <a href="/wiki/Diadectomorfi" class="mw-redirect" title="Diadectomorfi">diadectomorfi</a> (che comprendevano i più antichi erbivori di terraferma), i terrestri <a href="/wiki/Gephyrostegus_bohemicus" title="Gephyrostegus bohemicus">gefirostegidi</a>, gli acquatici <a href="/wiki/Embolomeri" title="Embolomeri">embolomeri</a> e una varietà di forme dall'incerta classificazione (<i><a href="/wiki/Solenodonsaurus" class="mw-redirect" title="Solenodonsaurus">Solenodonsaurus</a></i>, <i><a href="/wiki/Westlothiana" class="mw-redirect" title="Westlothiana">Westlothiana</a>, <a href="/wiki/Casineria" class="mw-redirect" title="Casineria">Casineria</a>, <a href="/wiki/Eldeceeon" class="mw-redirect" title="Eldeceeon">Eldeceeon</a>, <a href="/wiki/Silvanerpeton" class="mw-redirect" title="Silvanerpeton">Silvanerpeton</a></i>). I bizzarri <a href="/wiki/Croniosuchi" class="mw-redirect" title="Croniosuchi">croniosuchi</a> simili a coccodrilli, conosciuti però a partire dal Permiano, potrebbero appartenere a questa radiazione evolutiva. Verso la fine del Carbonifero si svilupparono anche i primi rettili: <i><a href="/wiki/Hylonomus" class="mw-redirect" title="Hylonomus">Hylonomus</a></i>, il più antico rettile noto, risale a circa 315 - 312 milioni di anni fa. </p><p>La spinta <a href="/wiki/Selezione_naturale" title="Selezione naturale">selettiva</a> che avrebbe incoraggiato i primi anfibi ad approdare nell'ambiente terrestre si crede sia stata o la grande ricchezza di cibo rappresentata dagli <a href="/wiki/Insetti" class="mw-redirect" title="Insetti">insetti</a>, che già abbondavano nelle sconfinate terre emerse, o l'esigenza di ricercare nuovi ambienti acquatici nei periodi di siccità. </p><p>Oltre alla comparsa degli arti, le modificazioni principali per l'adattamento subaereo consistettero nell'irrobustimento della struttura <a href="/wiki/Scheletro_(anatomia)" title="Scheletro (anatomia)">scheletrica</a> per contrastare la <a href="/wiki/Forza_di_gravit%C3%A0" class="mw-redirect" title="Forza di gravità">forza di gravità</a>, con la <a href="/wiki/Colonna_vertebrale" title="Colonna vertebrale">colonna vertebrale</a> che si fuse nella <a href="/w/index.php?title=Regione_sacrale&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Regione sacrale (la pagina non esiste)">regione sacrale</a> con il <a href="/wiki/Cinto_pelvico" class="mw-redirect" title="Cinto pelvico">cinto pelvico</a> per sostenere gli arti posteriori. Il problema della <a href="/wiki/Disidratazione" title="Disidratazione">disidratazione</a> fu risolto con la perdita delle <a href="/wiki/Scaglia" title="Scaglia">scaglie</a>, sostituite dalle <a href="/wiki/Squama" title="Squama">squame</a>, composte da uno strato corneo di <a href="/wiki/Cheratina" title="Cheratina">cheratina</a> che ricoprì la <a href="/wiki/Cute" class="mw-redirect" title="Cute">cute</a>. La <a href="/wiki/Respirazione_(fisiologia_comparata)" title="Respirazione (fisiologia comparata)">respirazione</a> aerea, invece, era già stata adottata dai Ripidisti, che vivevano in ambienti asfittici esposti a periodi di siccità, e con la quale coadiuvavano la respirazione branchiale. </p><p>Nonostante queste modificazioni, la dipendenza dall'ambiente acquatico non è mai stata del tutto eliminata dagli Anfibi che, essendo <a href="/w/index.php?title=Anamni&action=edit&redlink=1" class="new" title="Anamni (la pagina non esiste)">anamni</a>, producono <a href="/wiki/Uovo_(biologia)" title="Uovo (biologia)">uova</a> che non possono sopravvivere nell'ambiente terrestre, poiché disseccano facilmente. L'abbandono definitivo si ebbe con la comparsa dei Rettili, <a href="/wiki/Amnioti" class="mw-redirect" title="Amnioti">amnioti</a> da cui ebbero origine gli Uccelli ed i Mammiferi, dove la presenza di due nuove strutture nell'uovo, l'<a href="/wiki/Amnios" title="Amnios">amnios</a> e l'<a href="/wiki/Allantoide" title="Allantoide">allantoide</a>, ne permette lo sviluppo fuori dall'acqua. </p> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Note">Note</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=3" title="Modifica la sezione Note" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=3" title="Edit section's source code: Note"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div class="mw-references-wrap"><ol class="references"> <li id="cite_note-1"><a href="#cite_ref-1"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">appartenendo gli Uccelli ad un gruppo di Dinosauri (i <a href="/wiki/Maniraptora" title="Maniraptora">Maniraptori</a>), essi automaticamente appartengono anche alla linea evolutiva dei Rettili, che altrimenti sarebbe <a href="/wiki/Parafiletico" class="mw-redirect" title="Parafiletico">parafiletica</a></span> </li> <li id="cite_note-2"><a href="#cite_ref-2"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">per lo stesso motivo degli Uccelli nei confronti dei Rettili</span> </li> <li id="cite_note-3"><a href="#cite_ref-3"><b>^</b></a> <span class="reference-text">quindi i Tetrapodi primitivi (<i>Acanthostega</i>, <i>Ichthyostega</i>, etc.), gli <a href="/wiki/Anthracosauria" class="mw-redirect" title="Anthracosauria">antracosauri</a>, etc. (e i <a href="/wiki/Temnospondyli" title="Temnospondyli">Temnospondyli</a> o i <a href="/wiki/Lepospondyli" title="Lepospondyli">Lepospondyli</a>, entrambi sospetti antenati dei moderni anfibi) secondi i rigorosi criteri della cladistica non sono da ascrivere al clado Amphibia</span> </li> </ol></div> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Bibliografia">Bibliografia</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=4" title="Modifica la sezione Bibliografia" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=4" title="Edit section's source code: Bibliografia"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li>Pennisi E. (25 gennaio 2013) - Eating Was Tough For Early Tetrapods. <i>Science</i> <b>339</b>(6118): 390-391. <a href="/wiki/Digital_object_identifier" title="Digital object identifier">DOI</a>: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://dx.doi.org/10.1126%2Fscience.339.6118.390">10.1126/science.339.6118.390</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Voci_correlate">Voci correlate</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=5" title="Modifica la sezione Voci correlate" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=5" title="Edit section's source code: Voci correlate"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Loxommatidae" class="mw-redirect" title="Loxommatidae">Loxommatidae</a></li> <li><a href="/wiki/Whatcheeriidae" title="Whatcheeriidae">Whatcheeriidae</a></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Altri_progetti">Altri progetti</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=6" title="Modifica la sezione Altri progetti" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=6" title="Edit section's source code: Altri progetti"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <div id="interProject" class="toccolours" style="display: none; clear: both; margin-top: 2em"><p id="sisterProjects" style="background-color: #efefef; color: black; font-weight: bold; margin: 0"><span>Altri progetti</span></p><ul title="Collegamenti verso gli altri progetti Wikimedia"> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="commons:Category:Tetrapoda"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tetrapoda?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span></li> <li class="" title=""><span class="plainlinks" title="wikispecies:Tetrapoda"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda?uselang=it">Wikispecies</a></span></li></ul></div> <ul><li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons"><img alt="Collabora a Wikimedia Commons" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/18px-Commons-logo.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="24" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/27px-Commons-logo.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4a/Commons-logo.svg/36px-Commons-logo.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="1024" data-file-height="1376" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikimedia Commons</a></span> contiene immagini o altri file su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Tetrapoda?uselang=it">Tetrapoda</a></span></b></li> <li><span typeof="mw:File"><a href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it" title="Collabora a Wikispecies"><img alt="Collabora a Wikispecies" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/18px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png" decoding="async" width="18" height="22" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/27px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2e/WikiSpecies_notext.svg/36px-WikiSpecies_notext.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="106" data-file-height="129" /></a></span> <span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/?uselang=it">Wikispecies</a></span> contiene informazioni su <b><span class="plainlinks"><a class="external text" href="https://species.wikimedia.org/wiki/Tetrapoda?uselang=it">Tetrapoda</a></span></b></li></ul> <div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Collegamenti_esterni">Collegamenti esterni</h2><span class="mw-editsection"><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">[</span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&veaction=edit&section=7" title="Modifica la sezione Collegamenti esterni" class="mw-editsection-visualeditor"><span>modifica</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-divider"> | </span><a href="/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&action=edit&section=7" title="Edit section's source code: Collegamenti esterni"><span>modifica wikitesto</span></a><span class="mw-editsection-bracket">]</span></span></div> <ul><li class="mw-empty-elt"></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFBritannica.com" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) George R. Zug, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.britannica.com/animal/tetrapod-animal"><span style="font-style:italic;">tetrapod</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;"><a href="/wiki/Enciclopedia_Britannica" title="Enciclopedia Britannica">Enciclopedia Britannica</a></span>, Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159#P1417" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li> <li><cite id="CITEREFFossilworks.org" class="citation web" style="font-style:normal">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; font-size:80%"><abbr title="inglese">EN</abbr></span>) <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.fossilworks.org/cgi-bin/bridge.pl?a=taxonInfo&taxon_no=137279"><span style="font-style:italic;">Tetrapoda</span></a>, su <span style="font-style:italic;">Fossilworks.org</span>.</cite> <span class="mw-valign-text-top noprint" typeof="mw:File/Frameless"><a href="https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19159#P842" title="Modifica su Wikidata"><img alt="Modifica su Wikidata" src="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/10px-Blue_pencil.svg.png" decoding="async" width="10" height="10" class="mw-file-element" srcset="//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/15px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/73/Blue_pencil.svg/20px-Blue_pencil.svg.png 2x" data-file-width="600" data-file-height="600" /></a></span></li></ul> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r140554510">.mw-parser-output .CdA{border:1px solid #aaa;width:100%;margin:auto;font-size:90%;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#f2f2f2;font-weight:bold;width:20%}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA{border-color:#54595D}html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .CdA th{background-color:#202122}}</style><table class="CdA"><tbody><tr><th><a href="/wiki/Aiuto:Controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Aiuto:Controllo di autorità">Controllo di autorità</a></th><td><a href="/wiki/Gemeinsame_Normdatei" title="Gemeinsame Normdatei">GND</a> <span class="uid">(<span style="font-weight:bolder; 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position: absolute;"></noscript> <div class="printfooter" data-nosnippet="">Estratto da "<a dir="ltr" href="https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&oldid=138931619">https://it.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tetrapoda&oldid=138931619</a>"</div></div> <div id="catlinks" class="catlinks" data-mw="interface"><div id="mw-normal-catlinks" class="mw-normal-catlinks"><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Categorie" title="Categoria:Categorie">Categoria</a>: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Tetrapodi" title="Categoria:Tetrapodi">Tetrapodi</a></li></ul></div><div id="mw-hidden-catlinks" class="mw-hidden-catlinks mw-hidden-cats-hidden">Categorie nascoste: <ul><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_Tassobox_-_Regno_Animalia" title="Categoria:Voci con Tassobox - Regno Animalia">Voci con Tassobox - Regno Animalia</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P1417_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P1417 letta da Wikidata">P1417 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:P842_letta_da_Wikidata" title="Categoria:P842 letta da Wikidata">P842 letta da Wikidata</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_con_codice_GND" title="Categoria:Voci con codice GND">Voci con codice GND</a></li><li><a href="/wiki/Categoria:Voci_non_biografiche_con_codici_di_controllo_di_autorit%C3%A0" title="Categoria:Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità">Voci non biografiche con codici di controllo di autorità</a></li></ul></div></div> </div> </main> </div> <div class="mw-footer-container"> <footer id="footer" class="mw-footer" > <ul id="footer-info"> <li id="footer-info-lastmod"> Questa pagina è stata modificata per l'ultima volta il 21 apr 2024 alle 08:50.</li> <li id="footer-info-copyright">Il testo è disponibile secondo la <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.it">licenza Creative Commons Attribuzione-Condividi allo stesso modo</a>; 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